Patent Grant
10391602
This invention relates to a method for cutoff machining a magnet block into multiple pieces.
Systems for manufacturing commercial products of rare earth magnet include a single part system wherein a part of substantially the same shape as the product is produced at the stage of press molding, and a multiple part system wherein once a large block is molded, it is divided into a plurality of parts by machining. These systems are schematically illustrated in
In contrast, the multiple part system illustrated in
Tools for cutting rare earth magnet blocks include two types, a diamond grinding wheel inner-diameter (ID) blade having diamond grits bonded to an inner periphery of a thin doughnut-shaped disk, and a diamond grinding wheel outer-diameter (OD) blade having diamond grits bonded to an outer periphery of a thin disk as a core. Nowadays the cutoff machining technology using OD blades becomes the mainstream, especially from the aspect of productivity. The machining technology using ID blades is low in productivity because of a single blade cutting mode. In the case of OD blade, multiple cutting is possible.
For the manufacture of OD abrasive blades, diamond grains are generally bonded by three typical binding systems including resin bonding with resin binders, metal bonding with metal binders, and electroplating. These cutoff abrasive blades are often used in cutting off of rare earth magnet blocks.
When cutoff abrasive blades are used to machine a rare earth magnet block of certain size into a multiplicity of parts, the relationship of the cutting part (axial) width of the cutoff blade is crucially correlated to the material yield of the workpiece (magnet block). It is important to maximize a material yield and productivity by using a cutting part with a minimal thickness, machining at a high accuracy to minimize a machining allowance and reduce chips, and increasing the number of parts available.
In order to form a cutting part with a minimal width (or thinner cutting part) from the standpoint of material yield, the cutoff wheel core must be thin. In the case of OD blade 11 shown in
One solution to this problem is a cutoff wheel for use with rare earth magnet alloys including a core of cemented carbide to which high hardness abrasive grains such as diamond and cBN are bonded with a binding system such as resin bonding, metal bonding or electroplating, as described in JP-A 10-175172. Use of cemented carbide as the core material mitigates buckling deformation by stresses during machining, ensuring that rare earth magnet is cutoff machined at a high accuracy. However, if a short supply of cutting fluid is provided to the cutting part during machining of rare earth magnet, the cutoff wheel may give rise to problems like dulling and loading even when a core of cemented carbide is used, which problems increase the machining force during the process and induce chipping and bowing, providing a detrimental impact on the machined state.
Approaches to address this problem include arrangement of plural nozzles near the cutoff blades for forcedly feeding cutting fluid to the cutting parts and provision of a high capacity pump to feed a large volume of cutting fluid. The former approach is quite difficult to implement in combination with a multiple blade assembly including a plurality of blades arranged at a close spacing of about 1 mm because nozzles cannot be arranged near the blades. In the latter approach of feeding a large volume of cutting fluid, the air streams created around the cutting parts during rotation of the cutoff blades cause the cutting fluid to be divided and scattered away before it reaches the cutting parts. If a high pressure is applied to the cutting fluid to forcedly feed it, the pressure is detrimental to high-accuracy machining because it causes the cutoff blades to be bowed and generates vibration.
To solve these problems, improved methods for cutoff machining a rare earth magnet block have been proposed which methods can feed a small amount of cutting fluid to points of cutoff machining in an efficient manner and achieve cutoff machining at a high speed and a high accuracy as compared with the prior art.
One process of multiple cutoff machining a rare earth magnet block involves providing a multiple blade assembly including a plurality of cutoff abrasive blades mounted on a rotating shaft at axially spaced apart positions, and rotating the plurality of cutoff abrasive blades. A cutting fluid is effectively fed to the plurality of cutoff abrasive blades by providing a cutting fluid feed nozzle having a plurality of slits corresponding to the plurality of cutoff abrasive blades such that an outer peripheral portion of each cutoff abrasive blade may be inserted in the corresponding slit. Then the slits serve to restrict any axial run-out of the cutoff abrasive blades during rotation. At the same time, the cutting fluid reaching the slit and coming in contact with the outer peripheral portion of each cutoff abrasive blade is entrained on surfaces of the cutoff abrasive blade being rotated and transported toward the peripheral cutting part of the cutoff abrasive blade by the centrifugal force of rotation. As a result, the cutting fluid is effectively delivered to points of cutoff machining on the magnet block during multiple cutoff machining.
When cutoff grooves corresponding to the plurality of cutoff abrasive blades are formed in the surface of the magnet block, each cutoff groove serves to restrict any axial run-out during rotation of the cutoff abrasive blade whose outer peripheral portion is inserted in the cutoff groove. The cutting fluid flowing from each slit in the feed nozzle and across the surfaces of the cutoff abrasive blade flows into the cutoff groove and is then entrained on the surfaces of the cutoff abrasive blade being rotated whereby the cutting fluid is effectively fed to the blade cutting part during multiple cutoff machining.
Also a jig including a pair of jig segments for clamping the magnet block in the machining direction for securing the magnet block is proposed wherein the jig segments are provided on their surfaces with a plurality of guide grooves corresponding to the cutoff abrasive blades so that the outer peripheral portion of each cutoff abrasive blade may be inserted into the corresponding guide groove. Then the guide grooves serve to restrict any axial run-out of the cutoff abrasive blades during rotation. The cutting fluid flowing from each slit in the feed nozzle and across the surfaces of the cutoff abrasive blade flows in the guide groove and is then entrained on the surfaces of the cutoff abrasive blade being rotated whereby the cutting fluid is effectively fed to the blade cutting part during multiple cutoff machining.
In either case, cutoff machining of the magnet block can be performed at a high accuracy and a high speed while effectively feeding a smaller volume of cutting fluid than in the prior art to points of cutoff machining.
Nevertheless, the current desire for more efficient manufacture of rare earth sintered magnet entails a propensity to enlarge the size of magnet blocks to be cutoff machined, indicating an increased depth of cut. When a magnet block has an increased height, the effective diameter of the cutoff abrasive blade, that is, the distance from the rotating shaft or spacer to the outer periphery of the blade (corresponding to the maximum height of the cutoff abrasive blade available for cutting) must be increased. Such larger diameter cutoff abrasive blades are more liable to deformation, especially axial runout. As a result, a rare earth magnet block is cut into pieces of degraded shape and dimensional accuracy. The prior art uses thicker cutoff abrasive blades to avoid the deformation. Thicker cutoff abrasive blades, however, are inconvenient in that more material is removed by cutting. Then the number of magnet pieces cut out of a magnet block of the same size is reduced as compared with thin cutoff abrasive blades. Under the economy where the price of rare earth metals increases, a reduction in the number of magnet pieces is reflected by the manufacture cost of rare earth magnet products.
An object of the invention is to provide a method for cutoff machining a rare earth magnet block having a substantial height into a multiplicity of pieces at a high accuracy, using a multiplicity of thin cutoff abrasive blades having a reduced effective diameter.
The invention is directed to a method for multiple cutoff machining a rare earth magnet block using a multiple blade assembly including a plurality of cutoff abrasive blades coaxially mounted on a rotating shaft at axially spaced apart positions, each said blade including a core in the form of a thin disk or thin doughnut disk and a peripheral cutting part on an outer peripheral rim of the core. The cutoff abrasive blades are rotated to cutoff machine the magnet block into a multiplicity of pieces. The inventor has found that the object is achievable by starting the machining operation from the upper surface of the magnet block downward, interrupting the machining operation before the magnet block is divided into pieces, turning the magnet block upside down, placing the magnet block such that the cutoff grooves formed before and after the upside-down turning may be vertically aligned with each other, and restarting the machining operation from the upper surface of the upside-down magnet block downward to form cutoff grooves in the magnet block until the cutoff grooves formed before and after the upside-down turning merge with each other, thereby cutting the magnet block into pieces. Only the addition of the simple step of turning the magnet block upside down ensures that a rare earth magnet block having a substantial height is cutoff machined into a multiplicity of pieces at a high accuracy and productivity, using a multiplicity of thin cutoff abrasive blades having a reduced effective diameter.
Accordingly the invention provides a method for multiple cutoff machining a rare earth magnet block using a multiple blade assembly including a plurality of cutoff abrasive blades coaxially mounted on a rotating shaft at axially spaced apart positions, each said blade including a core in the form of a thin disk or thin doughnut disk and a peripheral cutting part on an outer peripheral rim of the core, the method including the step of rotating the cutoff abrasive blades to cutoff machine the magnet block into pieces. The method further includes the steps of starting the machining operation from the upper surface of the magnet block downward to form cutoff grooves in the magnet block, interrupting the machining operation before the magnet block is cut into pieces, turning the magnet block upside down, placing the magnet block such that the cutoff grooves formed before and after the upside-down turning may be vertically aligned with each other, and restarting the machining operation from the upper surface of the upside-down magnet block downward to form cutoff grooves in the magnet block until the cutoff grooves formed before and after the upside-down turning merge with each other, thereby cutting the magnet block into pieces.
In a preferred embodiment, the side surface of the magnet block which is not subject to the machining operation is a reference plane, the magnet block is turned upside down and placed such that the reference planes may be aligned with each other before and after the upside-down turning whereby the cutoff grooves formed before and after the upside-down turning are vertically aligned with each other.
In a preferred embodiment, a jig for securing the magnet block in place is disposed such that a side surface of the jig is parallel to the cutting plane of the magnet block. The side surface is a reference plane. The jig together with the magnet block secured thereby is turned upside down and placed such that the reference planes may be aligned with each other before and after the upside-down turning whereby the magnet block is turned upside down and the cutoff grooves formed before and after the upside-down turning are vertically aligned with each other.
In a more preferred embodiment, the jig is designed to secure a plurality of magnet blocks, and the jig together with the plurality of magnet blocks secured thereby is turned upside down such that the cutoff grooves formed in the plurality of magnet blocks before and after the upside-down turning may be aligned with each other at the same time.
When a rare earth magnet block is cut into pieces by machining from both upper and lower directions, there is a likelihood that cutoff grooves extending in the magnet block from the upper side and cutoff grooves extending in the magnet block from the lower side are shifted or misaligned at the time when they merge with each other, leaving a step at the connection between upper and lower side cutoff grooves. In one embodiment, the side surface of the magnet block which is not subject to the machining operation is a reference plane, the magnet block is turned upside down such that the reference planes may be aligned with each other before and after the upside-down turning. In an alternative embodiment, a jig for securing the magnet block in place is disposed such that a side surface of the jig is parallel to the cutting plane of the magnet block, the side surface is a reference plane, and the jig is turned upside down such that the reference planes may be aligned with each other before and after the upside-down turning. In these embodiments, the step at the connection between upper and lower side cutoff grooves is minimized.
When a rare earth magnet block is cut into pieces by machining from both upper and lower directions, the effective diameter of the cutoff abrasive blades can be reduced to less than the height of the rare earth magnet block, and even to about half of the height of the rare earth magnet block. Then the space that must be defined around the magnet block for allowing the cutoff abrasive blades to move may be reduced. Then the size of the cutoff machining system may be reduced. In a further embodiment wherein the jig is designed to secure the magnet block by clamping at the opposite sides of the magnet block surface subject to machining, the length of slits which are formed in the jig to allow for entry of the cutoff abrasive blades may be reduced. From this aspect, the jig and hence the cutoff machining system can be reduced in size.
Using a multiplicity of thin cutoff abrasive blades having a reduced effective diameter, a rare earth magnet block having a substantial height can be cut into a multiplicity of pieces at a high accuracy. The invention is of great worth in the industry.
In the following description, like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views shown in the figures. It is also understood that terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “outward”, “inward”, “vertical”, and the like are words of convenience, and are not to be construed as limiting terms. Herein, a magnet block has upper and lower surfaces and the magnet block which is turned upside down is also described as having upper and lower surfaces although the upper surface of the original magnet block becomes the lower surface of the upside-down turned magnet block. Also, the term “vertical” refers to a direction between upper and lower sides and need not be construed in a strict sense.
The method for multiple cutoff machining a rare earth magnet block according to the invention uses a multiple blade assembly including a plurality of cutoff abrasive blades coaxially mounted on a rotating shaft at axially spaced apart positions, each blade including a core in the form of a thin disk or thin doughnut disk and a peripheral cutting part on an outer peripheral rim of the core. The multiple blade assembly is placed relative to the magnet block. The cutoff abrasive blades are rotated to cutoff machine the magnet block into a multiplicity of magnet pieces. During machining, cutoff grooves are formed in the magnet block.
Any prior art well-known multiple blade assembly may be used in the multiple cutoff machining method. As shown in
The dimensions of the core are not particularly limited. Preferably the core has an outer diameter of 80 to 250 mm, more preferably 100 to 200 mm, and a thickness of 0.1 to 1.4 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm. The core in the form of a thin doughnut disk has a bore having a diameter of preferably 30 to 80 mm, more preferably 40 to 70 mm.
The core of the cutoff abrasive blade may be made of any desired materials commonly used in cutoff blades including steels SK, SKS, SKD, SKT and SKH, although cores of cemented carbide are preferred because the cutting part or blade tip can be thinner. Suitable cemented carbides of which cores are made include alloy forms of powdered carbides of metals in Groups IVB, VE and VIE in the Periodic Table, such as WC, TiC, MoC, NbC, TaC, and Cr3C2, which are cemented with Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Cu, Pb, Sn or alloys thereof. Of these, WC—Co, WC—Ni, TiC—Co, and WC—TiC—TaC—Co systems are typical and preferred for use herein.
The peripheral cutting part or abrasive grain-bonded section is formed to cover the outer peripheral rim of the core and consists essentially of abrasive grains and a binder. Typically diamond grains, cBN grains or mixed grains of diamond and cBN are bonded to the outer peripheral rim of the core using a binder. Three binding systems including resin bonding with resin binders, metal bonding with metal binders, and electroplating are typical and any of them may be used herein.
The peripheral cutting part or abrasive grain-bonded section has a width W in the thickness or axial direction of the core, which is from (T+0.01) mm to (T+4) mm, more preferably (T+0.02) mm to (T+1) mm, provided that the core has a thickness T. An outer portion of the peripheral cutting part or abrasive grain-bonded section that projects radially outward from the outer peripheral rim of the core has a projection distance which is preferably 0.1 to 8 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 5 mm, depending on the size of abrasive grains to be bonded. An inner portion of the peripheral cutting part or abrasive grain-bonded section that radially extends on the core has a coverage distance which is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 8 mm.
The spacing between cutoff abrasive blades may be suitably selected depending on the thickness of magnet pieces after cutting, and preferably set to a distance which is slightly greater than the thickness of magnet pieces, for example, by 0.01 to 0.4 mm.
For machining operation, the cutoff abrasive blades are preferably rotated at 1,000 to 15,000 rpm, more preferably 3,000 to 10,000 rpm.
A rare earth magnet block is held as presenting upper and lower surfaces. The magnet block is machined and cut into a multiplicity of pieces by rotating the cutoff abrasive blades. According to the invention, the machining operation is started from the side of the upper surface of the magnet block downward to form cutoff grooves in the magnet block. The machining operation is interrupted once before the magnet block is divided into discrete pieces. At this point, the magnet block is turned upside down. The machining operation is restarted from the side of the upper surface of the upside-down magnet block downward to form cutoff grooves in the magnet block until the cutoff grooves formed before and after the upside-down turning merge with each other, thereby cutting the magnet block into pieces. Namely, the magnet block is machined in sequence from one surface side and then from the other surface side.
The cutoff machining method ensures that even though a multiplicity of thin cutoff abrasive blades having a reduced effective diameter are used, a rare earth magnet block having a substantial height can be cut into a multiplicity of pieces at a high accuracy.
The invention deals with a rare earth magnet block having a height of at least 5 mm, typically 10 to 100 mm and uses cutoff abrasive blades having a core thickness of up to 1.2 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 0.9 mm and an effective diameter of up to 200 mm, more preferably 80 to 180 mm. Notably, the effective diameter is the distance from the rotating shaft or spacer to the outer edge of the blade and corresponds to the maximum height of a magnet block that can be cut by the blade. Then the magnet block can be cutoff machined at a high accuracy and high efficiency as compared with the prior art.
Once the magnet block is turned upside down, it is placed such that the upper and lower cutoff grooves before and after upside-down turning (specifically, upper grooves which will be machined and lower grooves which have been machined at this point of time) are vertically in alignment.
Alignment before and after upside-down turning may be conducted in mode (1) wherein the side surface of the magnet block which is not subject to cutoff machining is used as a reference plane, and the magnet block is turned upside down and placed such that the reference planes may be aligned with each other before and after the upside-down turning; or in mode (2) wherein the magnet block is secured by a jig such that the side surface of the jig is parallel to the cutting plane of the magnet block, the side surface is used as a reference plane, and the jig with the magnet block held therein is turned upside down and placed such that the reference planes may be aligned with each other before and after the upside-down turning. As long as alignment is conducted by either of these modes, the magnet block can be cut into a multiplicity of pieces without leaving any step in the connection between cutoff grooves before and after the upside-down turning.
Particularly in mode (2), if a plurality of magnet blocks are secured by the jig and the jig is turned upside down, then the cutoff grooves formed in the plurality of magnet blocks are simultaneously aligned with each other before and after the upside-down turning.
A rare earth magnet block is cutoff machined into a multiplicity of pieces by rotating cutoff abrasive blades (i.e., OD blades), feeding cutting fluid, and moving the blades relative to the magnet block with the abrasive portion of the blade kept in contact with the magnet block (specifically moving the blades in the transverse and/or thickness direction of the magnet block). Then the magnet block is cut or machined by the cutoff abrasive blades.
In multiple cutoff machining of a magnet block, the magnet block is fixedly secured by any suitable means. In one method, the magnet block is bonded to a support plate (e.g., of carbon base material) with wax or a similar adhesive which can be removed after machining operation, whereby the magnet block is fixedly secured prior to machining operation. In another method, a jig is used for clamping the magnet block for fixedly securing it.
In machining of a magnet block, first either one or both of the multiple blade assembly and the magnet block are relatively moved in the cutting or transverse direction of the magnet block from one end to the other end of the magnet block, whereby the upper surface of the magnet block is machined to a predetermined depth throughout the transverse direction to form cutoff grooves in the magnet block.
The cutoff grooves may be formed by a single machining operation or by repeating plural times machining operation in the height direction of the magnet block. The depth of the cutoff grooves is preferably 40 to 60%, most preferably about 50% of the height of the magnet block to be cut. The width of the cutoff grooves is determined by the width of cutoff abrasive blades. Usually, the width of the cutoff grooves is slightly greater than the width of the cutoff abrasive blades due to the vibration of the cutoff abrasive blades during machining operation, and specifically in the range from more than the width of the cutoff abrasive blades (or peripheral cutting part) to 1 mm, and more preferably up to 0.5 mm.
The machining operation is interrupted once before the magnet block is divided into discrete pieces. The magnet block is turned upside down. The machining operation is restarted from the side of the upper (originally lower) surface of the upside-down magnet block downward. Like prior to the upside-down turning, either one or both of the multiple blade assembly and the magnet block are relatively moved in the cutting or transverse direction of the magnet block from one end to the other end of the magnet block, whereby the upper surface of the magnet block is machined to a predetermined depth throughout the transverse direction to form cutoff grooves in the magnet block. Likewise, the cutoff grooves may be formed by a single machining operation or by repeating plural times machining operation in the height direction of the magnet block. In this way, the portion of the magnet block left after the first groove cutting is cut off.
During the machining operation, the cutoff abrasive blades are preferably rotated at a circumferential speed of at least 10 m/sec, more preferably 20 to 80 m/sec. Also, the cutoff abrasive blades are preferably fed at a feed or travel rate of at least 10 mm/min, more preferably 20 to 500 mm/min. Advantageously, the inventive method capable of high speed machining ensures a higher accuracy and higher efficiency during machining than the prior art methods.
During multiple cutoff machining of a rare earth magnet block, a cutting fluid is generally fed to the cutoff abrasive blades to facilitate machining. To this end, a cutting fluid feed nozzle is preferably used which has a cutting fluid inlet at one end and a plurality of slits formed at another end and corresponding to the plurality of cutoff abrasive blades such that an outer peripheral portion of each cutoff abrasive blade may be inserted in the corresponding slit.
One exemplary cutting fluid feed nozzle is illustrated in
The outer peripheral portion of each cutoff abrasive blade which is inserted into the corresponding slit in the feed nozzle functions such that the cutting fluid coming in contact with the cutoff abrasive blades is entrained on the surfaces (outer peripheral portions) of the cutoff abrasive blades and transported to points of cutoff machining on the magnet block. Then the slit has a width which must be greater than the width of the cutoff abrasive blade (i.e., the width W of the outer cutting part). Through slits having too large a width, the cutting fluid may not be effectively fed to the cutoff abrasive blades and a more fraction of cutting fluid may drain away from the slits. Provided that the peripheral cutting part of the cutoff abrasive blade has a width W (mm), the slit in the feed nozzle preferably has a width of from more than W mm to (W+6) mm, more preferably from (W+0.1) mm to (W+6) mm.
The slit has such a length that when the outer peripheral portion of the cutoff abrasive blade is inserted into the slit, the outer peripheral portion may come in full contact with the cutting fluid within the feed nozzle. Often, the slit length is preferably about 2% to 30% of the outer diameter of the core of the cutoff abrasive blade.
In the method for multiple cutoff machining a rare earth magnet block, a magnet block securing jig consisting of a pair of jig segments is preferably used for clamping the magnet block in the machining direction for fixedly securing the magnet block. One or both of the jig segments are provided on their surfaces with a plurality of guide grooves corresponding to the cutoff abrasive blades so that the outer peripheral portion of each cutoff abrasive blade may be inserted into the corresponding guide groove.
During machining operation, an outer peripheral portion of each cutoff abrasive blade 11 is inserted into the corresponding guide groove 31a in the jig segment 31. Then the grooves 31a are arranged at a spacing which corresponds to the spacing between cutoff abrasive blades 11, and the grooves 31a extend straight and parallel to each other. The spacing between guide grooves 31a is equal to or less than the thickness of magnet pieces cut from the magnet block M. The width of each guide groove should be greater than the width of each cutoff abrasive blade (i.e., the width of the peripheral cutting part). Provided that the peripheral cutting part of the cutoff abrasive blade has a width W (mm) the guide groove should preferably have a width of more than W mm to (W+6) mm and more preferably from (W+0.1) mm to (W+6) mm. The length (in cutting direction) and height of each guide groove are selected such that the cutoff abrasive blade may be moved within the guide groove during machining of the magnet block.
The workpiece which is intended herein to cutoff machine is a rare earth magnet block. The rare earth magnet as the workpiece is not particularly limited. Suitable rare earth magnets include sintered rare earth magnets of R—Fe—B systems wherein R is at least one rare earth element inclusive of yttrium.
Suitable sintered rare earth magnets of R—Fe—B systems are those magnets containing, in weight percent, 5 to 40% of R, 50 to 90% of Fe, and 0.2 to 8% of B, and optionally one or more additive elements selected from C, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Sn, Hf, Ta, and W, for the purpose of improving magnetic properties and corrosion resistance. The amounts of additive elements added are conventional, for example, up to 30 wt % of Co, and up to 8 wt % of the other elements. The additive elements, if added in extra amounts, rather adversely affect magnetic properties.
Suitable sintered rare earth magnets of R—Fe—B systems may be prepared, for example, by weighing source metal materials, melting, casting into an alloy ingot, finely dividing the alloy into particles with an average particle size of 1 to 20 μm, i.e., sintered R—Fe—B magnet powder, compacting the powder in a magnetic field, sintering the compact at 1,000 to 1,200° C. for 0.5 to 5 hours, and heat treating at 400 to 1,000° C.
Examples and Comparative Examples are given below for further illustrating the invention although the invention is not limited thereto.
OD blades (cutoff abrasive blades) were fabricated by providing a doughnut-shaped disk core of cemented carbide (consisting of WC 90 wt %/Co 10 wt %) having an outer diameter 120 mm, inner diameter 40 mm, and thickness 0.3 mm, and bonding, by the resin bonding technique, artificial diamond abrasive grains to an outer peripheral rim of the core to form an abrasive section (peripheral cutting part) containing 25% by volume of diamond grains with an average particle size of 150 Km. The axial extension of the abrasive section from the core was 0.05 mm on each side, that is, the abrasive portion had a width of 0.4 mm (in the thickness direction of the core).
Using the OD blades, a cutting test was carried out on a workpiece which was a sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet block. The test conditions are as follows. A multiple blade assembly was manufactured by coaxially mounting 41 OD blades on a shaft at an axial spacing of 2.1 mm, with spacers interposed therebetween. The spacers each had an outer diameter 95 mm inner diameter 40 mm, and thickness 2.1 mm. The multiple blade assembly was designed so that the magnet block was cut into magnet strips having a thickness of 2.0 mm.
The multiple blade assembly consisting of 41 OD blades and 40 spacers alternately mounted on the shaft was combined with a cutting fluid feed nozzle as shown in
The workpiece was a sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet block having a length 100 mm, width 30 mm and height 17 mm, which was polished on all six surfaces at an accuracy of ±0.05 mm by a vertical double-disk polishing tool. By the multiple blade assembly, the magnet block was transversely machined and longitudinally divided into a multiplicity of magnet strips of 2.0 mm thick. Specifically, one magnet block was cut into 40 magnet strips.
The sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet block was secured at opposite sides in the cutting direction by a jig (shown in
For machining operation, a cutting fluid was fed at a flow rate of 30 L/min. First, the multiple blade assembly was placed above one jig segment by which the magnet block was secured, and moved downward toward the magnet block so that the OD blades were inserted 1 mm from their tip into the guide grooves. While feeding cutting fluid from the feed nozzle and rotating the OD blades at 7,000 rpm (circumferential speed of 44 m/sec), the multiple blade assembly was fed at a rate of 100 mm/min from the one to the other jig segment for machining the magnet block in its transverse direction. At the end of this stroke, the assembly was fed back to the one jig segment side without changing its height. In this way, cutoff grooves of 1 mm deep were formed in the magnet block.
Next, above the one jig segment, the multiple blade assembly was moved 1 mm downward toward the magnet block. While feeding cutting fluid from the feed nozzle and rotating the OD blades at 7,000 rpm, the multiple blade assembly was fed at a rate of 100 mm/min from the one to the other jig segment for machining the magnet block in its transverse direction. At the end of this stroke, the assembly was fed back to the one jig segment side without changing its height. This machining operation was repeated 9 times in total. In this way, cutoff grooves of 9 mm deep from the upper surface were formed in the magnet block.
Thereafter, the magnet block was once released from the jig. The magnet block was turned upside down such that the side surface of the magnet block appearing on the front side in
Next, like the machining operation before the upside-down turning, the multiple blade assembly above one jig segment was moved downward toward the magnet block so that the OD blades were inserted 1 mm from their tip into the guide grooves. While feeding cutting fluid from the feed nozzle and rotating the OD blades at 7,000 rpm, the multiple blade assembly was fed at a rate of 100 mm/min from the one to the other jig segment for machining the magnet block in its transverse direction. At the end of this stroke, the assembly was fed back to the one jig segment side without changing its height. In this way, cutoff grooves of 1 mm deep were formed in the magnet block.
Next, above the one jig segment, the multiple blade assembly was moved 1 mm downward toward the magnet block. While feeding cutting fluid from the feed nozzle and rotating the OD blades at 7,000 rpm, the multiple blade assembly was fed at a rate of 100 mm/min from the one to the other jig segment for machining the magnet block in its transverse direction. At the end of this stroke, the assembly was fed back to the one jig segment side without changing its height. This machining operation was repeated 9 times in total. In this way, cutoff grooves were formed in the magnet block to a depth of 9 mm from the upper surface whereupon the cutoff grooves merged with each other, that is, the magnet block was cut into discrete strips.
After magnet strips were cut using the OD blades constructed as above, they were measured for thickness between the machined surfaces at the center by a micrometer. The strips were rated “passed” if the measured thickness was within a cut size tolerance of 2.0±0.05 mm. If the measured thickness was outside the tolerance, the multiple blade assembly was tailored by adjusting the thickness of spacers, so that the measured thickness might fall within the tolerance. If the spacer adjustment was repeated more than two times for the same OD blades, these OD blades were judged as having lost stability and replaced by new OD blades. Under these conditions, 1,000 magnet blocks were cutoff machined. The evaluation results of the machined state are shown in Table 1.
A magnet block was cutoff machined by the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the spacers used in the multiple blade assembly each had an outer diameter 80 mm, inner diameter 40 mm, and thickness 2.1 mm, and the magnet block was machined throughout its overall height by repeating the 1-mm machining operation 18 times in total without turning the magnet block upside down at a mid stage. In this way, 1,000 magnet blocks were cutoff machined, and the machined state was evaluated. The evaluation results are also shown in Table 1.
As seen from Table 1, the multiple cutoff machining method of the invention maintains consistent dimensional accuracy for products over a long term despite the reduced blade thickness and is successful in reducing the number of spacer adjustments and the number of OD blade replacements. Then an increase in productivity is attained.
OD blades (cutoff abrasive blades) were fabricated by providing a doughnut-shaped disk core of cemented carbide (consisting of WC 90 wt %/Co 10 wt %) having an outer diameter 115 mm, inner diameter 40 mm, and thickness 0.35 mm, and bonding, by the resin bonding technique, artificial diamond abrasive grains to an outer peripheral rim of the core to form an abrasive section (peripheral cutting part) containing 25% by volume of diamond grains with an average particle size of 150 μm. The axial extension of the abrasive section from the core was 0.025 mm on each side, that is, the abrasive portion had a width of 0.4 mm (in the thickness direction of the core).
Using the OD blades, a cutting test was carried out on a workpiece which was a sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet block. The test conditions are as follows. A multiple blade assembly was manufactured by coaxially mounting 42 OD blades on a shaft at an axial spacing of 2.1 mm, with spacers interposed therebetween. The spacers each had an outer diameter 90 mm, inner diameter 40 mm and thickness 2.1 mm. The multiple blade assembly was designed so that the magnet block was cut into magnet strips having a thickness of 2.0 mm.
The multiple blade assembly consisting of 42 OD blades and 41 spacers alternately mounted on the shaft was combined with a cutting fluid feed nozzle as shown in
The workpiece was a sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet block having a length 99 mm, width 30 mm and height 17 mm, which was polished on all six surfaces at an accuracy of ±0.05 mm by a vertical double-disk polishing tool. By the multiple blade assembly, the magnet block was transversely machined and longitudinally divided into a multiplicity of magnet strips of 2.0 mm thick. Specifically, one magnet block was cut into 41 magnet strips.
Three sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet blocks were arranged in a transverse direction. The magnet block arrangement was secured at opposite sides in the cutting direction (=transverse direction) by a jig (shown in
For machining operation, a cutting fluid was fed at a flow rate of 30 L/min. First, the multiple blade assembly was placed above one jig segment by which the magnet blocks were secured, and moved downward toward the magnet block so that the OD blades were inserted 9 mm from their tip into the guide grooves. While feeding cutting fluid from the feed nozzle and rotating the OD blades at 7,000 rpm (circumferential speed of 42 m/sec), the multiple blade assembly was fed at a rate of 20 mm/min from the one to the other jig segment for machining the magnet blocks in their transverse direction. At the end of this stroke, the assembly was fed back to the one jig segment side without changing its height. In this way, cutoff grooves of 9 mm deep were formed in the magnet blocks.
Thereafter, the jig was turned upside down such that the side surface of the jig appearing on the front side in
Next, like the machining operation before the upside-down turning, the multiple blade assembly above one jig segment was moved downward toward the magnet block so that the OD blades were inserted 9 mm from their tip into the guide grooves. While feeding cutting fluid from the feed nozzle and rotating the OD blades at 7,000 rpm, the multiple blade assembly was fed at a rate of 20 mm/min from the one to the other jig segment for machining the magnet blocks in their transverse direction. At the end of this stroke, the assembly was fed back to the one jig segment side without changing its height. In this way, cutoff grooves were formed in the magnet blocks to a depth of 9 mm from their upper surface whereupon the cutoff grooves merged with each other, that is, the magnet block was cut into discrete strips.
After magnet strips were cut using the OD blades constructed as above, they were measured for thickness between the machined surfaces at the center by a micrometer. The strips were rated “passed” if the measured thickness was within a cut size tolerance of 2.0±0.05 mm. If the measured thickness was outside the tolerance, the multiple blade assembly was tailored by adjusting the thickness of spacers, so that the measured thickness might fall within the tolerance. If the spacer adjustment was repeated more than two times for the same OD blades, these OD blades were judged as having lost stability and replaced by new OD blades. Under these conditions, 1,000 magnet blocks were cutoff machined. The evaluation results of the machined state are shown in Table 2.
As seen from Table 2, the multiple cutoff machining method of the invention maintains consistent dimensional accuracy for products over a long term despite the thin abrasive blade based on cemented carbide core and is successful in reducing the number of spacer adjustments and the number of OD blade replacements. Then increases in productivity and the number of cutoff strips are attained.
OD blades (cutoff abrasive blades) were fabricated by providing a doughnut-shaped disk core of cemented carbide (consisting of WC 90 wt %/Co 10 wt %) having an outer diameter 145 mm, inner diameter 40 mm, and thickness 0.5 mm, and bonding, by the resin bonding technique, artificial diamond abrasive grains to an outer peripheral rim of the core to form an abrasive section (peripheral cutting part) containing 25% by volume of diamond grains with an average particle size of 150 μm. The axial extension of the abrasive section from the core was 0.05 mm on each side, that is, the abrasive portion had a width of 0.6 mm. (in the thickness direction of the core).
Using the OD blades, a cutting test was carried out on a workpiece which was a sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet block. The test conditions are as follows. A multiple blade assembly was manufactured by coaxially mounting 14 OD blades on a shaft at an axial spacing of 3.1 mm, with spacers interposed therebetween. The spacers each had an outer diameter 100 mm, inner diameter 40 mm, and thickness 3.1 mm. The multiple blade assembly was designed so that the magnet block was cut into magnet strips having a thickness of 3.0 mm.
The multiple blade assembly consisting of 14 OD blades and 13 spacers alternately mounted on the shaft was combined with a cutting fluid feed nozzle as shown in
The workpiece was a sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet block having a length 47 mm, width 70 mm and height 40 mm, which was polished on all six surfaces at an accuracy of ±0.05 mm by a vertical double-disk polishing tool. By the multiple blade assembly, the magnet block was transversely machined and longitudinally divided into a multiplicity of magnet strips of 3.0 mm thick. Specifically, one magnet block was cut into 13 magnet strips.
The sintered Nd—Fe—B magnet block was secured at opposite sides in the cutting direction by a jig (shown in
For machining operation, a cutting fluid was fed at a flow rate of 30 L/min. First, the multiple blade assembly was placed above one jig segment by which the magnet block was secured, and moved downward toward the magnet block so that the OD blades were inserted 1 mm from their tip into the guide grooves. While feeding cutting fluid from the feed nozzle and rotating the OD blades at 9,000 rpm (circumferential speed of 59 m/sec), the multiple blade assembly was fed at a rate of 150 mm/min from the one to the other jig segment for machining the magnet block in its transverse direction. At the end of this stroke, the assembly was fed back to the one jig segment side without changing its height. In this way, cutoff grooves of 1 mm deep were formed in the magnet block.
Next, above the one jig segment, the multiple blade assembly was moved 1 mm downward toward the magnet block. While feeding cutting fluid from the feed nozzle and rotating the OD blades at 9,000 rpm, the multiple blade assembly was fed at a rate of 150 mm/min from the one to the other jig segment for machining the magnet block in its transverse direction. At the end of this stroke, the assembly was fed back to the one jig segment side without changing its height. This machining operation was repeated 21 times in total. In this way, cutoff grooves of 21 mm deep from the upper surface were formed in the magnet block.
Thereafter, the magnet block was once released from the jig. The magnet block was turned upside down such that the side surface of the magnet block appearing on the front side in
Next, like the machining operation before the upside-down turning, the multiple blade assembly above one jig segment was moved downward toward the magnet block so that the OD blades were inserted 1 mm from their tip into the guide grooves. While feeding cutting fluid from the feed nozzle and rotating the OD blades at 9,000 rpm, the multiple blade assembly was fed at a rate of 150 mm/man from the one to the other jig segment for machining the magnet block in its transverse direction. At the end of this stroke, the assembly was fed back to the one jig segment side without changing its height. In this way, cutoff grooves of 1 mm deep were formed in the magnet block.
Next, above the one jig segment, the multiple blade assembly was moved 1 mm downward toward the magnet block. While feeding cutting fluid from the feed nozzle and rotating the OD blades at 9,000 rpm, the multiple blade assembly was fed at a rate of 150 mm/min from the one to the other jig segment for machining the magnet block in its transverse direction. At the end of this stroke, the assembly was fed back to the one jig segment side without changing its height. This machining operation was repeated 20 times in total. In this way, cutoff grooves were formed to a depth of 20 mm from the magnet block surface whereupon the cutoff grooves merged with each other, that is, the magnet block was cut into discrete strips.
The magnet strips cut using the OD blades constructed as above were measured for thickness between the machined surfaces at five points (center and corners) as shown in
A magnet block was cutoff machined by the same procedure as in Example 3 except that the spacers used in the multiple blade assembly each had an outer diameter 60 mm, inner diameter 40 mm, and thickness 3.1 mm, and the magnet block was machined throughout its overall height by repeating the 1-mm machining operation 41 times in total without turning the magnet block upside down at a mid stage. The results of thickness difference are shown in the graph of
The graphs of
Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-136822 is incorporated herein by reference.
Although some preferred embodiments have been described, many modifications and variations may be made thereto in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-136822 | Jun 2010 | JP | national |
This is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/161,034 filed on Jun. 15, 2011, which is a non-provisional application that claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) on Patent Application No. 2010-136822 filed in Japan on Jun. 16, 2010, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180200860 A1 | Jul 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13161034 | Jun 2011 | US |
| Child | 15852005 | US |
