The invention relates to a method for mounting at least one sealing ring on a camshaft in a bearing line of an internal combustion engine, and to a camshaft having at least one sealing ring mounted in such a way, wherein the at least one sealing ring is formed by an elastically deformable polymer, in particular by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Camshafts are mounted rotatably on a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine under a sealed cylinder head cover in bearings which form a bearing line. A suitable lubricating oil is used for lubrication, and therefore, in addition to the sealing of the cylinder head cover on the cylinder head, sealing elements are also required on a camshaft. For this purpose, sealing rings are fixed on a suitable surface of the camshaft, in particular in the region of an end piece, in each case by an encircling groove formed radially on the surface.
For cost reasons, camshafts are inserted as a whole part into the bearings which form a bearing line. The bearings are generally already closed here, and therefore the camshaft has to be introduced through the openings of the individual bearings.
However, problems arise here with those regions of the sealing rings which protrude over the outer circumference of the camshaft and which may be damaged during the mounting of the camshaft. The excess length is increased by the mounting of the sealing rings on the camshaft since sealing rings expand. The expansion is also not sufficiently reduced by the elasticity on its own. A sealing ring is thereby held in a force- and form-fitting manner in a groove formed on the outer circumferential surface. However, the fixing which can thus be achieved does not sufficiently meet the requirements for a secure sealing action and fastening of the respective sealing ring to the camshaft.
An installation, as previously explained, below the cylinder head cover is likewise not possible here without it being able to be ensured that a sealing ring will not be damaged during the mounting or will not be displaced along the longitudinal axis of the camshaft in such a manner that secure sealing can no longer be achieved.
It is therefore the object of the invention to specify possibilities for a more secure mounting of sealing rings, said possibilities avoiding damage and ensuring the desired sealing action.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method which comprises the features of claim 1. Claim 14 relates to a camshaft having at least one sealing ring mounted in such a way. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention can be realized by features indicated in dependent claims.
In the method according to the invention, at least one sealing ring which is at least partially formed from an elastically deformable polymer, in particular by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is pushed onto the outer surface of the camshaft of an internal combustion engine. Two sealing rings are preferably pushed on in a parallel arrangement to each other and are each fixed thereto by a groove. The grooves are arranged here at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the camshaft.
The at least one sealing ring is pushed here onto a region of the camshaft in which a groove encircling radially on the outer diameter of the camshaft is formed, and therefore the respective sealing ring is arranged in the groove. The at least one sealing ring is held in a force- and form-fitting manner in the groove.
During the mounting, in a first alternative, a calibrating tool having a rotationally symmetrical opening, the smallest inside diameter of which is greater than the outside diameter of the camshaft in the region of the respective groove and is smaller than the outside diameter of the at least one sealing ring pushed onto the camshaft in the region of the groove, is pushed over the at least one sealing ring such that the at least one sealing ring is pressed into the respective groove and is held in the groove in a force- and form-fitting manner.
In a second alternative of the invention, during the mounting, pushing of the camshaft into a calibrating tool having a rotationally symmetrical opening, the smallest inside diameter of which is greater than the outside diameter of the camshaft in the region of the respective groove and is smaller than the outside diameter of the at least one sealing ring pushed onto the camshaft in the region of the groove, takes place in such a manner that the at least one sealing ring is pushed into the groove and is held in the groove in a force- and form-fitting manner.
The camshaft can be introduced into the bearings as a bearing line, said bearings being mounted on a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine, and the calibrating tool can be pulled off or stripped off from the camshaft before or during the introduction of the camshaft into the bearing line.
Use can advantageously be made of a calibrating tool which comprises at least one conically tapering region starting from an end side of an opening of the calibrating tool. The inside diameter of the opening on that side of the calibrating tool which is pushed first onto the at least one sealing ring should be greater here than the outside diameter of the at least one sealing ring after the latter has been pushed onto the camshaft.
The conically tapering region can merge into a cylindrical region with a constant inside diameter. The constant inside diameter should correspond to the value which the outside diameter of the sealing ring is intended to have when the camshaft fitted with the sealing ring is mounted. Such a design can be used in an embodiment of the calibrating tool having two oppositely arranged openings.
A calibrating tool having just one opening, into which the region of the camshaft having the groove(s) for fixing the sealing ring(s) can be pushed with the sealing ring(s) pushed thereon, can be formed in a conically tapering manner over the entire length of a frustoconical cavity in the interior of the calibrating tool starting from the then one opening. The smallest inside diameter in said cavity should correspond here to the maximum outside diameter of the sealing ring pressed into the respective groove with the calibrating tool.
The camshaft should be cooled before being introduced into the bearings of the bearing line or before the calibrating tool is pushed on. This can take place on its own or else with the sealing ring(s) already pushed on, and therefore there is the possibility of the camshaft being cooled together with the sealing ring already pushed thereon. During the cooling, a temperature of a maximum −100° C. should be achieved. Cooling can preferably take place by dipping of the camshaft in liquid nitrogen.
There is also the possibility of the camshaft with the at least one sealing ring already pushed thereon being cooled together with the calibrating tool or without the calibrating tool.
In an alternative, the calibrating tool can be pushed over the at least one sealing ring before or after the cooling, and the at least one sealing ring can thereby be pressed deeper into the respective groove. The receptacle which is designed as a cavity or hollow cylinder in the calibrating tool and can be pushed over a respective sealing ring already partially fixed in a groove in a force- and form-fitting manner should be dimensioned with its inside diameter in such a manner that, although a sealing ring is pushed with the calibrating tool deeper into the respective groove, the outer circumferential surface of the sealing ring, in the region of its smallest inside diameter, does not reach the base of the respective groove, and therefore a gap remains between the outer circumference of the respective seal having preferably a circular cross section and the base of the groove. Nevertheless, the respective sealing ring is connected to the corresponding region of the camshaft in the groove sufficiently fixedly and securely in a force- and form-fitting manner.
In the implementation of the method, a structure can be used for the mounting of the sealing ring(s) and the introduction of the camshaft into the bearings of the bearing line, in which the camshaft with the at least one sealing ring already pushed thereon and fixed in the respective groove in a force- and form-fitting manner, upon being introduced into the bearings of the bearing line is pushed by a calibrating tool arranged in front of in front of the first bearing in the introduction direction of the camshaft and, in the process, the at least one sealing ring is pressed deeper into the respective groove.
The at least one sealing ring should be pushed onto a respective groove which is formed in the region of an end piece of the camshaft and should be pressed into said groove with the calibrating tool. An end piece can be part of an integral camshaft or an individual part of an assembled camshaft, said individual part being connected to that part of the camshaft which bears the cams.
The at least one sealing ring should be pressed by means of the calibrating tool into the respective groove to such a depth that at least one 5%, preferably at least 10% of its volume, is arranged outside the groove and protrudes over the surface of the region on which the sealing ring(s) is/are fixed.
The at least one sealing ring should advantageously be pressed with the calibrating tool into the at least one groove to an extent such that the outer circumferential surface of the sealing ring, in the region of its smallest inside diameter, does not reach the base of the respective groove. As a result, damage to the respective sealing ring during the mounting can be avoided and the sealing action which can be achieved by the elastic deformability of the sealing ring can be improved since the sealing ring does not touch the base of the respective groove during the mounting and during the operation of the respective internal combustion engine.
The invention will be explained in more detail below by way of example. The features described and identified in the individual examples and figures can be combined with one another irrespective of the particular example or the figure. Individual features are not restricted to the respective example or the respective figure.
In the figures:
In the illustration of
By the calibrating tool 4 being pushed from one side onto the region of the end piece 2.1 of the camshaft 2, the sealing rings 1 are pressed deeper into the respective groove 3. In the example shown in
By the calibrating tool 4 being pushed on, the sealing rings are pressed deeper into the grooves 3 to such an extent that they protrude with their outer diameter over the outer surface of the end piece 2.1 and do not touch the base of the respective groove 3.
The arrow in
After the mounting of the camshaft 2, the calibrating tool 4 can be pulled off again. The pulling off during the mounting of the camshaft 2 can be assisted by one of the bearings 5.x, against which the calibrating tool 4 abuts upon introduction of the camshaft 2 into the bearing line, and is thereby stripped off. This state of affairs is not illustrated in
However, a calibrating tool 4 can also be correspondingly moved by a manipulator unit (not shown) such that pushing on and pulling off are possible.
The cooling of the camshaft can also take place with the at least one sealing ring already mounted, together with the calibrating tool or after the calibrating tool is pulled off before the camshaft is mounted in the bearing line of the internal combustion engine.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2016 224 040.4 | Dec 2016 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/EP2017/080593 | 11/28/2017 | WO | 00 |