Patent Grant
9187957
The present invention generally relates to an apparatus, a system and a method for motion compensation using wired drill pipe. The wired drill pipe may transmit measurements from downhole tools to the surface and control signals from a terminal located at the surface to the downhole tools. The measurements and the control messages may enable the drill string to compensate for motion, such as, for example, heave. To obtain hydrocarbons in water environments, a wellbore may be drilled in a subsea floor using a drill string lowered from a floating platform, such as, for example, a drilling ship or a floating rig. The drill string is a continuous length of pipe made by connecting segments of pipe end to end. The drill string may be suspended from the floating platform by a hoisting system. The drill string is driven into the subsea floor to form the wellbore through which the hydrocarbons are extracted. A drill bit is attached at a lower end of the drill string, and a bottom hole assembly (BHA) is located proximate to the drill bit.
The BHA consists of tools which generate and/or obtain measurements related to wellbore operations, such as, for example, drift of the drill bit, inclination and azimuth. For example, it is known in the art to use “wireline” conveyable well logging instruments using drill pipe as the conveyance. Such conveyance is used where gravity alone is insufficient to move the logging instruments along the wellbore when conveyed by armored electrical cable (“wireline”). Such conveyance has particular application in highly inclined wellbores. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,276 issued to Martain et al.
It is also known in the art to use “logging while drilling” (“LWD”) instruments. LWD instruments are disposed in one or more drill collars which are thick-walled segments of pipe having threaded connections at the longitudinal ends of the segments. The collars are coupled into the drill string such that lowering the drill string into the wellbore moves the LWD instruments past formations adjacent to the drill string. The sensors of the LWD instruments may obtain measurements of selected properties of the formations.
The floating platform intermittently moves up and down as a result of wave motion, known to one having ordinary skill in the art as “heave.” The heave of the floating platform creates difficulties in conducting the wellbore operations and may require that the wellbore operations cease. For example, the heave of the floating platform may damage the drill string and the tools connected to the drill string.
More specifically, the distance between the floating platform and the subsea floor may be variable due to the heave of the floating platform. Therefore, upward movement of the floating platform induced by the heave may raise the drill string in the wellbore, and downward movement of the floating platform may lower the drill string in the wellbore. Raising and lowering the drill string in response to the heave may damage the drill string and the tools. For example, raising the drill string may impart tensile stress to the drill string, and lowering the drill string may impart compressive stress to the drill string.
In addition, the heave may prevent the drill bit from maintaining a position at the bottom of the wellbore. For example, each time a wave raises the floating platform, the floating platform may pull the drill bit in an upward direction, and each time a wave lowers the floating platform, the floating platform may push the drill bit in a downward direction. Thus, the heave may vary the weight-on-bit, may lift the drill bit away from the bottom of the borehole, and may damage the drill bit by forcing the drill bit against the bottom of the borehole.
Accordingly, a failure to effectively respond to the heave may be costly. The heave may create a need to replace or repair the drill string and the tools and may ultimately decrease hydrocarbon production from the wellbore operations.
Technology for transmitting information from the tools while the tools are located within the wellbore, known as telemetry technology, is used to transmit the measurements from the tools of the BHA to the floating platform for analysis. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,641,434 and 6,866,306 to Boyle et al. both assigned to the assignee of the present application and incorporated by reference in their entireties, describe a wired drill pipe joint that is a significant advance in the wired drill pipe art for reliably transmitting measurement data in high-data rates, bidirectionally, between a surface station and locations in the wellbore. The '434 patent and the '306 patent disclose a low-loss wired pipe joint in which conductive layers reduce signal energy losses over the length of the drill string by reducing resistive losses and flux losses at each inductive coupler. The wired pipe joint is robust in that the wired pipe joint remains operational in the presence of gaps in the conductive layer. Advances in the drill string telemetry art provide opportunity for innovation where prior shortcomings of range, speed, and data rate have previously been limiting on system performance. Accordingly, wired drill pipe may enable rapid transmission of signals that may be used for improved motion compensation.
The present invention generally relates to an apparatus, a system and a method for motion compensation using wired drill pipe. The wired drill pipe may transmit measurements from downhole tools to the surface and control signals from a terminal located at the surface to the downhole tools. In response to the control signals transmitted by the wired drill pipe, a slip joint may enable the drill string to compensate for motion, such as, for example, heave. A motion compensation component may be connected to the tool string and may be capable of compensating for heave. For example, a control signal may be transmitted from the surface to activate the motion compensation component to compensate for heave.
Referring now to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts,
The wellbore 18 may extend through subsurface formations 11. The drill string 20 may be formed by joints 22 of drill pipe connected to each other. The drill string 20 may have a drill bit 12 which may be located at the lower end of the drill string 20. If the drill bit 12 is axially urged into the subsurface formations 11 at the bottom of the wellbore 18 and/or rotated by equipment, such as, for example, a top drive 26 located on the drilling rig 24, the drill bit 12 may axially extend the wellbore 18. The top drive 26 may be substituted in other embodiments by a swivel, a kelly, a kelly bushing, a rotary table and/or the like. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to use with top drive drilling systems.
During drilling of the wellbore 18, a pump 32 may lift drilling fluid 30 from a drilling fluid tank 28. The pump 32 may direct the drilling fluid 30 under pressure through a standpipe 34, a flexible hose 35 and/or the top drive 26 and into an interior passage (not shown separately in
Referring to
Tools 200 may be associated with the drill string 20. The tools 200 may measure, may record and/or may transmit data acquired from and/or through the wellbore 18 (hereinafter “the data”). The data may relate to the drill string 20, the wellbore 18 and/or the formation 11 that surrounds the wellbore 18. For example, the data may relate to one or more characteristics of the formation 11, the borehole 30 and/or the drill string 20. In a preferred embodiment, the data may indicate an inclination and/or an azimuth. The data may be measured and/or may be obtained at predetermined time intervals, at predetermined depths, at request by a user and/or the like. The present invention is not limited to a specific embodiment of the data.
One or more of the tools 200 may be, for example, logging while drilling (“LWD”) instruments 10, measuring while drilling (“MWD”) instruments, or other instruments or tools as known in the art. The LWD instruments 10 may have a pressure sensor 14 which may be configured to measure pressure in the annular space between the drill string 20 and the wall of the wellbore 18.
In an embodiment, a telemetry unit (not shown) may modulate the flow of the drilling fluid 30 through the drill string 20. Such modulation may cause pressure variations in the drilling fluid 30 that may be detected at the surface by a pressure transducer 36. The pressure transducer 36 may be located at a selected position between the outlet of the pump 32 and the top drive 26 as shown in
Referring again to
A portion of the drill string 20 may comprise wired drill pipe 100 having one or more wired drill pipe joints 110 (hereafter “the WDP joints 110”). The WDP joints 110 may be interconnected to form the drill string 20. The wired drill pipe 100 may enable the tools 200 to communicate with the terminal 38 with a signal communication conduit communicatively coupled at each end of each of the WDP joints 110. For example, the wired drill pipe 100 preferably has an electrical and/or optical conductor extending at least partially within the drill pipe with inductive couplers positioned at the ends of each of the WDP joints 110. The wired drill pipe 100 permits communication of the data from the tools 200 to the terminal 38. Examples of wired drill pipe that may be used in the present invention are described in detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,641,434 and 6,866,306 to Boyle et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,021 to Madhavan et al. and U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2009/0166087 to Braden et al. assigned to the assignee of the present application and incorporated by reference in their entireties. The present invention is not limited to a specific embodiment of the wired drill pipe 100 and/or the WDP joints 110. The wired drill pipe 100 may be any telemetry system capable of transmitting the data from the tools 200 and transmitting the control signals to the tools 200 as known to one having ordinary skill in the art.
The drill string 20 may have signal repeaters 22A located at selected positions along the length of the drill string 20. The signal repeaters 22A may receive and re-transmit signals communicated in either direction along the drill string 20. Accordingly, the signal repeaters 22A may ensure sufficient signal amplitude for the tools 200 to detect signals transmitted to and from the terminal 38 using the wired drill pipe 100. An example of a structure for the signal repeaters 22A is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,224,288 to Hall et al. The signal repeaters 22A may or may not be needed, depending on, among other factors, the depth of the wellbore 18. Therefore, the present invention may operate in the presence or the absence of the signal repeaters 22A.
The well-logging instrument string 113 may have various devices, such as, for example, an induction resistivity instrument 116, a gamma ray sensor 114 and/or a formation fluid sample taking device discussed in more detail in reference to
An adapter sub 112 may connect the well-logging instrument string 113 to the wired drill pipe 100 to enable transmission of the data to the terminal 38. Alternatively, the well-logging instrument string 113 may connect directly to the wired drill pipe 100. The present invention is not limited to specific embodiments of the devices of the well-logging instrument string 113.
The adapter sub 112 may provide a mechanical coupling between the lowermost threaded connection on the drill string 20 and an uppermost connection on the well-logging instrument string 113. The mechanical coupling is explained in more detail hereafter in reference to
Referring to
During drilling, the fluid pressure measurements may be observed, and variations of the fluid pressure measurements from the expected annulus pressure may indicate that formation fluid has entered the wellbore 18 and/or that the drilling fluid 30 has entered one or more of the subsurface formations 11. For example, reduced annulus pressure may be a result of influx of gas from a particular formation. If the terminal 38 observes such changes in the annulus pressure, corrective action may be automatically taken by the terminal 38. The terminal 38 may automatically change one or more drilling operating parameters, such as, for example, by increasing the density of the drilling fluid 30 to avoid further influx of gas and/or by changing the operating rate of the pump 32.
As another example, an equivalent circulating density (hereinafter “the ECD”) of the drilling fluid 30 may be calculated based on the fluid pressure measurements. The ECD may be based on the density of the drilling fluid 30, the flow rate of the drilling fluid 30, the viscosity of the drilling fluid 30 and/or the amount of suspended drill cuttings in the drilling fluid 30. In this example, the ECD may be calculated during drilling by communicating the fluid pressure measurements to the terminal 38 using the wired drill pipe 100. The ECD changing by more than a threshold amount may indicate that the drilling fluid 30 is too laden with drill cuttings, in which case drilling is progressing too quickly, and/or may indicate that the drilling fluid 30 has insufficient drill cuttings, in which case drilling is progressing too slowly. In either case, the rate of release of the drill string 20 may be controlled, and/or the rate at which the pump 32 is operated may be controlled to cause the ECD to remain at a selected value or within a selected operating range.
One or more of the tools 200 may be designed to operate in two or more positions relative to the drill string 20 (hereinafter “a movable tool”). A tool positioner (not shown) may mechanically connect the movable tool to the drill string 20. The tool positioner may be, for example, a passive tool positioner which may position the movable tool according to gravity and/or an active tool positioner which may position the movable tool using mechanical means, such as, for example, hydraulic means, and/or electromechanical means, such as, for example, an electromagnetic field. The present invention is not limited to a specific embodiment of the tool positioner.
A portion of the data transmitted to the terminal 38 using the wired drill pipe 100 may indicate a position and/or an orientation of the movable tool, such as, for example, an inclination and/or an azimuth. In response to receiving the position and/or the orientation of the tools 200, the terminal 38 may automatically adjust a trajectory and/or a rotation of the drill string 20 as disclosed in U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2009/0000823 to Pirovolou and U.S. Patent App. Pub. No. 2008/0083564 to Collins, respectively, both assigned to the assignee of the present application and incorporated by reference in their entireties. In response to receiving the position and/or the orientation of the movable tool, the terminal 38 may automatically adjust the position of the movable tool.
The control signals transmitted from the terminal 38 may relate to the position of the movable tool. For example, the terminal 38 may transmit one or more of the control signals to the tool positioner using the wired drill pipe 100. The terminal 38 may automatically transmit the one or more of the control signals to the tool positioner in response to the data received from the tools 200. The tool positioner may adjust the position of the movable tool based on the one or more of the control signals sent by the terminal 38 to the tool positioner using the wired drill pipe 100. For example, the tool positioner may be a clutch device which may respond to a first control signal by allowing the movable tool to move and/or may respond to a second control signal by preventing the movable tool from moving. The terminal 38 may use the one or more control signals to direct the tool positioner to adjust a position of and/or align a sensor, a servicing tool, completion equipment, a liner, a screen, drainage equipment and/or the like. The terminal 38 may use the one or more control signals to steer and/or service the drill string 20.
Referring again to
In an embodiment, downhole stress sensors 126 may be located in the wellbore 18 as generally shown in
Referring to
The downhole stress sensors 126 may transmit the downhole stress measurements to the terminal 38 using the wired drill pipe 100. A portion of the data transmitted to the terminal 38 by the wired drill pipe 100 may be the downhole stress measurements. The downhole stress sensors 126 may transmit the downhole stress measurements to the downhole processor 127. For example, the downhole stress sensors 126 may transmit the downhole stress measurements to the downhole processor 127 using the wired drill pipe 100. The terminal 38 may transmit the platform heave measurements to the downhole processor 127 using the wired drill pipe 100. Accordingly, the platform heave sensors 124, the downhole stress sensors 126, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may function as heave detectors and/or motion detectors.
The motion compensation component 16 may provide a mechanism for disconnecting a portion of the drill string 20 above the motion compensation component 16 from a portion of the drill string 20 below the motion compensation component 16. For example, the motion compensation component 16 may have a swivel feature to decouple rotation of a section of the drill string 20 from an adjacent section of the drill string 20, such as, for example, the well-logging instrument string 113. The motion compensation component 16 may enable rotation of other joints 22 of the drill string 20 relative to the well-logging instrument string 113, such as, for example, rotation of a portion of the drill string 20 above the motion compensation component 16 relative to a portion of the drill string 20 below the motion compensation component 16. Rotation of one or more of the joints 22 of the drill string 20 relative to the well-logging instrument string 113 may prevent damage to the drill string 20, the tools 200 and/or the well-logging instrument string 113 during heave and/or motion. The control signals transmitted from the terminal 38 using the wired drill pipe 100 may control the motion compensation component 16. For example, one or more of the control signals may direct the motion compensation component 16 to enable rotation.
Accordingly, the motion compensation component 16 may enable a portion of the drill string 20 above the motion compensation component 16 to rotate and/or move axially while the portion of the drill string 20 below the motion compensation component does not rotate or move axially. Thus, the motion compensation component 16 may maintain a position of the tools 200 and/or the well-logging instrument string 113 relative to the wellbore 18, and the tools 200 and/or the well-logging instrument string 113 may transmit the data during heave of the platform 12 and/or motion of the drill string 20.
Conversely, the motion compensation component 16 may be substantially rigid to avoid vibration or other undesirable motion as the drill string 20 is withdrawn from the wellbore 18. For example, the motion compensation component 16 may resist and/or may prevent rotation of one or more of the joints 22 of the drill string 20 relative to other joints 22 of the drill string 20, such as, for example, the well-logging instrument string 113. The control signals transmitted from the terminal 38 using the wired drill pipe 100 may control the motion compensation component 16. For example, one or more of the control signals may direct the motion compensation component 16 to resist and/or prevent rotation.
As generally illustrated in
In an embodiment, the slip joint 201 may have a locking mechanism (not shown) which may engage the first joint 202 and/or the second joint 203 to prevent the first joint 202 of the drill string 20 from rotating or moving axially relative to the second joint 203 of the drill string 20. The locking mechanism may disengage the first joint 202 and/or the second joint 203 to enable the first joint 202 of the drill string 20 to rotate and/or move axially relative to the second joint 203 of the drill string 20. The present invention is not limited to a specific position of the first joint 202 relative to the second joint 203; for example, the first joint 202 may be located above or may be located below the second joint 203 on the drill string 20.
In an embodiment, the slip joint 201 may contain magneto-rheological fluid 211, such as, for example, a fluid having a viscosity which may be changed by adjusting an intensity of an electromagnetic field applied to the fluid. In an embodiment, the magneto-rheological fluid 211 may have 20% to 40% percent by volume of carbonyl iron particles. The carbonyl iron particles may have a diameter of one to fifteen microns, may have surface hydroxyl groups, and/or may be suspended in a carrier liquid, such as, for example, mineral oil, synthetic oil, water and/or glycol. In an embodiment, the magneto-rheological fluid 211 may have a stabilizing agent, such as for example, lithium stearate, aluminum stearate and/or another metal soap.
Increasing the intensity of the electromagnetic field applied to the magneto-rheological fluid 211 may increase the viscosity of the magneto-rheological fluid 211. Decreasing the intensity of the electromagnetic field applied to the magneto-rheological fluid 211 may decrease the viscosity of the magneto-rheological fluid 211. The present invention is not limited to a specific embodiment of the magneto-rheological fluid 211, and the magneto-rheological fluid 211 may be any fluid having a viscosity which may be controlled by an electromagnetic field as known to one having ordinary skill in the art.
The slip joint 201 may have a coil 210 which may be continuously wrapped around the slip joint 201. The coil 210 may conduct electricity applied to the coil 210 to generate an electromagnetic field. The coil 210 may be electrically connected to the wired drill pipe 100. An amount of electricity applied to the coil 210 may be adjusted to control the intensity of the electromagnetic field generated by the coil 210. For example, the downhole processor 127 may control the intensity of the electromagnetic field by adjusting the amount of electricity applied to the coil 210. The amount of electricity applied to the coil 210 may be adjusted to control the viscosity of the magneto-rheological fluid 211.
The magneto-rheological fluid 211 and/or the electromagnetic field generated by the coil 210 may be used to control axial movement of the first joint 202 relative to the second joint 203. An increased viscosity of the magneto-rheological fluid 211 may resist the axial movement of the first joint 202 relative to the second joint 203. A decreased viscosity of the magneto-rheological fluid 211 may assist and/or may enable the axial movement of the first joint 202 relative to the second joint 203.
For example, increasing the electricity applied to the coil 201 may increase the intensity of the electromagnetic field, which may increase the viscosity of the magneto-rheological fluid 211. The increased viscosity of the magneto-rheological fluid 211 may prevent and/or may resist axial movement of the first joint 202 relative to the second joint 203. Decreasing the electricity applied to the coil 201 may decrease the intensity of the electromagnetic field, which may decrease the viscosity of the magneto-rheological fluid 211. The decreased viscosity of the magneto-rheological fluid 211 may encourage and/or may enable axial movement of the first joint 202 relative to the second joint 203.
As generally illustrated in
The amount of damping provided by the motion compensation component 16 may be selectively controlled. For example, the damping may be reduced and/or may be substantially eliminated during movement of the drill string 20 into the wellbore 18 to enable compression to protect the well-logging instrument string 113. When the drill string 20 is withdrawn from the wellbore 18, the damping may be increased to make the motion compensation component 16 substantially rigid, thereby reducing undesirable motion of the drill string 20 and/or the well-logging instrument string 113 within the drill string 20. For example, if the motion compensation component 16 is rigid, the motion compensation component 16 may resist and/or may prevent expanding the motion compensation component 16 longitudinally such that large tensile force may be required to expand the motion compensation component 16.
If the motion compensation component 16 enables a portion of the drill string 20 above the motion compensation device 16 to move toward a portion of the drill string 20 below the motion compensation device 16, the length of the drill string 20 may decrease. Decreasing the length of the drill string 20 may decrease motion-induced compressive stress on the drill string 20. If the motion compensation component 16 enables a portion of the drill string 20 above the motion compensation device 16 to move away from a portion of the drill string 20 below the motion compensation device 16, the length of the drill string 20 may increase. Increasing the length of the drill string 20 may decrease motion-induced tensile stress on the drill string 20. Moreover, increasing and/or decreasing the length of the drill string 20 may maintain a position of the tools 200 and/or the well-logging instrument string 113 relative to the wellbore 18, and the tools 200 and/or the well-logging instrument string 113 may transmit the data during heave of the platform 12 and/or motion of the drill string 20.
The motion compensation component 16 may be controlled in response to the heave of the platform 12 and/or motion-induced axial stress on the drill string 20. For example, the motion compensation component 16 may be controlled by motion response messages which may direct the motion compensation component 16 to reduce and/or increase damping. The motion response messages may be messages automatically transmitted from the downhole processor 127 and/or may be one or more of the control signals automatically transmitted from the terminal 38. The motion response messages transmitted from the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may be based on the platform heave measurements, the downhole stress measurements, or a combination of the platform heave measurements and the downhole stress measurements. For example, if both the terminal 38 and the downhole processor 127 generate the motion response messages, the terminal 38 and the downhole processor 127 may function as a motion detector and an additional motion detector, respectively.
The terminal 38 may use the wired drill pipe 100 to transmit the motion response messages to the motion compensation component 16 based on a determination that the platform 12 experiences heave. Further, the terminal 38 may use the wired drill pipe 100 to transmit the motion response messages based on a determination that the drill string 20 has motion-induced axial stress. The downhole processor 127 may use the wired drill pipe 100 to transmit the motion response messages to the motion compensation component 16.
The motion response messages may start, stop, change and/or modify operation of the motion compensation component 16. For example, the motion response messages may direct the motion compensation component 16 to engage or disengage the first joint 202 and/or the second joint 203; increase or decrease the intensity of the electromagnetic field; and/or increase or decrease a size of the control orifice 508. In an embodiment, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may transmit a first motion response message to activate the motion compensation component 16 if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the platform 12 experiences heave and/or the drill string 20 has motion-induced axial stress. Then, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may transmit a second motion response message to deactivate the motion compensation component 16 if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the heave is completed and/or the drill string 20 does not have motion-induced axial stress. In another embodiment, the motion response messages sent from the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may initiate a first response, a second response or a third response of the motion compensation component 16 if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the platform 12 experiences motion-induced compressive stress, motion-induced tensile stress or does not have motion-induced axial stress, respectively.
One or more of the tools 200 may extend from the drill string 20 such that movement of the drill string 20 may contact the one or more tools 200 with the wellbore 18. Contacting the one or more tools 200 which may extend from the drill string 20 with the wellbore 18 may damage the one or more tools 200. The motion response messages transmitted by the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 with the wired drill pipe 100 may control orientation of the one or more of the tools 200 which may extend from the drill string 20.
For example, the motion response messages may retract the one or more tools 200 which may extend from the drill string 20 to prevent and/or to minimize contact of the one or more tools 200 with the wellbore 18. In an embodiment, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may transmit a first motion response message using the wired drill pipe 100. For example, the first motion response message may be automatically transmitted if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the platform 12 experiences heave and/or the drill string 20 has motion-induced axial stress. The one or more tools 200 which may extend from the drill string 20 may retract in response to receipt of the first motion response message.
Then, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may transmit a second motion response message. For example, the second motion response message may be automatically transmitted if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the heave is completed and/or the motion-induced axial stress is removed. The terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may transmit the second motion response message using the wired drill pipe 100. The one or more tools 200 which may extend from the drill string 20 may move to an extended position in response to the second motion response message. Accordingly, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may direct the one or more tools 200 which may extend from the drill string 20 to move between a first position and a second position in response to heave and/or motion.
For example, as generally shown in
The motion response messages transmitted by the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may control orientation of the caliper arm 61. For example, the motion response messages may retract the caliper arm 61 to prevent and/or to minimize contact of the caliper arm 61 with the wall of the wellbore 18. For example, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may automatically transmit the first motion response message if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the platform 12 experiences heave and/or the drill string 20 has motion-induced axial stress. The terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may transmit the first motion response message to the caliper tool 60 using the wired drill pipe 100. The caliper tool 60 may retract the caliper arm 61 in response to the first motion response message.
Then, if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the heave is completed and/or the motion-induced axial stress is removed, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may automatically transmit the second motion response message to the caliper tool 60 using the wired drill pipe 100. The caliper tool 60 may move the caliper arm 61 to an extended position in response to the second motion response message. Accordingly, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may direct the caliper tool 60 to move the caliper arm 61 between an extended position shown in
The formation fluid drawn into the sampling-while-drilling instrument 15 using the probe 36 may be measured to determine, for example, pretest and/or pressure parameters. Additionally, the sampling-while-drilling instrument 15 may be provided with devices, such as, for example, the sample chambers, for collecting fluid samples for retrieval at the surface. Backup pistons 39 may laterally extend from an opposite side of the drill collar relative to the probe 36 to apply force to push the sampling-while-drilling instrument 15 and/or the probe 36 against the wall of the wellbore 18.
The sampling-while-drilling instrument 15 may be mechanically connected to one of the joints 22 of the drill string 20. In response to one or more of the control signals, the one of the joints 22 to which the sampling-while-drilling instrument 15 is mechanically connected may be rotated to align the probe 36 and/or the stabilizer blade 230 with an area of interest.
The motion response messages transmitted by the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may control orientation of the probe 36, the stabilizer blade 230 and/or the backup pistons 39. For example, the motion response messages may retract the probe 36, the stabilizer blade 230 and/or the backup pistons 39 to prevent and/or to minimize contact of the probe 36, the stabilizer blade 230 and/or the backup pistons 39 with the wall of the wellbore 18. For example, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may automatically transmit a first motion response message if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the platform 12 experiences heave and/or the drill string 20 has motion-induced axial stress. The terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may transmit the first motion response message to the sampling-while-drilling instrument 15 using the wired drill pipe 100. The sampling-while-drilling instrument 15 may retract the probe 36, the stabilizer blade 230 and/or the backup pistons 39 in response to the first motion response message.
Then, if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the heave is completed and/or the motion-induced axial stress is removed, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may automatically transmit a second motion response message to the sampling-while-drilling instrument 15 using the wired drill pipe 100. The sampling-while-drilling instrument 15 may move the probe 36, the stabilizer blade 230 and/or the backup pistons 39 to an extended position in response to the second motion response message. Accordingly, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may direct the sampling-while-drilling instrument 15 to move the probe 36, the stabilizer blade 230 and/or the backup pistons 39 between the extended position shown in
The probe assembly 307 may be carried by the housing 301 and/or may be configured to seal a region 314 of the wall 312 of the wellbore 18 when urged against the wall 312. One or more actuators 316 may be used for moving the probe assembly 307 between a retracted position (not shown in
The probe assembly 307 may have a flexible drilling shaft 309 extending therefrom. A drill bit 308, such as, for example, an annular core bit, may be located at an end of the flexible drilling shaft 309. The drill bit 308 may be rotated and/or may be moved longitudinally by a motor assembly 302. The drill bit 308 may penetrate a formation 305 proximate the region 314. The flexible drilling shaft 309 may be guided through a suitably shaped tube 320 and/or may convey rotational and/or translational power to the drill bit 308 from the motor assembly 302. The drill bit 308 may create a lateral bore 310 extending partially through the formation 305 away from the wall 312 of the wellbore 18.
The formation evaluation instrument 300 may have a flow line 318 which may extend from a fluid reservoir 321, through a portion of the formation evaluation instrument 300 and in fluid communication with the formation 305, through the flexible drilling shaft 309 and out through an opening 322 in or defined by the flexible drilling shaft 309. The instrument 300 may have a pretest piston 315 hydraulically connected to the interior of the flexible drilling shaft 309 to perform fluid pressure tests, although the pretest piston 315 may be absent in some embodiments.
A pump 303 may be carried within the housing 301 for pumping fluid from a reservoir 321 into the formation 305. The pump 303 may be in communication with the formation 305 via the flow line 318 and the flexible drilling shaft 309. Additionally, instruments may be carried within the housing 301 for measuring pressure within the flexible drilling shaft 309 and/or in the reservoir 321. In some embodiments, a sensor 330 may be associated with the position of a barrier and/or a piston disposed in the reservoir 321 so that a volume of fluid displaced into the formation 305 through the probe assembly 307 may be monitored. In other embodiments, fluid may be moved from the reservoir 321 to the flexible drilling shaft 309 by applying hydrostatic pressure from within the wellbore 18 to one side of the piston in the reservoir 321, in addition to or in substitution of using the pump 303.
The flow line 318 may direct the fluid from the reservoir 321 through the lateral bore 310 into the formation 305. Formation evaluation may be performed at a plurality of depths for the lateral bore 310 by drilling the lateral bore 310 further into the formation 305 and repeating any testing. Preferably, the lateral bore 310 extends through the invaded zone laterally proximate the borehole 18 and into the uninvaded zone of the formation 305. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the uninvaded zone includes substantially entirely connate fluid within the pore spaces of the formation 305. The lateral depth of the uninvaded zone from the wall 312 may depend on, among other factors, the fluid loss of the drilling fluid 30 used to drill the wellbore 18, the differential pressure between the hydrostatic (or hydrodynamic if performed during drilling) fluid pressure in the wellbore 18, the fluid pressure in the formation 305, and/or the porosity of the formation 305.
The formation evaluation instrument 300 may be mechanically connected to one of the joints 22 of the drill string 20. In response to one or more of the control signals, the one of the joints 22 to which the formation evaluation instrument 300 is mechanically connected may be rotated to align the probe assembly 307, the probe pad 326 and/or the flexible drilling shaft 309 with an area of interest.
The motion response messages transmitted by the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may control orientation of the probe assembly 307, the anchor pistons 311, the one or more actuators 316, the probe pad 326 and/or the flexible drilling shaft 309. For example, the motion response messages may retract the probe assembly 307, the anchor pistons 311, the one or more actuators 316, the probe pad 326 and/or the flexible drilling shaft 309 to prevent and/or to minimize contact of the probe assembly 307, the anchor pistons 311, the one or more actuators 316, the probe pad 326 and/or the flexible drilling shaft 309 with the wall of the wellbore 18. For example, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may automatically transmit a first motion response message if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the platform 12 experiences heave and/or the drill string 20 has motion-induced axial stress. The terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may transmit the first motion response message to the formation evaluation instrument 300 using the wired drill pipe 100. The formation evaluation instrument 300 may retract the probe assembly 307, the anchor pistons 311, the one or more actuators 316, the probe pad 326 and/or the flexible drilling shaft 309 in response to the first motion response message.
Then, if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the heave is completed and/or the motion-induced axial stress is removed, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may automatically transmit a second motion response message to the formation evaluation instrument 300 using the wired drill pipe 100. The formation evaluation instrument 300 may move the probe assembly 307, the anchor pistons 311, the one or more actuators 316, the probe pad 326 and/or the flexible drilling shaft 309 to an extended position in response to the second motion response message. Accordingly, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may direct the formation evaluation instrument 300 to move the probe assembly 307, the anchor pistons 311, the one or more actuators 316, the probe pad 326 and/or the flexible drilling shaft 309 between the extended position shown in
The instruments shown in
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the wired drill pipe 100 may provide high bandwidth telemetry which may enable LWD station measuring instruments to respond to surface generated commands in a manner substantially as is performed for wireline conveyed station measuring instruments. For example, by monitoring the various operating parameter measurements while the instrument is operated at the fixed position, problems may be avoided, such as, for example, failure of the packer 324 to exclude wellbore fluid from the probe 307. In such cases, the system user and/or the terminal 38 may observe measured pressure in the sample chamber rising more quickly than is consistent with flow from the formations. Such indication may prompt the system user and/or the terminal 38 to discard any fluid sample withdrawn and/or to attempt to re-set the instrument at a more suitable location. Without real time signal communication, occurrences, such as, for example, failure of the packer 324, would not be observable in real time, leaving open the possibility, for example, of the entire sample chamber being filled with drilling fluid, and such occurrence not being determinable until the entire instrument is withdrawn from the wellbore 18 by removing substantially the entirety of the drill string 20. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the capability to observe station measurement operating parameters in real time may avoid measurement failure that goes unobserved until the instrument is withdrawn from the wellbore 18, thus materially increasing the expense associated with the station measurement operation.
The seismic receiver 400 may actuate a seismic energy source near the Earth's surface and/or may detect seismic energy resulting therefrom. The seismic receiver 400 may be positioned at a number of selected positions along the wellbore 18, and the foregoing procedure may be repeated at each of the selected positions to produce a vertical seismic profile (“VSP”) survey. In response to one or more of the control signals, the drill collar 410 to which the seismic sensor 400 is mechanically connected may be rotated to align the seismic sensor pad 414 with the selected positions. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the quality of seismic data is related to how well the seismic sensor pad 414 contacts the wellbore wall. In some cases, the contact is less than acceptable because of conditions of the wall of the wellbore 18 at the selected position. Using a method according to the invention, signals from the seismic sensors Gx, Gy, Gz may be communicated to the surface using the wired drill pipe 100. Therefore, the quality of the contact between the seismic sensor pad 414 and the wall of the wellbore 18 may be tested by operating the seismic energy source (not shown) and observing the waveforms of the detected seismic energy. The system user and/or the terminal 38 may take corrective action, such as, for example, by moving the seismic sensor 400 to a different position along the wellbore 18. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that such contact evaluation may be possible by the high bandwidth telemetry of the wired drill pipe 100.
The motion response messages transmitted by the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may control orientation of the seismic sensor pad 414. For example, the motion response messages may retract the seismic sensor pad 414 to prevent and/or to minimize contact of the seismic sensor pad 414 with the wall of the wellbore 18. For example, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may automatically transmit a first motion response message if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the platform 12 experiences heave and/or the drill string 20 has motion-induced axial stress. The terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may transmit the first motion response message to the seismic receiver 400 using the wired drill pipe 100. The seismic receiver 400 may retract the seismic sensor pad 414 in response to the first motion response message.
Then, if the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 determine that the heave is completed and/or the motion-induced axial stress is removed, the terminal 38 and/or the down hole processor 127 may automatically transmit a second motion response message to the seismic receiver 400 using the wired drill pipe 100. The seismic receiver 400 may move the seismic sensor pad 414 to an extended position in response to the second motion response message. Accordingly, the terminal 38 and/or the downhole processor 127 may direct the seismic receiver 400 to move the seismic sensor pad 414 between an extended position and a retracted position in response to the motion and/or the axial stress.
Accordingly, the motion response messages may control the motion compensation component 16 and/or the tools 200 to compensate for motion, such as, for example, heave experienced by the platform 12 and/or motion-induced axial stress applied to the drill string 20. The motion response messages may be transmitted using the wired drill pipe 100. The motion response messages may move a downhole tool between a retracted and an extended position. The motion response messages may start, stop, change and/or modify operation of the motion compensation component 16. For example, the motion response messages may direct the motion compensation component 16 to resist and/or enable compression or elongation of the drill string 20 and/or to change a length of the drill string 20. The motion compensation component 16 may prevent axial or rotational movement of a portion of the drill string 20 below the motion compensation component 16. Accordingly, the motion compensation component 16 may maintain a position of the tools 200 below the motion compensation component 16 and may enable the tools 200 to transmit the data to the surface during heave of the platform 12 and/or motion of the drill string 20.
It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art. Such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without diminishing its attendant advantages. It is, therefore, intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the claims.
This application is a divisional application of currently pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/720,128 entitled, “APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR MOTION COMPENSATION USING WIRED DRILL PIPE” filed on Mar. 9, 2010, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/158,664 entitled “METHOD FOR STATIONARY WELLBORE MEASUREMENT AND DRILLING CONTROL USING WIRED PIPE STRING” and filed Mar. 9, 2009 all of which the contents are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20140131098 A1 | May 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61158664 | Mar 2009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12720128 | Mar 2010 | US |
| Child | 14157463 | US |
