Patent Application
20240124307
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of methods for preparing positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, and in particular to a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate and use thereof.
A positive electrode material of lithium iron phosphate is currently the fastest-developed positive electrode material for a lithium battery in China. It has a wide range of raw materials and a low price. It is widely applied in automobiles, electric tools, energy storage devices, emergency power supply devices, mobile power supplies and the like in the domestic battery industry. New energy electric vehicles are the main application field of it, and the share of lithium iron phosphate accounts for more than 45% of the positive electrode material for the lithium battery. Compared with other positive electrode materials, lithium iron phosphate has the advantages of safety, environmental protection, a low cost, a long cycling life, good high-temperature performance and the like, and thus is one of the most potential positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Currently, the methods for preparing lithium iron phosphate mainly include a solid phase method, a carbon-thermal reduction method, a sol-gel template method and the like.
For example, CN105024073A discloses ferric hydroxyphosphate as a positive electrode material for a lithium-ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The positive electrode material for a lithium-ion battery has a molecular formula of Fe2.95(PO4)2(OH)2, and the preparation method thereof is adding water into a H3PO4 solution and FeCl3 solid powder and mixing evenly, adding methyltriethylammonium chloride to adjust the pH to 2.0-3.5, controlling the temperature at 150-200° C. for a hydrothermal synthesis reaction for 30 h to obtain a reaction solution, and subjecting the reaction solution to centrifugal separation, washing and drying to obtain Fe2.95(PO4)2(OH)2.
In the journal “Study on Performance of LiFePO4 Prepared from Fe5(PO4)4(OH)3 as Cathode Material of Lithium Ion Battery”, phosphorus chemical by-products phosphorus iron waste residues, phosphoric acid and hydrogen peroxide are used as raw materials to synthesize ferric hydroxyphosphate, and in turn to prepare lithium iron phosphate.
However, the aforementioned method requires a high reaction temperature, a long reaction time, harsh reaction conditions, equipment with high production requirements, and low generation efficiency, which does not meet the requirement of reducing the cost of lithium iron phosphate in the current market. Moreover, the cost of raw materials in the aforementioned method is high, and thereafter there are many impurities in the finished product that are difficult to remove, which will subsequently affect the product performance of ferric hydroxyphosphate and also the product performance of lithium iron phosphate.
In view of the above, the present disclosure is intended to solve at least one of the technical problems existed in the prior art. To this end, the present disclosure proposes a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate and use thereof. In the present method, ferrous sulfate is used as a material, and added with hydrogen peroxide, phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonia water to synthesize ferric hydroxyphosphate, so as to prepare lithium iron phosphate with high compaction density and high capacity. Moreover, the method has high production efficiency and low production cost, and is suitable for application in large-scale industrial production.
For this reason, in a first aspect, a first embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, including: adding ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, into a phosphorus source and a precipitant for purification, so as to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution after purification through press filtration; adding an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce a pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution; adding hydrogen peroxide, phosphoric acid, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and ammonia water into the ferrous sulfate solution, then reacting for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, holding the mixed slurry at a temperature for a period of time, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios; subjecting the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors to flash drying in a flash drier, and sintering at high temperature for a certain period of time to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas; pulverizing the sintered material with a mechanical mill, and mixing with a ribbon mixer to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas; mixing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a low iron-phosphorus ratio according to a certain proportion, then proportioning with a lithium source and an iron source according to a certain proportion, and adding a certain amount of a carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material; subjecting the aforementioned mixed material to sanding to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; and spray-drying the nano-sized sanded slurry to obtain a sprayed material; putting the aforementioned sprayed material in a box furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered material, and pulverizing the sintered material through a jet mill to obtain a pulverized material; and further subjecting the aforementioned pulverized material to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
Preferably, in the step S1, according to a mass ratio, the ferrous sulfate:the phosphorus source:the precipitant=1:[0.001-0.005]:[0.005-0.007], the purification is conducted at a reaction temperature of 40° C. and a reaction pH value of 2.2-2.5 for a reaction time of 1 h, the phosphorus source is one or more of phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, and sodium phosphate, and the precipitant is one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and ammonia water.
Preferably, in the step S2, the addition amount of the phosphoric acid is according to a molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15; in the step S3, when an iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies an iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.475-1.490, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio can be formed; and when the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies the iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.460-1.475, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio can be generated.
Preferably, in the step S3, the number of washing with water is at least several, the first time of washing with water mainly washes away impurities magnesium, manganese and sulfur elements, 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the last time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion. The concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 30%-60%, and the temperature holding time for the mixed slurry at room temperature is 3 h.
Preferably, the step S3 includes: adding excess hydrogen peroxide into the ferrous sulfate solution to continue oxidation for a certain period of time; dissolving ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder with water to formulate a ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 30% at a dissolution temperature of 30-40° C., and then adding a phosphoric acid solution and ammonia water into the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and mix evenly under stirring to form a mixed ammonium phosphate solution; and adding the mixed ammonium phosphate solution into the oxidized ferrous sulfate solution, adjusting a pH value of the solution to 3.00±0.02, holding at room temperature for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios.
Preferably, in the step S4, the flash drier is controlled at an air inlet temperature of 220±20° C. and an air outlet temperature of 110±5° C., the sintering is conducted at an atmosphere of air and a temperature of 535-560° C. for a time of 4-5 h; and in the step S5, the particle size is controlled at D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm, and the mixer is controlled at a mixing frequency of 35±2 Hz for a mixing time of 1-2 h.
Preferably, in the step S5, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio has a high specific surface area that satisfies BET=15-20 m2/g and the that satisfies Fe/P=1.460-1.480; and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio has a lower specific surface area that satisfies BET=5-10 m2/g and the iron-phosphorus molar ratio that satisfies Fe/P=1.440-1.460.
Preferably, in the step S6, according to the molar ratio of Li:Fe:P=[1.03-1.04]:1:[1.03-1.04], the addition amount of the carbon source is on the basis that a carbon content in a final product is between 1.2%-1.6%, the lithium source is one or more of lithium phosphate, lithium carbonate, a lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material, and a low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material, the iron source is one or more of iron phosphate and iron oxide, the carbon source is one or more of sucrose, glucose, citric acid, starch and polyethylene glycol, the additive is selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, ammonium metavanadate and niobium pentoxide and is controlled at a doping amount between 300-3,000 ppm; in the step S7, a sanding particle size in the sanding slurry is controlled to be between 0.45-0.75 μm, and in the spray drying, the air inlet temperature is 200-220° C., the air outlet temperature is 80-110° C., the air blast frequency is 80 Hz, and a spraying particle size in the sprayed material is controlled between D50=20-40 μm; and in the step S8, the sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of nitrogen at a sintering temperature of 750-780° C. and a heating rate of 3° C./min for a sintering time of 8-12 h, and then natural cooling is conducted to obtain the sintered material, and during the pulverizing process, it is controlled that a gas pressure is between 0.2-0.4 Mpa, a fractionation frequency is 80-200 Hz, and a particle size of the pulverized material satisfies: D10>0.35 μm, D50=0.7-2.0 μm, D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Preferably, a second embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, including: adding ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, into a phosphorus source and a precipitant for purification, so as to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution after purification through press filtration; adding an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce a pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution; sequentially adding hydrogen peroxide, phosphoric acid, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and ammonia water into the ferrous sulfate solution, then reacting for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, heating and holding the mixed slurry at a temperature for a period of time, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios; subjecting the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors to flash drying in a flash drier, and sintering at high temperature for a certain period of time to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas; pulverizing the sintered material with a mechanical mill, and mixing with a ribbon mixer to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas; mixing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the high specific surface area with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio and the low specific surface area according to a certain proportion, then proportioning with iron phosphate, lithium phosphate and lithium carbonate according to a certain proportion, and adding a certain amount of a carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material; subjecting the aforementioned mixed material to sanding to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; and spray-drying the nano-sized sanded slurry to obtain a sprayed material; putting the aforementioned sprayed material in a box furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered material, and pulverizing the sintered material through a jet mill to obtain a pulverized material; and further subjecting the aforementioned pulverized material to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
Preferably, the step S3 includes: adding excess hydrogen peroxide into the ferrous sulfate solution to continue oxidation for a certain period of time; adding a phosphoric acid solution into the oxidized ferrous sulfate solution, then dissolving ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder with water to formulate an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 30% at a dissolution temperature of 30-40° C., and then adding the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution into the oxidized ferrous sulfate solution; and adding ammonia water into the ferrous sulfate solution, adjusting a pH value of the solution to 3.00±0.02, reacting for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, heating and holding the mixed slurry at a temperature for a period of time, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios.
Preferably, a third embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, including: adding ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, into a phosphorus source and a precipitant for purification, so as to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution after purification through press filtration; adding an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce a pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution; sequentially adding phosphoric acid, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia water into the ferrous sulfate solution, then reacting for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, heating and holding the mixed slurry at a temperature for a period of time, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios; subjecting the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors to flash drying in a flash drier, and sintering at high temperature for a certain period of time to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas; pulverizing the sintered material with a mechanical mill, and mixing with a ribbon mixer to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas; mixing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the high specific surface area with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio and the low specific surface area according to a certain proportion, then proportioning with iron oxide, lithium phosphate, lithium carbonate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to a certain proportion, and adding a certain amount of a carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material; subjecting the aforementioned mixed material to sanding to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; and spray-drying the nano-sized sanded slurry to obtain a sprayed material; putting the aforementioned sprayed material in a box furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered material, and pulverizing the sintered material through a jet mill to obtain a pulverized material; and further subjecting the aforementioned pulverized material to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
Preferably, the step S3 includes: adding a phosphoric acid solution into the ferrous sulfate solution, then dissolving ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder with water to formulate an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 30% at a dissolution temperature of 30-40° C., and then adding the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution into the ferrous sulfate solution; adding excess hydrogen peroxide into the ferrous sulfate solution to continue oxidation for a certain period of time; and adding ammonia water into the ferrous sulfate solution, adjusting a pH value of the solution to 3.00±0.02, reacting for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, heating and holding the mixed slurry at a temperature for a period of time, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios.
Preferably, a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, including: adding ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, into a phosphorus source and a precipitant for purification, so as to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution after purification through press filtration; adding an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce a pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution; adding hydrogen peroxide, phosphoric acid, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and ammonia water into the ferrous sulfate solution, then reacting for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, holding the mixed slurry at room temperature for a period of time, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios; subjecting the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors to flash drying in a flash drier, and sintering at high temperature for a certain period of time to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas; pulverizing the sintered material with a mechanical mill, and mixing with a ribbon mixer to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas; mixing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a low iron-phosphorus ratio according to a certain proportion, then proportioning with lithium phosphate and a lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material according to a certain proportion, and adding a certain amount of a carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material; subjecting the aforementioned mixed material to sanding to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; and spray-drying the nano-sized sanded slurry to obtain a sprayed material; putting the aforementioned sprayed material in a box furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered material, and pulverizing the sintered material through a jet mill to obtain a pulverized material; and further subjecting the aforementioned pulverized material to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
Preferably, the step S3 includes: adding excess hydrogen peroxide into the ferrous sulfate solution to continue oxidation for a certain period of time; dissolving ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder with water to formulate a ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 30% at a dissolution temperature of 30-40° C., and then adding a phosphoric acid solution and ammonia water into the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and mix evenly under stirring to form a mixed ammonium phosphate solution; and adding the mixed ammonium phosphate solution into the oxidized ferrous sulfate solution, adjusting a pH value of the solution to 3.00±0.02, reacting for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, holding the mixed slurry at room temperature for a period of time, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios.
Preferably, in the step S6, a method for preparing the lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material includes: pulverizing a waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode pole piece, and sieving to separate a foil material and a raw material for the lithium iron phosphate pole piece material; sintering the raw material of the lithium iron phosphate pole piece material in an inert atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 400-500° C. for a sintering time of 1-4 hours, and then pulverizing to a particle size of 1-5 μm to obtain the lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material.
Preferably, a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, including: adding ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, into a phosphorus source and a precipitant for purification, so as to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution after purification through press filtration; adding an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce a pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution; adding hydrogen peroxide, phosphoric acid, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and ammonia water into the ferrous sulfate solution, then reacting for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, holding the mixed slurry at room temperature for a period of time, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios; subjecting the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors to flash drying in a flash drier, and sintering at high temperature for a certain period of time to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas; pulverizing the sintered material with a mechanical mill, and mixing with a ribbon mixer to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas; mixing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a low iron-phosphorus ratio according to a certain proportion, then proportioning with lithium phosphate and a low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material according to a certain proportion, and adding a certain amount of a carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material; subjecting the aforementioned mixed material to sanding to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; and spray-drying the nano-sized sanded slurry to obtain a sprayed material; putting the aforementioned sprayed material in a box furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered material, and pulverizing the sintered material through a jet mill to obtain a pulverized material; and further subjecting the aforementioned pulverized material to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
Preferably, the step S3 includes: adding excess hydrogen peroxide into the ferrous sulfate solution to continue oxidation for a certain period of time; dissolving ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder with water to formulate a ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 30% at a dissolution temperature of 30-40° C., and then adding a phosphoric acid solution and ammonia water into the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and mix evenly under stirring to form a mixed ammonium phosphate solution; and adding the mixed ammonium phosphate solution into the oxidized ferrous sulfate solution, adjusting a pH value of the solution to 3.00±0.02, reacting for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, holding the mixed slurry at room temperature for a period of time, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios.
Preferably, the step S6 includes: mixing iron oxide with a phosphorus source, a lithium source, a primary carbon source and a dopant, then adding water and stirring to obtain a slurry; sequentially subjecting the slurry to wet grinding, spray drying, sintering under a nitrogen atmosphere and jet-pulverizing to obtain a pulverized low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material; and mixing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a low iron-phosphorus ratio according to a certain proportion, then proportioning with lithium phosphate and a low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material according to a certain proportion, and adding a certain amount of a secondary carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material.
Preferably, the phosphorus source is one or more of phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the lithium source is lithium carbonate and/or lithium hydroxide, the primary carbon source is one or more of sucrose, glucose, citric acid, starch and polyethylene glycol, a molar ratio of the iron in the iron oxide to the phosphorus in the phosphorus source is n(Fe):n(P)=(0.96-1):1, a molar ratio of the lithium in the lithium source to the iron in the iron oxide is n(Li):n(Fe)=(1.02-1.05):1, the dopant is a metal oxide, and the metal is at least one of Ti, V, Nb and Mg; and in the step S63, the carbon content in the low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material is between 0.2%-0.5%, in the mixed material according to the molar ratio of Li:Fe:P=[1.03-1.04]:1:[1.03-1.04], the secondary carbon source is one or more of sucrose, glucose, citric acid, starch and polyethylene glycol, and the addition mount of the primary carbon source and the secondary carbon source is on the basis that the carbon content in the final product is between 1.2%-1.6%, and the additive is selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, ammonium metavanadate and niobium pentoxide and is controlled at a doping amount between 300-3,000 ppm.
In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a positive electrode material for a lithium-ion battery obtained by processing through application of the method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate provided in the first aspect above.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a lithium-ion battery including the positive electrode material for a lithium-ion battery described in the second aspect above.
In the method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate as provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, a by-product of titanium dioxide, ferrous sulfate, is utilized to generate ferric sulfate, added with other materials and reacted to generate ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios, and then subjected to different sintering processes to obtain a finished product of ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area and a finished product of ferric hydroxyphosphate with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area. The ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the high specific surface area and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio and the low specific surface area are mixed, then mixed with the lithium source and the iron source according to a certain proportion, and subsequently added with the carbon source and the additive to form the mixed material. The mixed material is subjected to sanding, spray drying, sintering, sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain the finished product of lithium iron phosphate. In the present method, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio are mixed in proportions. Such mixing of the two kinds of ferric hydroxyphosphate in proportions is conducive to the formation of large and small particles in proportions, and improves the electrochemical performance while improving the compaction density of the lithium iron phosphate material. Additionally, the present method requires a low reaction temperature, a short reaction time, low requirements for equipment and a simple process flow, which improves the production efficiency and is suitable for application in large-scale industrial production.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail hereinafter, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present disclosure, but not to be construed as limitations to the present disclosure.
The disclosure hereafter provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different structures of the present disclosure. To simplify the disclosure of the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described hereafter. Of course, they are only examples and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Furthermore, in the present disclosure reference numbers and/or letters can be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity, and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements as discussed. Moreover, various specific process and material examples are provided by the present disclosure, but those of ordinary skills in the art can recognize the applicability of other processes and/or the use of other materials.
A first embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, which is used for preparing lithium iron phosphate with high compaction density and high capacity. As shown in
Step S1: ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, is added into a phosphorus source and a precipitant for purification, so as to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution after purification through press filtration,
wherein, according to a mass ratio, the ferrous sulfate:the phosphorus source:the precipitant=1:[0.001-0.005]:[0.005-0.007], the purification is conducted at a reaction temperature of 40° C. and a reaction pH value of 2.2-2.5 for a reaction time of 1 h.
In this embodiment, the phosphorus source can be one or more of phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate and the like, and the precipitant can be one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonia water and the like.
Step S2: an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid is added into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce a pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution,
wherein the addition amount of phosphoric acid is according to the molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15.
Step S3: hydrogen peroxide, phosphoric acid, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and ammonia water are added into the ferrous sulfate solution, then reacted for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry was held at room temperature for a period of time, and then washed with water and subjected to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios,
wherein, when an iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies an iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.475-1.490, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio can be formed; and when the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies the iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.460-1.475, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio can be generated.
In this embodiment, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is between 30%-60%, and the temperature holding time for the mixed slurry at room temperature is 3 h. The number of washing with water can be several, wherein the first time of washing with water mainly washes away impurities magnesium, manganese, sulfur and the like elements, 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the last time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion. Specifically, the number of washing with water can be 3, wherein the 1st and 2nd times of washing with water mainly washes away impurities manganese, magnesium, sulfur and the like elements, and 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the 3rd time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion.
Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in
Step S4: the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors were subjected to flash drying in a flash drier, and sintered at high temperature for a certain period of time to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas,
wherein, the flash drying of the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors is to remove free water, and it is controlled that the air inlet temperature of the flash drier is 220±20° C. and the air outlet temperature is 110±5° C. The sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of air at a temperature of 535-560° C. for a time of 4-5 h.
Step S5: the sintered material is pulverized with a mechanical mill, and mixed with a ribbon mixer to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas,
wherein, during the pulverizing process, the particle size is controlled at D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm. The mixing frequency of the mixer is controlled at 35±2 Hz, and the mixing time can be 1-2 h.
In this embodiment, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio has a high specific surface area that satisfies BET=15-20 m2/g and the that satisfies Fe/P=1.460-1.480; and the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with the low iron-phosphorus ratio has a lower specific surface area that satisfies BET=5-10 m2/g and the iron-phosphorus molar ratio that satisfies Fe/P=1.440-1.460.
Step S6: the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio is mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a low iron-phosphorus ratio according to a certain proportion, then proportioned with a lithium source and an iron source according to a certain proportion, and added with a certain amount of a carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material.
In this embodiment, the ratio of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio to the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio is between 2:8 and 8:2, and preferably, the ratio of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio to the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio satisfies 3:7. Additionally, in the mixed material, according to the molar ratio, Li:Fe:P=[1.03-1.04]:1:[1.03-1.04]. The lithium source can be one or more of lithium phosphate, lithium carbonate, a lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material, and a low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material, the iron source is one or more of iron phosphate and iron oxide, and the addition amount of the carbon source is on the basis that a carbon content in a final product is between 1.2%-1.6%.
In this embodiment, the carbon source can be one or more of sucrose, glucose, citric acid, starch and polyethylene glycol, and the additive can be selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, ammonium metavanadate and niobium pentoxide and is controlled at a doping amount between 300-3,000 ppm.
Step S7: the aforementioned mixed material is subjected to sanding to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; and the nano-sized sanded slurry is spray-dried to obtain a sprayed material,
wherein, the sanding particle size in the sanded slurry is controlled between 0.45-0.75 μm. In the spray drying, the air inlet temperature can be 200-220° C., the air outlet temperature can be 80-110° C., the air blast frequency can be 80 Hz, and a spraying particle size in the finally formed sprayed material is controlled between D50=20-40 μm.
Step S8: the aforementioned sprayed material IS put in a box furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered material, and the sintered material is pulverized through a jet mill to obtain a pulverized material.
In the sintering process, the sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of nitrogen at a sintering temperature of 750-780° C. and a heating rate of 3° C./min for a sintering time of 8-12 h, and then natural cooling is conducted to obtain the sintered material; and during the pulverizing process, it is controlled that a gas pressure is between 0.2-0.4 Mpa, a fractionation frequency is 80-200 Hz, and a particle size of the finally obtained pulverized material satisfies: D10>0.35 μm, D50=0.7-2.0 μm, D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Step S9: the aforementioned pulverized material is further subjected to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
In the method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate as provided by the first embodiment of the present disclosure, a by-product of titanium dioxide, ferrous sulfate, is utilized to generate ferric sulfate, added with other materials and reacted to generate ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios, and then subjected to different sintering processes to obtain a finished product of ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area and a finished product of ferric hydroxyphosphate with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area. Compared with ferric phosphate prepared by a traditional method, the ferric hydroxyphosphate prepared by the present method has no crystal transformation synthesis step at 80-90° C., and belongs to the spherical small-particle amorphous precursor. In the stage of washing with water, separating and purifying, impurities are not easy to hide inside the crystal. After multiple times of washing with water, impurities such as Mn, Mg, SO42− ions and the like impurities are mainly washed away, so that the finished product of ferric hydroxyphosphate has a low impurity content and high purity. Moreover, the ferric hydroxyphosphate produced by the present method has an adjustable iron-phosphorus ratio and an adjustable specific surface area, so that ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios can be generated as desired. The ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the high specific surface area has small particles, which can improve the discharge capacity of the material; and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio and the low specific surface area has large particles, which can increase the compaction density of the material, which thus is more conducive to subsequent construction of the crystalline structure of lithium iron phosphate.
In the subsequent steps of the present method, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the high specific surface area and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio and the low specific surface area are mixed, then mixed with the lithium source and the iron source according to a certain proportion, and added with the carbon source and the additive to form the mixed material. Subsequently, the mixed material is subjected to sanding, spray drying, sintering, sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain the finished product of lithium iron phosphate. In the present method, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio are mixed in proportions, which is conducive to the formation of large and small particles in proportions, and improves the electrochemical performance while improving the compaction density of the lithium iron phosphate material. Additionally, the present method requires a low reaction temperature, a short reaction time, low requirements for equipment and a simple process flow, which improves the production efficiency and is suitable for application in large-scale industrial production.
A second embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, which is used for preparing lithium iron phosphate with high compaction density and high capacity. As shown in
Step S1: ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, is added into a phosphorus source and a precipitant for purification, so as to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution after purification through press filtration,
wherein, according to a mass ratio, the ferrous sulfate:the phosphorus source:the precipitant=1:[0.001-0.005]:[0.005-0.007], the purification is conducted at a reaction temperature of 40° C. and a reaction pH value of 2.2-2.5 for a reaction time of 1 h.
In this embodiment, the phosphorus source can be one or more of phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate and the like, and the precipitant can be one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonia water and the like.
Step S2: an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid is added into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce a pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution,
wherein the addition amount of phosphoric acid is according to the molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15.
Step S3: hydrogen peroxide, phosphoric acid, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and ammonia water are sequentially added into the ferrous sulfate solution, and then reacted for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry is heated and held at a temperature for a period of time, and then washed with water and subjected to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios.
In this embodiment, firstly hydrogen peroxide is added to fully oxidize ferrous ions into ferric ions, then added with phosphoric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to adjust the ions in the solution to a suitable iron-phosphorus molar ratio. On one hand, it can enable the generated ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor to be more stable; and on the other hand, it enables the generated ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor to have larger particles and be easier to be subjected to press filtration and washing.
wherein, when an iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies an iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.475-1.490, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio can be formed; and when the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies the iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.460-1.475, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio can be generated.
In this embodiment, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is between 30%-60%, and the mixed slurry is heated to 60-80° C. and held at this temperature for 3 h. The number of washing with water can be several, wherein the first time of washing with water mainly washes away impurities magnesium, manganese, sulfur and the like elements, 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the last time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion. Specifically, the number of washing with water can be 3, wherein the 1st and 2nd times of washing with water mainly washes away impurities manganese, magnesium, sulfur and the like elements, and 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the 3rd time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion.
Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in
The heating temperature of the mixed slurry is 60-80° C., and the temperature holding time is 3 h.
Step S4: the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors were subjected to flash drying in a flash drier, and sintered at high temperature for a certain period of time to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas,
wherein, the flash drying of the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors is to remove free water, and it is controlled that the air inlet temperature of the flash drier is 220±20° C. and the air outlet temperature is 110±5° C. The sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of air at a temperature of 535-560° C. for a time of 4-5 h.
Step S5: the sintered material is pulverized with a mechanical mill, and mixed with a ribbon mixer to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas,
wherein, during the pulverizing process, the particle size is controlled at D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm. The mixing frequency of the mixer is controlled at 35±2 Hz, and the mixing time can be 1-2 h.
In this embodiment, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio has a high specific surface area that satisfies BET=15-20 m2/g and the that satisfies Fe/P=1.460-1.480; and the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with the low iron-phosphorus ratio has a lower specific surface area that satisfies BET=5-10 m2/g and the iron-phosphorus molar ratio that satisfies Fe/P=1.440-1.460.
Step S6: the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio is mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio according to a certain proportion, then proportioned with iron phosphate, lithium phosphate and lithium carbonate according to a certain proportion, and added with a certain amount of a carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material.
In this embodiment, the ratio of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio to the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio is between 2:8 and 8:2, and preferably, the ratio of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio to the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio satisfies 3:7. Additionally, in the mixed material, according to the molar ratio, Li:Fe:P=[1.03-1.04]:1:[1.03-1.04]. The addition amount of the carbon source is on the basis that a carbon content in a final product is between 1.2%-1.6%.
In this embodiment, the carbon source can be one or more of sucrose, glucose, citric acid, starch and polyethylene glycol, and the additive can be selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, ammonium metavanadate and niobium pentoxide and is controlled at a doping amount between 300-3,000 ppm.
Step S7: the aforementioned mixed material is subjected to sanding to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; and the nano-sized sanded slurry is spray-dried to obtain a sprayed material,
wherein, the sanding particle size in the sanded slurry is controlled between 0.45-0.75 μm. In the spray drying, the air inlet temperature can be 200-220° C., the air outlet temperature can be 80-110° C., the air blast frequency can be 80 Hz, and a spraying particle size in the finally formed sprayed material is controlled between D50=20-40 μm.
Step S8: the aforementioned sprayed material IS put in a box furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered material, and the sintered material is pulverized through a jet mill to obtain a pulverized material.
In the sintering process, the sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of nitrogen at a sintering temperature of 750-780° C. and a heating rate of 3° C./min for a sintering time of 8-12 h, and then natural cooling is conducted to obtain the sintered material; and during the pulverizing process, it is controlled that a gas pressure is between 0.2-0.4 Mpa, a fractionation frequency is 80-200 Hz, and a particle size of the finally obtained pulverized material satisfies: D10>0.35 μm, D50=0.7-2.0 μm, D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Step S9: the aforementioned pulverized material is further subjected to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
For the method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate as provided in the second embodiment of the present disclosure, the ferric hydroxyphosphate prepared by the present method is obtained by firstly adding hydrogen peroxide to fully oxidize ferrous ions into ferric ions, and then adding phosphoric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to adjust the ions in the solution to a suitable iron-phosphorus molar ratio. On one hand, it can enable the generated ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor to be more stable; and on the other hand, the mixed slurry is heated and then held at this temperature, so that the generated ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor has larger particles and is easier to be subjected to press filtration and washing. Additionally, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio is mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio, then mixed with ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate and lithium carbonate according to a certain proportion, and added with the additive to form the mixed material. Subsequently, the mixed material is subjected to sanding, spray drying, sintering, sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain the finished product of lithium iron phosphate. In the present method, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio are mixed in proportions, and introduced with three materials of iron phosphate, wherein the introduction of lithium phosphate and lithium carbonate is easy to reduce the agglomeration of lithium iron phosphate particles and improve the roundness of the lithium iron phosphate particles, thereby improving the compaction density and electrochemical performance of the lithium iron phosphate material.
A third embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, which is used for preparing lithium iron phosphate with high compaction density and high capacity. As shown in
Step S1: ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, is added into a phosphorus source and a precipitant for purification, so as to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution after purification through press filtration,
wherein, according to a mass ratio, the ferrous sulfate:the phosphorus source:the precipitant=1:[0.001-0.005]:[0.005-0.007], the purification is conducted at a reaction temperature of 40° C. and a reaction pH value of 2.2-2.5 for a reaction time of 1 h.
In this embodiment, the phosphorus source can be one or more of phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate and the like, and the precipitant can be one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonia water and the like.
Step S2: an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid is added into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce a pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution,
wherein the addition amount of phosphoric acid is according to the molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15.
step S3: sequentially adding phosphoric acid, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia water into the ferrous sulfate solution, then reacting for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, heating and holding the mixed slurry at a temperature for a period of time, and then washing with water and subjecting to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios;
In this embodiment, firstly phosphoric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are added to adjust the ions in the solution to an appropriate iron-phosphorus molar ratio, and then added with hydrogen peroxide to fully oxidize the ferrous ions into ferric ions. On one hand, it can enable the generated ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor to be more stable; and on the other hand, it enables the generated ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor to have larger particles and be easier to be subjected to press filtration and washing. wherein, when an iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies an iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.475-1.490, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio can be formed; and when the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies the iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.460-1.475, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio can be generated.
In this embodiment, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is between 30%-60%, and the mixed slurry is heated to 60-80° C. and held at this temperature for 3 h. The number of washing with water can be several, wherein the first time of washing with water mainly washes away impurities magnesium, manganese, sulfur and the like elements, 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the last time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion. Specifically, the number of washing with water can be 3, wherein the 1st and 2nd times of washing with water mainly washes away impurities manganese, magnesium, sulfur and the like elements, and 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the 3rd time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion.
Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in
The heating temperature of the mixed slurry is 60-80° C., and the temperature holding time is 3 h.
Step S4: the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors were subjected to flash drying in a flash drier, and sintered at high temperature for a certain period of time to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas,
wherein, the flash drying of the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors is to remove free water, and it is controlled that the air inlet temperature of the flash drier is 220±20° C. and the air outlet temperature is 110±5° C. The sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of air at a temperature of 535-560° C. for a time of 4-5 h.
Step S5: the sintered material is pulverized with a mechanical mill, and mixed with a ribbon mixer to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas,
wherein, during the pulverizing process, the particle size is controlled at D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm. The mixing frequency of the mixer is controlled at 35±2 Hz, and the mixing time can be 1-2 h.
In this embodiment, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio has a high specific surface area that satisfies BET=15-20 m2/g and the that satisfies Fe/P=1.460-1.480; and the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with the low iron-phosphorus ratio has a lower specific surface area that satisfies BET=5-10 m2/g and the iron-phosphorus molar ratio that satisfies Fe/P=1.440-1.460.
Step S6: the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio is mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio according to a certain proportion, then proportioned with iron oxide, lithium phosphate, lithium carbonate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to a certain proportion, and added with a certain amount of a carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material.
In this embodiment, the ratio of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio to the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio is between 2:8 and 8:2, and preferably, the ratio of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio to the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio satisfies 3:7. Additionally, in the mixed material, according to the molar ratio, Li:Fe:P=[1.03-1.04]:1:[1.03-1.04]. The addition amount of the carbon source is on the basis that a carbon content in a final product is between 1.2%-1.6%.
In this embodiment, the carbon source can be one or more of sucrose, glucose, citric acid, starch and polyethylene glycol, and the additive can be selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, ammonium metavanadate and niobium pentoxide and is controlled at a doping amount between 300-3,000 ppm.
Step S7: the aforementioned mixed material is subjected to sanding to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; and the nano-sized sanded slurry is spray-dried to obtain a sprayed material,
wherein, the sanding particle size in the sanded slurry is controlled between 0.45-0.75 μm. In the spray drying, the air inlet temperature can be 200-220° C., the air outlet temperature can be 80-110° C., the air blast frequency can be 80 Hz, and a spraying particle size in the finally formed sprayed material is controlled between D50=20-40 μm.
Step S8: the aforementioned sprayed material IS put in a box furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered material, and the sintered material is pulverized through a jet mill to obtain a pulverized material.
In the sintering process, the sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of nitrogen at a sintering temperature of 750-780° C. and a heating rate of 3° C./min for a sintering time of 8-12 h, and then natural cooling is conducted to obtain the sintered material; and during the pulverizing process, it is controlled that a gas pressure is between 0.2-0.4 Mpa, a fractionation frequency is 80-200 Hz, and a particle size of the finally obtained pulverized material satisfies: D10>0.35 μm, D50=0.7-2.0 μm, D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Step S9: the aforementioned pulverized material is further subjected to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
For the method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate as provided by the third embodiment of the present disclosure, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio is mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio, then mixed with iron oxide, lithium phosphate, lithium carbonate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to a certain proportion, and added with the additive to form the mixed material. Subsequently, the mixed material is subjected to sanding, spray drying, sintering, sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain the finished product of lithium iron phosphate. In the present method, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio are mixed in proportions, and introduced with four materials of iron oxide, lithium phosphate, lithium carbonate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The addition of iron oxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can effectively reduce the cost of materials, increase the viscosity of the subsequent sanded slurry, and improve the stability of the slurry. Additionally, the iron oxide raw material has small primary particles, and the finished product of lithium iron phosphate as prepared has small particles, which effectively improves the rate performance; and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is used as the phosphorus source to increase gas production and easily reduce particle agglomeration.
A fourth embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, which is used for preparing lithium iron phosphate with high compaction density and high capacity. As shown in
Step S1: ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, is added into a phosphorus source and a precipitant for purification, so as to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution after purification through press filtration,
wherein, according to a mass ratio, the ferrous sulfate:the phosphorus source:the precipitant=1:[0.001-0.005]:[0.005-0.007], the purification is conducted at a reaction temperature of 40° C. and a reaction pH value of 2.2-2.5 for a reaction time of 1 h.
In this embodiment, the phosphorus source can be one or more of phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate and the like, and the precipitant can be one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonia water and the like.
Step S2: an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid is added into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce a pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution,
wherein the addition amount of phosphoric acid is according to the molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15.
Step S3: hydrogen peroxide, phosphoric acid, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and ammonia water are added into the ferrous sulfate solution, then reacted for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry was held at room temperature for a period of time, and then washed with water and subjected to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios,
wherein, when an iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies an iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.475-1.490, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio can be formed; and when the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies the iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.460-1.475, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio can be generated.
In this embodiment, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is between 30%-60%, and the temperature holding time for the mixed slurry at room temperature is 3 h. The number of washing with water can be several, wherein the first time of washing with water mainly washes away impurities magnesium, manganese, sulfur and the like elements, 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the last time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion. Specifically, the number of washing with water can be 3, wherein the 1st and 2nd times of washing with water mainly washes away impurities manganese, magnesium, sulfur and the like elements, and 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the 3rd time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion.
Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in
Step S4: the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors were subjected to flash drying in a flash drier, and sintered at high temperature for a certain period of time to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas,
wherein, the flash drying of the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors is to remove free water, and it is controlled that the air inlet temperature of the flash drier is 220±20° C. and the air outlet temperature is 110±5° C. The sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of air at a temperature of 535-560° C. for a time of 4-5 h.
Step S5: the sintered material is pulverized with a mechanical mill, and mixed with a ribbon mixer to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas,
wherein, during the pulverizing process, the particle size is controlled at D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm. The mixing frequency of the mixer is controlled at 35±2 Hz, and the mixing time can be 1-2 h.
In this embodiment, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio has a high specific surface area that satisfies BET=15-20 m2/g and the that satisfies Fe/P=1.460-1.480; and the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with the low iron-phosphorus ratio has a lower specific surface area that satisfies BET=5-10 m2/g and the iron-phosphorus molar ratio that satisfies Fe/P=1.440-1.460.
step S6: mixing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a low iron-phosphorus ratio according to a certain proportion, then proportioning with lithium phosphate and a lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material according to a certain proportion, and adding a certain amount of a carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material;
Preferably, the lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material can be prepared from recycled waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode pole piece, so as to reduce the material cost. Specifically, the lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material can be prepared by the following method: pulverizing a waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode pole piece, and sieving to separate a foil material and a raw material for the lithium iron phosphate pole piece material; sintering the raw material of the lithium iron phosphate pole piece material in an inert atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 400-500° C. for a sintering time of 1-4 hours, and then pulverizing to a particle size of 1-5 μm to obtain the lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material.
In this embodiment, the ratio of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio to the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio is between 2:8 and 8:2, and preferably, the ratio of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio to the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio satisfies 3:7. Additionally, in the mixed material, according to the molar ratio, Li:Fe:P=[1.03-1.04]:1:[1.03-1.04]. In this embodiment, the addition amount of the carbon source is on the basis that a carbon content in a final product is between 1.2%-1.6%.
In this embodiment, the carbon source can be one or more of sucrose, glucose, citric acid, starch and polyethylene glycol, and the additive can be selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, ammonium metavanadate and niobium pentoxide and is controlled at a doping amount between 300-3,000 ppm.
Step S7: the aforementioned mixed material is subjected to sanding to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; and the nano-sized sanded slurry is spray-dried to obtain a sprayed material,
wherein, the sanding particle size in the sanded slurry is controlled between 0.45-0.75 μm. In the spray drying, the air inlet temperature can be 200-220° C., the air outlet temperature can be 80-110° C., the air blast frequency can be 80 Hz, and a spraying particle size in the finally formed sprayed material is controlled between D50=20-40 μm.
Step S8: the aforementioned sprayed material IS put in a box furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered material, and the sintered material is pulverized through a jet mill to obtain a pulverized material.
In the sintering process, the sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of nitrogen at a sintering temperature of 750-780° C. and a heating rate of 3° C./min for a sintering time of 8-12 h, and then natural cooling is conducted to obtain the sintered material; and during the pulverizing process, it is controlled that a gas pressure is between 0.2-0.4 Mpa, a fractionation frequency is 80-200 Hz, and a particle size of the finally obtained pulverized material satisfies: D10>0.35 μm, D50=0.7-2.0 μm, D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Step S9: the aforementioned pulverized material is further subjected to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
For the method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate as provided by the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio is mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio, then mixed with lithium phosphate and the lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material according to a certain proportion, and added with the carbon source and the additive to form the mixed material. Subsequently, the mixed material is subjected to sanding, spray drying, sintering, sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain the finished product of lithium iron phosphate. In the present disclosure, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio are mixed in proportions, and introduced with lithium phosphate and the lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material prepared from the recycled waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode pole piece. The recycled lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material can greatly reduce the material cost, and conduct resource recovery and reuse of the waste lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material. During the sintering process, the lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material is beneficial to provide steric hindrance, reduce the agglomeration of the lithium iron phosphate particles, and improve the roundness of the lithium iron phosphate particles, thereby improving the compaction density and electrochemical performance of the lithium iron phosphate material.
A fifth embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, which is used for preparing lithium iron phosphate with high compaction density and high capacity. As shown in
Step S1: ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, is added into a phosphorus source and a precipitant for purification, so as to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution after purification through press filtration,
wherein, according to a mass ratio, the ferrous sulfate:the phosphorus source:the precipitant=1:[0.001-0.005]:[0.005-0.007], the purification is conducted at a reaction temperature of 40° C. and a reaction pH value of 2.2-2.5 for a reaction time of 1 h.
In this embodiment, the phosphorus source can be one or more of phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate and the like, and the precipitant can be one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonia water and the like.
Step S2: an appropriate amount of phosphoric acid is added into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce a pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution,
wherein the addition amount of phosphoric acid is according to the molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15.
Step S3: hydrogen peroxide, phosphoric acid, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and ammonia water are added into the ferrous sulfate solution, then reacted for a period of time to form a mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry was held at room temperature for a period of time, and then washed with water and subjected to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios,
wherein, when an iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies an iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.475-1.490, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio can be formed; and when the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry satisfies the iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.460-1.475, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio can be generated.
In this embodiment, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is between 30%-60%, and the temperature holding time is 3 h. The number of washing with water can be several, wherein the first time of washing with water mainly washes away impurities magnesium, manganese, sulfur and the like elements, 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the last time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion. Specifically, the number of washing with water can be 3, wherein the 1st and 2nd times of washing with water mainly washes away impurities manganese, magnesium, sulfur and the like elements, and 1:1 diluted ammonia water is added during the 3rd time of washing with water to adjust a pH value to 6.5-7.0, so as to wash away a SO42− ion.
Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in
Step S4: the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors were subjected to flash drying in a flash drier, and sintered at high temperature for a certain period of time to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas,
wherein, the flash drying of the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors is to remove free water, and it is controlled that the air inlet temperature of the flash drier is 220±20° C. and the air outlet temperature is 110±5° C. The sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of air at a temperature of 535-560° C. for a time of 4-5 h.
Step S5: the sintered material is pulverized with a mechanical mill, and mixed with a ribbon mixer to obtain finished products of ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios and different specific surface areas,
wherein, during the pulverizing process, the particle size is controlled at D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm. The mixing frequency of the mixer is controlled at 35±2 Hz, and the mixing time can be 1-2 h.
In this embodiment, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio has a high specific surface area that satisfies BET=15-20 m2/g and the that satisfies Fe/P=1.460-1.480; and the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor with the low iron-phosphorus ratio has a lower specific surface area that satisfies BET=5-10 m2/g and the iron-phosphorus molar ratio that satisfies Fe/P=1.440-1.460.
step S6: mixing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a low iron-phosphorus ratio according to a certain proportion, then proportioning with lithium phosphate and a low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material according to a certain proportion, and adding a certain amount of a carbon source and an additive to form a mixed material;
In this embodiment, the carbon content in the low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material is between 0.2%-0.5%. Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in
Preferably, the ratio of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio to the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio is between 2:8 and 8:2, and preferably, the ratio of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio to the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio satisfies 3:7. Additionally, in the mixed material, according to the molar ratio, Li:Fe:P=[1.03-1.04]:1:[1.03-1.04].
In this embodiment, the secondary carbon source can be one or more of sucrose, glucose, citric acid, starch and polyethylene glycol, and the addition mount of the primary carbon source and the secondary carbon source is on the basis that the carbon content in the final product is between 1.2%-1.6%. The additive can be selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, ammonium metavanadate and niobium pentoxide and is controlled at a doping amount between 300-3,000 ppm.
Step S7: the aforementioned mixed material is subjected to sanding to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; and the nano-sized sanded slurry is spray-dried to obtain a sprayed material,
wherein, the sanding particle size in the sanded slurry is controlled between 0.45-0.75 μm. In the spray drying, the air inlet temperature can be 200-220° C., the air outlet temperature can be 80-110° C., the air blast frequency can be 80 Hz, and a spraying particle size in the finally formed sprayed material is controlled between D50=20-40 μm.
Step S8: the aforementioned sprayed material IS put in a box furnace for sintering to obtain a sintered material, and the sintered material is pulverized through a jet mill to obtain a pulverized material.
In the sintering process, the sintering is conducted in an atmosphere of nitrogen at a sintering temperature of 750-780° C. and a heating rate of 3° C./min for a sintering time of 8-12 h, and then natural cooling is conducted to obtain the sintered material; and during the pulverizing process, it is controlled that a gas pressure is between 0.2-0.4 Mpa, a fractionation frequency is 80-200 Hz, and a particle size of the finally obtained pulverized material satisfies: D10>0.35 μm, D50=0.7-2.0 μm, D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Step S9: the aforementioned pulverized material is further subjected to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
For the method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate as provided by the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio is mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio, then mixed with lithium phosphate and the low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material according to a certain proportion, and added with the carbon source and the additive to form the mixed material. Subsequently, the mixed material is subjected to sanding, spray drying, sintering, sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain the finished product of lithium iron phosphate. In the present method, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio are mixed in proportions, and by introducing lithium phosphate and the low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material, during the sintering process, the low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material is difficult to grow up for the second time, and meanwhile it can increase the steric hindrance, reduce the agglomeration of the lithium iron phosphate particles, improve the roundness of the lithium iron phosphate particles and provide more smaller particles, thereby improving the compaction density and electrochemical performance of the lithium iron phosphate material.
The specific process and effect of the method for preparing lithium iron phosphate by using the ferric hydroxyphosphate of the present disclosure will be further described in detail below in conjunction with some specific examples, but it is not intended to limit the claimed scope of the present disclosure.
This example provided a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, including the following steps.
Step S1: ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, was added into phosphoric acid with a mass fraction of 4‰ and a hydroxide sodium solution with a mass fraction of 5‰, and purified by press filtration to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution.
Step S2: according to a molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15, phosphoric acid was added into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce the pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution.
Step S3: the ferrous sulfate solution was added with excessive hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 40%, then added with a phosphoric acid solution and a ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 30% to make the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry successively satisfies iron-phosphorus molar ratios of Fe/P=1.490 and Fe/P=1.460, and then added with ammonia water to form a mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry was held at room temperature for 3 h, then washed with water and subjected to press filtration to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios.
Step S4: the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors were subjected to flash drying in a flash drier with an air inlet temperature of the flash drier controlled to be 200° C., and sintered in an air atmosphere at a high temperature of 535° C. and 560° C. for 5 h.
Step S5: the sintered material was pulverized with a mechanical mill to controlled particle sizes of D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm, and mixed with a ribbon mixer at a frequency of 35 Hz for 1 h to obtain a finished product of ferric hydroxyphosphate containing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area and the ferric hydroxyphosphate product with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area.
The SEM spectrogram of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area prepared according to Example 1 was shown in
The XRD spectrogram of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area prepared according to Example 1 was shown in
Step S6: the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area was mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate product with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area according to proportion of 3:7, then proportioned with lithium phosphate according to a molar ratio of Li:Fe:P=1.03:1:1.03, and added with a carbon source mixture that made the carbon content of the finished product be 1.3% and composed of sucrose and polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide of a doping amount of 2,500 ppm, to form a mixed material.
Step S7: the aforementioned mixed material was sanded to a controlled sanding particle size of 0.60 μm, so as to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; the nano-sized sanded slurry was spray dried with an air inlet temperature being controlled at 220° C., an air outlet temperature being controlled at 100° C., and an air blast frequency being controlled at 80 Hz, so as to obtain a sprayed material with a spraying particle size of D50=20-40 μm.
Step S8: the aforementioned sprayed material was put into a box furnace, sintered under a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 3° C./min and a sintering temperature of 760° C. for a sintering time of 10 h, and then naturally cooled to obtain a sintered material, and the sintered material was pulverized through a jet mill at a gas pressure controlled at 0.3 Mpa and a fractionation frequency of 130 Hz to obtain a pulverized material with particle sizes of D10>0.35 μm, D50=D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Step S9: the aforementioned pulverized material was further subjected to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
The SEM spectrogram of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared according to Example 1 was shown in
The XRD spectrogram of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared according to Example 1 was shown in
This example provided a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, including the following steps.
Step S1: ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, was added into phosphoric acid with a mass fraction of 4‰ and a hydroxide sodium solution with a mass fraction of 5‰, and purified by press filtration to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution.
Step S2: according to a molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15, phosphoric acid was added into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce the pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution.
Step S3: the ferrous sulfate solution was added with excessive hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 40%, then added with a phosphoric acid solution and a ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 30% to make the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry successively satisfies iron-phosphorus molar ratios of Fe/P=1.490 and Fe/P=1.460, and then added with ammonia water to form a mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry was heated to a temperature of 60° C. and held at this temperature for 3 h, then washed with water and subjected to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios.
Step S4: the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors were subjected to flash drying in a flash drier with an air inlet temperature of the flash drier controlled to be 200° C., and sintered in an air atmosphere at a high temperature of 535° C. and 560° C. for 5 h.
Step S5: the sintered material was pulverized with a mechanical mill to controlled particle sizes of D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm, and mixed with a ribbon mixer at a frequency of 35 Hz for 1 h to obtain ferric hydroxyphosphate containing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area and the ferric hydroxyphosphate product with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area.
The SEM spectrogram of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area prepared according to Example 2 was shown in
The XRD spectrogram of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area prepared according to Example 2 was shown in
Step S6: the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area was mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate product with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area according to proportion of 3:7, then proportioned with ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate and lithium carbonate according to a molar ratio of Li:Fe:P=1.03:1:1.03, and added with a carbon source mixture that made the carbon content of the finished product be 1.35% and composed of sucrose and polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide of a doping amount of 2,200 ppm, to form a mixed material.
Step S7: the aforementioned mixed material was sanded to a controlled sanding particle size of 0.62 μm, so as to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; the nano-sized sanded slurry was spray dried with an air inlet temperature being controlled at 220° C., an air outlet temperature being controlled at 100° C., and an air blast frequency being controlled at 80 Hz, so as to obtain a sprayed material with a spraying particle size of D50=20-40 μm.
Step S8: the aforementioned sprayed material was put into a box furnace, sintered under a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 3° C./min and a sintering temperature of 765° C. for a sintering time of 10 h, and then naturally cooled to obtain a sintered material, and the sintered material was pulverized through a jet mill at a gas pressure controlled at 0.3 Mpa and a fractionation frequency of 130 Hz to obtain a pulverized material with particle sizes of D10>0.35 μm, D50=D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Step S9: the aforementioned pulverized material was further subjected to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
The SEM spectrogram of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared according to Example 2 was shown in
The XRD spectrogram of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared according to Example 2 was shown in
This example provided a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, including the following steps.
Step S1: ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, was added into phosphoric acid with a mass fraction of 4‰ and a hydroxide sodium solution with a mass fraction of 5‰, and purified by press filtration to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution.
Step S2: according to a molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15, phosphoric acid was added into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce the pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution.
Step S3: the ferrous sulfate solution was added with a phosphoric acid solution and a ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 30% to make the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry successively satisfies iron-phosphorus molar ratios of Fe/P=1.485 and Fe/P=1.465, then added with excessive hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 40%, and then added with ammonia water to form a mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry was heated to a temperature of 60° C. and held at this temperature for 3 h, then washed with water and subjected to press filtration for several times to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios.
Step S4: the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors were subjected to flash drying in a flash drier with an air inlet temperature of the flash drier controlled to be 200° C., and sintered in an air atmosphere at a high temperature of 540° C. and 560° C. for 5 h.
Step S5: the sintered material was pulverized with a mechanical mill to controlled particle sizes of D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm, and mixed with a ribbon mixer at a frequency of 35 Hz for 1 h to obtain ferric hydroxyphosphate containing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area and the ferric hydroxyphosphate product with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area.
The SEM spectrogram of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area prepared according to Example 3 was shown in
The XRD spectrogram of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area prepared according to Example 3 was shown in
Step S6: the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area was mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate product with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area according to proportion of 3:7, then proportioned with iron oxide, lithium phosphate, lithium carbonate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to a molar ratio of Li:Fe:P=1.03:1:1.03, and added with a carbon source mixture that made the carbon content of the finished product be 1.3% and composed of sucrose and polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide of a doping amount of 2,500 ppm, to form a mixed material.
Step S7: the aforementioned mixed material was sanded to a controlled sanding particle size of 0.60 μm, so as to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; the nano-sized sanded slurry was spray dried with an air inlet temperature being controlled at 220° C., an air outlet temperature being controlled at 100° C., and an air blast frequency being controlled at 80 Hz, so as to obtain a sprayed material with a spraying particle size of D50=20-40 μm.
Step S8: the aforementioned sprayed material was put into a box furnace, sintered under a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 3° C./min and a sintering temperature of 760° C. for a sintering time of 10 h, and then naturally cooled to obtain a sintered material, and the sintered material was pulverized through a jet mill at a gas pressure controlled at 0.3 Mpa and a fractionation frequency of 130 Hz to obtain a pulverized material with particle sizes of D10>0.35 μm, D50=D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Step S9: the aforementioned pulverized material was further subjected to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
The SEM spectrogram of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared according to Example 3 was shown in
The XRD spectrogram of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared according to Example 3 was shown in
This example provided a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, including the following steps.
Step S1: ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, was added into phosphoric acid with a mass fraction of 4‰ and a hydroxide sodium solution with a mass fraction of 5‰, and purified by press filtration to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution.
Step S2: according to a molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15, phosphoric acid was added into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce the pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution.
Step S3: the ferrous sulfate solution was added with excessive hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 40%, then added with a phosphoric acid solution and a ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 30% to make the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio in the mixed slurry successively satisfies iron-phosphorus molar ratios of Fe/P=1.490 and Fe/P=1.460, and then added with ammonia water to form a mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry was held at room temperature for 3 h, then washed with water and subjected to press filtration to form ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors with different iron-phosphorus ratios.
Step S4: the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursors were subjected to flash drying in a flash drier with an air inlet temperature of the flash drier controlled to be 200° C., and sintered in an air atmosphere at a high temperature of 535° C. and 555° C. for 5 h.
Step S5: the sintered material was pulverized with a mechanical mill to controlled particle sizes of D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm, and mixed with a ribbon mixer at a frequency of 35 Hz for 1 h to obtain ferric hydroxyphosphate containing the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area and the ferric hydroxyphosphate product with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area.
The SEM spectrogram of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area prepared according to Example 4 was shown in
The XRD spectrogram of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area prepared according to Example 4 was shown in
Step S6: the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area was mixed with the ferric hydroxyphosphate product with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area according to proportion of 3:7, then proportioned with lithium phosphate and a lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material according to a molar ratio of Li:Fe:P=1.03:1:1.03, and added with a carbon source mixture that made the carbon content of the finished product be 1.3% and composed of sucrose and polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide of a doping amount of 2,800 ppm, to form a mixed material. The lithium iron phosphate electrode pole piece material could be obtained by pulverizing a waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode pole piece, and sieving to separate a foil material and a raw material for the lithium iron phosphate pole piece material; sintering the raw material of the lithium iron phosphate pole piece material in an inert atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 400° C. for a sintering time of 4 hours, and then pulverizing to a particle size of 3 μm.
Step S7: the aforementioned mixed material was sanded to a controlled sanding particle size of 0.60 μm, so as to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; the nano-sized sanded slurry was spray dried with an air inlet temperature being controlled at 220° C., an air outlet temperature being controlled at 100° C., and an air blast frequency being controlled at 80 Hz, so as to obtain a sprayed material with a spraying particle size of D50=20-40 μm.
Step S8: the aforementioned sprayed material was put into a box furnace, sintered under a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 3° C./min and a sintering temperature of 760° C. for a sintering time of 10 h, and then naturally cooled to obtain a sintered material, and the sintered material was pulverized through a jet mill at a gas pressure controlled at 0.3 Mpa and a fractionation frequency of 130 Hz to obtain a pulverized material with particle sizes of D10>0.35 μm, D50=0.8-1.8 μm, D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Step S9: the aforementioned pulverized material was further subjected to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
The SEM spectrogram of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared according to Example 4 was shown in
The XRD spectrogram of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared according to Example 4 was shown in
This example provided a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate and a low-carbon finished lithium iron phosphate material, including the following steps:
The SEM spectrogram of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area prepared according to Example 5 was shown in
The XRD spectrogram of the ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area prepared according to Example 5 was shown in
The SEM spectrogram of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared according to Example 5 was shown in
The XRD spectrogram of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared according to Example 5 was shown in
This example provided a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate, including the following steps.
Step S1: ferrous sulfate, a by-product of titanium dioxide, was added into phosphoric acid with a mass fraction of 6‰ and a hydroxide sodium solution with a mass fraction of 4‰, and purified by press filtration to obtain a ferrous sulfate solution.
Step S2: according to a molar ratio of n(Fe):n(phosphoric acid)=1:0.15, phosphoric acid was added into the ferrous sulfate solution to reduce the pH value of the ferrous sulfate solution.
Step S3: the ferrous sulfate solution was added with excessive hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 10%, then added with a phosphoric acid solution and a ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a concentration of 30% to make the iron-phosphorus feeding ratio satisfies an iron-phosphorus molar ratio of Fe/P=1.440, and then added with ammonia water to form a mixed slurry, and the mixed slurry was held at room temperature for 2 h, then washed with water and subjected to press filtration to form a ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor.
Step S4: the ferric hydroxyphosphate precursor was subjected to flash drying in a flash drier with an air inlet temperature of the flash drier controlled to be 200° C., and sintered in an air atmosphere at a high temperature of 520° C. for 2 h.
Step S5: the sintered material was pulverized with a mechanical mill to controlled particle sizes of D10≥1.0 μm, D50: 6-15 μm, and D90≤60 μm, and mixed with a ribbon mixer at 35 Hz for 1 h to obtain a finished product of ferric hydroxyphosphate with a single iron-phosphorus ratio and a single specific surface area.
Step S6: the ferric hydroxyphosphate was proportioned with lithium phosphate according to a molar ratio of Li:Fe:P=1.03:1:1.03, and added with a mixture that made the carbon content of the finished product be 1.2% and composed of sucrose and polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide of a doping amount of 3,000 ppm, to form a mixed material.
Step S7: the aforementioned mixed material was sanded to a controlled sanding particle size of 0.65 μm, so as to obtain a nano-sized sanded slurry; the nano-sized sanded slurry was spray dried with an air inlet temperature being controlled at 220° C., an air outlet temperature being controlled at 100° C., and an air blast frequency being controlled at 80 Hz, so as to obtain a sprayed material with a spraying particle size of D50=20-40 μm.
Step S8: the aforementioned sprayed material was put into a box furnace, sintered under a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 3° C./min and a sintering temperature of 765° C. for a sintering time of 10 h, and then naturally cooled to obtain a sintered material, and the sintered material was pulverized through a jet mill at a gas pressure controlled at 0.35 Mpa and a fractionation frequency of 140 Hz to obtain a pulverized material with particle sizes of D10>0.35 μm, D50=D90<10 μm, and D100<30 μm.
Step S9: the aforementioned pulverized material was further subjected to sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain a finished product of lithium iron phosphate.
In order to verify the quality of the finished product of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared by the method of preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate as provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, the aforementioned lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1, carbon black as a conductive agent and polyvinylidene difluoride as a binder were dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone according to a mass ratio of 90:5:5 evenly by ball milling, then coated onto aluminum foils, and oven dried in vacuum to prepare positive electrode pole pieces. A button half-cell was assembled from 1 mol/L LiPF6 with a solvent volume ratio of EC:DMC:EMC=1:1:1 as an electrolyte solution, a Celgard polypropylene film as a separator, and a metal lithium sheet as a negative electrode. The tested voltage range was 2.0 V-3.75, the button half-cell was charged to 3.75 V in a constant-current and constant-voltage charging manner and discharged to 2.0 V in a constant-current discharging manner, the charge and discharge current was 0.1C for two cycles, and the charge and discharge current was 1C for two cycles. The test results were as shown in Table 1. a charge-discharge curve (0.1C) of a button half-cell assembled from the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared in Example 1 of the present disclosure was shown in
According to the aforementioned examples and comparative example and the comparison of the test results obtained by testing them, the button half-cells prepared from the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials of Examples 1-5 each has been improved significantly in terms of both a specific capacity of first charge and discharge at 0.1C and a specific capacity of discharge at 1C compared with that of Comparative Example 1.
In summary, in the method for preparing lithium iron phosphate from ferric hydroxyphosphate as provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, a by-product of titanium dioxide, ferrous sulfate, is utilized to generate ferric sulfate, added with other materials and reacted to generate ferric hydroxyphosphate with different iron-phosphorus ratios, and then subjected to different sintering processes to obtain a finished product of ferric hydroxyphosphate with a high iron-phosphorus ratio and a high specific surface area and a finished product of ferric hydroxyphosphate with a low iron-phosphorus ratio and a low specific surface area. The ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the high specific surface area and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio and the low specific surface area are mixed, then mixed with the lithium source according to a certain proportion, and subsequently added with the carbon source and the additive to form the mixed material. The mixed material is subjected to sanding, spray drying, sintering, sieving, blending, packaging and the like procedures to obtain the finished product of lithium iron phosphate. In the present method, the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the high iron-phosphorus ratio and the ferric hydroxyphosphate with the low iron-phosphorus ratio are mixed in proportions. Such mixing of the two kinds of ferric hydroxyphosphate in proportions is conducive to the formation of large and small particles in proportions, and improves the electrochemical performance while improving the compaction density of the lithium iron phosphate material. The button half-cell assembled from the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material prepared by the present method has good stability and electrochemical performance. Additionally, the present method requires a low reaction temperature, a short reaction time, low requirements for equipment and a simple process flow, which improves the production efficiency and is suitable for application in large-scale industrial production.
In the description of the specification, descriptions referring to the terms “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “an example”, “a specific example” and “some examples” mean that specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representation of the aforementioned terms are not necessarily aimed at the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. Moreover, different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be joined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradicting each other.
Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skills in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims and the equivalents thereof.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202310821159.9 | Jul 2023 | CN | national |
| 202310823764.X | Jul 2023 | CN | national |
| 202310823771.X | Jul 2023 | CN | national |
| 202310824556.1 | Jul 2023 | CN | national |
| 202310824566.5 | Jul 2023 | CN | national |
