Extrusion fabrication is a known process that involves forcing material, generally aluminum or aluminum alloy under a combination of heat and pressure, so as to be flowable (normally referred to as a “billet”), through an extrusion die tool to form a product having a cross section that matches the extrusion profile of the die tool. Many manufacturing processes involve extrusion fabrication. For example, extrusion fabrication is widely used in the manufacture of flat, multi-cavity aluminum tubes, which are used for small heat exchanger components in air-conditioners, condensers, and radiators.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,153 B1 to Maier (“Maier”) discloses a current method known in the art for manufacturing extrusion die tools, and is incorporated herein by reference.
After the extrusion die tool is cut into its semi-finished state, the die tool is hardened for the first time in Step 20 using known hardening processes. After the extrusion die tool is hardened in Step 20, the die tool is finished to its final dimensions in Step 30. In Step 30, the stock metal left on the extrusion die tool from Step 10 is ground and cut off until the die tool is shaped to the desired final dimensions (i.e., the “finished state”). As a result of the hardening process of Step 20, the extrusion die tool cannot be easily cut on a lathe or a mill in Step 30. Rather, the extrusion die tool is finished in Step 30 by a process utilizing surface grinders, polishing machines, and electric discharge machines (“EDMs”). The Maier method involves the use of both a conventional EDM and a wire EDM to make all the necessary cuts to produce a finished die tool. It will be appreciated that due to the amount of cuts performed by a conventional EDM, the use of the conventional EDM is very time consuming and costly because it utilizes an electrode, such as a copper or graphite electrode, that must be replaced for each cycle of cuts in this process.
After the extrusion die tool is finished, the extrusion die tool is coated in Step 40 by the chemical vapor deposition (“CVD”) process described in Maier. As described in Maier, the extrusion die tool is coated at pre-determined locations with a wear resistant carbidic, nitridic, boridic, and/or oxidic-coating material. After the finished extrusion die tool is coated at the desired location(s), the die tool is rehardened in Step 50 by known hardening processes. On the Rockwell C-scale of hardness (“Rc”), the die tool is hardened to a hardness of about 46-50 Rc.
Each of the aforementioned steps is time consuming and expensive. The two hardening steps alone add two to four days worth of time onto the manufacturing process for extrusion die tools. Further, cutting an extrusion die tool into its semi-finished state and then finishing the die tool into its finished state require a large number of processing steps. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the finishing step is time-consuming due to the fact the steel has already been hardened which increases the difficulty of making the finishing cuts. Any reduction in the time required to manufacture extrusion die tools can provide an extreme benefit to manufacturers of these tools. Thus, what is needed is a method that reduces the time and cost involved in manufacturing extrusion die tools.
The subject invention relates to a new method for manufacturing extrusion die tools. An exemplary embodiment of the method for manufacturing extrusion die tools involves the steps of cutting and finishing annealed steel to form a finished state of an extrusion die tool, coating at least one portion of the finished extrusion die tool with a wear resistant coating, and hardening the entire extrusion die tool. The coating step can use any number of coating processes that properly coats the die tool at high temperatures, including, but not limited to, a CVD coating process. The hardening of the die and any coated portions is conducted using any number of hardening processes known in the art.
This method can be used to prepare extrusion die tool inserts for extrusion die tools, such as mandrels and sizing plates, for both closed and open extrusion die tool designs using either high-speed or hot-working steels. These inserts can then be assembled with an annular base of an open die tool or a female and male body of a closed die tool. An exemplary high-speed steel that can be used in this method to produce these inserts has a chemical composition that comprises one or more of the following: Carbon; Manganese; Silicon; Chromium; Vanadium; Tungsten; Molybdenum; Cobalt; Sulfur; and Iron. An exemplary hot-working steel that can be used in this method to produce the inserts and/or the annular base or female and male bodies of an open and closed extrusion die tool, respectively, has a chemical composition that comprises one or more of the following: Carbon; Manganese; Silicon; Chromium; Molybdenum; Vanadium; and Iron. In this embodiment, the die tool and any coated portions thereof are hardened to about 46-50 Rc for hot-working steel and to about −53-56 Rc for high-speed steel.
The subject invention relates to a new method for manufacturing extrusion die tools that reduces the time and cost involved in their manufacture.
Further, by virtue of annealed steel not undergoing a first hardening step, a lathe and/or a mill, instead of a conventional EDM, can now be employed in Step 61 to machine cut the extrusion die tool to its final dimensions. While a conventional EDM may still be required to make detailed cuts (i.e., cutting small grooves or channels on the die tool), the use of a conventional EDM is substantially reduced in this process. Thus, the electrode of the conventional EDM does not have to be replaced as frequently and the time devoted to the preparation of the conventional EDM is substantially reduced, if not eliminated altogether (in the event no detailed cuts are needed). As a result, the finishing of such an extrusion die tool can be completed within minutes, instead of the several-hours timeframe associated with the finishing of a die tool using a combination of conventional and wire EDMs.
Moreover, by eliminating the hardening Step 20 of
Referring back to
A variety of extrusion die tools can be manufactured from annealed steel using this exemplary method. For example,
Either of the die tools 70 and 80 can be manufactured utilizing the exemplary method shown in
Still referring to
After Step 61 is completed, the desired parts of the extrusion die tool are coated with a wear resistant coating in Step 62 using known coating processes at high temperatures that, by virtue of the high temperatures (i.e., temperatures that fall in the range of approximately 1000-1300° F.) at which they are conducted, serve to both coat and partially harden the steel. For example, the CVD coating process disclosed in Maier can be used to coat the desired parts of the extrusion die tool. The CVD coating is prepared from a coating material selected from the group containing titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium boride, vanadium carbide, chromium carbide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, and combinations thereof; and the coating is applied in a CVD process, preferably at temperatures in the range of 1200° F.-1300° F., to the surface of the desired portions of the extrusion die tool. Thermally-activated CVD is known in the art for the production of single crystals, the impregnation of fiber structures with carbon or ceramics, and generally for the deposition of thin layers, either by growth onto a surface or by the diffusion of borides, carbides, nitrides, and/or oxides. By virtue of the aforementioned coating and thermally-activated CVD coating step, a wear-resistant layer is provided for the coated portions of the extrusion die tool, which uniformly, regularly, and adhesively covers the coated portions. While the entire extrusion die tool itself can be coated, it is more cost-effective to coat only certain portions of the die tool. For example, only the mandrel inserts 77 and 90 of the closed and open die tools 70 and 80, respectively, are coated. While this exemplary method uses a CVD coating process, any number of coating processes can be used.
Following the coating step, the coated and uncoated portions of the extrusion die tool are hardened using known hardening processes in Step 63. For example, one hardening process known in the art first involves heating the coated and uncoated portions of the extrusion die tool to a temperature of at least 100° F. above the critical or transformation point of its component steel, a point also known as its decalescence point, so that the steel becomes entirely austenitic in structure (i.e., a solid solution of carbon in iron). The coated and uncoated portions of the extrusion die tool steel are then quenched. The quenching process suddenly cools the coated and uncoated portions of the die tool at a rate that depends on the carbon content, the amount of alloying elements present, and the size of the austenite, to produce fully-hardened steel. Following quenching, the resulting extrusion die tool is tempered in order to reduce the brittleness in its hardened steel and to remove the internal strains caused by the sudden cooling associated with quenching. The tempering process consists of heating the quenched, coated and uncoated portions of the extrusion die tool by various means, such as immersion in an oil, lead, or salt bath, to a certain temperature, which may range from 1000-1200° F. for hot-working or high-speed steel, and then slowly cooling the die tool. In this embodiment, the portions of the die tool cut and finished from hot working steel is hardened to about 46 to 50 Rc, and the portions cut and finished from high-speed steel is hardened to about 53 to 56 Rc. This is just one hardening process known in the art that can be used in this method. Any other type of hardening process can be utilized in association with this method.
As already explained, this exemplary method of the subject invention reduces the number of steps, the amount of time, and the corresponding cost of manufacturing extrusion die tools. This can be further seen by comparing and contrasting how one would manufacture a mandrel insert using the Maier method and the exemplary method described above. In particular, and in reference to
This exemplary method of the subject invention reduces the number of steps involved in manufacturing extrusion die tools and, accordingly, the time and cost involved in manufacturing these tools. This reduction in time and cost arises primarily from the elimination of a first hardening step in the Maier method of manufacturing extrusion die tools. The elimination of the first hardening step not only saves the amount of time that it would take to harden the semi-finished die tool, but also decreases the use of certain types of equipment in the manufacturing process, such as mills and various types of surface grinders, and may eliminate entirely the use of a conventional EDM from the manufacturing process. Elimination of a conventional EDM eliminates the need for and the concomitant preparation time and cost associated with the electrode required in a conventional EDM. Further, the exclusive use of a wire EDM in the method of the subject invention, in lieu of the combination of conventional and wire EDMs, permits final finishing to be completed within minutes, instead of several-hours. Thus, this exemplary method substantially reduces the amount of time needed to manufacture an extrusion die tool.
While an exemplary method of the subject invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to a particular embodiment thereof and particular extrusion die tools resulting therefrom, such are offered by way of non-limiting examples of the invention, as other versions of the invention and other products resulting from the invention are possible. It is anticipated that a variety of modifications of and changes to the subject invention will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art and that such modifications and changes are intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the pending claims.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3807212 | Lawson | Apr 1974 | A |
4287749 | Bachrach et al. | Sep 1981 | A |
4574459 | Peters | Mar 1986 | A |
4585619 | Westin | Apr 1986 | A |
5061163 | Kennedy | Oct 1991 | A |
5093151 | van den Berg et al. | Mar 1992 | A |
5263352 | Yano | Nov 1993 | A |
5325698 | Nagpal et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
5342189 | Inamura et al. | Aug 1994 | A |
5351398 | Haxell | Oct 1994 | A |
5571235 | Yano | Nov 1996 | A |
5572894 | Yano | Nov 1996 | A |
5832768 | Yano | Nov 1998 | A |
5974850 | Huang et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
6134936 | Cheung | Oct 2000 | A |
6176153 | Maier | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6351979 | Inamura et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6370934 | Maier | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6773662 | Fisher et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
20070000117 | Brandstatter et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
3221388 | Dec 1983 | DE |
19810015 | Mar 1999 | DE |
WO 03068503 | Aug 2003 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20060032334 A1 | Feb 2006 | US |