Patent Application
20150122290
The invention relates to a method for operating a dishwasher, in particular a commercial dishwasher, which is configured as a program-operated machine, and to a corresponding dishwasher.
Program-operated machines are dishwashers which can be loaded and unloaded manually. The program-operated machines (also referred to as box-type warewashers or batch dishwashers) may include hood-type dishwashers or front-loader dishwashers. Front-loader dishwashers may be in the form of under-counter dishwashers, counter-top dishwashers or free-standing front-loader dishwashers.
A dishwasher configured as a program-operated machine usually has a treatment chamber for cleaning wash items. The treatment chamber usually has arranged beneath it a wash tank, in which liquid can flow back out of the treatment chamber by gravity. The wash tank contains wash liquid, which is usually water, to which, if appropriate, detergent can be fed.
A dishwasher configured as a program-operated machine also usually has a wash system having a wash pump, having a pipe system connected to the wash pump and having a multiplicity of spray nozzles formed in at least one wash arm.
The wash liquid located in the wash tank can be conveyed by the wash pump, via the pipe system, to the wash nozzles and sprayed in the treatment chamber, by the wash nozzles, onto the wash items which are to be cleaned. The sprayed wash liquid then flows back into the wash tank.
Such a dishwasher configured as a program-operated machine is known, for example, from DE 10 2005 023 429 A1.
The term “wash items” used here is to be understood, in particular, as being crockery, glassware, silverware, cooking utensils, baking utensils and serving trays.
A commercial dishwasher configured as a program-operated machine differs from a domestic dishwasher, in particular, in that a commercial dishwasher has to be designed such that—depending on the washing program selected—it is possible to realize program running times between one and five minutes, whereas domestic dishwashers usually have running times of up to 2.5 hours or more. The short program duration required for commercial dishwashers means that technology used in domestic dishwashers usually cannot readily be transferred to commercial dishwashers.
Commercial dishwashers which are configured as program-operated machines usually operate in two main process steps: a first step, which contains washing with a wash liquid, and a second step, which contains final rinsing with heated fresh water and metered rinse aid.
In order for it to be possible to carry out these process steps, a commercial dishwasher configured as a program-operated machine is usually provided with two independent liquid systems, which are completely separate from one another. The one liquid system is a wash-water circuit, which is responsible for washing the wash items, wherein washing is carried out using recirculated water from the wash tank of the dishwasher. The other liquid system is a fresh-water system, which is responsible for final rinsing. The final rinsing is carried out using fresh water, preferably using fresh water from a boiler. After the spraying, the fresh water is likewise collected by the wash tank of the dishwasher.
The main task of the final rinsing is that of removing detergent solution located on the wash items. In addition, the final-rinse water which flows into the wash tank during the final-rinse step serves for regenerating the wash water present in the wash tank.
Before fresh water is sprayed, by the final-rinse operation, as final-rinse liquid and is thus led into the wash tank of the dishwasher, a quantity of wash liquid which is equal to the quantity of fresh water is pumped out of the wash tank.
It is usually the case that commercial dishwashers which are configured as program-operated machines are provided with a number of programs. These programs differ mainly by program running times of different lengths for the washing process. It is possible for the operator to select a short wash program if the wash items are lightly soiled or, if the wash items are heavily soiled to select a correspondingly longer wash program.
Commercial dishwashers which are configured as program-operated machines and for loading batches of wash items into, and unloading the same from, the treatment chamber are available, in particular, in the form of front-loader dishwashers or hood-type dishwashers. In the case of front-loader dishwashers, the crockery wash items are placed in a rack and the rack loaded with wash items is positioned in the treatment chamber of the dishwasher through a front door and, following cleaning, removed through the front door again. In the case of hood-type dishwashers, the crockery racks loaded with wash items are pushed manually into the treatment chamber from an entry side and, after completion of a dishwashing program, removed manually from the treatment chamber from an exit side. Front-loader dishwashers and hood-type dishwashers contain just a single treatment chamber for treating the wash items. The front-loader dishwashers may be under-counter dishwashers or counter-top dishwashers.
Mainly two drying methods are used in commercial dishwashers which are configured as program-operated machines. In the first method, the wash items, still hot following the final-rinse process, are removed from the machine, where they then dry in the ambient air within four to ten minutes. In order for the wash items to dry, in the method described above, they are usually left in the racks in which they have been arranged for cleaning purposes in the dishwasher.
In the second method, air drying takes place within the treatment chamber of the dishwasher. Use is made here of fresh-air drying systems. Such fresh-air drying systems for commercial front-loader or under-counter dishwashers always operate with a high volume flow of air in the region of 25 to 100 m3 per hour, in order for it to be possible for the wash items remaining in the treatment chamber to be dried in a very short period of time. The high volume flows of air are necessitated by the brevity of the drying operation in the commercial sector. In comparison with conventional drying in a domestic dishwasher, the active drying time of a commercial dishwasher is many times shorter. Whereas the drying-program running time in a domestic dishwasher is approximately 30 minutes to 2.5 hours, the drying program running time in the commercial sector is between 1.5 and 5 minutes.
In the case of air drying in a commercial dishwasher configured as a program-operated machine, fresh air is taken in from the outside and led (moved or moves) through the treatment chamber of the dishwasher, in order to take up moisture from the wash items which are to be dried. The moisture-laden drying air is usually then blown out as exhaust air into the area where the dishwasher is set up.
In particular in kitchens in which a number of dishwashers configured as program-operated machines are operated, in some cases, simultaneously, the action of blowing out the drying air into the area where the dishwashers are set up results in the temperature conditions here being adversely affected, since the action of blowing out the moisture-laden drying air, which is warm in comparison with the air in the area where the dishwashers are set up, inevitably increases the moisture content of the air in this area (ambient air). In particular, there is a risk here of the moisture content in the air in the area where the dishwashers are set up being increased to such an extent that steam condenses undesirably in particular on cool boundary surfaces in the area where the dishwashers are set up.
In order to counter this problem, it is known, from the commercial dishwashing sector, for the exhaust air which is to be expelled from the treatment chamber of the dishwasher during the drying phase to be led, in the first instance, through a drying channel, in which at least a part of the moisture contained in the exhaust air is separated off from the exhaust air by condensation before the subsequently cooled exhaust air, with correspondingly reduced moisture content, is then discharged outward via a blowing-out opening of the dishwasher, i.e. it is discharged into the atmosphere of the area where the dishwasher is set up. In specific terms, at least a part of the moisture which is expelled from the treatment chamber together with the exhaust air condenses in the drying channel.
The vastly shortened drying operation which is required for commercial dishwashers in comparison with domestic dishwashers gives rise to the not insignificant risk that—in particular on account of the high volume flow of air which is led through the treatment chamber of the dishwasher during the drying phase—the condensation which collects in the drying channel is also blown out through the blowing-out opening of the dishwasher. There is also a risk of relatively small quantities of wash liquid and final-rinse liquid passing into the drying channel, since the drying channel is usually connected to the interior of the dishwasher. In standby phases and when the machine is first started up each day, or when the machine is being heated up, it is likewise possible for droplets of condensation to form in the drying channel.
Furthermore, in the case of commercial dishwashers configured as program-operated machines, the drying channel is usually not of sufficiently large dimensions in order for the moisture content of the exhaust air which is to be expelled from the treatment chamber of the dishwasher to be reduced to the extent where this exhaust air corresponds to the moisture content of the air (ambient air) in the area where the dishwasher is set up. In the case of conventional dishwashers, the action of blowing out the exhaust air into the area where the dishwasher is set up thus inevitably results in an increase in the moisture in the ambient air, i.e. in the air in the area where the dishwasher is set up.
Accordingly, one problem with the commercial dishwashers which are known from the prior art and are configured as program-operated machines is that of continued undesirable discharge of water from the dishwasher during the drying operation (drying phase), as the dishwasher runs through its program, despite the provision of a drying channel.
A further disadvantage with conventional dishwashers known from the prior art is the relatively high consumption of fresh water and/or final-rinse liquid per dishwashing cycle, this consumption usually being between 2.4 to 3.5 liters. Account should be taken here of the fact that the consumption of chemicals, i.e. detergent and rinse aid, is proportionally dependent on the consumption of fresh water per wash cycle or dishwashing cycle. In the case of a constant fresh water supply temperature, this also applies to the heating energy.
Based on the problems explained above, it is an object of the invention to make it possible, in the case of a dishwasher configured as a program-operated machine, on the one hand for the discharge of water to be reduced further during operation, wherein, in particular, it is to be ensured that the dishwasher can also be operated as straightforwardly as possible in the area where it is set up without any high-outlay drying-channel system. It is also the intention to specify a way of making it possible to reduce the fresh water quantity or final-rinse liquid quantity necessary to clean the wash items without hereby impairing the effectiveness of the cleaning of the wash items.
This object is achieved, in respect of the method for operating a dishwasher, by the subject matter of independent patent claim 1 and, in respect of the dishwasher, by the subject matter of independent patent claim 13. Advantageous developments of the method according to the invention are specified in dependent patent claims 2 to 12 and of the dishwasher according to the invention are specified in dependent patent claims 14 to 24.
Therefore, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a dishwasher, in particular a commercial dishwasher, which is configured as a program-operated machine and has a treatment chamber, into and from which wash items can be manually inserted and removed, is proposed. The dishwasher according to the invention also has a tank, into which liquid can flow off from the treatment chamber by gravity, a wash system having a wash pump and a wash pipe system for conveying wash liquid out of the tank during a wash phase and for spraying the wash liquid through wash nozzles in the treatment chamber, a fresh water final-rinse system having at least one final-rinse pump and at least one final-rinse pipe system for conveying final-rinse liquid out of a fresh water feed device during a fresh water final-rinse phase and for spraying the final-rinse liquid through final-rinse nozzles in the treatment chamber, and also a steam final-rinse system for generating steam and for leading the steam, via a steam pipe, into the treatment chamber during a steam final-rinse phase.
The dishwasher according to the invention is also provided with a program control device for executing at least one cleaning program, the program control device being configured such that, in a cleaning cycle, first the wash phase, and afterwards the fresh water final-rinse phase and the steam final-rinse phase, are carried out simultaneously, with a time lag, successively, or in a chronologically overlapping manner.
The term “steam” used here is to be understood, in particular, as being gaseous or vaporous steam which is introduced into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher during the steam final-rinse phase, or is fed to the treatment chamber of the dishwasher in some other way, with the aim of removing the remaining wash liquid (detergent solution) located on the wash items following the wash phase.
Equally, the term “final-rinse fluid” used here is to be understood as being any gaseous or vaporous or liquid substance which is sprayed into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher during the final-rinse phase, composed of the fresh water final-rinse phase and the steam final-rinse phase, or is fed to the treatment chamber of the dishwasher in some other way, likewise with the aim of removing the remaining wash liquid (detergent solution) located on the wash items following the wash phase.
The present invention is based on the finding that the steam led into the treatment chamber during the steam final-rinse phase can be used in order to remove remaining wash liquid, in particular detergent solution, from the surfaces of the wash items.
Since, according to the invention, the final-rinse phase is composed of a fresh water final-rinse phase, on the one hand, and a steam final-rinse phase, on the other hand, it is possible to reduce the overall water consumption per cleaning cycle, wherein the amount of energy which has to be used per cleaning cycle and the chemical costs are reduced at the same time.
Tests have shown that steam which condenses on surfaces of wash items gives rise to extremely good rinse-off effects. In accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, the steam which is introduced into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher during the steam final-rinse phase is distributed uniformly in the treatment chamber, and therefore this steam introduced into the treatment chamber reaches, in particular, even any occluded zones of the wash items which may be present, i.e. surfaces of the wash items which cannot be reached directly by a spray jet. In other words, this means that the steam introduced into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher during the steam final-rinse phase reaches every surface of the wash items within the treatment chamber irrespective of the position and of the orientation of the wash item surface, and can be applied essentially in equal parts (uniformly) to the surfaces of the wash items. This advantageous effect cannot be achieved in the case of a final-rinse phase which comprises merely a fresh water final-rinse phase, in which, rather than steam, final-rinse liquid is sprayed into the treatment chamber.
Restrictions to using steam as dishwashing medium are constituted by surfaces of wash items which, on account of their geometrical shape, do not allow gravity-induced flow off, i.e. do not allow liquid to flow off by gravity. These restrictions can occur, for example, in the case of wash items with base depressions, such as in the case of bowls or glasses, when these wash items are positioned correspondingly in the treatment chamber of the dishwasher and the orientation of at least some of the surfaces of the wash items does not allow liquid to flow off by gravity.
The aforementioned restriction means that, as final-rinse phase, a steam final-rinse phase alone is not always sufficient for a good cleaning result. For this reason, according to the present invention, the final-rinse phase used for rinsing off the wash liquid remaining on the surfaces of the wash items following the wash phase is composed of the steam final-rinse phase and of the fresh water final-rinse phase. It has been found that only the combination of a fresh water final-rinse phase and of a steam final-rinse phase gives a thorough cleaning result.
In comparison with a final-rinse phase which is carried out in the case of a conventional dishwasher known from the prior art, the solution according to the invention, in which the fresh water final-rinse phase is used in conjunction with the steam final-rinse phase, makes it possible for the total quantity of fresh water used during the final-rinse phase to be reduced considerably.
The steam which is to be introduced into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher in the steam final-rinse phase is supplied, at least partially, by a steam final-rinse system. According to the invention, for this purpose, the steam final-rinse system has a sorption unit having a reversibly dehydratable dry material.
The term “reversibly dehydratable dry material” used here is understood as being a sorption agent or sorbent which is intended to store moisture during an adsorption phase, wherein at least a part of the moisture stored during the adsorption phase is discharged or released again in a so-called regeneration phase. The dry material is, for example, a sorption agent which has zeolite. Zeolite is a crystalline mineral which contains oxides of silicon and aluminum in the skeleton structure. The regular skeleton structure contains cavities in which water molecules can be adsorbed, with heat being released in the process. Within the skeleton structure, the water molecules are exposed to strong field forces, the strength of which depends on the temperature of the zeolite material and on the quantity of water already contained in the skeleton structure. A suitable dry material here is, in particular, type Y zeolite, since this material is particularly stable even under extreme hydrothermal conditions.
According to the present invention, the reversibly dehydratable dry material of the sorption unit, which belongs to the steam final-rinse system, is used, where necessary, in order to withdraw moisture, during an adsorption phase, from the air volume enclosed by the treatment chamber of the dishwasher. For this purpose, air is led out of the treatment chamber through the sorption unit, having the reversibly dehydratable dry material, such that the dry material can absorb moisture from the air flow. The air is then fed back to the treatment chamber. For this purpose, the steam final-rinse system has a fan which can be activated preferably by a program control device and is intended for the formation, where necessary, of an air circuit in the treatment chamber, such that at least a part of the air is led out of the treatment chamber through the sorption unit and subsequently fed back to the treatment chamber.
Accordingly, during the adsorption phase of the dry material, moisture is withdrawn from the air circulating in the treatment chamber, to be precise by at least a part of the air being guided through the sorption unit. The dry material of the sorption unit here adsorbs moisture from the air, which is integrated in the structure of the dry material. During this adsorption phase, adsorption heat is also released, as a result of which the fraction of air which passes through the sorption unit is heated correspondingly.
In the adsorption phase, the sorption unit, which belongs to the steam final-rinse system, thus performs a double function: first of all, when air is guided out of the treatment chamber of the dishwasher through the sorption unit, at least a part of the moisture present in the air is retained by the dry material, and therefore the air passing through the sorption unit is dried correspondingly. Secondly, the air guided through the sorption unit is heated since the dry material releases heat as it adsorbs moisture. Therefore, the air guided through the sorption unit during the adsorption phase is not only dried; rather, there is a simultaneous increase in the temperature of the air.
Accordingly, the hot air dried following passage through the sorption unit can be guided back into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher and used for drying the wash items. The higher air temperature allows a significant improvement in the drying quality specifically for wash items made of plastics material.
As already explained, the dry material of the sorption unit, which belongs to the steam final-rinse system, is reversibly dehydratable. Accordingly, once moisture has accumulated on the dry material and/or once the dry material has adsorbed moisture, the dry material can be regenerated again, as a result of which at least a part of the previously adsorbed moisture is discharged again from the dry material (desorption). For this purpose, during the so-called desorption phase, the dry material of the sorption unit is heated and air is led out of the treatment chamber of the dishwasher through the sorption unit, which has the heated dry material. For this purpose, the dishwasher according to the invention has a heating device which belongs to the steam final-rinse system and can be activated, preferably by the program control device, for, where necessary, heating the dry material during a desorption phase.
The air flow through the sorption unit having the heated dry material is generated here preferably with the aid of the already mentioned fan, with the aid of which, as early as the adsorption phase, air has been led out of the treatment chamber of the dishwasher through the sorption unit. Of course, it is nevertheless also possible, for this purpose, to use a further (additional) fan.
According to the invention, during the desorption phase, with the aid of the fan, air is led out of the treatment chamber of the dishwasher through the sorption unit having the heated dry material such that moisture is desorbed from the dry material and at least a part of the thermal energy previously introduced into the dry material, and at least a part of the moisture desorbed from the dry material, is discharged as steam from the sorption unit with the aid of the air flow led through the sorption unit. This steam discharged from the sorption unit is led into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher at least partially during the steam final-rinse phase of the dishwasher.
The advantages which can be achieved by the solution according to the invention are obvious: providing a sorption unit having a reversibly dehydratable dry material allows air drying in the treatment chamber of the dishwasher with drying air without the drying air then having to be blown outward into the atmosphere of the area where the dishwasher is set up since, on account of the sorption unit being provided, the drying air can be recirculated continuously in the treatment chamber. According to the invention, the moisture taken up by the drying air during the drying operation is adsorbed by the dry material of the sorption unit by air being led out of the treatment chamber of the dishwasher through the sorption unit having the reversibly dehydratable dry material, and therefore the dry material absorbs moisture from the air flow, after which the dried air is fed back to the treatment chamber. This ensures that the dishwasher can be operated, even without a high-outlay drying-channel system in the area where it is set up, without an undesirable increase in the moisture in the ambient air, i.e. in the air in the area where the dishwasher is set up, having to be expected. Furthermore, the drying quality can be improved significantly, specifically in the case of wash items made of plastics material, since the air which is dried in the sorption unit and guided back in the treatment chamber is correspondingly heated.
Since, on the other hand, at least a part of the moisture which is discharged by the dry material in the desorption phase of the sorption unit is used, according to the solution of the invention, as final-rinse fluid during the steam final-rinse phase, it is possible, in comparison with a final-rinse phase carried out for a conventional dishwasher known from the prior art, for the total quantity of fresh water used during the final-rinse phase to be reduced considerably. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is no longer imperative, in order to realize the steam final-rinse phase, for example with the aid of a steam generator connected to a fresh water supply pipe, for final-rinse liquid, i.e. fresh water alone or fresh with added rinse aid, to be evaporated, which additionally cuts back on resources required (fresh water and energy). This is attributable, in particular, to the fact that the moisture discharged by the dry material during the desorption phase is utilized directly, in the form of steam, for steam final-rinsing purposes.
In a preferred realization of the method according to the invention, it is provided that, following a standard wash phase, the abovedescribed fresh water final-rinse phase is carried out with a reduced quantity of fresh water of 0.5 to 2.0 litres, and preferably with a reduced quantity of fresh water of 1.0 to 1.7 litres. The steam final-rinse phase takes place after the completion of the fresh water final-rinse phase, in advance of the fresh water final-rinse phase or in a chronologically overlapping manner with the fresh water final-rinse phase and, during this steam final-rinse phase, remaining wash liquid is rinsed off completely from the surfaces of the wash items with the aid of the steam introduced into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher. During this steam final-rinse phase, a total of 20 to 150 g, preferably 30 to 100 g, and still more preferably 40 to 70 g water are fed in the vaporous state to the treatment chamber. The quantities of fresh water specified for this preferred realization of the solution according to the invention always relate to a dishwasher in the form of a program-operated machine of which the treatment chamber is intended for a crockery rack of dimensions 500 mm×500 mm, and therefore, as seen in the plan view of the treatment chamber, the wall of the treatment chamber encloses a unit surface area of dimensions 500 mm×500 mm.
In the case of the aforementioned preferred realization of the solution according to the invention, the steam final-rinse phase lasts a total of approximately 5 to 60 seconds and preferably a total of 10 to 30 seconds. The steam final-rinse phase is followed by a condensation and draining phase, which lasts for a defined period of time and in which the steam introduced during the steam final-rinse phase into the treatment chamber of the dishwasher condenses at least partially on the surfaces of the wash items and can drain and flow off by gravity into the wash tank. The aforementioned condensation and draining phase lasts preferably approximately 5 to 60 seconds and more preferably approximately 10 to 20 seconds.
In the case of the aforementioned preferred realization of the method according to the invention, it is possible—in comparison with the cleaning methods which are usually used for dishwashers at present—for approximately 1 litre of fresh water and a corresponding quantity of detergent and rinse aid, and approximately 5 to 200 kJ of energy, to be saved per wash or dishwashing cycle.
In a preferred development of the solution according to the invention, it is provided that completion of the final-rinse phase, including the condensation and draining phase, is followed by a drying phase, during which an air circuit is formed in the treatment chamber of the dishwasher for the drying of wash items accommodated in the treatment chamber. According to the invention, it is provided here that, during the drying phase, at least a part of the air circulating in the treatment chamber is led through the sorption unit having the reversibly dehydratable dry material and is subsequently fed back to the treatment chamber. The adsorption phase of the sorption unit, which belongs to the steam final-rinse system and through which at least a part of the drying air circulating in the treatment chamber is led during the drying phase, is preferably simultaneous or chronologically overlapping with the drying phase. On the other hand, it is advantageous if the desorption phase of the sorption unit is performed before or simultaneously with the final-rinse phase, in particular steam final-rinse phase, of the dishwasher.
Exemplary embodiments of the solution according to the invention will be explained in more detail hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
The invention relates to commercial dishwashers, in particular crockery or utensil washers, in the form of a program-operated machine. They contain a program control device 101, for controlling at least one cleaning program, and a treatment chamber 2, which can be closed by a door (not shown) or a hood (not shown) and is located in a machine housing for accommodating wash items which are to be cleaned (not shown), for example crockery, silverware, pots, pans and trays.
The treatment chamber 2 has located beneath it a wash tank 12 for accommodating sprayed liquid from the treatment chamber 2. A wash pump 13 is provided for conveying wash liquid out of the wash tank 12, through a wash liquid pipe system 16, to wash nozzles 11a, 11b, which are directed, in the treatment chamber 2, onto the region of the wash items which are to be cleaned and which spray the wash liquid onto the wash items which are to be cleaned. The sprayed wash liquid returns by gravity into the wash tank 12. The wash tank 12, the wash pump 13, the wash liquid pipe system 16 and the wash nozzles 11, together with the treatment chamber 2, therefore form a wash liquid circuit. The wash liquid pipe system 16 connects the pressure side of the wash pump 13 to the wash nozzles 11a, 11b.
Also provided is a final-rinse system for conveying final-rinse liquid, by means of a final-rinse pump 14, through a final-rinse pipe system 17 to final-rinse nozzles 15a, 15b, which are directed, in the treatment chamber 2, onto the region of the wash items which are to be cleaned. The sprayed final-rinse liquid returns by gravity from the treatment chamber 2 into the wash tank 12. The final-rinse liquid pipe system 17 connects the pressure side of the final-rinse pump 14 to the final-rinse nozzles 15a, 15b.
It is possible for the wash nozzles 11a, 11b and the final-rinse nozzles 15a, 15b to be arranged within the treatment chamber 2 in the regions above and/or beneath and—if desired—also to the sides of the wash item region, and to be directed in each case toward the region in which the wash items are positioned.
It is preferable for a multiplicity of wash nozzles 11a to be provided on at least one upper wash arm, for a multiplicity of wash nozzles 11b to be provided on at least one lower wash arm, for a multiplicity of final-rinse nozzles 15a to be provided on at least one upper final-rinse arm and for a multiplicity of final-rinse nozzles 15b to be provided on at least one lower final-rinse arm.
Before final-rinse liquid is sprayed during the final-rinse phase, in each case a quantity of wash liquid which corresponds to the final-rinse liquid is pumped out of the wash tank 12 by means of a drainage pump 5, of which the suction side is connected, via a discharge pipe 4, to a sump of the wash tank 12.
If the wash tank 12 is empty prior to initial starting of the dishwasher 1 configured as a program-operated machine, it must first be filled with fresh water via a fresh water pipe (not shown) or with fresh water or some other final-rinse liquid or wash liquid by means of the final-rinse system and the final-rinse pump 14 thereof.
The final-rinse liquid may be fresh water or fresh water mixed with rinse aid.
The wash liquid contains detergent, which is added, preferably automatically, to the liquid contained in the wash tank 12 by means of a detergent-metering device (not shown).
The program control device 101 controls the wash pump 13, the final-rinse pump 14, the drainage pump 5 and the detergent-solution pump (not shown) in dependence on the cleaning program selected by an operator in each case using the program control device 101. At least one cleaning program is provided, and preferably a number of optionally selectable cleaning programs are provided.
The dishwasher 1 according to the invention also has a steam final-rinse system, which is intended, where necessary, to generate or supply steam and, during a steam final-rinse phase to lead the generated or supplied steam into the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1. According to the invention, the steam final-rinse system has a sorption unit 41. This sorption unit 41 is usually a container, in which a reversibly dehydratable dry material has been introduced. This dry material is preferably a sorption agent which has zeolite. A suitable dry material is, in particular, type Y zeolite, since this material is particularly stable even under extreme hydrothermal conditions.
The steam final-rinse system also has a pipe system 43, which is connected, on the one hand, to the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1 and, on the other hand, to an inlet 41b of the sorption unit 41, or can be connected thereto for example via a valve, as well as a pipe system 42 which is connected, or can be connected correspondingly, on the one hand, to an outlet 41a of the sorption unit 41 and, on the other hand, to the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1. Via these pipe systems 42, 43, it is possible, with the aid of a fan 44 assigned to the steam final-rinse system, to form an air circuit if required, so that at least a part of the air is taken in from the treatment chamber 2 and fed to the sorption unit 41 via the pipe system 42. This air taken in out of the treatment chamber 2 is then led through the sorption unit 41 and the dry material of the sorption unit, after which it is fed back to the treatment chamber 2 via the outlet 41a of the sorption unit 41 and the pipe system 42.
This makes it possible for moisture to be withdrawn from the air removed from the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1 since, as flow takes place through the sorption unit 41, the dry material adsorbs moisture from the air, which is integrated in the structure of the dry material. During this so-called adsorption phase, in which moisture from the air removed from the treatment chamber 2 is adsorbed by the dry material of the sorption unit 41, adsorption heat is also released, as a result of which the air which has been led through the sorption unit 41 is heated correspondingly. Therefore, the sorption unit 41, when operated in its adsorption phase, performs a double function: first of all, when air is guided out of the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1 through the sorption unit 41, at least a part of the moisture present in the air (steam) is retained by the dry material of the sorption unit 41, and therefore the air passing through the sorption unit 41 is dried correspondingly. Secondly, the air guided through the sorption unit 41 is heated when the sorption unit 41 is located in its adsorption phase since the dry material of the sorption unit 41 releases heat as it adsorbs moisture. Therefore, the air from the treatment chamber 2 which is guided through the sorption unit 41 located during its adsorption phase is not only dried; rather, there is a simultaneous increase in the temperature of the air.
The hot air dried following passage through the sorption unit is guided back into the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1 and can be used for drying the wash items accommodated in the treatment chamber 2. To this extent, it is preferred if the adsorption phase of the sorption unit 41 takes place during a drying phase of the dishwasher 1, in order for it to be possible for the heat which is released by the dry material of the sorption unit 41 as it adsorbs moisture to be used for drying the wash items. The higher air temperature here allows a significant improvement in the drying quality specifically for wash items made of plastics material. In particular, it is thus also possible for the drying time to be reduced, in some cases, significantly. This is an essential factor in particular for commercial dishwashing.
The term “adsorption phase” used here is to be understood as being a state of the sorption unit 41 in which air is led out of the treatment chamber 2 through the reversibly dehydratable dry material of said sorption unit 41 such that the dry material absorbs moisture from the air flow, after which the dried and heated air is fed back to the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1. On the other hand, the term “desorption phase” here is to be understood as being a state in which the sorption unit 41 exists when the dry material of said sorption unit 41 is heated and air is led out of the treatment chamber 2 through the sorption unit 41 having the heated dry material such that moisture is desorbed from the dry material and at least a part of the thermal energy previously introduced into the dry material, and at least a part of the moisture desorbed from the dry material, is discharged from the sorption unit 41 with the aid of the air flow led through the sorption unit 41.
In order for it to be possible to regenerate the dry material of the sorption unit 41 during the desorption phase, it is necessary—as already explained—to heat the dry material correspondingly. For this purpose, in the case of those embodiments of the dishwasher 1 according to the invention which are illustrated in the drawings, the sorption unit 41 is assigned a for example electrically operated heating device 45 which is intended to heat, where necessary, the dry material of the sorption unit 41 during a desorption phase or directly before the desorption phase is initiated. The desorption sub-process is carried out following the adsorption phase, to be precise by the sorption unit 41 being fed heat, for example in the form of electrical energy, steam, gas or hot water. Simultaneously or with a time lag, through the sorption unit 41 located in the desorption phase, air is blown out of the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1, via the pipe system 43, with the aid of the fan 44, which is assigned to the steam final-rinse system, and this air takes up the water desorbed as steam from the dry material. As it passes through the sorption unit 41 located in the desorption phase, the air from the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1 takes up at least a part of the moisture desorbed from the dry material in the form of steam and a part of the thermal energy previously introduced into the dry material. The air is then fed back to the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1 via the pipe system 42.
According to the invention, the moisture desorbed from the dry material during the desorption phase is fed to the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1 for steam final-rinsing purposes.
In the case of that embodiment of the dishwasher 1 according to the invention which is illustrated in
In the case of that embodiment of the dishwasher 1 according to the invention which is illustrated in
The boiler 22, which, according to the embodiment illustrated in
In the case of that embodiment of the dishwasher 1 according to the invention which is illustrated in
In the case of that embodiment of the dishwasher 1 according to the invention which is illustrated in
The fresh water container 6 has an inlet 7, which is connected to a fresh water supply pipe 26. Via this fresh water supply pipe 26, the fresh water container 6 is fed either fresh water alone or fresh water with added rinse aid. Of course, it is nevertheless also conceivable for a metering device for adding rinse aid (this device not being illustrated in
In the case of that embodiment of the dishwasher 1 according to the invention which is illustrated in
The return-prevention means 9 has as outlet 31, which is connected to a water-softening device 33 via fresh water supply pipes 27 and 32. The water-softening device 33 has, on the one hand, a salt container 34, which is connected to the fresh water supply pipe 32, and, on the other hand, first and second water softeners 35a, 35b which are arranged parallel to one another. The two water softeners 35a, 35b, which are arranged parallel to one another, are connected to the outlet of the return-prevention means 16 via a corresponding fresh water pipe system and the fresh water supply pipe 27. The water softeners 35a, 35b of the water-softening device 33 can be operated alternately, by suitable activation of valves 36, in order to soften the fresh water fed to the boiler 22 via the fresh water supply pipes 28 and 24 and the fresh water fed to the fresh water container 6 via the fresh water supply pipes 28, 24 and 37.
The salt container 34, which belongs to the water-softening device 33, contains a suitable salt or a suitable chemical by means of which, where necessary, a water-softening agent added via the water softeners 35a, 35b, or a dissociation product resulting from a water-softening agent being added, can be suitably regenerated. The salt container 34 can be refilled with the salt or the chemical from the treatment chamber 2 of the dishwasher 1 via an opening which can be closed by a cover 38.
In the case of that embodiment of the dishwasher 1 according to the invention which is illustrated in
All the embodiments which are illustrated in the drawings additionally have a program control device 101. This program control device 101 serves for executing at least one cleaning program, the program control device 101 being connected to the activatable components of the dishwasher 1, for example to the valves 49, 50, 51, to the wash pump 13, to the final-rinse pump 12 (cf.
Should it not be possible, during the steam final-rinse phase, for a sufficient quantity of steam to be supplied from the sorption unit 41, it is possible, according to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, for the steam necessary for the steam final-rinse phase, or at least a part of the steam necessary for the steam final-rinse phase, to be generated in the steam generators 39, this steam then being introduced into the treatment chamber 2 via the steam pipe 40.
The steam final-rinse phase begins in advance of, or preferably after, the fresh water final-rinse phase. As an alternative to this, however, it is also conceivable for the steam final-rinse phase and the fresh water final-rinse phase to overlap chronologically at least partially.
The program control device 101 is preferably also configured such that the steam final-rinse phase is followed for a certain period of time, in a program-controlled manner, by a condensation and draining phase, during which the steam introduced into the treatment chamber 2 during the steam final-rinse phase can condense and drain out of the treatment chamber 2 at least partially into the wash tank 12 before the end of the program has been reached.
In addition, it is advantageous if the program control device 101 is configured such that completion of the final-rinse phase, including the condensation and draining phase, is followed for a certain period of time, in a program-controlled manner, by a drying phase, during which an air circuit is formed in the treatment chamber 2 for the drying of wash items accommodated in the treatment chamber 2. In a preferred realization of the solution according to the invention, at least a part of the drying air circulating in the treatment chamber 2 is led, during this drying phase, through the sorption unit 41 having the reversibly dehydratable dry material and is subsequently fed back to the treatment chamber 2. The program control device 101 here is configured such that the adsorption phase of the sorption unit 41 is simultaneous or chronologically overlapping with the drying phase.
On the other hand, it is advantageous if the desorption phase of the sorption unit 41 is performed directly before or simultaneously with the final-rinse phase, in particular steam final-rinse phase.
In the case of those embodiments of the dishwasher 1 according to the invention which are illustrated schematically in the drawings, the sorption unit 41 is assigned a sensor device 52, which serves to determine the moisture-absorption capacity of the dry material of the sorption unit 41 and/or to detect the total moisture quantity adsorbed by the dry material of the sorption unit 41. It is conceivable here for the moisture-absorption capacity and/or the total moisture quantity adsorbed to be detected via the weight of the dry material, via the duration of the adsorption phase and/or via the moisture content of the air at the outlet 41b of the sorption unit 41.
It is conceivable in this context, for example, for the program control device 101 to be designed to preferably selectively automatically connect an additional steam generator, for example the steam generator 39, during the steam final-rinse phase if the moisture quantity detected with the sensor device 52 at the start of the steam final-rinse phase and adsorbed by the dry material is less than a previously defined or definable lower threshold value.
On the other hand, it is conceivable for the program control device 101 to be designed to terminate the steam final-rinse phase automatically as soon as a previously defined or definable quantity of moisture has been desorbed from the dry material of the sorption unit 41.
The invention, rather than being limited to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, can be gathered by taking an overview of all the features disclosed herein.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102012207565.8 | May 2012 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2013/039172 | 5/2/2013 | WO | 00 |
