Patent Application
20230150253
The application relates to a method for producing a floorboard which has a carrier plate and a topside veneer.
Floorboards with a top or cover layer of real wood are in particular used as real wood floors or parquet floors. Such floors provide a natural living atmosphere. They are pleasantly warm when walking on it and compensate humidity fluctuations in the room air, which contributes to a healthy room atmosphere. Also, floorboards with a top or cover layer made of cork or a cork veneer are very popular.
A method for producing parquet or veneer floorboards with a cover layer of real wood is described in DE 102 45 914 A1. There a cover layer of real wood is impregnated with thermoset synthetic resins. After the impregnation the cover layer is glued to the carrier plate. The cover layer is also printed on.
Common are floor panels with a three-layer construction and profiled joining surfaces at the side borders for forming joining means in the form of groove and tongue or a so-called click system. The joining means enable a mechanical coupling of the individual panels with each other in a floor cover or a wall or ceiling covering. The carrier plate is usually made of a wood material, in particular a highlight compressed fiber plate (HDF). The topside cover layer of real wood can be of different thickness. When the cover layer of wood has a thickness of more than 2.5 mm there is a parquet floor. According to a common terminology used in the art veneers for cover layers of floor panels start at about 0.4 mm. generally floor panels with wood cover layers of smaller than 2.5 mm are referred to as real wood or veneer floors.
After the gluing on the veneer, flaws in the surface, for example branch holes or cracks, are smoothened over. Usually, an excess of smoothening compound is used which excess is then removed again later. This is usually performed by grinding or brushing. In particular, in the of thin veneer layers this involves the risk that the layer is damaged by the subsequent mechanical processing. For this reason, oftentimes veneers are used that are thicker to begin with or veneers that have flaws are sorted out beforehand. However, this is uneconomical and leads to the fact that the variability of the optical appearance of the natural wood floors is diminished.
Also known is a so-called real wood laminate. In this case an overlay is applied to the cover layer made of veneer for example in the form of a melamine paper or melamine film. Subsequently this sandwich is then pressed. A disadvantage is that the flaws naturally occurring in this product such as gaps cracks branches or pores often appear milky. The cause for this is the missing or insufficient pressing pressure during the pressing process because in the region of the flaws the counter pressure is absent. On the other hand, when a higher pressure is applied the structure of the press plate dominates the wood surface and the natural wood structure or appearance suffers.
Based on the state of the art the application is based on the object to provide an efficient method for producing floorboards with a topside veneer, which saves material and costs.
The object is solved with a method for producing a floorboard having a topside veneer, said method comprising: forming a multilayer body comprising a starting carrier plate, a plurality of veneers placed on the starting carrier plate so that a gap is formed between neighboring ones of the veneers, a resin layer comprising a resin provided between the starting carrier plate and the veneers, and a balancing layer arranged on a bottom side of the starting carrier plate; joining the starting carrier plate, the resin layer, the veneers and the balancing layer by pressing the multilayer body in a press; separating the multilayer body into individual boards between the neighboring veneers in a region of the gap; profiling the individual boards at side borders of the boards; and providing the individual boards with joining means.
Advantageous embodiments and aspects of the application are set forth herein.
The present application relates to a method for producing a floorboard, which has a carrier plate and a topside veneer. The application in particular relates to the production of real wood or veneer floor boards with a veneer of wood and a thickness of the veneer of smaller than 2.5 mm in particular with a thickness between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm. the veneer can also be a cork veneer in particular a cork oak veneer.
The method according to the application is characterized by the following steps:
providing a large area starting carrier plate;
providing a number of veneers;
forming a multi-layer body form the starting carrier plate and the veneers and a resin layer provided between the starting carrier plate and the veneers, wherein neighboring veneers are positioned spaced apart relative to each other on the starting carrier plate so that a gap is formed, and a balancing layer arranged on a bottom side of the starting carrier plate;
connecting the starting carrier plate, resin layer and veneers and the balancing layer by pressing the multilayer body in a press;
subsequently separating the pressed multilayer body into individual boards, wherein the separation is preformed in the region of a gap between two neighboring veneers and
the boards are profiled at their side borders and are provided with connecting means.
The pressing process in which the layers of the multilayer body are pressed with each other and connected, is performed with the following process parameters:
the pressing pressure is greater or equal to 1,000 kilopascals (kPa), preferably greater than or equal to 3,500 kilo Pascal (kPA)
the pressing temperature is grater or equal to 100° C., in particular greater or equal to 120° C. and is preferably in the temperature range between 180° C. and 120° C.
the pressing time is between 10 and 60 seconds.
During the pressing of the multilayer body the resin of the resin layer is plasticized under the influence of heat and cured. By means of the resin the starting carrier plate and the wood veneers are glued to each other. Further the gaps between the veneers are filled with resin.
For producing a floorboard according to the application a large surface starting carrier plate is provided. A large area carrier plate means that it has a size in length and width which corresponds to a multiple, in particular an integer multiples of the size of one floor board.
The starting carrier plate and thus the carrier plate of a floor board is a plate material made of a wood material, such as solid wood, chipboard, wood fiver material, MDF (Medium Density Fiber Board) or HDF (High Density Fiber Board). Within the scope of the application preferably a carrier plate made of HDF is used. Also conceivable are carrier plates made of waterproof materials for example in the basis of mineral materials such as fiber cement, sand-bindegemische or wood plastic composite materials (wood-plastic-composites WPC) and wood fiber polymer composite materials or also the use of magnesite plates. An aspect is here directed towards the use of natural fiber reinforced plastic as work material for the carrier plate or the basis carrier plate. Beside wood fibers also other plant fibers such as Jute or Flax can be used in particular in a wood fiber or wood powder proportion of 50% to 90% and a plastic matrix of polypropylene (PP). further a wood plastic composite on the basis of thermoplastically processible thermoset which contain modified melamine resin with natural fiber or natural powder proportion find use. In this connection, bamboo plastic composites (BPC) also offer interesting practical approaches. In this material bamboo fibers or bamboo powder are used as natural material.
As mentioned above, also plates on the basis of cement containing binders or fiber cement plates can be used as carrier plate. Also, like magnesite plates. Magnesite plates are made of a mixture of magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, silicates, and fibers, in particular wood and/or glass fibers. An advantage of magnesite plates is the low weight and the low heat conducting capacity as wells as their flame resistance. Magnesite plates are categorized as non-flammable.
The starting point of the production of the floorboards according to the application is a large-area carrier plate, in the present case referred to as starting carrier plate. Such a large-area starting carrier plate is rectangular and has a size of 2,000 mm to 5,000 mm in length and 1,200 mm to 2,100 mm in width. Usually, the carrier plate or the starting carrier plate has a thickness of 4.5 mm to 12 mm.
An aspect of the application is that a resin layer is provided between the carrier plate and the veneer and the carrier plate, the resin layer and the veneer are pressed together and are joined to each other. The veneers are hereby positioned on the carrier plate with a lateral distance to each other so that a gap is formed between the veneers. The veneer is permeated or infiltrated by the resin of the resin layer. The pressing is conducted hot at a temperature of more than 100° C., more than 120° C., preferably at a temperature between 180° C. and 210° C. The pressing temperature relates to the temperature at the press plate of the press. This temperature is also present at the contact surfaces between the press plate and the topside of the veneer or the bottom side of the carrier plate.
The resin layer is made of a resin. This is in particular a thermoset synthetic resin. Colored or transparent melamine resins or melamine/polyurethane mixtures can be used. An aspect of the application is directed towards using resins, which cure or react under the influence of heat and pressure. In this connection aminoplastic, thermoset or reactive resins such as polyurethane (PUR) or thermoplastic Polyurethane can be used. The resin can be present on a paper-type carrier in the form of a paper impregnate, also referred to as resin layer. The resin or the resin layer can further be present or configured as resin film.
The veneers are provided as strips or plates. The veneers are positioned on the starting carrier plate with a lateral distance to each other so that a gap is formed. Hereby the veneers are arranged or positioned so that continuous gaps are created that extend along a longitudinal direction of the starting carrier plate and are spaced apart by a width corresponding to a floorboard to be separated. A multilayer body is formed including the starting carrier plate and the veneers. Between the starting carrier plate and the veneers, a resin layer is incorporated. On the bottom side of the starting carrier plate a balancing layer is arranged. The thusly formed multilayer body is then pressed in a press so that the starting carrier plate, the resin layer and the veneers and the balancing layer are joined. The pressing of the multilayer body is preformed in a press, i.e., at a pressing pressure of greater or equal to 1,000 Kilopascal (kPa). Preferably the pressing pressure is above 3,500 Kilopascal (kPa). The pressing temperature is greater or equal to 100° C., in particular greater than or equal to 120° C. Preferably the pressing temperature is between 180° C. and 120° C. The pressing temperature is in relation to the temperature at the pressing plate or the press. Within the framework of the method according to the application the pressing time in chi the multilayer body is impinged with pressure in the pressing tool is between 10 seconds and 60 seconds.
During the pressing process the surface of the veneers may be provided with a texture, a pattern or ornaments by a textured plate or a texturizer. Subregions of the texture may vary regarding glossiness. The texture may also have different depth. The depth of the texture can be up to 0.6 mm. Relative to the veneer thickness the texture can have a depth of ⅔ of the thickness of the veneer.
After the pressing process the pressed multilayer body is separated into individual boards. The separation of the multilayer body into individual boards is carried out in the region of a gap between two neighboring veneers. The separation occurs thus between two boards in the gap which is filled with the cured resin, and which extends over the length of the starting carrier plate. The width of the individual veneers is adjusted to the width of the individual floorboard.
The division of the pressed multilayer body is performed after cooling. For this purpose, the multilayer body can be transported over a cooling path or can be intermediately stored for cooling.
In a subsequent work step the individual boards are profiled at their side borders. The profiling is only performed after the carrier plate has cooled to room temperature. The profiling serves in particular for forming joining means at the longitudinal and transverse sides of the panels.
During the profiling the remainder of the gap, which extends as border strip made of resin along a floorboard, can be completely removed. Further it is possible that a border strip made of resin remains along the side borders of the veneer. The side borders made of resin form a visual contrast to the veneer. In addition, the border strip is advantageous during the mechanical processing of the side borders. Because the side border regions of the boards are stabilized by the resin, a mechanical processing is advantageously possible. In particular fraying of the veneer can be avoided.
As pressing tool, in particular a shod-contact press, is used or a continuous press. During the hot-pressing process or the pressing process under heat influence, the resin layer is plasticized and penetrates into the veneer. An aspect of the application is that the resin of the resin layer permeates the veneer up to the topside of the veneer. This causes pores, cracks, gaps and/or other flaws in the veneer to be filled with resin during the pressing process. The resin of the resin layer forms an inseparable connection between the veneer and the carrier plate. A particular advantage of the application is thus that two production steps, i.e., gluing and smoothening of the veneer are performed in one step.
In particular the pressing of the multilayer body is performed so that the resin permeates the veneer and after the pressing the resin is visible at the surface of the veneer. In this connection in particular resins that are color coordinated with the color of the veneer are used. In terms of production a black resin is regarded as universally advantageous. Suitably the pressing is performed so that no or only very little resin sticks to the surface of the veneer and with this the floorboard. Pores, cracks, gaps, or other flows are visibly filled. However, no, or only very little excess resin exits on the surface. The pressed product then only has to be texture-brushed and may be provided with a surface oil treatment or varnishing.
Within the framework of the application, the resin layer can be formed by a resin paper. The resin paper is made of a paper with a paper weight of 30 g/m.sup.2 up to 120 g/m.sup.2. This paper is soaked with resin and has then at least twice or three times the weight, preferably the resin paper has a weight of more than 100 g/m.sup.2. The resin paper is thus a paper impregnate with a strong excess of resin. The resin paper is integrated between the starting carrier layer and the veneers. For this the products are joined layer by layer including the balancing layer. Subsequently the multilayer body is pressed.
An alternative provides that the resin layer is formed by a resin film that is applied on the topside of the starting carrier plate. Hereby the resin is applied to the starting carrier plate in liquid form and is partially dried or pre-condensed. The resin film adheres to the starting carrier plate as a gel or wax-like layer.
The resin layer can also be formed on the bottom side of the veneers in the form of a resin film. Also, in this case the resin is applied in liquid form on a side of the veneers. As a result, the veneers are impregnated with resin. The resin applied in liquid form is partially dried and pre-condensed. The thus impregnated veneer provided with the resin layer is further processed after producing the resin layer. Prior to forming the multilayer body, the veneers are rotated so that the resin layer is on the bottom side of the veneers and comes into contact with the topside of the starting carrier plate.
A resin film can also be formed by applying resin in powder form onto the surface of the starting carrier plate or onto the veneers. The pulverous resin is then melted under heat influence so that the resin film forms.
Generally the resin can also be present or processed paste-like, i.e., in the form of a paste.
The amount of resin is dosed so that it infiltrates or permeates through the veneer, however it cannot exit onto the surface of the veneer as a result of the closed press. The resin is pressed into and fills pores, flaws, cracks, or gaps in the veneer. The natural wood surface or cork surface and texture remains preserved. The resin can be thickened with a filler. As a result, more mass is present to fill pores, cracks, gaps and/or flaws. As filler organic or inorganic materials can be used, in particular mineral pigments, stone powder, or chalk, as well as wood powder or wood meal.
The balancing layer compensates tensions in the multilayer body. The balancing layer can be a veneer, a paper, a foil, or a film, in particular a synthetic resin film. Advantageously a balancing veneer or a balancing paper is also provided with resin or is impregnated with synthetic resin. The balancing layer is pressed during production of the floorboards according to the application together with the starting carrier plate, the veneers and the resin layer and connected on the bottom side with the starting carrier plate.
The floorboards are profiled at their side borders and are provided with joining means. Joining means can be configured as groove and tongue. Preferably the side borders are provided with a click joint. The boards can also be provided with a circumferential chamfer at their topside borders. In the case of a floorboard with chamfer the intermediate resin layer has a very positive effect on the humidity sealing in the installed product.
A color design of the floorboard is also possible when the resin is visible at the side borders. In particular this is accomplished by a colored resin, which is color coordinated with the veneer. Hereby individual or all side borders can be configured with a visible border strip of resin. A variance in optical design of a panel results when a resin is used that has a color that contrasts the color of the veneer. This for example allows generating a particular visual appearance of the joints in a targeted manner. The interplay between resin and veneer enables visual accentuation of the surface of a floor-, wall- or ceiling-panel according to the application. For this purpose, also effect material can be used in the resin, as mentioned pigments and other fillers.
A further aspect is to form the chamfer as a decorative visually delimiting edge. Further the veneer can be printed with a decor. Preferably the printing is performed by means of digital printing. Hereby a system of printing inks is used that is adapted to the used resins. It is possible to apply a sealing to the veneer. The term sealing means the application of color, a pickle or an oil or a varnish or varnish system.
It is particularly advantageous that the floorboard or the surface of the veneer can be subjected to a mechanical processing after the pressing. The surface treatment in particular includes grinding or brushing of the surface. This allows accentuating the natural visual appearance of the surface. By unevenly treating the surface an aged structure or look, a so-called vintage optic can be achieved. The surface of the boards can thus for example have a rough-sewn surface or chatter marks or grinding flaws or the like.
A floorboard produced with the method according to the application is cost-effective in manufacture and has a high quality. Particularly advantageous is that no large-area stitched or glued veneers have to be used that are adjusted to the dimensions of a starting carrier plate. The division of the starting carrier plate into individual floorboards is performed along the gaps formed between the wood veneers.
The boards are compelling in their natural wood optic or cork optic with a rustic character due to the optically perceptible filled cracks, gaps and/or branch holes. Because the veneer, i.e., the topside wear surface or cover layer of the panel is permeated or impregnated with resin, in addition the resistance, in particular impact resistance and wear resistance is increased. The increased resistance enables mechanical processing of the veneer for example by grinding or brushing with a lower risk of destroying the optic by the mechanical processing. The boards are significantly more durable. Advantageously the application also enables using softer woods or veneers made of softer woods such as larch. As a result of the impregnation or permeation with resin a veneer made of a soft wood becomes harder and more durable.
Within the framework of the application also advantageously vapored or smoked veneers can be used. Particularly suited are further veneers made of coarse-pored woods such as oak, ash, larch, or spruce as well as veneers made of cork. The quality of the veneers is improved and the veneers are optically accentuated by the infiltration with resin according to the application.
In the following the application is explained by way of drawings. It is shown in
For producing floorboards according to the application a multilayer body is formed. The multilayer body includes a large area starting carrier plate 1. The starting carrier plate 1 is shown in
Onto the starting carrier plate 1 the individual wood veneers 2, 3 are place as strips. The strips extend over the entire length of the starting carrier plate 1 between the starting carrier plate 1 and the veneers 2, 3 the resin layer 4 of resin 4 is integrated (interposed). The resin is in particular a thermoset synthetic resin. The resin layer 4 can be formed by a resin paper. As an alternative the resin layer 4 is formed by a resin film applied onto the topside of the starting carrier plate 1. The resin layer 4 can also be formed by a resin film applied to the bottom side of the veneers 2, 3.
The individual veneers 2, 3 are spaced apart by a lateral distance a so that a gap 6 is formed between. the individual veneers 2, 3. As mentioned, on the bottom side of the starting carrier plate 1 the balancing layer is arranged. A balancing layer 7 is shown in
After the pressing the pressed multilayer body is separated into individual floorboards 9, 10. Individual floorboards 9, 10 are shown in
In a subsequent work step the side borders 11, 12 of the floorboards 9, 10 are profiled. During the profiling the side borders 11, 12 are provided with joining means 13, 14. Joining means 13, 14 can be recognized in
The resin 5 can also be enriched with a filler. The surface of the floorboards 9, 10 can also be printed with a decor. Also, the side borders 11, 12 or the border strips 15, 16, which are made of hard resin material, can be printed. The surface of the floorboards 9, 10 can be provided with a sealing. Furthermore, the surface of the floorboards 9, 10 can be subjected to a mechanical surface processing, in particular a grinding process and/or a brushing process and/or an embossing process. The aforementioned measures serve for optically accentuating and texturizing the surface.
Each floorboard 9, 10 has a carrier plate V, on the topside of which a veneer 2 or 3, i.e., a wood veneer is applied. The carrier plate V and the wood veneer 2, 3 are pressed and glued to each other via a resin layer 4 or resin. 5 over their entire surface. On the bottom side of the carrier plate V the balancing layer 7 is provided. At the side borders 11, 12 of the floorboards 9, 10 connecting means 13, 14 are provided in the form of locking strips. In a floor cover of neighboring floorboards 9, 10 the respective corresponding locking strips engage with each other. In
The carrier plate V and the topside wood veneer 2, 3 and the carrier plate V and the bottom side balancing layer 7 are thermally pressed with each other and inseparably glued with each other. The gluing between the carrier plate V and the wood veneer 2, 3 is accomplished via the interposed resin 5. Also, the balancing layer 7 is glued with the carrier plate V via a resin 5.
The floorboards 9, 10 are produced as described above. The individual floorboards 9, 10 are separated from the pressed multilayer body. Hereby the multilayer body is separated along the gaps 6 which extend over the entire length.
As can be seen in
In the floorboard 10 as shown in
As mentioned above during the production of the floorboards 9, 10 the starting carrier plate 1 or the carrier plate V, the wood veneer 2, 3 the balancing layer 7 with the interposed resin 5 are pressed to each other under heat influence. During the pressing procedure the resin 5 is plasticized. The resin 5 present between the starting carrier plate 1 and the wood veneer 2, 3 infiltrates the wood veneer 2, 3. Hereby the resin 5 can permeate the wood veneer 2, 3 up to the surface 8 of the wood veneer 2, 3. Pores, cracks, gaps, or other flaws in the wood veneer are filled with resin 5 during the pressing. A subsequent gluing of the wood veneer 2, 3 with the starting carrier plate 1 follows and the smoothening of the surface 8 of the wood veneer 2, 3 together in one work step during pressing of the multiplayer body.
1—starting carrier plate
1T—carrier plate
2—wood veneer
3—wood veneer
4—resin layer
5—resin
6—gap
7—balancing layer
8—surface of 2, 3
9—floorboard
10—floorboard
11—side border
12—side border
13—joining means
14—joining means
15—border strip
16—border strip
17—face side of 11, 12
18—surface of 15, 16
a—distance
T1—separation line
T2—separation line
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2013 113 130.1 | Nov 2013 | DE | national |
The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/352,942, filed on Jun. 21, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/039,748, filed on May 26, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,072,156, which is a U.S. national stage of International Application No. PCT/DE2014/100397, filed on Nov. 11, 2014, which claims the benefit of German Application No. 10 2013 113 130.1, filed on Nov. 27, 2013. The entire contents of each of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/352,942, U.S. application Ser. No. 15/039,748, International Application No. PCT/DE2014/100397, German Application No. 10 2013 113 130.1 are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17352942 | Jun 2021 | US |
| Child | 18047755 | US | |
| Parent | 15039748 | May 2016 | US |
| Child | 17352942 | US |
