Patent Application
20120055110
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for producing a functional layer of a building shell. In addition, this invention relates to a functional shell, produced, in particular, according to the above-mentioned method, as well as a functional layer produced, in particular, according to the above-mentioned method.
2. Description of Related Art
These days, high requirements are set for roofs and façades, i.e., the building shell, because of internal and external factors. External factors are water in liquid form (rain, light snow, melt water, etc.), but also dust, dirt and insects, which penetrate or are driven in through cuts and joints in the cover material. As a result, the subjacent layers can become unacceptably soaked, soiled and/or damaged. Internal factors are, e.g., water vapor convection or diffusion, which can result in unacceptably high levels of melt water or condensation water formation.
To protect the overall structure from the above-mentioned factors, structural composite foils are now installed. For protection from external factors, in general sarking (a layer of boards or bituminous felt placed beneath tiles or other roofing to provide thermal insulation or to prevent ingress of water), below-deck and façade membranes are used; for protection against internal factors, air and vapor traps/barriers are used. Depending on climatic conditions, in this connection the inverse arrangement can also be useful. Depending on the material of the structural composite foils that is used, different properties are necessary, e.g., the water-tightness and the water vapor permeability (sd value), whereby depending on the requirement, a distinction is made among membranes that are open to diffusion (sd value of between 0 and 0.5 m), moisture-variable, vapor-barrier membranes (sd value of between. 0.5 and 1,500 m), and vapor-trapping membranes (sd value>1,500 m) (DIN 4108).
In terms of shape, slope, configuration and exposure, roofs are distinguished by, e.g., use, construction, climatic conditions and exposure with respect to building physics. While undisturbed surfaces can be relatively easily covered, there are detail points, e.g., cullises, collars, rising components and connections, as well as intersections, e.g., aerators, cables, etc., to which time-consuming and material-intensive connections have to be made. Also, when installing a structural composite foil, damages of the functional layer by mechanical, chemical and physical stresses can occur. Altogether, it is thus difficult to produce the necessary water-tightness and air-tightness of the structural composite foil.
Previously, connections, detail points, and damage to the functional layer were fixed or repaired by collars or adhesive tapes. The disadvantage of this method is that structural composite foils can be matched to or connected in a time-consuming and difficult way with aids, e.g., nails, staples, adhesive tapes, e.g., with geometrically demanding and/or poorly available details. In addition, in particular, adhesive tapes do not adhere to moist or dusty bases, which are frequently encountered in restoration.
Special difficulties arise even when installing a functional layer in the region of the roof squares. This relates both to the first production of a roof in new construction and roof repair or renovation. The roof squares are formed here by the free spaces between the rafters, whereby a sheathing is provided on the inside of the building, i.e., in the building. The arrangement of a structural composite foil in the roof square and the connection to the sheathing is often difficult and time-consuming.
The object of this invention is to make available a method and a building shell of the above-mentioned type, whereby a functional layer can also be applied in a simple way in a roof square.
Another object of this invention is to make available a functional layer for a building shell or a method for the production of a functional layer, whereby in a simple way, a matching of the functional layer to specific details of the building shell is possible, and at the same time the necessary sealing of the functional layer is ensured.
In a method of the above-mentioned type, the above-mentioned object is achieved according to the invention in that the functional layer is applied at least in some places by painting or spraying on the outside of the sheathing, and an air-tight and/or water-tight foil that is designed, in particular, as a vapor barrier that forms after application.
The above-mentioned object is achieved with a functional layer of a building shell according to the invention, in that the functional layer has a foil that is applied by spraying and/or painting at least in some places, which forms an air-tight and/or water-tight film after application. In this case, in addition to the foil, at least one structural composite foil can preferably be provided. In this case, the foil is preferably applied in places in which no structural composite foil is provided and/or the structural composite foil is damaged and/or slashed or cut out.
As a result, a method is provided by the invention, with which it is possible, in a simple way, to apply a tight functional layer quickly and without damage to the outside of a sheathing that forms the bottom or base of a roof square and that, moreover, meets all construction requirements. Moreover, the invention thus provides a material or a method, whereby—regardless of the composition of the base and the type of geometric requirement—the detail of the building or the building shell in question can be equipped quickly and easily with a functional layer, which meets all construction requirements. The foil that is applied by spraying and/or painting, which is referred to below as “spray foil” for the sake of simplicity, but is not limited to spraying, but rather can also be painted, offers the significant advantage that it can be applied very much faster and easier than a structural composite foil that is inserted into the roof square that can optionally be assigned to, and moreover, fastened there accordingly. In this case, the spray foil is preferably applied as the inner or bottommost layer, i.e., indirectly or directly, on the external roof system. By a corresponding selection of material of the spray foil, it can be ensured that the latter adheres securely to the outside of the sheathing, i.e., special fastening means are not necessary.
According to the invention, it is possible, in principle, that the functional layer is formed completely from the spray foil. In this connection, however, this is rather a special case, which can occur in particular in very rambling roofs, in which installation of structural composite foils is difficult. It is preferred when the functional layer—as follow-on to the spray foil—has at least one structural composite foil, whereby the spray foil is applied in the places in which no structural composite foil is provided and/or the structural composite foil is damaged and/or slashed or cut out. Finally, it has been shown that from the installation standpoint, it is especially advantageous when the bulk of the surface to be supplied with a functional layer is supplied with a structural composite foil, thus, for example, a sarking, below-deck or façade membrane and/or an air and vapor trap/barrier, while the respective connection or detail points, which are difficult to connect, are covered by the spray foil. In principle, the spray foil here can have the same properties (e.g., sd value) as the structural composite foil. It can also be of quite special advantage, however, in this connection, when the spray foil has properties that are different from the structural composite foil, as can be the case, for example, in the area of rafters, which will be explained in greater detail below.
It is expressly pointed out that this invention is not limited to the application of a spray foil in the roof square. In principle, the invention can also be implemented in the area of the façade, when a corresponding framework is made there. In this case, the spray foil is applied on the outside of the sheathing on the inside of the building, which limits the frame field between two adjacent frames in the direction of the building. Below, only the special requirements in the area of the rafters and roof squares and the production of the spray foil at this location are discussed. The statements above and below apply, however, equally to the façade or the frameworks provided in the area of the façade.
The material of the spray foil is a plastic, which contains additives depending on the use and corresponding to the properties required for this purpose. As plastics, in principle any plastic material that can be applied by painting or spraying is suitable. Preferred in this connection are plastic dispersions, which can be dispersed, emulsified or dissolved in an aqueous or organic medium, preferably in an aqueous medium, 1K or 2K, polymerizates, polyamides, polyolefins, polystyrene, prepolymers and cross-linking agents, polysulfones, fluorinated polymers, polycarbonates, PVC, polyacrylonitrile, bitumen/bitumen copolymers, cellulose, latex, butadiene, styrene-butadiene, polyester, polyether, polyurethane, polyurethane resin, in this connection preferably acrylates and polyurethanes. The plastic content in the dispersion or in the solution is advantageously between 10 and 90% by weight, preferably 20 and 80% by weight, and especially preferably between 30 and 70% by weight. With use of prepolymers, the plastic content is >70%, preferably >85%, and more preferably >95%.
Moreover, the plastic contains additives. The additives that are contained are defined in particular as rheology modifiers, pH regulators, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, softeners, adhesion promoters, drying agents, dyes, pigments and leveling modifiers. Relative to the total amount of the spray foil in the dry state, the proportion of additives is up to 30% by weight, preferably 0.5-15%, and more preferably 1-7%.
In principle, the foam inhibitor additives of the group can be foam inhibitors that contain silicone or mineral oil. Silcone-containing foam inhibitors have turned out to be especially advantageous.
The proportion of foam inhibitors relative to the total amount of all components is between 0.1 and 10% by weight relative to the total amount of all components, in particular between 0.2 and 7.5% by weight. Those mixtures in which the foam inhibitor additive has a proportion of between 0.3 and 5% by weight are especially suitable.
Rheology additives are contained in general in an amount of 0.05 to 5% by weight and in particular 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, relative to the total amount of the spray foil in the wet state. For a spray application, rheology modifiers are preferred, which exert a strong thixotropic or structurally viscous effect in such a way that the viscosity of the spray foil or the spray foil material during the application, i.e., the action of high shearing forces, is low, but the viscosity at low shearing forces, i.e., after application, increases in such a way that a flowing-off of the sprayed layer does not take place.
Whether and which of the other additives, not described in more detail above, are worked into the spray foil depends on the type of planned use and the amount of other components contained. In general, the amount of this proportion is between 0 and 5% by weight.
Depending on the composition, the spray foil can be used not only in the previously mentioned fields of the structural composite foil. It is then also suitable even for use in the areas of flat roofs, sealing of ground-based components, and rain gutters. In addition, it can be used in studded and drainage membranes, garden structural foils, concrete, plaster, wood, non-woven fabric or similar materials for connections or repairs.
The amount of time saved when using a spray foil is all the greater the more demanding and geometrically complex the building structure detail is. Thus, e.g., the amount of time saved relative to the state of the art in the installation on a collar beam with a structural composite foil that is to be connected by adhesive tape is approximately 50%; the same savings is achieved with a binding piece.
The application temperature of the spray foil is between 5 and 50° C., preferably between 10° C. and 40° C. The film-forming time of the applied material is at most 2 hours, preferably 1 hour, and in particular between 5 and 30 minutes.
The applied layer thickness conforms to the respective requirements. In normal uses, between 4 and 800 μm is applied in the paint application, and between 11 and 1,500 μm is applied in the spray application. In the two applications, layer thicknesses of between 100 and 300 μm are preferably provided. In the sealing of ground-based components, higher requirements are necessary. In this area, layer thicknesses of 0.4-3 mm, preferably between 0.7-1.5 mm, are necessary.
To check the adhesion coefficients, the spray foil is applied to various bases, and after 24 hours, a T-peel test is performed according to DIN 4108. The adhesive strengths are >8 N/5 cm, preferably >12 N/5 cm, and more preferably >15 N/5 cm. In the application on a wet surface, at least 70% of the previously indicated values are achieved, preferably up to 85%, and sometimes more.
The water-tightness is determined according to EN 13859 as a static water column. For testing, the spray foil is applied on a 2 mm wide and 5 cm long crack in a foil base material. In this case, water-tightness of >100 mm, preferably >200 m, more preferably >500 mm, and in particular >1,000 mm, is achieved. In the sealing of ground-based components, higher requirements are also given here. There, water-tightness of >500 mm, preferably >1,500 mm, is necessary.
The water-tightness or water vapor permeability depends on the use and can be set as follows by the base material and the layer thickness depending on the application:
Use of the spray foil on/as air- and/or vapor trap/barrier: sd value according to EN 1931: 0.5-100 m, preferably 2-40 m, more preferably 2-5 m; and/or
Use of the spray foil on/as moisture-variable air- and/or vapor trap/barrier: sd value according to EN 1931: <2 m in the moist range (relative humidity 90%) and >2 m in the dry range (relative humidity 40%), preferably <1.2 m in the moist range (relative humidity 90%), and >2.5 m in the dry range (relative humidity 40%); and/or
Use of the spray foil on/as sealing in ground-based components: sd value according to EN 1931: >20 m, preferably >100 m, more preferably >200 m; and/or
Use of the spray foil as a sarking, below-deck and/or façade membrane that is open to diffusion: sd value according to EN 1931: 0.01-0.5 m, preferably 0.02-0.3 m.
For the case that is open to diffusion, specifically incompatible foam-inhibiting additives can also be used, which result in pores caused by microfoam and thus in correspondingly low sd values.
The loop-shaped installation via the rafters represents a special use case. Generally speaking, a higher sd value is required in the area of the roof square, and a lower sd value is required in the area of the rafters themselves, in particular on the tops of the rafters. This can be achieved, e.g., in that the moisture-variable case is applied to the entire roof. The variant in which a vapor-barrier or vapor-trapping foil with a high sd value is placed in the roof square and the spray foil is applied to the rafters is preferred, however. In this case, a smaller sd value of the spray foil of <1.7 m, preferably <1 m, and more preferably <0.5 m, can be used.
Depending on the composition of the base and/or the width of the gap to be repaired, it is also possible to work with a support structure/layer. The latter is used to offset greater roughnesses and porosities or to span gaps. The support structure/layer can be, e.g., a non-woven fabric or cloth. In particular, light non-woven fabrics (10-50 g/m2) made of polypropylene or polyester can be used, since the latter are inexpensive and flexible and offer a good base for coating with the spray foil.
Since components of a building are not covered immediately, but rather during the course of the construction progress, considerable exposure times to free weather conditions may result. UV exposure, heat, cold, wind and rain represent the main factors in this connection. Due regard is preferably paid to this in that the spray foil has sufficient resistance against UV radiation/heat and moisture swelling, is heat-resistant and cold-flexible, and offers appropriate tensile strength and elongations at break.
The resistance to UV radiation/heat is determined on a spray foil-film according to EN 13859 in a combination of artificial weathering (QUV, 14 days) and hot storage (80° C., 90 days). Subsequently, water-tightness, tensile strength and elongations at break are determined. At these values, in the spray foil according to the invention, 50%, preferably 80%, and more preferably 90% of the starting values are achieved before the weathering and hot storage.
The resistance to moisture swelling has been determined on a spray foil film according to the invention by storage in water at 50° C. for 4 weeks. Depending on the material of the spray foil, the weight increase is less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, and more preferably less than 5%. The tensile strength relative to the unsupported state is >30%, preferably >50%. If the test is performed on a substrate, separation must not be observed.
Cold flexibility has been determined on the spray foil film according to the invention with the respective largest layer thickness as cold-bending behavior according to EN 13859. The test is passed at −5° C., preferably at −15° C., and more preferably at −30° C.
The tensile strength according to EN 13859 of the spray foil has turned out to be adequate at a value of >50 N/5 cm. Values of >80 N/5 cm have preferably been achieved.
The elongation at break according to EN 13859 of the spray foil has proven suitable at a value of >50%. Values of >100% and also >200% were preferably achieved.
If, however, the spray foil is applied on a support structure, an elongation at break of >10%, preferably >20%, is adequate. In this case, the tensile strength should preferably be >100 N/5 cm.
For the suitability of the coating or the spray foil for practical use, the properties in liquid form are also important in addition to the properties of the hardened spray foil. In this case, the viscosity, the drying time, and the flow-off behavior of the material of the spray foil play a role by themselves or in combination.
For the paint application, the viscosity should be in the range of 5,000 to 25,000 mPa·s, preferably between 8,000 and 18,000 mPa·s, and more preferably between 11,000 and 15,000 mPa·s. For the spray application, viscosities of between 500 and 5,000 mPa·s are suitable, preferably between 1,000 and 4,000 mPa·s, and in particular between 1,500 and 3,000 mPa·s.
The drying time at 20° C. and 50% relative humidity is preferably <5 hours, so that a continuation of the procedure is possible within a reasonable period after applying the spray foil. The spray foil is then surface-dry and can withstand small loads. The drying time is preferably less than two hours and more preferably <1 hour, whereby an open time of >5 minutes, preferably between 6 and 20 minutes, can be useful to make corrections possible.
Drying times of the solvent-free film, i.e., the spray film on an aqueous basis, aside from temperature and atmospheric humidity, depend very greatly on the acrylate dispersions that are used. Here, it has been shown that formulations based on the revacryl series of synthomers have the best properties relative to drying time and film-forming, such as a comparison produced with formulations based on comparable acrylate dispersions—e.g., Primal AC 235 (Rohm & Haas) or Mowilith LDM 7739 (Celanese):
The comparison formulations were coated with a doctor knife adjacent to one another on the plastic foil (200 μm wet layer thickness), and the time until the film-forming was stable and could no longer be damaged, i.e., by exerting pressure with a blunt object, was determined:
An exemplary formulation for inside uses (below the thermal insulation), in which in winter, no below-zero temperatures act on the film of the spray foil, looks as follows:
Plastic dispersion Synthomer Revacryl 100, ventilator Tego Airex 902W 2.7%, BTC Helizarin Blue 3.3%, filler Quarzwerke Tremin Wollastonite USST 939-100 10%, filler Dupont Tipure TiO2 3.3%, thickener Borchi gel 0625 0.1%, thickener Borchi gel 0622 0.2%, foam inhibitor Tego Foamex 825 3.3%.
An exemplary formulation of outside uses (above the thermal insulation), in which in winter, below-zero temperatures act on the film of the spray foil, looks as follows:
Plastic dispersions Synthomer Revacryl 100: Synthomer Revacryl 5239 ratio 1:2, foam inhibitor Tego 590 LAE 15%, BTC Helizarin Blue 0.25%, Filler Quarzwerke Tremin Wollastonite USST 939-100 12.5%, thickener Borchi gel 0625 0.1%, thickener Borchi gel 0622 0.2%.
The flow-off behavior is especially important in sloped and vertical uses, whereby in principle, it can be pointed out that this invention can be easily implemented in horizontal uses, uses sloped at any angle, and vertical uses. Runs, which are also known by the names curtains or noses, can occur when materials are too thickly applied at low viscosity, specifically with applications on a vertical base. In connection with this invention, it has been determined that the flow-off behavior depends on, on the one hand, the viscosity of the material to be applied, and, on the other hand, the layer thickness. In addition, the surface tension of the base, on which the material of the spray foil is applied, plays a role. In principle, the viscosity and the layer thickness as well as the surface tension of the base should be selected in such a way that when applied on a vertical flat surface, a discharge width of less than 7 cm, preferably less than 5 cm, and in particular <3 cm is produced.
In a test that has been performed in connection with this invention, two drops of the liquid film with a viscosity corresponding to the above-mentioned ranges are to be applied to a film that is made of polyamide 6 with a surface tension of 42 mN/m. Then, the film has been placed vertically. The layer thickness of the drops was in the range of 1.5 mm here. The flow-off behavior or the length of the run was less than 3 cm.
Below, several formulation examples of the material of the spray foil according to the invention are indicated:
Formulation 1 (Spraying)
Plastic dispersion RA 576 H (acrylate/methacrylate base) of the Ercros Company, foam inhibitor Tego Foamex 805 1% from the Evonik Company, Printofix Red 0.5% from the Clariant Company, thickener Borchi gel 0621 0.5% from the OMG Borchers Company.
Viscosity: 1,750 mPa·s
Layer Thickness: 284 g/m2
Sd Value: 1.95 m
Use, e.g.: U-shaped between the rafters or as vapor-barrier LDS/repairs
Formulation 2 (Painting)
Plastic dispersion Mowilith LDM 7739 (acrylate base) from the Celanese Company, foam inhibitor AF 0871 1% from the OMG Borchers Company, Printofix Yellow 0.5% from the Clariant Company, thickener Borchi gel 0621 0.1%, from the OMG Borchers Company, leveling additive Borchi gel 232 1% from the OMG Borchers Company
Viscosity: 15,400 mPa·s
Layer thickness: 197 g/m2
Sd value: 0.92 m
Use, e.g.: U-shaped between the rafters or as vapor-barrier LDS/repairs
Formulation 3 (Painting)
Plastic dispersion Emuldur DS 2360 (polyurethane base) from the BASF Company, foam inhibitor Tego Foamex 805, 0.8% from the Evonik Company, thickener Borchi gel 0621 0.15% from the OMG Borchers Company, leveling additive Borchi gel 232 1.2% from the OMG Borchers Company
Viscosity: 10,300 mPa·s
Layer thickness 1: 60 g/m2
Sd value: 1: 0.05 m
Layer thickness 2: 105 g/m2
Sd value 2: 0.09 m
Use, e.g.: as UDB that is open to diffusion, for repairs of UDB or on the rafters in combination with a U-vapor barrier
Formulation 4 (Spraying)
Acrylate dispersion: RA 576 H from the Ercros Company
Foam inhibitor: AF 0871 1.25% from the OMG Borchers Company
Color: Printofix Red 0.5% from the Clariant Company
Thickener: Borchi gel 0621 0.5% from the OMG Borchers Company
Viscosity: 1,750 mPa·s
Layer thickness: 284 g/m2
Sd value: 1.95 m
Use, e.g.: U-shaped between the rafters or as vapor-barrier LDS/repairs
Formulation 5 (Spraying)
Acrylate dispersion: Mowitith LDM 7739 from the Celanese Company
Foam inhibitor: AF 0871 1.5% from the OMG Borchers Company
Color: Printofix Red 1.0% from the Clariant Company
Color: Printofix Yellow 1.0% from the Clariant Company
Thickener: Borchi gel 0621 0.1% from the OMG Borchers Company
Leveling additive: Tego Wet 270 1% from the Evonik Company
Viscosity: 2,550 mPa·s
Layer thickness: 205 g/m2
Sd value: 2.3 m
Use, e.g.: U-shaped between the rafters or as vapor-barrier LDS/repairs
Formulation 6 (Spraying)
Plastic dispersion Emuldur DS 2361 (polyurethane base) from the BASF Company, foam inhibitor Tego Foamex 805 1.2% from the Evonik Company, thickener Borchi gel 0621 0.08% from the OMG Borchers Company, leveling additive Borchi gel 232 0.9% from the OMG Borchers Company
Viscosity: 1,360 mPa·s
Layer thickness: 66 g/m2
Sd value: 0.19 m
Use, e.g.: as UDB that is open to diffusion, for repairs on UDB, on the rafters in combination with U-vapor barrier, sealing of butt joints
Formulation 7 (Painting)
Acrylate dispersion: Synthomer 100 from the Synthomer Company
Foam inhibitor: Tego 815 N 4% from the Evonik Company
Color: Printofix black 1.0% from the Clariant Company
Thickener: DSX 3800 0.2% from the Cognis Company
Viscosity: 11,700 mPa·s
Layer thickness: 123 g/m2
Sd value: 1.4 m
Use, e.g.: U-shaped between the rafters or as vapor-barrier LDS/repairs
The differences between the formulations for the variants that can be painted and sprayed essentially relate to the proportion of the rheology additive to the total amount of the spray foil in the wet state. For the variants that can be sprayed, higher proportions are necessary because of the greater applied layer thickness and the thus greater tendency to form runs. Relative to the indicated example, the proportion of the rheology additive is increased by approximately 50% relative to the original addition of the additive for the paint-on foil.
The application of the foil according to the invention can be done by spray application by airless devices, airmix devices, or spray nozzles. In airless application by a pressure spray bottle, in principle commercially available nozzles (hollow cone, full cone, or flat jet, etc.) can be used. Because of the high viscosity of the material of the spray foil, however, a special nozzle is preferably used. In the airmix application, the spray foil is poured into the color cup of the spray pistol and applied with compressed air. The spray nozzles preferably contain about 50% dimethyl ether as a propellant and approximately 50% spray foil material. In the spray application method, the distance to the surface to be sprayed is about 30 cm.
According to the invention, it is possible in principle that the functional layer is formed completely by the spray foil. It is also possible, however, that at least one air-tight and/or water-tight foil strip that runs along the roof square and is designed in particular as a vapor barrier is applied on the sheathing, whereby the longitudinal edges of the foil strip and the spray foil attached in front or in back then overlap. In this connection, it is preferred if first spray foil strips are applied to the sheathing, while the central area remains free for the foil strips. Subsequently, the foil strip is then overlapping on the applied spray foil, so that then a secure bonding of the foil strips via the spray foil to the sheathing is produced.
In an especially preferred embodiment of this invention, the spray foil is applied to at least one, in particular two, rafter sides of the rafters of a rafter box at least up to a partial height. In this case, a U shape of the functional layer is produced (relative to the cross-section). In this case, the spray foil is applied in such a way that only a closed surface of the spray foil and thus an air-tightness in the area of the spray foil is produced. This relates not only to the rafter sides and the outside of the sheathing, but also in particular to the transition between the sheathing and the rafters.
In connection with this invention, it has been found here that it is advantageous that the spray foil, starting from the sheathing, is applied over a rafter height of between 10 to 90%, preferably 20 to 80%, and in particular of over 30% to the rafter side. In this case, the sd value of the spray foil and/or the foil strip should be—at a relative humidity of 40%—more than 0.5 m, more preferably than 0.8 m, even more preferably than 1.3 m, and in particular more than 1.9 m.
To make possible as unimpeded a drying-out of the wood of the rafters as possible from the outside, the vapor-barrier spray foil, which is applied to the sheathing as a functional layer, should not be provided on the tops of the rafters. The tops of the rafters can either remain free or else an additional foil strip that is open to diffusion and/or another spray foil that is open to diffusion (i.e., by spraying or painting) is applied at least in some places. In this case, the sd value of the additional foil strip or the other foil should be smaller than 0.5 m, preferably smaller than 0.3 m, and in particular smaller than 0.09 m.
Although a connection between the additional foil strips provided on the top of the rafter or the additional foil with the lower spray foil is not absolutely necessary, nevertheless an excessive coating in this area, i.e., a cover in the edge area with a few centimeters, is preferably provided, since in this respect, the air-tightness can be better ensured.
After application of the lower spray foil, optionally in connection with a foil strip, as well as the additional spray foil or the additional foil strips provided on the tops of the rafters, the building shell is preferably further built up by corresponding materials. Thus, a thermal insulation material can first be applied one time to the foil, and said material is then introduced into the rafter box. Another sheathing, another thermal insulation layer, or a below-deck membrane that is open to diffusion can then follow. Another foil that is open to diffusion that is applied by spraying or painting or another separation point that is open to diffusion can also be provided.
Counter lathing and/or battens can then be applied if necessary to the above-mentioned layers, which can be provided by themselves but also in any combination with one another. The outside forms a hard, outer cover. In this connection, this can be a tiled roof or else a metal roof.
Moreover, it goes without saying that in the area of the façade, corresponding layers and materials can be provided, if this is desired and is necessary.
In addition, this invention, as mentioned above, also relates to a building shell, in which the previously mentioned features according to the method are then produced in a corresponding structural manner.
Below, moreover, features are indicated that by themselves or in any combination with one another and/or with the features indicated in the claims describe possible embodiments of the method according to the invention of the functional layer according to the invention and/or the building shell according to the invention, and are therefore also essential to the invention. Thus, the method, the building shell and/or the functional layer or the spray foil can be characterized in addition in that
The viscosity of the material of the foil for a paint application is in the range of between 5,000 to 25,000 mPa·s, preferably between 8,000 and 18,000 mPa·s and more preferably between 11,000 and 15,000 mPa·s, and/or the viscosity for a spray application is between 500 and 5,000 mPa·s, preferably between 1,000 and 4,000 mPa·s, and more preferably between 1,500 and 3,000 mPa·s, and/or
The drying time at 20° C. and 50% relative humidity is less than 5 hours, preferably less than 2 hours, and more preferably less than 1 hour, and/or the open time of the material of the foil after the application is greater than 5 minutes, in particular between 6 and 20 minutes, and/or
The discharge width of the material of the foil applied to a vertical surface depending on the surface tension of the base, the viscosity and the thickness of the applied material is less than 10 cm, preferably less than 5 cm, and more preferably less than 3 cm, and/or
The layer thickness of the film in the case of non ground-based uses in the paint application is between 4 and 800 μm and in the spray application is between 11 and 1,500 μm, preferably between 100 and 300 μm, and/or
The adhesive strength of the foil after 24 hours in a T-peel test according to DIN 4108 for dry underpressure is greater than 8 N/5 cm, preferably greater than 12 N/5 cm, and in particular greater than 15 N/5 cm, and preferably in the application on a moist surface, the adhesive strength corresponds to at least 70%, preferably about 85%, of the adhesive strength on the dry surface, and/or
With the following uses, the foil has the following water vapor permeability:
UV stabilizers, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, softeners, adhesion promoters, drying agents, dyes, pigments and/or leveling modifiers are provided, and/or
It is expressly pointed out, moreover, that the above-mentioned area specifications and intervals also indicated in the claims all comprise intermediate ranges and intermediate intervals that are within the range or interval limits as well as all individual values, and the latter can be considered as essential to the invention even when the latter are not mentioned in detail.
Below, embodiments of the invention are explained in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In this case, all features that are described and/or depicted form the subject of this invention by themselves or in any combination, regardless of how they are combined in the claims or how they are referenced.
In
The building shell 2 is provided with a functional layer that is not shown in
In
In all embodiments shown, it is now such that the functional layer is applied to the outside 15 of the sheathing 11 at least in some places by painting and/or spraying a foil, which is referred to below as spray foil 10. After application, the spray foil 10 forms—i.e., after the sheathing 11 is applied on the outside 15—an air-tight and/or water-tight film, which preferably also has the properties of a vapor barrier.
In
In the embodiment according to
In the embodiment according to
Instead of the additional spray foil 19, another foil strip can also be attached to the top of the rafter 17, which then has the same properties as the additional spray foil 19.
In
Above the additional sheathing 21, there is a below-deck membrane 22, which is present in a manner that is open to diffusion. Instead of the lower membrane 22, another spray foil with corresponding properties, i.e., present in a manner that is open to diffusion, can also be provided. Above the below-deck membrane 22, there is a counter lathing 23 and in turn battens 24. The roof shell is present formed by a hard cover 25 in the form of a tiled roof.
It is pointed out that
It is be pointed out that the embodiments depicted in
In the embodiments depicted in
In connection with
In a combination of a spray foil 10 with a structural composite foil 112, it is suggested in particular to cover areas above the structural composite foil 112 that are large-surface and easy to install, while in those areas where the installation of the structural composite foil is difficult or impossible for connection reasons, the structural composite foil is damaged or is slashed or cut out in the connection of components, the spray foil 10 is applied.
In
In
In
In
The structural composite foil 112 is cut out in the penetration area of the antenna 9, so that the opening 122 is produced. Then, the opening area as well as the directly adjacent area of the structural composite foil 112 is provided with a spray foil 10 in such a way that, then, an air-tight and water-tight connection, and thus, a correspondingly tight functional layer 10 are produced.
In
It is again pointed out that the above-mentioned installation positions depict only representative uses. It is understood that the spray foil 15 can be provided in principle at all sites that are difficult to access, whereby the spray foil 10 then is correspondingly matched by its properties to the construction requirements.
The embodiments depicted in
In the embodiment depicted in
Finally,
In all above-mentioned embodiments, in which the application of the spray foil 10 is carried out by spraying, it is such that the spraying task can be carried out by various devices. In this connection, for example, these can be so-called airless devices, airmix devices and spray nozzles. In this case, the distance from the nozzle or outlet opening of the respective device should be about 30 cm to the surface to be sprayed.
Various embodiments of the spray or liquid foil according to the invention were tested in a laboratory test on various relevant properties with respect to suitability as a vapor barrier. The results are depicted in Tables 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b according to
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2009 015 473.6 | Mar 2009 | DE | national |
| 10 2009 033 005.4 | Jul 2009 | DE | national |
| 10 2009 049 284.4 | Oct 2009 | DE | national |
| 10 2009 049 352.2 | Oct 2009 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2010/001867 | 3/25/2010 | WO | 00 | 11/21/2011 |
