Patent Application
20150354429
The present invention relates to a method for determining fluid quality. In particular it relates to a method for sensing urea concentration/quality in a urea solution stored in a tank of a SCR system.
Legislation on vehicle and heavy goods vehicle emissions stipulates, amongst other things, a reduction in the release of nitrogen oxides NO into the atmosphere. One known way to achieve this objective is to use the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) process which enables the reduction of nitrogen oxides by injection of a reducing agent, generally ammonia, into the exhaust line.
This ammonia may derive from the pyrolytic decomposition of an ammonia precursor solution, whose concentration may be the eutectic concentration. Such an ammonia precursor is generally a urea solution.
With the SCR process, the high levels of NOx produced in the engine during combustion at optimized efficiency are treated in a catalyst after exiting the engine. This treatment requires the use of the reducing agent at a precise concentration and of extreme quality. The solution is thus accurately metered and injected into the exhaust gas stream where it is hydrolysed before converting the nitrogen oxide (NOx) to nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O).
In order to do this, it is necessary to equip the vehicles with a tank containing an additive solution (generally an aqueous urea solution) and also a device for metering the desired amount of additive and injecting it into the exhaust line.
It is important to be able to measure urea concentration to ensure that the fluid in the tank is urea of acceptable concentration.
SCR systems today implement quality sensor technology. The introduction of a urea quality sensor into the SCR system ensures that a specific quality of urea can be injected into the exhaust line. It also reduces the risk of tampering or accidental mis-filling and helps ensure compliance, thus satisfying concerns of users and legislators alike.
Several urea quality sensors have been proposed.
For example, application US2008/280371 describes a urea quality sensor based on ultrasound speed (acoustic resonator) in the urea liquid. The speed of sound in urea solution can be used to measure the concentration, since the speed of sound in urea solution changes with the molecular weight of the urea solution. The change in the molecular weight of the urea solution, affects sound speed proportionally.
Other known urea quality sensors are based on capacitance or radiofrequency technology.
One shortcoming of these known urea quality sensors is that they generally require significant amount of packaging space. Moreover, it is difficult to place and use such a urea quality sensor in existing SCR systems where there is no dedicated space and dedicated electrical connections for the sensor. Another limitation is that the use of a urea quality sensor leads to the increase of the overall cost of the SCR system.
There is a need for a method that allows determining accurately the urea concentration in the urea solution for the satisfactory operation of the SCR process and that is compatible (i.e. usable) with all existing SCR systems.
It is, therefore, one aspect of the present invention to provide for a method for determining, with enhanced accuracy and simplicity, the quality of a urea solution.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide for a method for monitoring urea concentration in a urea solution stored in a tank of a SCR system, said system comprising a pump driven by a motor and the pressure of the pump is controlled by a controller. The method comprises the steps of:
It should be noted that depending on the type of pump and the regulation thereof, the parameter characteristic of the energy transmitted by the motor to the pump may be the rotational speed (for a rotary pump), the frequency (for a reciprocating pump), the current, the voltage, the torque, . . . or any combination of these parameters.
In a particular embodiment, it is measured the following set of parameters:
the pump outlet fluid pressure, the pump fluid temperature (i.e. temperature of fluid inside the pump or temperature of fluid entering or exiting the pump), the pump motor current, the pump motor supply voltage, and the pump speed.
In a particular embodiment, the parameters are measured and compared according to a time sequence or condition based sequence.
In one example, a first set of parameters is measured at a first time and a second set of parameters is measured at a second later time. Then, the first and second sets of parameters are compared to a look up table or a model (as described hereafter) in order to determine a urea concentration value.
The pump to which the invention applies is a pump, preferably a positive-displacement pump, driven by a motor and the operation of which is generally controlled by a controller. It is preferably a rotary pump (gear or gerotor pump type) and hence generally comprises a stator and a rotor and can preferably operate in two opposite rotational directions, one generally corresponding to supplying the feed line with liquid and the other generally corresponding to a purge of the feed line. Preferably, the pump is a rotary pump and the parameter value characteristic of the energy transmitted by the motor to the pump is the pump rotational speed value. The invention hence gives good results with a gear pump.
In a particular embodiment, the rotational speed of the pump is measured by a Hall effect or other type of speed sensor.
In a preferred embodiment, the rotational speed of the pump is estimated by using back Electro-Motive Force (EMF) method. The back EMF method is well known in the art and is not further described hereafter.
Any type of electric motor may be suitable for driving the pump. Preferably, in the case of a gear pump, the motor is of the BLDC (brushless direct current) motor type. In this case, the pump is driven by a magnetic coupling between the rotor of the pump and the stator of the motor.
Preferably the gear pump is pressure regulated. In a particular embodiment, the controller is connected to a pressure sensor. This arrangement forms a closed loop pressure control mechanism. The controller compares, in a loop, a given pressure setpoint value with the value measured by the sensor and consequently acts on the rotational speed of the pump in order to attempt to stabilize the pressure at the pressure setpoint value.
The controller of the pump is a control module (generally comprising a PID regulator and a motor rotational speed controller) and an electric power supply unit which preferably supplies the motor with the power required to operate it at the desired speed and which enables its direction of rotation to be reversed, where necessary.
Preferably, the pump is also controlled by a PWM-type signal. Most particularly, an ECM (Electronic Control Module) sends, to the pump controller, a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control signal having a duty cycle that varies as a function of the desired operating conditions for the pump and according to which the controller acts on the motor to apply said operating conditions to the pump.
As explained previously, the present invention is applied to a SCR system, the purpose of which is to inject a pollution-control liquid into the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. Such a system generally comprises at least one tank for storing said liquid and a feed line enabling said liquid to be conveyed to the injector using the pump (placed in this line therefore). One liquid to which the present invention applies particularly well is urea.
The term “urea” is understood to mean any, generally aqueous, solution containing urea. The invention gives good results with eutectic water/urea solutions for which there is a standard quality: for example, according to the standard DIN 70070, in the case of the AdBlue® solution (commercial solution of urea), the urea concentration is between 31.8% and 33.2% (by weight) (i.e. 32.5 +/−0.7 wt %) hence an available amount of ammonia between 18.0% and 18.8%. The invention may also be applied to the urea/ammonium formate mixtures, also in aqueous solution, sold under the trade name Denoxium™ and of which one of the compositions (Denoxium-30) contains an equivalent amount of ammonia to that of the Adblue® solution.
In one variant of the invention, the pump intentionally meters a too great amount of liquid, the excess of which is returned to the tank, for example using a return (or bypass) line equipped with a calibrated valve or a calibrated orifice. When no urea is injected into the exhaust gases of an engine, this variant makes it possible to cool the pump. Alternatively, the return line may start from the injector and it then makes it possible to cool said injector.
In another variant of the invention, the feed line is purged after each use of the pump (just before it is shut down) in order to reduce the starting time of the system and avoid prematurely damaging the lines (as the urea solutions expand when it freezes). The purge may be carried out, for example, by reversing the rotational direction of the pump just for the time necessary to convey the liquid contained in the feed line back to the tank.
As regards the return line, if present, it generally has a relatively low volume and therefore, if it is heated, it should not be purged while the pump is stopped. Therefore, to prevent the liquid from going round in circles in the loop defined by the feed line and the return line during the purge when this is carried out by reversing the rotational direction of the pump, it is advantageous to equip the return line with a non-return valve.
According to the invention, the monitoring of the urea concentration is carried out without disrupting the normal operation of the SCR system, i.e. the system constantly responds to a signal (generally transmitted by the onboard computer and/or the engine control unit (or ECU) and/or an electronic control module (ECM) specific to the SCR system that has an interface with the ECU) including information relating to the amount of urea solution that it is necessary to inject into the exhaust gases for controlling the pollution thereof and it is not necessary to initiate a test sequence which could significantly disrupt this operation.
In a preferred embodiment, the method includes generating a look-up table of pump rotational speed values versus urea concentration values. Preferably, such speed values are absolute or relative speed variations. Thereafter, the pump rotational speed value is compared to the look-up table in order to determine the urea concentration value. Preferably, the look-up table includes pump rotational speed values versus urea concentration values for a range of temperatures. For example, if the urea concentration falls outside a predetermined operating range or a predetermined threshold value(s), a signal can be sent to the onboard computer and/or the ECU and/or the ECM. In one example, if the urea concentration is lower than 26.5%, then a signal is sent to the ECU. In another example, the operating range may be set at 32.5 +/−5%.
In another particular embodiment, the method includes generating a model that gives the relationship between pump rotational speed and pump pressure. Advantageously, this model is generated as a function of the measured pump fluid temperature and the pump ageing. In other words, the model evolves in function of the pump fluid temperature and the lifetime of the pump.
In addition, the method of the present invention can be used in order to identify the solution is urea.
In a variant embodiment, the measurement technique of the present invention (measurement of urea concentration based, for example, on pump speed) can be used in combination with a sensor configured for measuring urea concentration. As it will be described later on, this sensor can also be configured for measuring the level of urea solution in the tank. Preferably, the sensor is an ultrasonic sensor. Other types of senor can be used, especially capacitance sensor. The idea behind this combination is to use the calculated (i.e. determined) urea concentration value and the measured urea concentration value for calibration and diagnostic purposes. In one advantageous embodiment, the measured urea concentration value can be used as a reference for calibrating the calculated urea concentration value. In this particular case, the measured urea concentration value allows, for example, to compensate for ageing of the system (pump wear, filter plugging, motor, . . . ). In another advantageous embodiment, the calculated urea concentration value can be compared to the measured urea concentration value in order to check the plausibility of the calculated value. For example, if the difference between the calculated value and the measured value is greater than a predetermined threshold value, then a signal can be sent to the ECU and/or corrective actions can be initiated (for example, calibrating/recalculating the values of the look-up table). In another advantageous embodiment, the calculated urea concentration value can be compared to the measured urea concentration value in order to detect whether the sensor is functioning normally or whether the sensor is malfunctioning.
It is a further aspect of the present invention to provide for a SCR system comprising:
The present invention is illustrated, in a non limitative way, by the accompanying
The same reference numerals are used to indicate the same elements (or functionally-similar elements) throughout the separate
The SCR system comprises a urea tank (1) containing a urea solution. The urea tank (1) is equipped with the following components:
The urea solution is conveyed by the action of a pump (7) towards an injector (12) located in a line (11) for discharging the exhaust gases of the engine of the vehicle, upstream of a SCR catalyst (17). The pump (7) is driven by a BLDC motor (15) and which is controlled by a controller (non illustrated). The controller can receive a signal (relative to the outlet pressure of the pump) measured by a pressure sensor (10) and a signal (relative to the rotational speed of the pump) measured by a speed sensor (8). For example, the control of the rotational speed of the motor (15) is achieved by sending, to the motor (15), a given voltage which may be in the form of a PWM voltage so that the outlet pressure of the pump follows a given pressure setpoint value. The SCR system comprises a non-return valve (16) that enables the pressure at the pump outlet to be regulated. The SCR system also comprises a heating filament (9) for the feed line and pump. The SCR system further comprises a return (or bypass) line equipped with:
A look-up table of pump rotational speed values versus urea concentration values can then be generated based on these speed/concentration measurements. For example, the look-up table can be stored in a memory comprised in the engine control unit (ECU) for use in the operation logic described below with reference to
The ECU includes a series of computer-executable instructions, as described below, which will allow the ECU to determine the concentration of the urea solution based on a rotational speed value of the pump. These instructions may reside, for example, in a RAM of the ECU. Alternatively, the instructions may be contained on a data storage device with a computer readable medium (for example, USB key or CD-ROM).
In an advantageous embodiment, the pump (7) and other components of the SCR system can be integrated in one module (called hereafter delivery module).
Preferably, the level sensor (2) is an ultrasonic sensor (piezo transducer). Advantageously, the ultrasonic sensor can be configured to measure both the level of urea solution in the tank and the urea concentration. Using ultrasonic technology is advantageous since it is a non-contact technology, meaning that it is possible not to have a through hole in the module, thus eliminate a potential leak path. Also, the ultrasonic level measurement can measure the full fluid height. Also, ultrasonic technology allows measuring level and concentration with a single sensor. In another embodiment, the ultrasonic sensor can be replaced by a capacitance sensor.
In a particular arrangement, the ultrasonic sensor can be mounted and positioned at the bottom of the delivery module in a manner such that it can take a horizontal measurement. However, this arrangement requires a significant amount of space in the tank and is expensive.
In a preferred arrangement, the ultrasonic sensor is mounted and positioned at the bottom of the delivery module in a manner such that it can take a vertical measurement. This preferred arrangement is illustrated in
Referring to
Referring to
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13176567.9 | Jul 2013 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP14/51741 | 1/29/2014 | WO | 00 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61758410 | Jan 2013 | US |
