METHOD FOR FORMING MOLECULAR SEQUENCES ON SURFACES

Abstract
A method for forming molecular sequences includes derivatizing an unconfined substrate surface with at least one linker containing a protected reactive group. The substrate is contacted with a solution containing a photogenerated reagent precursor and a buffer and/or a neutralizer. A photogenerated reagent is generated in at least a portion of the solution. The photogenerated reagent is configured to initiate the formation of at least one active region on the substrate surface. A monomer is coupled to the active region.
Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will become apparent by reference to the following detailed description and drawings, in which like reference numerals correspond to similar, though not necessarily identical components. For the sake of brevity, reference numerals or features having a previously described function may not necessarily be described in connection with other drawings in which they appear.



FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of forming molecular sequences (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, and SEQ ID NO: 5 are shown as non-limiting example sequences);



FIG. 2 is a numerical simulation of the chemical confinement of photogenerated reagents;



FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of forming a molecular sequence using a photogenerated acid precursor (SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, and SEQ ID NO: 8 are shown as non-limiting example sequences);



FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram comparing a conventional solution-based acid deprotection reaction in an oligonucleotide synthesis with an embodiment of the photogenerated acid-based oligonucleotide synthesis;



FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of forming molecular sequences using a photogenerated base precursor (SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, and SEQ ID NO: 11 are shown as non-limiting example sequences);



FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for synthesizing embodiments of molecular sequences;



FIG. 7A depicts oligonucleotide sequences formed on an unpatterned glass substrate;



FIG. 7B depicts oligonucleotide sequences formed on a glass microscope slide;



FIG. 7C depicts oligonucleotide sequences formed on a 200 micron silica sphere; and



FIG. 7D depicts oligonucleotide sequences formed on the inside walls of a capillary tube.


Claims
  • 1. A method for forming a molecular sequence, comprising: derivatizing an unconfined substrate surface with at least one linker containing a protected reactive group;contacting the substrate with a solution containing a photogenerated reagent precursor and at least one of a buffer or a neutralizer;generating a photogenerated reagent in at least a portion of the solution, the photogenerated reagent configured to initiate the formation of at least one active region on the substrate surface; andcoupling a monomer to the at least one active region.
  • 2. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the photogenerated reagent precursor is selected from a photoacid generating molecule and a photobase generating molecule.
  • 3. The method as defined in claim 2 wherein the photogenerated reagent is selected from an acid and a base.
  • 4. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein generating the photogenerated reagent is accomplished via selectively exposing at least one region of the substrate to electromagnetic radiation.
  • 5. The method as defined in claim 4 wherein the photogenerated reagent is substantially confined to the at least one exposed region via the at least one of the buffer or neutralizer.
  • 6. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the photogenerated reagent diffuses to a surface of the substrate where it catalyzes deprotection of the protected reactive group, thereby exposing a reactive group and forming the at least one active region.
  • 7. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein prior to coupling the monomer to the at least one active region, the method further comprises removing the solution from the substrate.
  • 8. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the monomer has two ends, one of the two ends being unprotected and an other of the two ends having a protected reactive group attached thereto.
  • 9. The method as defined in claim 8 wherein the contacting, the generating, and the coupling steps are repeated to form a predetermined sequence.
  • 10. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the solution further comprises at least one of a sensitizer, a stabilizer, a viscosity additive, or combinations thereof.
  • 11. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the photogenerated reagent is an acid, and wherein the buffer or neutralizer is selected from pyridine, lutidine, piperidine, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
  • 12. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the photogenerated reagent is a base, and wherein the buffer or neutralizer is selected from benzillic acid, aluminum chloride, iron (III) chloride, boron trifluoride, ytterbium (III) triflate, butyric acid, propionic acid, phenol, and combinations thereof.
  • 13. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the monomer has two unprotected ends.
  • 14. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the monomer is in a solution containing at least one activator.
  • 15. The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the at least one activator is selected from tetrazole; 4,5,dicyanoimidazole (DCI); pyridiniumtrifluoroacetate; 5-ethlythiotetrazole; (3,5-dintrophenyl)-1H-tetrazole; trimethylchlorosilane; activator 42 (5-(bis-3,5-trifluormethylphenyl)1-H-tetrazole; derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
  • 16. A molecular sequence formed by the method of claim 1.
  • 17. An apparatus, comprising: an unconfined substrate surface; anda molecular sequence coupled to the unconfined substrate surface.
  • 18. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 wherein the molecular sequence includes a first monomer coupled to the unconfined substrate surface via a reactive group of a linker.
  • 19. The apparatus as defined in claim 18 wherein the reactive group initially contains a protection group that is removed via a photogenerated reagent.
  • 20. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 wherein the molecular sequence is formed of a plurality of monomers coupled together.
  • 21. The apparatus as defined in claim 20 wherein each of the plurality of monomers is selected from nucleotides, locked nucleic acid monomers, amino acids, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and combinations thereof.
Provisional Applications (1)
Number Date Country
60785938 Mar 2006 US