Claims
- 1. A method of optical detection of characteristic quantities of an illuminated specimen, comprising:
detecting a signal that is backscattered, reflected and/or fluoresced and/or transmitted from the specimen by a spatially resolving detector wherein radiation coming from the specimen is imaged on the detector; shifting the position of the radiation which is measured in a spatially resolved manner relative to the detector; and determining intermediate values by an algorithm from the signals measured in different shifts for purposes of increasing the spatial resolution of the detector.
- 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step size in the shift is below the raster dimension of the spatial resolution of the detector.
- 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein there is carried out a displacement of the detector in the direction of its spatial resolution and/or a displacement or swiveling of an imaging element in at least one axis and/or a displacement or swiveling of a reflective element in at least one axis and/or a displacement or swiveling of a dispersive element in at least one axis.
- 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a spectrally resolved measurement of spectra is carried out by a dispersive element arranged in front of the detector.
- 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dispersive element is swivelable around at least one axis.
- 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein with a dispersive element remaining stationary in at least one of its swiveling axes, the spatially changing effect of the swiveling in this axis is carried out by a scan unit and/or by displacement of the detector.
- 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in a line scanner for real-time microscopy a displacement is carried out by a mirror which is swivelable about at least one axis and/or a displacement of the detector and/or a mirror of a scanning mirror arrangement is carried out.
- 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein with a mirror remaining stationary in at least one of its swiveling axes, the spatially changing effect of the swiveling in this axis is carried out by a scan unit and/or by displacement of the detector.
- 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein switching is carried out between a line scan and a dispersive splitting.
- 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein a dispersive element is swiveled for increasing the spectral resolution and, further, an additional movement of the detector and/or a scan unit is carried out.
- 11. The method according to claim 1, for optical detection of characteristic quantities of the wavelength-dependent behavior of an illuminated specimen, particularly the emission behavior and/or absorption behavior, preferably the fluorescence and/or luminescence and/or phosphorescence and/or enzyme-active light emission and/or enzyme-active fluorescence.
- 12. The method according to claim 1, for distinguishing different dyes and/or for determining the local dye composition of an image point when a plurality of dyes are used simultaneously and/or for determining the local shift of the emission spectrum depending on the local environment to which the dye or dyes is or are attached and/or for measuring emission ratio dyes for determining ion concentrations.
- 13. The method according to claim 1, for distinguishing different dyes and/or for determining the local dye composition of an image point when a plurality of dyes are used simultaneously and/or for determining the local shift in the absorption spectrum depending on the local environment to which the dye or dyes is or are attached and/or for measuring the absorption ratio for determining ion concentrations.
- 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the emission radiation of the specimen is split by a dispersive element and is detected in a spatially resolved manner in at least one direction.
- 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein signals of detection channels are converted and digitally read out and calculation of the algorithm is carried out digitally in a computer.
- 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the signals of the detector channels are influenced by a nonlinear distortion of the input signals.
- 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the integration parameters are influenced.
- 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic or response curve of an amplifier is influenced.
- 19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculated intermediate values and/or detected signals are/is used for generating an image.
- 20. The method according to claim 1, wherein a calculation of the intermediate values is carried out for refining measurement curves in a stepwise manner.
- 21. The method according to claim 1, wherein a color-coded fluorescence image is generated.
- 22. The method according to claim 1, wherein a superposition is carried out with additional images.
- 23. The method according to claim 1, wherein a comparison of the measured signal with a reference signal is carried out via comparators in detection channels and in case the reference signal is not reached and/or is exceeded a change in the operating mode of the detection channel is carried out.
- 24. The method according to claim 1, wherein the respective detection channel is switched off and/or not taken into account.
- 25. The method according to claim 1, wherein the relevant spectral region is narrowed in this way.
- 26. The method according to claim 1, wherein the signals of the detection channels are generated by at least one integrator circuit.
- 27. The method according to claim 1, wherein the signals of the detection channels are generated by photon counting and subsequent digital-to-analog conversion.
- 28. The method according to claim 1, wherein the photon counting is carried out in time correlation.
- 29. The method according to claim 1, for detection of single-photon and/or multiphoton fluorescence and/or fluorescence excited by entangled photons.
- 30. The method according to claim 1, with parallel illumination and detection, in ingredient screening, wherein the specimen is a microtiter plate.
- 31. The method according to claim 30, employing linewise detection.
- 32. The method according to claim 1, in a microscope.
- 33. The method according to claim 1, for detection in a nearfield scanning microscope.
- 34. The method according to claim 1, for detection of a single-photon and/or multiphoton dye fluorescence in a fluorescence-correlated spectroscope.
- 35. The method according to claim 1, by confocal detection.
- 36. The method according to claim 1, using a scanning arrangement.
- 37. The method according to claim 1, using an X-Y scanner in the illumination means.
- 38. The method according to claim 1, using an X-Y scan table.
- 39. The method according to claim 1, using nonconfocal detection.
- 40. The method according to claim 1, using descanned detection.
- 41. The method according to claim 1, using brightfield imaging.
- 42. The method according to claim 1, using point imaging.
- 43. The method according to claim 1, using non-descanned detection.
- 44. The method according to claim 1, using brighfield imaging.
- 45. The method according to claim 1, using non-scanning, confocal or nonconfocal detection and point imaging or brightfield imaging.
- 46. The method according to claim 1, using an X-Y scan table.
- 47. An arrangement for optical detection of characteristic quantities of an illuminated specimen, comprising:
a detector for detecting a signal that is backscattered, reflected and/or fluoresced and/or absorbed from the specimen, said detector being a spatially revolving detector wherein radiation coming from the specimen is imaged on the detector; means for imaging a radiation signal that is backscattered, reflected and/or fluoresced and/or absorbed from the specimen, on the detector; means for shifting the position of the radiation which is measured in a spatially resolved manner relative to the detector; and means for determining intermediate values using an algorithm from the signals measured in different shifts for purposes of increasing the spatial resolution of the detector.
- 48. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein the step size of the shift is below the raster dimension of the spatial resolution of the detector.
- 49. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein there is carried out a displacement of the detector in the direction of its spatial resolution and/or a displacement or swiveling of an imaging element in at least one axis and/or a displacement or swiveling of a reflective element in at least one axis and/or a displacement or swiveling of a dispersive element in at least one axis.
- 50. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein a spectrally resolved measurement of spectra is carried out by a dispersive element arranged in front of the detector.
- 51. The arrangement according to claim 50, wherein the dispersive element is swivelable around at least one axis.
- 52. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein with a dispersive element remaining stationary in at least one of its swiveling axes, the spatially changing effect of the swiveling in this axis is carried out by a scan unit.
- 53. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein in a line scanner for real-time microscopy a displacement is carried out by a mirror which is swivelable about at least one axis and/or a displacement of the detector and/or a mirror of a scanning mirror arrangement is carried out.
- 54. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein with a mirror remaining stationary in at least one of its swiveling axes, the spatially changing effect of the swiveling in this axis is carried out by a scan unit.
- 55. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein switching is carrried out between a line scan and a dispersive splitting.
- 56. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein a dispersive element is swiveled for increasing the spectral resolution and, further, an additional movement of the detector and/or a scan unit is carried out.
- 57. The arrangement according to claim 47, for optical detection of characteristic quantities of the wavelength-dependent behavior of an illuminated specimen, particularly the emission behavior and/or absorption behavior, preferably the fluorescence and/or luminescence and/or phosphorescence and/or enzyme-active light emission and/or enzyme-active fluorescence.
- 58. The arrangement according to claim 47, for distinguishing different dyes and/or for determining the local dye composition of an image point when a plurality of dyes are used simultaneously and/or for determining the local shift of the emission spectrum depending on the local environment to which the dye or dyes is or are attached and/or for measuring emission ratio dyes for determining ion concentrations.
- 59. The arrangement according to claim 47, for distinguishing different dyes and/or for determining the local dye composition of an image point when a plurality of dyes are used simultaneously and/or for determining the local shift in the absorption spectrum depending on the local environment to which the dye or dyes is or are attached and/or for measuring the absorption ratio for determining ion concentrations.
- 60. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein the emission radiation of the specimen is split by a dispersive element and is detected in a spatially resolved manner in at least one direction.
- 61. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein signals of detection channels are converted and digitally read out and calculation of the algorithm is carried out digitally in a computer.
- 62. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein the signals of detector channels are influenced by a nonlinear distortion of the input signals.
- 63. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein the integration parameters are influenced.
- 64. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein the characteristic or response curve of an amplifier is influenced.
- 65. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein the calculated intermediate values and/or detected signals are/is used for generating an image.
- 66. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein a color-coded fluorescence image is generated.
- 67. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein a superposition is carried out with additional images.
- 68. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein a comparison of the measured signal with a reference signal is carried out via comparators in detection channels and in case the reference signal is not reached and/or is exceeded a change in the operating mode of the detection channel is carried out.
- 69. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein the respective detection channel is switched off and/or not taken into account.
- 70. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein the relevant spectral region is narrowed in this way.
- 71. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein signals of the detection channels are generated by at least one integrator circuit.
- 72. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein signals of the detection channels are generated by photon counting and subsequent digital-to-analog conversion.
- 73. The arrangement according to claim 47, wherein the photon counting is carried out in time correlation.
- 74. The arrangement according to claim 47, for detection of single-photon and/or multiphoton fluorescence and/or fluorescence excited by entangled photons.
- 75. The arrangement according to claim 47, with parallel illumination and detection, in ingredient screening, wherein the specimen is a microtiter plate.
- 76. The arrangement according to claim 75, with linewise detection.
- 77. The arrangement according to claim 47, incorporated in a microscope.
- 78. The arrangement according to claim 77, for detection in a nearfield scanning microscope.
- 79. The arrangement according to claim 47, for detection of a single-photon and/or multiphoton dye fluorescence in a fluorescence-correlated spectroscope.
- 80. The arrangement according to claim 47, incorporating confocal detection.
- 81. The arrangement according to claim 47, including a scanning arrangement.
- 82. The arrangement according to claim 47, including an X-Y scanner in the illumination source.
- 83. The arrangement according to claim 47, including an X-Y scan table.
- 84. The arrangement according to claim 83, incorporating nonconfocal detection.
- 85. The arrangement according to claim 47, including a scanning arrangement.
- 86. The arrangement according to claim 47, including descanned detection.
- 87. The arrangement according to claim 47, with brightfield imaging.
- 88. The arrangement according to claim 47, with point imaging.
- 89. The arrangement according to claim 47, incorporating non-descanned detection.
- 90. The arrangement according to claim 47, with non-scanning, confocal or nonconfocal detection and point imaging or brightfield imaging.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
100 38 528.1 |
Aug 2000 |
DE |
|
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority of provisional application Ser. No. 60/230,343, filed Sep. 6, 2000 and German Application No. 100 38 528.1, filed Aug. 8, 2000, the complete disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Provisional Applications (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60230343 |
Sep 2000 |
US |