Patent Grant
7749658
This is a §371 application of PCT International Patent Application Number PCT/JP2006/322037, filed Oct. 27, 2006, which claimed benefit from a Japanese Patent Application Number 2005-0314054, filed Oct. 28, 2005, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing LiMnPO4, which enables to obtain LiMnPO4 which has an excellent crystalline and a high purity at a temperature lower than that in a conventional method.
With advance in the miniaturization of personal computers, video cameras and portable telephones or the like, in a field of information-related devices and communication devices, as a power source for the devices, because of high energy density, lithium secondary batteries are put into practical use and widely commercialized. On the other hand, in the field of automobiles as well, because of the environmental problems and resource problems, electric cars are urged to develop. Also as a power source of the electric cars, lithium secondary batteries are under study.
In the lithium secondary battery, as one that can obtain a 4V class operational voltage, positive electrode active materials such as LiCoO2 and LiNiO2 having a layered rock salt structure, LiMn2O4 having the spinel structure and lithium transition metal composite oxides obtained by partially substituting the above compounds with other elements are well known. Furthermore, in recent years, compounds having an olivine structure such as compounds represented by a general formula LiMPO4 (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, V), because of being theoretically large in the capacitance, are expected as promising materials.
For instance, in Japanese Patent Application National Publication (Laid-Open) No. 2004-529059, a method for manufacturing LiMPO4 powder, which intends to obtain LiMPO4 having controlled dimension and shape, is disclosed. Furthermore, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2004-303496, a method for manufacturing LinMPO4 by use of inexpensive materials such as metal chlorides or the like is disclosed. Still furthermore, in WO 00/60679, a method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material characterized in mixing solid powdery raw materials, followed by sintering, and adding a reducing agent at the sintering is disclosed. Furthermore, in JP-A No. 11-25983, lithium battery active materials having an olivine structure and represented by a general formula LiM1-xMexPO4 are disclosed.
However, in all of the Japanese Patent Application National Publication (Laid-Open) No. 2004-52909, JP-A No. 2004-303496, WO 00/600679, and JP-A No. 11-25983, in order to obtain LiMPO4 and so on, a sintering method that necessitates to heat up to substantially 800° C. is used. From a viewpoint of such as saving energy, a method that enables to obtain LiMnPO4 which has an excellent crystalline and a high purity at temperatures lower than that in a conventional method is in demand.
The invention mainly intends to obtain LiMnPO4 which has an excellent crystalline and a high purity at a temperature lower than a temperature in a conventional sintering method.
In order to achieve the above object, in the invention, a method for manufacturing LiMnPO4 characterized by comprising the steps of: precipitating for obtaining precipitate of manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)x) by adding a precipitant to a Mn source solution in which a Mn source is dissolved; reducing for obtaining a reduced dispersion solution by dispersing the precipitate in a reducing solvent; adding for obtaining an added dispersion solution by adding a Li source solution and a P source solution to the reduced dispersion solution; pH adjusting for adjusting the pH of the added dispersion solution in the range of 3 to 6 to obtain a pH-adjusted dispersion solution; and synthesizing for synthesizing by reacting the pH-adjusted dispersion solution by a heating under pressure condition is provided.
According to the invention, by undergoing the above steps, LiMnPO4 having an excellent crystalline and a high purity can be obtained. Furthermore, in the above synthesis process, when for instance an autoclave or the like is used to carry out the hydrothermal synthesis, LiMnPO4 can be obtained at a temperature lower than a temperature in a conventional sintering method, thereby preferably resulting in cutting energy.
In the invention, the reducing solvent is preferably a hydrogen peroxide solution, or a primary alcohol or a secondary alcohol. This is because LiMnPO4 which has an excellent crystalline and a high purity can be obtained.
In the invention, a method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material characterized in that LiMnPO4 obtained according to the method for manufacturing LiMnPO4 and a conductive agent are blended is provided.
According to the invention, by blending a conductive agent with LiMnPO4, an advantage that a positive electrode active material excellent in the electrical conductivity can be obtained can be achieved.
In the invention, an advantage that LiMnPO4 having an excellent crystalline and a high purity can be obtained at a temperature lower than a temperature in a conventional sintering method can be obtained.
Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing LiMnPO4 according to the invention and a method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material will be detailed.
A. Method for Manufacturing LiMnPO4
Firstly, a method for manufacturing LiMnPO4 according to the invention will be described. The method for manufacturing LiMnPO4 according to the invention, as shown in
Hereinafter, the respective steps in the invention will be detailed.
Firstly, the precipitating step in the invention will be described. The precipitating step in the invention is a step to obtain manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)x) by adding a precipitant in a Mn source solution in which a Mn source is dissolved.
A Mn source solution used in the step is obtained by dissolving a Mn source in a solvent.
The Mn source, as far as it contains Mn and reacts with a precipitant described later to form manganese hydroxide, is not particularly restricted. For instance, manganese acetate tetrahydrate (C4H6O4Mn.4H2O) and manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2.4H2O) can be cited. Furthermore, in the invention, as the Mn source, compounds represented by such as Mn(OOCR)2 (R represents —CH2OH or —CH2CH2OH) can be used.
Furthermore, as a solvent that can be used in the Mn source solution, as far as it can dissolve the Mn source, there is no particular restriction. For instance, water and alcohols can be cited, and water being particularly preferably used. As a concentration of the Mn source solution, though different depending on the kind of the Mn source and solvent, it is for instance in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 mol/l, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 mol/l. This is because, in both cases when the concentration is excessively high or excessively low, desired manganese hydroxide may not be obtained.
Still furthermore, as the precipitant, as far as it reacts with the Mn source to obtain manganese hydroxide, there is no particular restriction. For instance, lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) and so on can be cited. Furthermore, the precipitant may be added directly to the Mn source solution or a solution obtained by dissolving the precipitant in a solvent such as water may be added to the Mn source solution.
In the present step, precipitate of manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)x) is obtained by adding the precipitant to the Mn source solution. The precipitate is filtered, washed with water and or the like to be used in the reducing step. Manganese hydroxide precipitate obtained in the step is in some cases in slurry state.
Next, a reducing step in the invention will be described. The reducing step in the invention is a step to obtain a reduced dispersion solution by dispersing the precipitate of manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)x) obtained in the precipitating step in a reducing solvent. According to the step, manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)x) is considered converted to divalent manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)2).
A reducing solvent used in the step, as far as it is reducing and can convert manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)x) to divalent manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)2), is not particularly restricted. For instance, hydrogen peroxide solution, primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, hydroquinone, and sugar can be cited. Among these, hydrogen peroxide solution, primary alcohol and secondary alcohol are preferable. As the primary alcohol, for instance, 1-butanol and 1-propanol or the like can be cited. As the secondary alcohol, for instance, 2-propanol or the like can be cited.
Furthermore, when in particular a substance high in the reactivity such as hydrogen peroxide solution is used as a reducing solvent, the precipitate of the manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)x) is dissolved in water in advance, followed by preferably adding the reducing solvent to the dispersion solution. In this case, the reducing solvent is preferably added gradually to the dispersion solution.
Then, an adding step in the invention will be described. The adding step in the invention is a step of obtaining an added dispersion solution by adding a Li source solution and P (phosphorus) source solution to the reduced dispersion solution obtained in the reducing step. Owing to the step, all materials constituting LiMnPO4 are contained in the dispersion solution.
The Li source solution used in the step is obtained by dissolving a Li source in a solvent.
As the Li source, as far as it contains Li and can obtain LiMnPO4 through a synthesizing step described later, there is no particular restriction. For instance, lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) or the like can be cited.
Furthermore, the solvent that is used in the Li source solution, as far as it can dissolve the Li source, is not particularly restricted. For instance, water and alcohols or the like can be cited, and water being particularly desirable.
On the other hand, the P (phosphorus) source solution used in the step is obtained by dissolving a P (phosphorus) source in a solvent.
The P source, as far as it contains P and can obtain LiMnPO4 through a synthesizing step described later, is not particularly restricted. For instance, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (H6NO4P) and phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) or the like can be cited.
Furthermore, as the solvent that is used in the P source solution, as far as it can dissolve the P source, there is no particular restriction. For instance, water and alcohols or the like can be cited, and water being particularly preferable.
Ratios of the Mn source, the Li source and the P source that are used in the invention, as far as a desired LiMnPO4 can be obtained, are not particularly restricted. However, it is preferably in the range of Mn source: Li source: P source=1:1 to 1.5:1 by mole ratio. That is, Li is preferably in the range of equimolar amount or a little excess.
Next, the pH adjusting step in the invention will be described. The pH adjusting step in the invention is a step of obtaining a pH adjusted dispersion solution by adjusting the pH of the added dispersion solution obtained in the adding step to the range of 3 to 6. The pH of the added dispersion solvent obtained in the adding step is normally 7 or more. Accordingly, in the step, an acid is added to adjust the pH.
The acid that is used in the pH adjusting step, as far as the pH of the added dispersion solution can be adjusted in the above range, is not particularly restricted. For instance, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid or the like can be cited.
Next, the synthesizing step in the invention will be described. The synthesizing step in the step is a step in which the pH adjusted dispersion solution obtained from the pH adjusting step is allowed to react by a heating under pressure condition. Owing to the step, precipitate of LiMnPO4 can be obtained.
A heating temperature in the step, though varying depending on a composition of the pH adjusted dispersion solution, namely, kinds or the like of the Mn source, Li source, P source and solvent, and furthermore depending on a pressurizing pressure described later, is, for instance, in the range of 120 to 250° C. and preferably in the range of 150 to 200° C.
Furthermore, the pressure in the step, though varying depending on the composition or the like of the pH adjusted dispersion solution and furthermore on the heating temperature, is in the range of 5 to 10 atm and preferably in the range of 6 to 9 atm.
A method of carrying out the step, as far as it can realize the above heating under pressure condition and can obtain desired LiMnPO4, is not particularly restricted. Specifically, a hydrothermal synthesis with an autoclave can be cited. Furthermore, as the autoclave, there is no particular restriction; that is, commercially available one can be used.
Owing to the above synthesizing step, precipitate of LiMnPO4 is obtained, followed by filtering, washing and drying, and thereby LiMnPO4 powder is obtained. Furthermore, the crystallinity of LiMnPO4 obtained in the invention can be judged by measuring an X-ray diffraction pattern. Applications of LiMnPO4 obtained according to the invention are not particularly restricted. For instance, it can be used as a positive electrode active material of lithium secondary batteries.
B. Method for Manufacturing f Positive Electrode Active Material
Next, a method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material according to the invention will be described. The method for manufacturing the positive electrode active material according to the invention is characterized in blending LiMnPO4 obtained according to the method for manufacturing the LiMnPO4 and a conductive agent.
LiMnPO4 used in the invention, being obtained according to a manufacturing method described in the “A. Method for manufacturing LiMnPO4”, is omitted from describing here.
Furthermore, the conductive agent used in the invention, as far as it can improve the electrical conductivity, is not particularly restricted. For instance, graphite or carbon black such as acetylene black can be cited.
The conductive agent is added in the range of 5 to 25 parts by weight, preferably in the range of 10 to 20 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of LiMnPO4. When an amount of the conductive agent is less than necessary, the electrical conductivity may not be sufficiently improved, and, when it is more than necessary, since an amount of LiMnPO4 becomes relatively less, the performance as the positive electrode active material may be deteriorated.
In the invention, a method of blending the LiMnPO4 and the conductive agent is not particularly restricted. However, for instance, the physical blending is preferable and the mechanical blending is particularly preferable. Specifically, a ball mill pulverizing method or the like can be cited. Furthermore, applications of the positive electrode active material obtained according to the invention are not particularly restricted. However, it can be used in, for instance, lithium secondary batteries.
The invention is not restricted to the above embodiments. The embodiments are only exemplifications. All that have configurations and advantages substantially same as that of technical ideas described in claims according to the invention are included in the technical ranges of the invention.
Hereinafter, the invention will be more specifically described with reference to examples.
A Mn source solution was obtained by dissolving 0.02 mol of manganese acetate tetrahydrate (C4H6O4Mn.(4H2O)4) in 100 ml of deionized water. Next, a precipitant was obtained by dissolving 0.04 mol of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) in 100 ml of deionized water. When the solutions were blended, precipitate in slurry state of manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)x) was obtained.
Next, the obtained precipitate was filtered and washed with deionized water. Thereafter, the precipitate was transferred in a 1 L beaker, 100 ml of deionized water was added, 10 ml of 15% hydrogen peroxide solution was gradually dropped, followed by agitating for 3 minutes, and thereby a reduced dispersion solution was obtained.
Then, 0.02 mol of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (H6NO4P) was dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water and thereby a P source solution was obtained. Furthermore, 0.03 mol of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) was dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water and thereby a Li source solution was obtained. The solutions were simultaneously added to the reduced dispersion solution mentioned above, followed by agitating for 5 minutes, and thereby an added dispersion solution was obtained. The pH of the added dispersion solution was 9.5.
Next, to the added dispersion solution, 10 ml of 15% hydrogen peroxide solution and 2 ml of acetic acid were gradually dropped, and thereby a pH-adjusted dispersion solution was obtained. The pH of the pH-adjusted dispersion solution was 5.3.
Next, the pH-adjusted dispersion solution was transferred in a Teflon coated autoclave and allowed reacting at a temperature in the range of 150 to 200° C. for two days. Thereafter, the dispersion solution was cooled and filtered, obtained light brown precipitate was washed with deionized water, followed by drying in air at 60° C. overnight, and thereby LiMnPO4 was obtained.
Then, an X-ray diffraction pattern of the obtained LiMnPO4 was measured. Measurement conditions are as follows.
Equipment: Siemens-Lristalloflex 805
X-ray: CuKα, 40 kV, 35 mA
Scanning range: 2θ=0 to 70°
An X-ray diffraction pattern obtained in the above measurement is shown in
Furthermore, the obtained LiMnPO4 was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM photographs thereof are shown in
LiMnPO4 obtained according to the example 1 was transferred in a 250 ml zirconium oxide container, followed by ball-mill pulverizing for 1 hour with 20 zirconium balls having a diameter of 10 mm. Thereafter, carbon black was added, followed by further pulverizing with a ball mill for 3 hours, and thereby a positive electrode active material having a composition of LiMnPO4/C was obtained.
TEM photographs of the obtained positive electrode active material are shown in
The positive electrode active material obtained according to the example 2, carbon black (trade name: C55, manufactured by Shawiniga Corp) and a binder (polyvinylidene difluoride, PVDF) were dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrolydinone at a mass ratio of 90:5:5, and thereby a positive electrode composition was obtained. The positive electrode composition was coated on an aluminum foil that is a current collector, followed by drying in air at 100° C. for 1 hour, further followed by heating at 120° C. for 30 minutes with a hot plate, and thereby N-methyl-2-pyrolydinone was evaporated. Furthermore, by drying overnight at 160° C. under a reduced pressure, a positive electrode was obtained.
By use of the positive electrode obtained according to the example 3, with a Li metal ,as a negative electrode and Microporous Celgard membrane (manufactured by Celgard Inc.) as a separator, a lithium secondary battery was prepared. As an electrolyte, one obtained by adding 1 M of LiPF6 to a mixed solution in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were blended at a ratio of 1:1 was used.
The lithium secondary battery was charged at a current density of 0.03 mA/cm2 until a terminal voltage of 4.7V was obtained. Thereafter, at a current density of 0.03 mA/cm21 discharge was carried out until a terminal voltage of 2.3 V was obtained. The charge/discharge cycle was repeated for three times. Results are shown in
A Mn source solution was obtained by dissolving 0.02 mol of manganese acetate tetrahydrate (C4H6O4Mn.(4H2O)4) in 100 ml of deionized water. Next, a precipitant was obtained by dissolving 0.04 mol of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) in 100 ml of deionized water. When the solutions were blended, precipitate in slurry state of manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)x) was obtained.
Next, the obtained precipitate was filtered and washed with deionized water. Thereafter, the precipitate was transferred in a 1 L beaker, 100 ml of 1-butanol was added, followed by agitating for 3 minutes, and thereby a reduced dispersion solution was obtained.
Then, 0.02 mol of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (H6NO4P) was dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water and thereby a P source solution was obtained. Furthermore, 0.03 mol of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) was dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water and thereby a Li source solution was obtained. The solutions were simultaneously added into the reduced dispersion solution mentioned above, followed by agitating for 5 minutes, and thereby an added dispersion solution was obtained. The pH of the added dispersion solution was 9.5.
Next, to the added dispersion solution, 2 ml of acetic acid was gradually dropped, and thereby a pH-adjusted dispersion solution was obtained. The pH of the pH-adjusted dispersion solution was 5.2.
Next, the pH-adjusted dispersion solution was transferred to a Teflon coated autoclave and allowed reacting at a temperature of 170° C. for two days. Thereafter, the dispersion solution was cooled and filtered, obtained light brown precipitate was washed with deionized water, followed by drying in air at 60° C. overnight, and thereby LiMnPO4 was obtained. An X-ray diffraction pattern of the obtained LiMnPO4 was measured. The measurement conditions were same as those of the example 1. An X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by the measurement is shown in
Except that when obtaining the reduced dispersion solution, in place of adding 100 ml of 1-butanol, 100 ml of 1-propanol was added, similarly to the example 5, LiMnPO4 was obtained. The pH of the added dispersion solution was 9.5 and the pH of the pH-adjusted dispersion solution was 5.0.
Next, an X-ray diffraction pattern of the obtained LiMnPO4 was measured. The measurement conditions were same as those of the example 1. An X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by the measurement is shown in
Except that when obtaining the reduced dispersion solution, in place of adding 100 ml of 1-butanol, 50 ml of 2-propanol was added, similarly to the example 5, LiMnPO4 was obtained. The pH of the added dispersion solution was 9.5 and the pH of the pH adjusted dispersion solution was 5.3.
Next, an X-ray diffraction pattern of the obtained LiMnPO4 was measured. The measurement conditions were same as those of the example 1. An X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by the measurement is shown in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-314054 | Oct 2005 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/322037 | 10/27/2006 | WO | 00 | 2/18/2009 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007/049815 | 5/3/2007 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040175614 | Wurm et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1 094 532 | Apr 2001 | EP |
| 11-025983 | Jan 1999 | JP |
| 2004-303496 | Oct 2004 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090184296 A1 | Jul 2009 | US |
