Patent Application
20150026966
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a permanent-magnet motor rotor.
A motor is an electromagnetic device taking magnetic field as media to carry out mutual conversion between mechanical energy and electrical energy. In order to establish an air-gap magnetic field inside of the motor needed by electromechanical energy conversion, two methods are provided. As to one method, a motor winding is energized to generate a magnetic field, such as a conventional DC motor, the motor and so on. This electrically excited motor not only needs a special winding and a corresponding device but also needs to be continuously provided with energy to maintain its current flow. As to the other method, the magnetic field is generated by a permanent magnet. Due to the inherent characteristics of a permanent-magnet material, after it is pre-magnetized (magnetization), it does not need external energy to establish the magnetic field around its surrounding space; that is, it is the so-called permanent magnet motor.
Compared with the conventional excited motor, the permanent magnet motor has the advantages of simple structure, low loss, high power factor, high efficiency, high power density, high starting torque, low temperature, light weight and other obvious characteristics. With the continuous improvement and perfection of the magnetic properties in rare-earth permanent-magnet materials (especially NdFeB) and gradually reduced price, the permanent-magnet motor research and development gradually becomes mature, thus facilitating the permanent magnet motor to be more and more widely used in defense, industrial and agricultural production, daily life and so on.
The permanent-magnet motor is the motor which depends on the permanent magnet on a rotor to generate the magnet field. Its stator structure is basically identical to that of a common synchronous/asynchronous motor. That is, it consists of a stator iron core constituted by stacked silicon steel sheets and a stator coil embedded in an iron-core slot of the stator. It is energized by three-phase alternating current to generate a rotating magnetic field in the stator coil. The permanent-magnet motor rotor mainly consists of a rotor iron core and the permanent magnet, which is the main difference between the permanent-magnet motor and other type of the motor. A rotor magnetic circuit structure is the key technology of the permanent magnet motor. If a magnetic path structure adopted by the rotor is different, the operating performance, the control strategy, the manufacturing process and the use occasion of the motor are also different.
According to different installation locations of the permanent magnet in the permanent magnet motor rotor, the rotor magnetic path of the permanent-magnet motor may generally be divided into three types including a surface type, a built-in type and a claw-pole type. The surface-type rotor magnetic path has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing cost. However, as the surface of the rotor may not be mounted with a starting winding, this type permanent-magnet motor does not have asynchronous starting capability. Furthermore, the rotor has worse mechanical strength, and the permanent magnet is easily broken at high rotation speed. The permanent magnet of the built-in type permanent-magnet motor rotor is positioned inside the rotor. According to the relationship between the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet and the rotation direction of the rotor, the magnetic path structure of the built-in type rotor can also be divided into three types including a radial type, a tangential type and a mixed type. Compared with the surface type rotor, the built-in permanent-magnet motor rotor may protect the permanent magnet with the lower mechanical properties. According to performance requirements of the permanent-magnet motor, the size of the permanent magnet may be tremendously increased. Therefore, the structure of the permanent-magnet motor rotor is currently widely used.
At present, the conventional permanent-magnet motor rotor generally adopts a rotor guide strip to fasten the rotor. However, there are still obvious problems of low mechanical strength, poor reliability, severe eddy current loss of the rotor surface, obvious magnetic flux leakage, etc. These hinder the development of the permanent-magnet motor with high power, high speed and large rotary diameter, and furthermore limit the application of the permanent-magnet motor on high-speed trains as a traction motor.
China patent application No. 201010513307.3 discloses a big-power permanent-magnet motor rotor and a method for mounting the rotor. Adopting a permanent-magnet embedded structure, the rotor consists of at least two rotor units along the axial direction. A magnet-separation groove along the rotor in the axial direction is opened and provided on an iron core between two adjacent permanent magnets of each rotor unit. A spacer made of a non-magnetic material is provided between the adjacent rotor units. An end plate is provided at two ends of the rotor unit. At least two rotor units are fixed through axially positioned tightening bolt.
The permanent-magnet rotor has the following disadvantages: 1. The centrifugal force stressed by a rotor pole shoe is born jointly by an end plate, the spacer and a positioning tightening bolt. That is, the positioning tightening bolt fixing the rotor unit needs to bear bending moment. When the rotor rotates at high speed, the centrifugal force is so large that the positioning tightening bolt is easily to be bended by the centrifugal force. That is, the rotor does not apply to the motor with high speed rotation. 2. Although the magnet-separation groove is opened and provided at the iron core, the iron core, between the adjacent permanent magnet, still has a connection part. The magnetic field of the permanent magnet of adjacent poles, through the direct communication of the iron core between the permanent magnets, causes magnetic flux leakage. That is, the structure cannot avoid magnetic flux leakage and has serious magnetic flux leakage. 3. The spacer is provided between two adjacent rotor units. The thickness of the spacer occupies the effective length of the rotor in the axial direction. When the number of the rotor units of the adopted rotor is increased and the thickness of the rotor spacer is increased, the effective length is dramatically reduced, thus affecting the electromagnetic properties of the rotor.
In order to overcome the above defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a permanent-magnet motor rotor, which may manufacture a motor with high mechanical strength and applicable for high-speed rotation.
A method for manufacturing a permanent-magnet motor rotor includes the following steps:
Furthermore, in Step 1): multiple laminations overlap to form the magnetic yoke unit.
Furthermore, in Step 1): the magnetic yoke unit is made of a ferromagnetic material plate with good magnetic property.
Furthermore, in Step 1): a flat key is provided on the rotary shaft; the rotor spacer and the rotor iron core are provided thereon with a rotary-shaft through hole allowing for penetration by the rotary shaft and a key slot matched with the flat key; the flat key is matched with the key slot to realize the circumferential positioning of the rotary shaft, the rotor iron core and the rotor spacer; and a shaft ring is provided on the rotary shaft to realize the circumferential positioning of the rotor iron core and the rotor spacer which are relative to the rotary shaft.
Furthermore, the permanent magnet between the rotor pole shoe and the rotor iron core is a single-block magnet.
Or multiple permanent magnets between the rotor pole shoe and the rotor iron core are jointed along the rotor axially to form a permanent magnet group; the permanent-magnet through hole on the rotor spacer corresponds to the permanent magnet one by one; and a placing strip is provided between the adjacent permanent-magnet through holes.
Furthermore, in Step 2): there is a smooth transition curve at the corner of the permanent-magnet through hole on the rotor spacer, thus lowering the stress concentration of the rotor spacer caused by the extrusion of the permanent magnet during rotation.
Furthermore, in Step 2): with finite element analysis, the rotor spacer is opened and provided thereon with a lightening hole reducing the weight of the rotor spacer and lowering the stress concentration; multiple lightening holes are uniformly distributed around each permanent-magnet through hole; multiple lightening holes around the same permanent magnet form one lightening-hole group; the lightening-hole groups are symmetrically distributed therebetween; and the lightening hole is a hole circled by a smooth curve.
The lightening hole is a circular hole, a kidney-shaped hole, or a polygonal hole with arc transition at its corner; and the lightening hole is mainly concentrated at the corner of the permanent-body through hole.
Furthermore, in Step 4): the upper end surface of the permanent magnet and the lower end surface of the rotor pole shoe are fitted; there is a metal glue between the permanent magnet and the rotor pole shoe; the lower surface of the permanent magnet and the rotor iron core are fitted; and there is the metal glue between the permanent magnet and the rotor iron core.
Furthermore, in Step 5): a lock washer is placed between the nut of an iron-core tightening bolt and the rotor iron core to prevent the nut of the iron-core tightening bolt from becoming loosed; or the thread fitting between the iron-core tightening bolt and the nut is coated therein with the metal glue to realize the tight connection between the iron-core tightening bolt and the nut;
Furthermore, in Step 7): when the front end cover and the rear end cover are installed, two ends of each pole-shoe tightening bolt are opened and provided with a mounting bolt hole; the front end cover and the rear end cover are respectively provided thereon with a fixing bolt hole corresponding to the pole-shoe tightening bolt one by one; the fixing bolt hole is aligned to a mounting bolt hole; and the bolt is inserted into the mounting bolt hole and fastened, thus completing the installation of the front end cover and the rear end cover.
Furthermore, in Step 7): after the front end cover and the rear end cover are installed, the gap between the rotor pole shoe and the rotor spacer is filled with a thermosetting polymer material, such as glass fiber reinforced plastics, epoxy resin, and so on.
The invention has the following conception: the rotor spacer divides a rotor structure into multiple rotor units in the axially direction of the rotor structure; magnetic isolation is carried out for the rotor pole shoe of the adjacent rotor units through the rotor spacer; In the same rotor unit, the rotor pole shoes are independent with each other and may not be in mutual communication, thus avoiding the magnetic flux leakage phenomenon.
The rotor structure is close to the pole-shoe tightening bolt and the iron-core tightening bolt to be tightened tightly. Two ends of the rotor pole shoe closely stand against two rotor spacers, respectively. The centrifugal force, stressing on the rotor pole shoe and the permanent magnet when the rotor structure rotates, is resisted by the friction between the rotor pole shoe and the rotor spacer. Two end surfaces of the rotor iron core closely stand against two the rotor spacers, respectively. The centrifugal force, stressing on the rotor pole shoe and the permanent magnet when the rotor structure rotates, is resisted by the friction between the rotor iron core and the rotor spacer. Meanwhile, the centrifugal force is also resisted by the mutual friction between the laminations of the rotor iron core, between the laminations of the rotor pole shoe and between the laminations of the rotor spacer. The friction between the rotor pole shoe and the rotor spacer is regulated based on the regulation of the tightening force of the pole-shoe tightening bolt. The pole-shoe tightening bolt only needs to bear the axial tensile force and does not need to bear the bending moment generated by the centrifugal force. The pole-shoe tightening bolt is not easy to be broken, and the rotor structure hence has long service life.
The invention has the following effects: 1. The centrifugal force, generated when the rotor structure rotates, is resisted by the friction between the rotor pole shoe and the spacer. The tightening bolt is not easy to be bended and broken. The rotor structure has a long service life. 2. The permanent magnet and the rotor iron core pass through the rotor spacer respectively. That is, the thickness of the rotor spacer does not occupy the axial length of the rotor structure. 3. The rotor pole shoes are independent with each other, thus avoiding magnetic flux leakage phenomenon.
Referring to
A method for manufacturing a permanent-magnet motor rotor includes the following steps:
The magnetic yoke unit A is made of a ferromagnetic material plate with good magnetic property.
A flat key 25 is provided on the rotary shaft 10. The rotor spacer 16 and the rotor iron core 15 are provided thereon with a rotary-shaft through hole allowing for penetration by the rotary shaft and a key slot matched with the flat key. The flat key 25 is matched with the key slot to realize the circumferential positioning of the rotary shaft as well as the rotor iron core 15 and the rotor spacer 16. A shaft ring 102 is provided on the rotary shaft 10 to realize the circumferential positioning of the rotor iron core 15 and the rotor spacer 16 which are relative to the rotary shaft.
The permanent magnet 13 between the rotor pole shoe 14 and the rotor iron core 15 s a single-block magnet. Or multiple permanent magnets 13 between the rotor pole shoe 14 and the rotor iron core 15 are jointed along the rotor axially to form a permanent magnet group. The permanent-magnet through hole 165 on the rotor spacer 16 corresponds to the permanent magnet 13 one by one. A placing strip is provided between the adjacent permanent-magnet through holes 165.
When the permanent magnet 13 is a single-block magnet, the first rotor spacer 16a is adopted. The structure of the first rotor spacer 16a is showed in
When the permanent magnet 13 is the permanent-magnet group, the second rotor spacer 16ba is adopted. The structure of the second rotor spacer is shown in
The analysis of the 2D magnetic path of the permanent-magnet motor rotor is shown as
The invention has the following conception: The rotor spacer 16 divides a rotor structure into multiple rotor units in the axially direction of the rotor structure. Magnetic isolation is carried out for the rotor pole shoe 14 of the adjacent rotor units through the rotor spacer 16. In the same rotor unit, the rotor pole shoes 14 are independent with each other and may not be in mutual communication, thus avoiding the magnetic flux leakage phenomenon.
The rotor structure is close to the pole-shoe tightening bolt 23 and the iron-core tightening bolt 24 to be tightened tightly. Two ends of the rotor pole shoe 14 closely stand against two rotor spacers 16, respectively. The centrifugal force, stressing on the rotor pole shoe 14 and the permanent magnet 13 when the rotor structure rotates, is resisted based on the friction between the rotor pole shoe 14 and the rotor spacer 16. Two end surfaces of the rotor iron core 15 closely stand against two the rotor spacers 16, respectively. The centrifugal force, stressing on the rotor pole shoe and the permanent magnet when the rotor structure rotates, is resisted by the friction between the rotor iron core 15 and the rotor spacer 16. Meanwhile, the centrifugal force is also resisted by the mutual friction between the laminations of the rotor iron core 15, between the laminations of the rotor pole shoe 14 and between the laminations of the rotor spacer 16. The friction between the rotor pole shoe 14 and the rotor spacer 16 is regulated based on the regulation of the tightening force of the pole-shoe tightening bolt 23. The pole-shoe tightening bolt only needs to bear the axial tensile force and does not need to bear the bending moment generated by the centrifugal force. The pole-shoe tightening bolt is not easy to be broken, and the rotor structure hence has a long service life.
The invention has the following effects: 1. The centrifugal force, generated when the rotor structure rotates, is resisted by the friction between the rotor pole shoe and the spacer. The pole-shoe tightening bolt is not easy to be bended and broken, and the rotor structure hence has a long service life. 2. The permanent magnet and the rotor iron core pass through the rotor spacer respectively. That is, the thickness of the rotor spacer does not occupy the axial length of the rotor structure. 3. The rotor pole shoes are independent with each other, thus avoiding magnetic flux leakage phenomenon.
Referring to
Compared with Example 1, this example has the following difference: when the rotor spacer 16 is manufactured in Step 2), with finite element analysis, the rotor spacer is opened and provided thereon with a lightening hole reducing the weight of the rotor spacer and lowering the stress concentration. Multiple lightening holes 166 are uniformly distributed around each permanent-magnet through hole 165. Multiple lightening holes 166 around the same permanent magnet 13 form one lightening-hole group; The lightening-hole groups are symmetrically distributed therebetween. The lightening hole 166 is a hole circled by a smooth curve.
The lightening hole 166 is a circular hole, a kidney-shaped hole, or a polygonal hole with arc transition at its corner. The lightening hole is mainly concentrated at the corner of the permanent-body through hole. The rest manufacturing steps are all the same.
two rotor spacers, provided with the lightening hole, are illustrated and described in the following:
The structure of the third rotor spacer 16c is showed in
The structure of the fourth rotor spacer 16d is showed in
With the lightening hole provided on the rotor spacer, not only the weight of the rotor structure is reduced but also the stress concentration caused by the extrusion of the permanent magnet during rotation may be reduced.
Referring
Compared with Example 2, this example has the following difference: in Step 7): when the front end cover 11 and the rear end cover 12 are installed, two ends of each pole-shoe tightening bolt are opened and provided with a mounting bolt hole. The front end cover 11 and the rear end cover 12 are respectively provided thereon with a fixing bolt hole corresponding to the pole-shoe tightening bolt 23 one by one. The fixing bolt hole is aligned to the mounting bolt hole. The bolt is inserted into the mounting bolt hole and fastened, thus completing the installation of the front end cover 11 and the rear end cover 12. The rest manufacturing steps are all the same.
The front end plate 11 and the rear end plate of the rotor are made of a thicker non-magnetic plate material or a thicker plate material with low magnetic permeability (for example, high-strength austenitic stainless steel, etc.). This not only may stabilize the rotor pole shoe 14, the rotor spacer 16 and the permanent magnet 13 but also may be taken as a de-weighting structure when the permanent motor rotor is carried out with balance modification. The tightening bolt 17 of the front end plate, through an external thread, is jointed with an inner thread hole 233 at the front end of the pole-shoe tightening bolt 23, thus facilitating the front end plate 11 and the pole-shoe tightening bolt 23 to be jointed with each other, and facilitating the inner side 112 of the front end plate 11 of the rotor to closely stand against the front side 147 of the rotor pole shoe 14 at the front end of the rotor. The outer surface of the back end of the pole-shoe tightening bolt 23 has the external thread 232. The external thread 232 is jointed with the nut of the pole-shoe tightening bolt to realize the fastening of the rotor pole shoe 14 and the rotor spacer 16. The lock washer is placed between the nut 20 of the pole-shoe tightening bolt and the rear side 148 of the rotor pole shoe at the back end of the rotor to prevent the nut of the pole-shoe tightening bolt from becoming loosed. Or the thread fitting between the external thread 232 of the pole-shoe tightening bolt 23 and the nut 20 of the pole-shoe tightening bolt is coated therein with the metal glue to realize the tight connection therebetween. The tightening bolt 18 of the back end plate, through the external thread, is jointed with an inner thread hole 231 at the back end of the pole-shoe tightening bolt 23, thus facilitating the back end plate 12 and the pole-shoe tightening bolt 23 to be jointed with each other, and facilitating the inner side 121 of the back end plate 12 of the rotor to closely stand against the back side 148 of the rotor pole shoe 14 at the back end of the rotor. A small gap is preserved between the inner hole 111 of the front end plate of the rotor and the shaft ring 102 of the rotor shaft 10, thus preventing the front end plate 11 and the rotor shaft 10 from being interfered during the assembly of the rotor.
The contents of the examples of the invention are only used for illustrating the implementation forms of the conception of the invention. The protection scope of the invention shall not be only regarded as the detailed forms of the examples. The protection scope of the invention shall be also based on an equal technical means thought by those persons skilled in the art according to the conception of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201210019996.1 | Jan 2012 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2012/074769 | 4/26/2012 | WO | 00 | 7/21/2014 |
