Patent Application
20240001620
The present application is based on, and claims priority from JP Application Serial Number 2022-105346, filed Jun. 30, 2022, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object, a three-dimensional shaping system, and an information processing device.
In relation to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object, JP-A-2021-511990 discloses that a second layer structure is formed on a first layer structure and a support structure, and then the support structure is removed to form an overhang structure.
In the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object, as described in JP-A-2021-511990, the support structure that supports the shaped object is shaped below the shaped object, so that shape deformation of the shaped object can be prevented and the shaped object can be accurately shaped. However, the inventors of the present application have found a problem that it is difficult to achieve both shaping accuracy of the shaped object and peelability of the support structure from the shaped object when shaping the support structures in contact with the shaped object from above and below, separately.
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object, in which a shaped object and a support structure that supports the shaped object are shaped by ejecting a material to laminate a layer in a laminating direction, is provided. The manufacturing method includes: a first step of shaping, based on support data generated according to a shaping condition, the support structure including a first support layer in contact with the shaped object from below and a second support layer in contact with the shaped object from above; and a second step of separating the first support layer and the second support layer from the shaped object. The shaping condition includes a shaping pattern selected from a plurality of shaping patterns. Data for shaping the first support layer and data for shaping the second support layer among the support data are generated based on the different shaping conditions.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a three-dimensional shaping system is provided. The three-dimensional shaping system includes: a shaping unit configured to shape, by ejecting a material to laminate a layer in a laminating direction, a shaped object and a support structure that supports the shaped object; and a control unit configured to control the shaping unit to shape a first support layer in contact with the shaped object from below, a second support layer in contact with the shaped object from above, and the shaped object based on support data generated according to a shaping condition. The shaping condition includes a shaping pattern selected from a plurality of shaping patterns. Data for shaping the first support layer and data for shaping the second support layer among the support data are generated based on the different shaping conditions.
According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, an information processing device is provided that generates support data used in a three-dimensional shaping device that shapes, by ejecting a material to laminate a layer in a laminating direction, a shaped object and a support structure that supports the shaped object.
The information processing device includes: a data generation unit configured to generate, according to a shaping condition, the support data for shaping a first support layer in contact with the shaped object from below and a second support layer in contact with the shaped object from above. The shaping condition includes a shaping pattern selected from a plurality of shaping patterns. The data generation unit is configured to generate, based on the different shaping conditions, data for shaping the first support layer and data for shaping the second support layer among the support data.
The three-dimensional shaping system 10 includes a three-dimensional shaping device 100 and an information processing device 400. The three-dimensional shaping device 100 according to the present embodiment is a device that shapes a shaped object by a material extrusion method. The three-dimensional shaping device 100 includes a control unit 300 that controls units of the three-dimensional shaping device 100. The control unit 300 and the information processing device 400 are communicably coupled to each other.
The three-dimensional shaping device 100 includes a shaping unit 110 that generates and ejects a shaping material, a shaping stage 210 serving as a base of a shaped object, and a moving mechanism 230 that controls an ejection position of the shaping material.
The shaping unit 110 ejects a shaping material obtained by plasticizing a material in a solid state onto the stage 210 under the control of the control unit 300. The shaping unit 110 includes a material supply unit 20 that is a supply source of a raw material before being converted into the shaping material, a plasticizing unit that converts the raw material into the shaping material, and an ejection unit 60 that ejects the shaping material.
The material supply unit 20 supplies a raw material MR to the plasticizing unit 30. The material supply unit 20 includes, for example, a hopper that accommodates the raw material MR. The material supply unit 20 is coupled to the plasticizing unit 30 via a communication path 22. The raw material MR is put into the material supply unit 20 in a form of pellets, powder, or the like. In the present embodiment, a pellet-shaped ABS resin material is used.
The plasticizing unit 30 plasticizes the raw material MR supplied from the material supply unit 20 to generate a paste-shaped shaping material exhibiting fluidity, and guides the shaping material to the ejection unit 60. In the present embodiment, the term “plasticization” is a concept including melting, and is a change from a solid state to a fluid state. Specifically, in a case of a material in which a glass transition occurs, the plasticization is to raise a temperature of the material to be equal to or higher than a glass transition point. In a case of a material in which the glass transition does not occur, the plasticization is to raise a temperature of the material to be equal to or higher than a melting point.
The plasticizing unit 30 includes a screw case 31, a driving motor 32, a flat screw 40, and a barrel 50. The flat screw 40 is also referred to as a rotor or a scroll. The barrel 50 is also referred to as a screw facing portion.
The flat screw 40 is accommodated in the screw case 31. An upper surface 47 of the flat screw 40 is coupled to the driving motor 32, and the flat screw 40 is rotated in the screw case 31 by a rotational driving force generated by the driving motor 32. The driving motor 32 is driven under the control of the control unit 300. The flat screw 40 may be driven by the driving motor 32 via a speed reducer.
Spiral groove portions 42 are formed on the lower surface 48 of the flat screw 40 which is a surface intersecting with the rotation axis RX. The communication path 22 of the material supply unit 20 communicates with the groove portions 42 from a side surface of the flat screw 40. In the present embodiment, three groove portions 42 are formed by being separated by ridge portions 43. The number of groove portions 42 is not limited to three, and may be one or two or more. A shape of the groove portion 42 is not limited to a spiral shape, may be a helical shape or an involute curve shape, or may be a shape extending in a manner of drawing an arc from a central portion toward an outer periphery.
As shown in
A barrel heater 58 for heating the raw material MR supplied into the groove portion 42 of the rotating flat screw 40 is embedded in the barrel 50. A communication hole 56 is provided at a center of the barrel 50.
The raw material MR supplied into the groove portions 42 of the flat screw 40 flows along the groove portions 42 by the rotation of the flat screw 40 while being plasticized in the groove portions 42, and is guided to a central portion 46 of the flat screw 40 as the shaping material. The paste-shaped shaping material that flows into the central portion 46 and exhibits fluidity is supplied to the ejection unit 60 via the communication hole 56 provided at a center of the barrel 50. In the shaping material, not all types of substances constituting the shaping material may be plasticized. The shaping material may be converted into a state having the fluidity as a whole by plasticizing at least some types of substances among the substances constituting the shaping material.
The ejection unit 60 in
The nozzle 61 is coupled to the communication hole 56 of the barrel 50 through the flow path 65. The nozzle 61 ejects the shaping material generated in the plasticizing unit 30 from the nozzle opening 62 at a tip end toward the stage 210.
The ejection control unit 77 includes an ejection adjustment unit 70 that opens and closes the flow path 65, and a suction unit 75 that sucks and temporarily stores the shaping material.
The ejection adjustment unit 70 is provided in the flow path 65, and changes an opening degree of the flow path 65 by rotating in the flow path 65. In the present embodiment, the ejection adjustment unit 70 is implemented by a butterfly valve. The ejection adjustment unit 70 is driven by a first driving unit 74 under the control of the control unit 300. The first driving unit 74 is implemented by, for example, a stepping motor. The control unit 300 can adjust a flow rate of the shaping material flowing from the plasticizing unit 30 to the nozzle 61, that is, an ejection amount of the shaping material ejected from the nozzle 61, by controlling a rotation angle of the butterfly valve using the first driving unit 74. The ejection adjustment unit 70 can adjust the ejection amount of the shaping material and can control ON/OFF of outflow of the shaping material.
The suction unit 75 is coupled between the ejection adjustment unit 70 in the flow path 65 and the nozzle opening 62. The suction unit 75 temporarily sucks the shaping material in the flow path 65 when the ejection of the shaping material from the nozzle 61 is stopped, thereby preventing a tailing phenomenon in which the shaping material drips from the nozzle opening 62 like pulling a thread. In the present embodiment, the suction unit 75 includes a plunger. The suction unit 75 is driven by a second driving unit 76 under the control of the control unit 300. The second driving unit 76 is implemented by, for example, a stepping motor, and a rack-and-pinion mechanism that converts a rotational force of the stepping motor into a translational motion of a plunger.
The stage 210 is disposed at a position facing the nozzle opening 62 of the nozzle 61. In the first embodiment, a shaping surface 211 of the stage 210 facing the nozzle opening 62 of the nozzle 61 is disposed to be parallel to the X and Y directions, that is, the horizontal direction. The stage 210 is provided with a stage heater 212 for preventing rapid cooling of the shaping material ejected onto the stage 210. The stage heater 212 is controlled by the control unit 300.
The moving mechanism 230 changes a relative position between the stage 210 and the nozzle 61 under the control of the control unit 300. In the present embodiment, a position of the nozzle 61 is fixed, and the moving mechanism 230 moves the stage 210. The moving mechanism 230 is implemented by a three-axis positioner that moves the stage 210 in three-axial directions of X, Y, and Z directions by driving forces of three motors. In the present description, unless otherwise specified, a movement of the nozzle 61 means moving the nozzle 61 or the ejection unit 60 with respect to the stage 210.
In another embodiment, instead of a configuration in which the stage 210 is moved by the moving mechanism 230, a configuration in which the moving mechanism 230 moves the nozzle 61 with respect to the stage 210 in a state where the position of the stage 210 is fixed may be adopted. A configuration in which the moving mechanism 230 moves the stage 210 in the Z direction and moves the nozzle 61 in the X and Y directions, or a configuration in which the moving mechanism 230 moves the stage 210 in the X and Y directions and moves the nozzle 61 in the Z direction may be adopted. With these configurations, a relative positional relationship between the nozzle 61 and the stage 210 can be changed.
The control unit 300 is a control device that controls an overall operation of the three-dimensional shaping device 100. The control unit 300 is implemented by a computer including one or a plurality of processors 310, a storage device 320 including a main storage device and an auxiliary storage device, and an input and output interface that receives and outputs a signal from and to the outside. By executing a program stored in the storage device 320, the processor 310 controls the shaping unit 110 and the moving mechanism 230 according to shaping data acquired from the information processing device 400 to shape a shaped object on the stage 210. Instead of being implemented by the computer, the control unit 300 may be implemented by a configuration in which circuits are combined.
The control unit 300 forms a layer ML by repeating the movement of the nozzle 61. After one layer ML is formed, the control unit 300 relatively moves the position of the nozzle 61 with respect to the stage 210 in the Z direction. Then, a layer ML is further laminated on the layer ML formed so far to shape the shaped object.
For example, the control unit 300 may temporarily interrupt the ejection of the shaping material from the nozzle 61 when the nozzle 61 is moved in the Z direction after one layer ML is completely formed or when there are a plurality of independent shaping regions in each layer. In this case, the flow path 65 is closed by the ejection adjustment unit 70, the ejection of the shaping material MM from the nozzle opening 62 is stopped, and the shaping material in the nozzle 61 is temporarily sucked by the suction unit 75. After changing the position of the nozzle 61, the control unit 300 causes the ejection adjustment unit 70 to open the flow path 65 while discharging the shaping material in the suction unit 75, thereby resuming deposition of the shaping material MM from the changed position of the nozzle 61.
The CPU 410 functions as a data generation unit 411 by executing a program stored in the storage device 430.
The data generation unit 411 generates support data for shaping a support structure including a first support layer in contact with the shaped object from below and a second support layer in contact with the shaped object from above. The data generation unit 411 generates, based on different shaping conditions, data for shaping the first support layer and data for shaping the second support layer among the support data. In the present embodiment, the data generation unit 411 also generates main body data for shaping a shaped object main body in addition to the support data.
The information processing device 400 transmits shaping data including the main body data and the support data generated by the data generation unit 411 to the control unit 300 of the three-dimensional shaping device 100. The control unit 300 controls the ejection unit 60 and the moving mechanism 230 according to the received shaping data to eject the material and laminate a layer in a laminating direction, thereby shaping, on the stage 210, a shaped object and a support layer that supports the shaped object.
In step S10, the data generation unit 411 of the information processing device acquires shape data representing a three-dimensional shape of the shaped object from another computer, a recording medium, or the storage device 430. The shape data is data representing a shape of a three-dimensional shaped object created using three-dimensional CAD software, three-dimensional CG software, or the like. As the shape data, for example, data in an STL format or an AMF format can be used.
In step S20, the data generation unit 411 receives setting of shaping conditions related to the support structure from a user. The user operates a setting screen displayed on the display device 480 using the input device 470 to set the shaping conditions.
The first support structure SC1 includes a first support layer SL1, a body layer BL, and a second support layer SL2. The first support layer SL1 is a layer in contact with the shaped object MD from below. The second support layer SL2 is a layer in contact with the shaped object MD from above. The body layer BL is a layer sandwiched between the first support layer SL1 and the second support layer SL2. The second support structure SC2 includes the first support layer SL1, the body layer BL, and a base layer BS. The base layer BS is in contact with the lowermost surface LS. The body layer BL of the second support structure SC2 is a layer sandwiched between the first support layer SL1 and the base layer BS. It can also be said that the first support layer SL1 is a layer in contact with the shaped object MD above the body layer BL. It can also be said that the second support layer SL2 is a layer in contact with the shaped object MD below the body layer BL.
On the setting screen SS shown in
The “line width” is an item for designating a width of the shaping material ejected from the nozzle 61.
The “lamination pitch” is an item for designating a height of each layer.
The “number of layers” is an item for designating the number of layers constituting each of the first support layer SL1, the second support layer SL2, and the base layer BS.
The “shaping pattern” is an item for designating a pattern indicating a movement path of the nozzle 61 for filling an interior region of each layer.
The “filling rate” is an item for designating an area ratio of filling the interior region with the designated shaping pattern.
The number of rounds of “contour” is an item for designating the number of rounds for forming a contour of the layer.
The “separation distance” is an item that can be set for the first support layer SL1 and the second support layer SL2, and is an item for designating a distance of a gap GP1 between the first support layer SL1 and the shaped object MD in a vertical direction and a distance of a gap GP2 between the second support layer SL2 and the shaped object MD in the vertical direction shown in
Among the shaping conditions shown in
In step S30 in
In step S40, the data generation unit 411 generates shaping data including the main body data and the support data.
In generating the main body data, the data generation unit 411 analyzes the shape data acquired in step S10 and slices the shape of the shaped object MD into a plurality of layers along an XY plane. The data generation unit 411 generates movement path information representing a movement path of the nozzle 61 for forming the contour of each layer and filling the interior region with a predetermined filling rate or shaping pattern. The movement path information includes data representing a plurality of linear movement paths. Each movement path included in the movement path information includes ejection amount information representing an ejection amount of the shaping material ejected in the movement path. The data generation unit 411 generates the movement path information and the ejection amount information for all the layers of the shaped object MD to generate the main body data. The main body data is represented by, for example, a G code.
In generating the support data, the data generation unit 411 generates the support structure SC in which the first support layer SL1 and the second support layer SL2 are separated from the shaped object MD by the separation distance included in the shaping condition for the support region determined in step S30. The data generation unit 411 slices the first support layer SL1, the body layer BL, the second support layer SL2, and the base layer BS into a plurality of layers along the XY plane according to the lamination pitch and the number of layers included in the shaping condition. The data generation unit 411 generates movement path information for shaping the first support layer SL1, the body layer BL, the second support layer SL2, and the base layer BS according to the line width, the shaping pattern, the filling rate, and the number of rounds of the contour included in the shaping condition. Each movement path included in the movement path information includes ejection amount information representing an ejection amount of the shaping material ejected in the movement path. The data generation unit 411 generates the support data by generating the movement path information and the ejection amount information for all the layers of the support structure SC. The support data is represented by, for example, a G code, similar to the main body data.
In step S50 in
In step S60, the control unit 300 shapes, according to the shaping data acquired from the information processing device 400, the shaped object MD and the support structure SC on the shaping surface 211 of the stage 210 by controlling the ejection unit 60 and the moving mechanism 230. In the support structure SC, the first support layer SL1 and the second support layer SL2 are shaped in different shaping patterns selected on the setting screen SS in
In step S70, the support structure is separated from the shaped object. The support structure may be cut by a cutting device provided in the three-dimensional shaping device 100. Step S70 is also referred to as a second step.
According to the first embodiment described above, in the support structure SC, the first support layer SL1 in contact with the shaped object MD from below and the second support layer SL2 in contact with the shaped object MD from above are shaped by different shaping patterns. Therefore, by selecting a shaping pattern (for example, the shaping pattern C in
In the present embodiment, as the shaping condition for shaping the support structure SC, in addition to the shaping pattern, at least one of (1) a condition related to the separation distance between the first support layer SL1 or the second support layer SL2 and the shaped object MD, (2) a condition related to the filling rates of the first support layer SL1 and the second support layer SL2, (3) a condition related to the lamination pitches of the first support layer SL1 and the second support layer SL2, (4) a condition related to the line widths of the first support layer SL1 and the second support layer SL2, and (5) a condition of the number of layers of the first support layer SL1 and the second support layer SL2 can be set. Therefore, the first support layer SL1 and the second support layer SL2 can be shaped under various different shaping conditions, and thus it is easy to achieve both the shaping accuracy of the shaped object MD and the peelability of the support structure SC. For example, the first support layer SL1 and the second support layer SL2 may have the same shaping pattern and different shaping conditions other than the shaping pattern, thereby achieving both the shaping accuracy of the shaped object MD and the peelability of the support structure SC.
In the present embodiment, since the first support layer SL1 or the second support layer SL2 can be shaped with the contour region and the interior region, the support structure SC can be easily separated from the shaped object MD along the contour region. For example, when the contour region is not formed in the support layer, the shaping pattern for shaping the interior region of the support layer may be brought into contact with the shaped object so as to bite into the shaped object. On the other hand, when the contour region is formed in the support layer, such biting can be prevented, and thus the support structure SC can be easily separated from the shaped object.
In the present embodiment, the shaping speed of the interior region is set to be higher than the shaping speed of the contour region during the shaping of the support structure SC. Therefore, a shaping time of the support structure SC can be shortened while ensuring the shaping accuracy of the contour region. In another embodiment, the shaping speed of the interior region and the shaping speed of the contour region may be the same speed, or the shaping speed of the interior region may be slower than the shaping speed of the contour region.
For example, by predetermining a filling rate of the second support layer SL2 to be smaller than a filling rate of the first support layer SL1, in step S40 in
For example, by generating the support data SD such that a separation distance between the second support layer SL2 and the shaped object MD is greater than a separation distance between the first support layer SL1 and the shaped object MD in step S40 in
In addition, for example, the adhesion strength between the second support layer SL2 and the shaped object MD can be made lower than the adhesion strength between the first support layer SL1 and the shaped object MD by making a line width of the second support layer SL2 larger than a line width of the first support layer SL1 or making a lamination pitch of the second support layer SL2 larger than a lamination pitch of the first support layer SL1.
The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, and may be implemented by various configurations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, in order to solve a part or all of problems described above, or to achieve a part or all of effects described above, technical characteristics in the embodiments corresponding to technical characteristics in aspects to be described below can be replaced or combined as appropriate. Any of the technical features can be appropriately deleted unless the technical feature is described as essential herein.
According to such an aspect, the first support layer in contact with the shaped object from above and the second support layer in contact with the shaped object from below in the support structure can be shaped with different shaping patterns, and thus both the shaping accuracy of the shaped object and the peelability of the support structure from the shaped object can be easily achieved.
The present disclosure is not limited to the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object, the three-dimensional shaping system, and the information processing device, and can be implemented in various forms such as a computer program, and a non-transitory tangible recording medium in which a computer program is recorded in a computer-readable manner.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-105346 | Jun 2022 | JP | national |
