Patent Application
20110009615
The present invention relates to a method for producing steroid compounds. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing steroid compounds by a fermentation step of using carbohydrates as a raw material and an organic synthesis step. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof, which comprises reduction of steroid compounds having a double bond at position 4, so as to construct a 5β-configuration. Further more specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof, which uses, as raw materials, sterols having double bonds at positions 5 and 24, such as cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol, desmosterol, fucosterol, or ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol, and which comprises the following 4 steps:
Further more specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof by a chemical synthesis method using cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol as a raw material, via cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one. Such 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof is useful as synthetic intermediates of medicaments such as ursodeoxycholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid.
Further, the present invention relates to a method for producing cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one using cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3-ol as a raw material. This product is useful as a synthetic intermediate of various steroid medicaments.
As a method for producing 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof, there have been reported several methods involving oxidation of hydroxyl groups of a raw material having the same skeleton and the same number of carbon atoms, such as chenodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid derived from bile acid (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 52-78864 and 52-78863; Spanish Patent No. 489661; French Patent No. 2453182; Nihon Kagaku Zassi, 1955, vol. 76, p. 297; J. Chem. Soc., Perkin., 1, 1990, vol. 1, p. 1, for example). As a method for producing such chenodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid, the following methods have been reported: (1) a production method using bile acid contained in animals as a raw material (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 64-61496 and 58-029799); Nihon Kagaku Zassi, 1955, vol. 76, p. 297; and J. Chem. Soc., Perkin. 1, 1990, vol. 1, p. 1, for example); (2) a method of producing such chenodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid by inducing them from steroids derived from plants, such as stigmasterol (refer to Chinese Patent No. 1217336; and Yunnan Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban, 1998, vol. 20, p. 399, for example); and (3) a method of producing such chenodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid by inducing them from raw materials having a few number of carbons on a side chain, such as progesterone (refer to Chinese Patent No. 1308085, for example).
However, the method described in (1) above involves expensive raw materials derived from natural source. It has been difficult to acquire sufficient quantities of such raw materials, and thus it has been desired an inexpensive chemical synthesis method be established. In addition, the methods described in (2) and (3) above also involve expensive raw materials derived from natural source, as with the method (1). These methods require a step of adjusting the number of carbon atoms on a side chain to that of a desired compound, or a multistep oxidation for introducing a functional group at position 7. Thus, these methods require a large number of steps, and they are thereby not economically efficient.
On the other hand, a method of obtaining a 3-oxo-4-ene steroid compound by subjecting a steroid compound having a double bond at position 5 and a hydroxyl group at position 3 to Oppenauer Oxidation, is described, for example, in Org. Synth. Col. Vol. III, 1955, p. 207.
Moreover, International Publication WO02/088166, the publication Steroid, 1983, vol. 43, No. 6, p. 707, and other publications, describe that reduction of a double bond at position 4 is effective as a means for constructing a 5β-configuration.
Furthermore, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1971, vol. 54, No. 8, p. 2775, and other publications, describe a method of obtaining a 3-oxo-4-ene-6,7-epoxy steroid compound by epoxidation of a 3-oxo-4,6-diene steroid compound, as a means for introducing an oxygen functional group into the position 7 of a steroid compound. Still further, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1986, vol. 51, p. 946, and other publications, describe a method of obtaining a 3-oxo-4-ene-7-ol steroid compound from a 3-oxo-4-ene steroid compound, using microorganisms. Still further, J. Chem. Res., Synop., 1986, No. 2, p. 48, and other publications, describe a method of obtaining a 3-oxo-7-ol steroid compound from a 3-oxo steroid compound, using microorganisms. Still further, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1982, vol. 44, No. 6, p.1249, and other publications, describe a method of obtaining a 5β-3,7-dihydroxy steroid compound from a 5β-3-hydroxy steroid compound, using microorganisms.
Moreover, as methods of cleaving a double bond by oxidation based on common findings of organic chemistry, there have been known a method of cleaving a double bond including by epoxidation or glycolation, a method of cleaving a double bond via ketone, a direct cleavage method using ozone, and other methods.
Furthermore, cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one that becomes an intermediate when cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol is used as a raw material is useful as a synthetic intermediate of various steroid medicaments. This compound has previously been obtained from a raw material derived from natural source, and further it has been produced via a long reaction process. Accordingly, the applicability of this compound has been limited in terms of cost and quantity. For example, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1965., vol. 21, No. 2, p. 149, describes a method for producing cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one, which comprises: subjecting cholesta-5,24-dien-3-ol (desmo) to Oppenauer Oxidation, so as to obtain 3-oxo-4,24-diene; subjecting the obtained 3-oxo-4,24-diene to enol etherification, so as to obtain 3-ethoxy-3,5,24-triene; and oxidizing the obtained 3-ethoxy-3,5,24-triene with manganese dioxide, so as to produce cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one.
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-141125 describes a method for producing cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, which comprises: modifying in a metabolic engineering manner Eumycetes that produce ergosterol via zymosterol; culturing the thus produced mutant strain; and collecting cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol from the culture product.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof, which uses, as raw materials, sterols having double bonds at positions 5 and 24, more specifically, such as cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol, desmosterol, fucosterol, or ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol, and which comprises the following 4 steps:
More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for synthesizing 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof, which is a compound having oxygen functional groups at positions 3 and 7 and having carboxylic acid or an ester at position 24, wherein cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol is used as a raw material and the compound of interest is obtained via cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one.
It is another object of the present invention to provide: a method for synthesizing a synthetic intermediate of various steroid compounds, which comprises synthesizing a compound having an oxygen functional group at position 3, a double bond at position 5, an oxygen functional group at position 7, and carboxylic acid at position 24, by an organic synthesis method, using one type of sterol, desmosterol, as a raw material; and a method for synthesizing steroid compounds such as lithocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, or glycochenodeoxycholic acid.
In order to efficiently produce 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof from raw materials other than those having the same skeleton and the same number of carbon atoms, it is preferable to use a steroid raw material, which is able to construct the same side chain carbon number by a few steps. Accordingly, steroids having a double bond at position 24 can be induced to a carboxyl group at position 24 or ester derivatives thereof by the oxidative cleavage.
In addition, 3-sterols having a double bond at position 5 are subjected reduction via oxidation of position 3 and isomerization of a double bond at position 5 to position 4, so as to construct a 5β-configuration.
Moreover, in the case of 3-oxo-4,6-diene steroids, introduction of an oxygen functional group into position 7 may be achieved by epoxidation of a double bond at position 6. In the case of 3-oxo-4-ene steroids, 3-oxo steroids, and 3-hydroxy steroids, such position 7 can be hydroxylated using microorganisms.
As a result of intensive studies directed towards achieving the aforementioned objects, the present inventors have found that when cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol is used as a raw material for example, oxidation to a ketone form thereof at position 3 and isomerization of a double bond thereof at position 5 to position 4 are first carried out, and a double bond thereof at position 7 is then isomerized to a double bond thereof at position 6, so as to produce a 3-oxo-4,6,24-triene compound.
In addition, the inventors have also found that the double bonds at positions 6 and 24 of cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one are epoxidized, that saturation of a double bond at position 4 by hydrogenation, the reductive cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond at position 6, and construction of a 5β-configuration, are then carried out, that 24,25-epoxy group is hydrolyzed to 24,25-diol, that oxidation of a hydroxyl group at position 7 to ketone and the oxidative cleavage thereof to 24-carboxylic acid are then carried out, and that the 24-carboxylic acid may be further esterified in some cases, thereby synthesizing 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid and ester derivatives thereof that are useful as synthetic intermediates of various steroids, such as ursodeoxycholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid.
Moreover, the inventors have also found that after epoxidation of the double bonds at position 6 and 24 in the aforementioned reaction, the order of the reaction is changed such that only the 24,25-epoxy group is first hydrolyzed, so as to obtain diol, and such that hydrogenation of the 6,7-epoxy group and saturation of the double bond at position 4 are then carried out, thereby synthesizing the same above 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid and ester derivatives thereof.
Furthermore, they have also found that only the position 24 of cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one is epoxidized and hydrolyzed, so as to obtain diol, that the double bond at position 6 is epoxidized, that hydrogenation of the 6,7-epoxy group and saturation of the double bond at position 4 are then carried out, that oxidation of a hydroxyl group at position 7 to ketone and the oxidative cleavage to 24-carboxylic acid are then carried out, and that 24-carboxylic acid may be further esterified in some cases, thereby synthesizing the same above 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid and ester derivatives thereof.
Still further, they have also found that after hydrogenation of the 6,7-epoxy group and saturation of the double bond at position 4 in the aforementioned reaction, the hydroxyl group at position 7 is oxidized, that the 24,25-epoxy group is hydrolyzed, that the oxidative cleavage to 24-carboxylic acid is carried out, and that the 24-carboxylic acid may be further esterified in some cases, thereby synthesizing the same above 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid and ester derivatives thereof.
Thus, based on the aforementioned findings, the present inventors have found that 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof can be produced using, as raw materials, sterols having double bonds at positions 5 and 24, such as cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol, desmosterol, fucosterol, or ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol, by performing the following 4 steps:
The schematic views of the aforementioned steps (I) to (IV) are shown below.
wherein A1 represents a hydrogen atom or isopropyl group; each of A2 and A3 independently represents a methyl group when A1 is a hydrogen atom, and represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group when A1 is an isopropyl group; and the bond between CI and CII represents a single bond or double bond.
The schematic view of the aforementioned step (II) is shown below.
wherein St represents a steroid skeleton consisting of ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D, and such a steroid skeleton (1) binds to the side chain shown in the formula at position C17, (2) may have a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a keto group, or an epoxy group, on the ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D, (3) wherein a carbon-carbon bond(s) at one or more positions selected from the group consisting of positions C1 to C8 may have a double bond(s), (4) one or more positions selected from the group consisting of positions C4, C10, C13, and C14 may be substituted with a methyl group(s).
Still further, the present inventors have found the following. A double bond at position 5 of the skeleton portion of desmosterol is converted to an isoform, so that it is protected, and a double bond at position 24 is then treated with ozone, so as to generate an ozonide. Thereafter, by an oxidative treatment with a Jones reagent, the double bond at position 24 is induced to carboxylic acid in one-pot reaction. Subsequently, a hydroxyl group at position 3 and the double bond at position 5 are regenerated by deprotection of the isoform, so as to synthesize a synthetic intermediate (35) such as lithocholic acid. Thereafter, the intermediate (35) is subjected to allylic oxidation, and a carbonyl group is introduced into position 7, thereby synthesizing synthetic intermediate (37) of various steroids, such as ursodeoxycholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid.
The aforementioned cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol, desmosterol, fucosterol, and ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol, are steroid compounds, which can be produced by the fermentation method using carbohydrate as a raw material. Thus, steroid compounds such as cholic acid, cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, desmosterol, lanosterol, ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol, fucosterol, ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol, or ergosterol, are generated by the fermentation method using carbohydrate as a raw material. The steroid compounds obtained by such the fermentation method are used as raw materials, an organic synthesis method is applied to these steroid compounds, so as to produce lithocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid (8), ursodeoxycholic acid (21a), chenodeoxycholic acid (21b), 3α-hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid (21c), 7-hydroxy-3-oxo-5β-cholanic acid (21d), or the ester derivatives of these acids.
That is to say, the present invention provides the inventions described in the following (1) to (51) and (A) to (J):
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
which is characterized in that it uses a steroid compound containing 22 or more carbon atoms (preferably containing 24 or more carbon atoms) generated from carbohydrate by a fermentation method, and in that it comprises a step of constructing a 5β-configuration by reduction of a double bond at position 4.
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
which is characterized in that a 5β-configuration is constructed by reduction of a double bond at position 4 in a steroid compound represented by the following formula (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4), (A5), (A6), (A7), or (A8):
wherein A1 represents a hydrogen atom or isopropyl group; each of A2 and A3 independently represents a methyl group when A1 is a hydrogen atom, and represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group when A1 is an isopropyl group; each of B1, B2, and B3 independently represents a hydroxyl group or protected hydroxyl group; and n represents an integer of 0 or 1.
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
which is characterized in that the steroid compound represented by the following formula (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4), (A5), (A6), (A7), or (A8) is induced from a sterol compound represented by the following formula (1):
wherein A1 represents a hydrogen atom or isopropyl group; each of A2 and A3 independently represents a methyl group when A1 is a hydrogen atom, and represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group when A1 is an isopropyl group; each of B1, B2, and B3 independently represents a hydroxyl group or protected hydroxyl group; and n represents an integer of 0 or 1,
wherein A1 represents a hydrogen atom or isopropyl group; each of A2 and A3 independently represents a methyl group when A1 is a hydrogen atom, and represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group when A1 is an isopropyl group; and the bond between CI and CII represents a single bond or double bond.
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
which uses, as a raw material, a sterol compound represented by the following formula (1):
wherein A1 represents a hydrogen atom or isopropyl group; each of A2 and A3 independently represents a methyl group when A1 is a hydrogen atom, and represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group when A1 is an isopropyl group; and the bond between CI and CII represents a single bond or double bond, and
which comprises the following steps:
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
wherein the sterol compound represented by the following formula (1) is cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol, desmosterol, fucosterol, or ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol:
wherein A1 represents a hydrogen atom or isopropyl group; each of A2 and A3 independently represents a methyl group when A1 is a hydrogen atom, and represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group when A1 is an isopropyl group; and the bond between CI and CII represents a single bond or double bond.
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
wherein the sterol compound represented by the following formula (1) is cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol:
wherein A1 represents a hydrogen atom or isopropyl group; each of A2 and A3 independently represents a methyl group when A1 is a hydrogen atom, and represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group when A1 is an isopropyl group; and the bond between CI and CII represents a single bond or double bond.
which is characterized in that cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol represented by the following formula (2) is oxidized so as to obtain cholesta-4,7,24-trien-3-one represented by the following formula (3), and in that the obtained cholesta-4,7,24-trien-3-one is then isomerized:
wherein each of R4 to R8 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a protected hydroxyl group or halogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with a carbonyl group, an ether group, a protected hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group),
wherein each of R4 to R8 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a protected hydroxyl group or halogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with a carbonyl group, an ether group, a protected hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group;
which is characterized in that the above-described oxidation is carried out in the presence of a ketone compound and a metal alkoxide, while oxygen is blocked.
wherein each of R4 to R8 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group or halogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with a carbonyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group,
wherein each of R4 to R8 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group or halogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with a carbonyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group.
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms
which is characterized in that it comprises:
epoxidizing cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one represented by the following formula (4):
so as to obtain 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one represented by the following formula (5):
then hydrogenating the obtained compound, so as to obtain 5β-24,25-epoxycholestan-3-one-7-ol represented by the following formula (6):
then hydrolyzing the obtained compound, so as to obtain 5β-cholestan-3-one-7,24,25-triol represented by the following formula (7):
and then oxidizing the obtained compound, and further esterifying the obtained compound in some cases.
(18) A method for producing 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid represented by the following formula (8) or ester derivatives thereof:
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
which is characterized in that it comprises:
epoxidizing cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one represented by the following formula (4):
so as to obtain 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one represented by the following formula (5):
then hydrolyzing the obtained compound, so as to obtain 6,7-epoxycholest-4-en-3-one-24,25-diol represented by the following formula (9):
then hydrogenating the obtained compound, so as to obtain 5β-cholestan-3-one-7,24,25-triol represented by the following formula (7):
and then oxidizing the obtained compound, and further esterifying the obtained compound in some cases.
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
which is characterized in that it comprises:
epoxidizing cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one represented by the following formula (4):
so as to obtain 24,25-epoxycholesta-4,6-dien-3-one represented by the following formula (10):
then hydrolyzing the obtained compound, so as to obtain cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one-24,25-diol represented by the following formula (11):
then epoxidizing the obtained compound, so as to obtain 6,7-epoxycholest-4-en-3-one-24,25-diol represented by the following formula (9):
then hydrogenating the obtained compound, so as to obtain 5β-cholestan-3-one-7,24,25-triol represented by the following formula (7):
and then oxidizing the obtained compound, and further esterifying the obtained compound in some cases.
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
which is characterized in that it comprises:
epoxidizing cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one represented by the following formula (4):
so as to obtain 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one represented by the following formula (5):
then hydrogenating the obtained compound, so as to obtain 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one-7-ol represented by the following formula (6):
then oxidizing the obtained compound, so as to obtain 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestane-3,7-dione represented by the following formula (12):
then hydrolyzing the obtained compound, so as to obtain 5β-cholestane-3,7-dione-24,25-diol represented by the following formula (13):
and then oxidizing the obtained compound, and further esterifying the obtained compound in some cases.
(21) The method for producing 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof according to any one of (17) to (20) above, which is characterized in that an organic peroxide is used as an epoxidizing agent.
wherein each of A6 and A7 independently represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with halogen, or A6 and A7 may bind to each other, so as to form a cyclic structure containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
so as to obtain 7,24-dihalo-cholest-4-en-3-one-6,25-diol diester represented by the following formula (15):
wherein X represents a halogen atom, and Y represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms that may be substituted with halogen, and then performing the alkaline hydrolysis of the ester and cyclization, so as to obtain 6,7:24,25-diepoxyhcholest-4-en-3-one represented by the following formula (5):
as cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one represented by the following formula (4):
as cholesta-4,7,24-trien-3-one represented by the following formula (3):
wherein R9 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom,
which is characterized in that an epoxy compound represented by the following formula (16) is hydrolyzed using silica gel as a catalyst:
wherein R9 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom.
wherein St represents a steroid skeleton consisting of ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D, and such a steroid skeleton (1) binds to the side chain shown in the formula at position C17, (2) may have a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a keto group, or an epoxy group, on the ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D, (3) wherein a carbon-carbon bond(s) at one or more positions selected from the group consisting of positions C1 to C8 may have a double bond(s), (4) one or more positions selected from the group consisting of positions C4, C10, C13, and C14 may be substituted with a methyl group(s); and R10 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom;
the above-described production method being characterized in that a steroid epoxy compound represented by the following formula (18) is hydrolyzed using silica gel as a catalyst:
wherein St represents a steroid skeleton consisting of ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D, and such a steroid skeleton (1) binds to the side chain shown in the formula at position C17, (2) may have a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a keto group, or an epoxy group, on the ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D, (3) wherein a carbon-carbon bond(s) at one or more positions selected from the group consisting of positions C1 to C8 may have a double bond(s), (4) one or more positions selected from the group consisting of positions C4, C10, C13, and C14 may be substituted with a methyl group(s); and R10 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom.
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
which is characterized in that the 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid represented by the following formula (8) or ester derivatives thereof, produced by the method according to any one of (17) to (20), (26), (35), and (36) above, is reduced, and further reoxidized in some cases:
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
which is characterized in that it comprises:
a step of generating a steroid compound by the fermentation method using carbohydrate as a raw material; and
a step of generating lithocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid (8), ursodeoxycholic acid (21a), chenodeoxycholic acid (21b), 3α-hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid (21c), 7-hydroxy-3-oxo-5β-cholanic acid (21d), or the ester derivatives of these acids, represented by the following formulas (8), (21a), (21b), (21c), or (21d), by an organic synthesis method, using the steroid compound obtained by the above fermentation step as a raw material.
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
which is characterized in that the steroid generated by the fermentation method is any one steroid compound selected from the group consisting of steroid compounds containing 24, 27, 28, and 29 carbon atoms.
The steroid compounds generated by the fermentation method include the followings:
wherein R33 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group;
which is characterized in that it comprises:
allowing the desmosterol to react with a protecting reagent represented by the formula R31X1 wherein R31 represents a protecting group, and X1 represents a leaving group, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (31):
wherein R31 has the same meanings as described above,
then heating the obtained compound in an alcohol solvent represented by the formula R32OH wherein R32 represents an alkyl group that may be substituted, in the presence of a catalyst, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (32):
wherein R32 has the same meanings as described above,
then allowing the obtained compound to react with ozone and then with an oxidizing agent, or inducing the double bond at position 24 of the compound represented by the formula (32) to epoxide, thereby obtaining diol, or directly oxidizing the above compound, thereby obtaining diol,
then cleaving the above-described diol, so as to obtain an aldehyde group, followed by oxidation, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (33):
wherein R32 has the same meanings as described above,
then allowing the obtained compound to react with a methylating reagent, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (34):
wherein Me represents a methyl group, and R32 has the same meanings as described above, and
then heating the obtained compound or the compound represented by the above formula (33) under acidic conditions so as to conduct deprotection reaction.
wherein R33 has the same meanings as described above, and R35 represents a protecting group that is formed as a result of inversion of the stereochemistry of an oxygen functional group at position 3,
which is characterized in that it comprises:
allowing the 3-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid represented by the above formula (35) or a derivative thereof to react with a protecting reagent represented by the formula R34X3 wherein R34 represents a protecting group, and X3 represents a leaving group, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (36):
wherein R33 and R34 have the same meanings as described above,
then subjecting the obtained compound to allylic oxidation, so as to obtain 3β-O-substituted-5-cholen-7-on-24-oic acid represented by the following formula (37) or a derivative thereof:
wherein R33 and R34 have the same meanings as described above,
then deprotecting the obtained compound or a derivative thereof, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (38):
wherein R33 has the same meanings as described above,
then allowing a hydroxyl group at position 3 of the obtained compound to react with a protecting reagent represented by the formula R31X1 wherein R31 and X1 have the same meanings as described above, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (39):
wherein R31 and R33 have the same meanings as described above, and
then inverting the stereochemistry of an oxygen functional group at position 3 of the obtained compound, or when R34 is a sulfate-type protecting group, inverting the stereochemistry of an oxygen functional group at position 3 of the compound represented by the formula (37), without converting the compound represented by the formula (37) to the compound represented by the formula (39).
reducing a carbonyl group at position 7 of the compound represented by the above formula (40), so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (41):
wherein R33 and R35 have the same meanings as described above,
then subjecting the obtained compound to a catalytic hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a catalyst, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (42):
wherein R33 and R35 have the same meanings as described above, and
then hydrolyzing the obtained compound.
reducing the compound represented by the above formula (40) in a stereoselective manner, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (43):
wherein R33 and R35 have the same meanings as described above,
then subjecting the obtained compound to a catalytic hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a catalyst, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (44):
wherein R33 and R35 have the same meanings as described above, and
then hydrolyzing the obtained compound.
allowing a hydroxyl group at position 3 of the 3-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid represented by the above formula (35) or a derivative thereof to react with a protecting reagent represented by the formula R31X1 wherein R31 and X1 have the same meanings as described above, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (45):
wherein R31 and R33 have the same meanings as described above,
then inverting the stereochemistry of an oxygen functional group at position 3 of the obtained compound, or inverting the stereochemistry of an oxygen functional group at position 3 of the compound represented by the above formula (35), so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (46):
wherein R33 and R35 have the same meanings as described above,
then subjecting the obtained compound to a catalytic hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a catalyst, so as to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (47):
wherein R33 and R35 have the same meanings as described above, and
then hydrolyzing the obtained compound.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described more in detail below.
Examples of a steroid compound that can be produced by the fermentation method may include: steroid compounds containing 24 carbon atoms, such as cholic acid; steroid compounds containing 27 carbon atoms, such as cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol or desmosterol; steroid compounds containing 28 carbon atoms, such as ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol, ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol, or ergosterol; and steroid compounds containing 29 carbon atoms, such as fucosterol.
These compounds can be produced by the fermentation method using yeast, and using carbohydrate as a raw material.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,460,949 describes an example of generation of cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol from mutant yeast strains (erg5 and erg6) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using glucose as a raw material.
In addition, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-141125 describes an example of generation of cholesta-5,24-dien-3β-ol (desmosterol) from mutant yeast strains (erg3, erg5, and erg6) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using glucose as a raw material.
Examples of carbohydrate used as a raw material in the fermentation method may include glucose, sucrose, fructose, and the like. Of these, glucose, and sucrose are preferably used.
Examples of microorganisms used in the fermentation method may include yeasts, molds, and bacteria. Examples of such yeasts may include Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the like. Of these, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is preferably used.
Hereafter, the entire scheme of the present invention including reaction steps will be shown below.
Hereafter, the explanation will be given with reference to Compound Nos. (2) to (15) shown in the above scheme.
A raw material used in the production method of the present invention, cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, is a known substance. This compound can be produced, for example, by modifying in a metabolic engineering manner Eumycetes that produce ergosterol via zymosterol, then culturing the thus produced mutant strain, and then collecting cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol from the culture product. For the details of such a production method, reference can be made to the methods described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 5-192184 and 2004-141125.
As is clear from the aforementioned reaction formula, in step 1 of the present invention, oxidation of a hydroxyl group at position 3 of cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol (hereinafter abbreviated as “compound 2” at times) and isomerization of a double bond at position 5 to position 4 are simultaneously carried out. This step has been known as a method of converting ergosterol to ergosteron, and it is called “Oppenauer Oxidation.”
This oxidation reaction is carried out using a metal alkoxide as a catalyst and using a ketone compound as a hydrogen acceptor. Examples of a metal alkoxide may include aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum-t-butoxide, magnesium ethoxide, magnesium propoxide, and titanium propoxide. A preferred example of a ketone compound may be a compound represented by the formula R2(C═O)R3 wherein each of R2 and R3 independently represents a chain or cyclic alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or R2 and R3 may bind to each other, so as to form a cyclic structure containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples of such a ketone compound may include: chain ketones such as acetone, or methyl isobutyl ketone; and cyclic ketones such as cyclohexanone or cyclopentanone. As a particularly preferred catalyst, aluminum isopropoxide is used. As a particularly preferred ketone compound, cyclohexanone or methyl isobutyl ketone is used. Such a catalyst is used at a molar ratio generally between 0.1:1 and 20:1, and preferably between 0.2:1 and 0.5:1, with respect to the “compound 2.” The reaction hardly progresses with no catalysts. On the other hand, if the amount of a catalyst is too large, side reactions frequently occur. Thus, the amount of a catalyst is determined within the aforementioned range. A hydrogen acceptor is used at a molar ratio generally between 1:1 and 50:1, and preferably between 2:1 and 10:1, with respect to the “compound 2.”
The present reaction can be carried out with no solvents. However, a solvent may also be used. Examples of a solvent used herein may include: aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene; halogen solvents such as dichloromethane; ethers such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; and aprotic polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide. Aprotic solvents are preferably used, and toluene or heptane is more preferably used. The reaction temperature is set generally between 90° C. and 130° C., and preferably between 100° C. and 120° C. The reaction time is approximately between 1 and 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature, and water is then added thereto, so as to inactivate the catalyst. The deposited precipitate is filtrated, and the filtrate is then concentrated, so as to obtain a product of interest, cholesta-4,7,24-trien-3-one (compound 3). The compound 3 can be isolated and purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or crystallization.
In addition, from the viewpoint of the stability of a product, the present reaction is preferably carried out while oxygen is blocked. For example, a solvent or a ketone compound has previously been subjected to a deoxygenation treatment, and the reaction is then carried out in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere. Specifically, a method of deaerating a solvent and a ketone compound under a reduced pressure for nitrogen substitution, or a method of heating to reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere for nitrogen substitution, is applied, and thereafter, the reaction is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
The isomerization reaction of the present invention can also be applied to relative compounds of the compound 2, that are, 3-hydroxy-5,7-diene steroid compounds represented by the following formulas (2a), (2b), (2c), (2d), and (2e):
wherein each of R4 to R8 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a protected hydroxyl group or halogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with a carbonyl group, an ether group, a protected hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group.
That is to say, these 3-hydroxy-5,7-diene steroid compounds are allowed to react in the presence of a ketone compound and a metal alkoxide, while oxygen is blocked, so that they are oxidized to compounds represented by the following formulas (3a), (3b), (3c), (3d), and (3e), respectively, at high yields:
wherein each of R4 to R8 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a protected hydroxyl group or halogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with a carbonyl group, an ether group, a protected hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group.
Specific examples of the aforementioned compound (2a) may include cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol and ergosterol.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 2 of the present invention involves a reaction of isomerizing a double bond at position 7 of cholesta-4,7,24-trien-3-one (hereinafter abbreviated as “compound 3” at times) to position 6.
The isomerization reaction is carried out using a basic compound as a catalyst. Examples of such a basic compound may include alkaline metal hydroxide, alkaline-earth metal hydroxide, alkaline metal carbonate, alkaline-earth metal carbonate, alkaline metal hydrogencarbonate, alkaline metal acetate, alkaline-earth metal acetate, alkaline metal alkoxide, and alkaline-earth metal alkoxide. Of these, alkaline metal hydroxide is preferably used, and potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are more preferably used. Such a basic compound is used at a molar ratio generally between 1:1 and 20:1, and preferably between 2:1 and 10:1, with respect to the “compound 3.”
The type of a reaction solvent used herein is not particularly limited. Examples of a reaction solvent may include: aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene; halogen solvents such as dichloromethane; ethers such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; alcohols such as methanol or ethanol; and aprotic polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide. Preferably, methanol is used. The reaction is carried out generally between 40° C. and 80° C., and preferably between 50° C. and 70° C., for approximately 5 to 10 hours. After completion of the reaction for a certain period of time, acid is added to the reaction solution to neutralize the base used as a catalyst, and the reaction is terminated. The type of acid used herein is not particularly limited. Examples of acid used herein may include: mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid; organic carboxylic acids such as formic acid or acetic acid; and organic sulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid. After completion of neutralization, the solvent is distilled away under a reduced pressure, so as to obtain a product of interest, cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one (hereinafter abbreviated as “compound 4” at times). According to circumstances, water may be added to the reaction solution obtained after the neutralization treatment, so as to crystallize compound 4. Otherwise, an organic solvent may be added thereto for extraction, and the organic solvent layer may be washed with water, dried, and concentrated, followed by isolation and purification by silica gel column chromatography or other methods.
In addition, from the viewpoint of the stability of a substrate, the present reaction is preferably carried out while oxygen is blocked. For example, a solvent has previously been subjected to a deoxygenation treatment, and the reaction is then carried out in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere. Specifically, a method of deaerating a solvent under a reduced pressure for nitrogen substitution, or a method of heating to reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere for nitrogen substitution, is first applied, and thereafter, the reaction is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
The isomerization reaction of the present invention can also be applied to relative compounds of the compound 3, that are, 3-oxo-4,7-diene steroid compounds represented by the following formulas (3a), (3b), (3c), (3d), and (3e):
wherein each of R4 to R8 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group or halogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with a carbonyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group.
That is to say, these 3-oxo-4,7-diene steroid compounds can be isomerized to 3-oxo-4,6-diene steroid compounds represented by the following formulas (4a), (4b), (4c), (4d), and (4e), respectively, using a base as a catalyst:
wherein each of R4 to R8 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group or halogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with a carbonyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group.
An example of the aforementioned protected hydroxyl group may be a hydroxyl group protected with an ether-type protecting group.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 3 of the present invention involves a reaction of epoxidizing double bonds at positions 6 and 24 of cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one (hereinafter abbreviated as “compound 4” at times). As an epoxidizing agent, an organic peroxide is generally used.
Examples of an organic peroxide used herein may include: percarboxylic acid represented by the formula A4CO3H wherein A4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a halogen atom, or an aryl group that may have a substituent; periminocarboxylic acid represented by the formula A5(C═NH)OOH wherein A5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a halogen atom, or an aryl group that may have a substituent; and a dioxirane derivative represented by the following formula (14):
wherein each of A6 and A7 independently represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with halogen, or A6 and A7 may bind to each other, so as to form a cyclic structure containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples of percarboxylic acid may include performic acid, peracetic acid, perpropionic acid, perbenzoic acid, 2-methylperbenzoic acid, and monoperphthalic acid. A specific example of periminocarboxylic acid may be CH3C(═NH)OOH (peroxyacetimidic acid). Specific examples of a dioxirane derivative may include dimethyldioxirane (acetone peroxide) and methyl ethyl dioxirane (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide).
From the viewpoint of reaction selectivity, perbenzoic acid and 2-methylperbenzoic acid are particularly preferably used.
Such an organic peroxide is used at a molar ratio generally between 2:1 and 10:1, and preferably between 2:1 and 3:1, with respect to the “compound 4.” The temperature applied for epoxidation is set generally between 0° C. and 100° C., and preferably between 40° C. and 90° C.
The type of a reaction solvent used herein is not particularly limited. Examples of a reaction solvent may include: aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene; halogen solvents such as dichloromethane; ethers such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; esters such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate; nitriles such as acetonitrile; alcohols such as methanol or ethanol; aprotic polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide; and water. Of these, esters are preferably used. When percarboxylic acid is used as an oxidizing agent, reaction selectivity is significantly improved by adding water, or by maintaining the concentration of peracid and that of carboxylic acid at low in a reaction solution.
The obtained 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one (compound 5) can be isolated and purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or crystallization.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 3B of the present invention involves a reaction of epoxidizing a double bond at position 24 of cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one (compound 4).
In the epoxidation reaction of step 3A, the double bond at position 24 is preferentially epoxidized, and the double bond at position 6 is then epoxidized. Thus, if the amount of an epoxidizing agent used is small, or if the reaction temperature is low, only the double bond at position 24 shown in the formula (4) is epoxidized, so as to obtain a monoepoxy compound (10). Accordingly, it may be adequate that an epoxidizing agent be used at a molar ratio of 1:1 with respect to the “compound 4,” and that the reaction be carried out around room temperature for 1 to 3 hours. Other reaction conditions are the same as those in step 3A.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 3C of the present invention involves a reaction of epoxidizing a double bond at position 6 of cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one-24,25-diol (compound 11).
The present reaction is the same as that in the aforementioned step 3A in that it is a reaction of epoxidizing a double bond at position 6 of a 3-keto-4,6-diene steroid compound. Accordingly, the same oxidizing agent and solvent as those in the case of step 3A can be used. Reaction conditions are also the same as those in step 3A. An epoxidizing agent is preferably used at a molar ratio between 1:1 and 2:1 with respect to the “compound 11.”
wherein X represents a halogen atom; and Y represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms that may be substituted with halogen.
As shown in the above formula, as an alternative method of obtaining the aforementioned diepoxy compound (5), it is also possible to apply a method involving the combination of the hydrolysis of an ester with cyclization to an epoxide, wherein the reaction is performed via a haloester.
For such halo-esterification, organic carboxylic acid and a halocation generator represented by the formula Z—X wherein X represents a halogen atom, and Z represents succinimide, phthalimide, acetamide, hydantoin, or a t-butoxy group are used. Preferably, formic acid is used as organic carboxylic acid, and t-butyl hypochloride is used as a halocation generator.
Such organic carboxylic acid is used at a molar ratio generally between 2:1 and 50:1, and preferably between 2:1 and 10:1, with respect to the “compound 4.” Such a halocation generator is used at a molar ratio generally between 2:1 and 10:1, and preferably between 2:1 and 5:1, with respect to the “compound 4.”
The reaction temperature is generally between 0° C. and 50° C., and preferably between 0° C. and 30° C. Examples of a reaction solvent used herein may include: aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene; halogen solvents such as dichloromethane; ethers such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; esters such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate; nitriles such as acetonitrile; ketones such as acetone; and organic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid or formic acid.
Moreover, for the hydrolysis of an ester in the obtained haloester and the cyclization to an epoxy group, a base is used. Examples of a base used herein may include hydroxide, carbonate and alkoxide of an alkaline metal or alkaline-earth metal. Such a base is used at a molar ratio generally between 2:1 and 50:1, and preferably between 4:1 and 10:1, with respect to the “compound 15.” The reaction temperature is generally between 0° C. and 50° C., and preferably between 0° C. and 30° C. The type of a reaction solvent used herein is not particularly limited. Preferred examples of a reaction solvent may include: alcohols such as methanol or ethanol; ketones such as acetone; nitriles such as acetonitrile; and water.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 4A of the present invention involves the hydrogenation (reduction) of a double bond at position 4 of 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one (compound 5) and the reductive cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond at position 6. Hydrogenation is carried out using hydrogen in the presence of a noble metal catalyst such as palladium, platinum, or ruthenium. Examples of a palladium catalyst used herein may include powder palladium, activated carbon-supporting palladium, aluminum oxide-supporting palladium, barium carbonate-supporting palladium, barium sulfate-supporting palladium, and calcium carbonate-supporting palladium, each of which contains 0.5% to 50% by weight of palladium. A noble metal catalyst is used at a molar ratio generally between 0.005:1 and 0.5:1 with respect to the “compound 5.” A hydrogen pressure is not particularly limited. The reaction is generally carried out under a pressure of 1 MPa or less. Examples of a solvent used herein may include alcohols, ethers, esters, and aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, but examples are not limited thereto. From the viewpoint of selectivity, it is preferable that a base be allowed to coexist in the present reaction. Preferred examples of a base used herein may include pyridine and amines such as triethylamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, or diisopropylamine. Such a base is used at a molar ratio generally between 0.1:1 and 100:1 with respect to the “compound 5.” The reaction temperature is generally between 0° C. and 50° C., and preferably between 0° C. and 20° C.
After filtration of the catalyst, the obtained 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one-7-ol (compound 6) can be isolated and purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or crystallization.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 5A of the present invention involves the hydrolysis of 24,25-epoxy group of 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one-7-ol (compound 6) to 24,25-vicinal diol.
The hydrolysis reaction is carried out by allowing water to react with the compound in the presence of a catalyst. Examples of a catalyst used herein may include proton acid and silica gel. Examples of such proton acid may include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, organic carboxylic acids, and organic sulfonic acids. The reaction temperature is generally between 10° C. and 60° C., and particularly preferably room temperature. The reaction mixture is stirred at the aforementioned temperature for approximately 1 to 4 hours, and if necessary alkaline neutralization is carried out, so as to separate a product of interest.
The type of a reaction solvent is not particularly limited. Esters, ethers, nitriles, and other solvents can be used. Preferred examples of a solvent used may include ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile. When proton acid is used as a catalyst, the catalyst is used at a molar ratio between approximately 0.01:1 and 2:1 with respect to the “compound 6.” It is also possible to obtain compound 7, wherein epoxy groups at positions 24 and 25 of compound 6 are hydrolyzed, by supplying an organic solvent solution of compound 6 to gel-state silica, so as to allow the compound 6 to adsorb on it, and then by supplying the organic solvent again.
The obtained 5β-cholestan-3-one-7,24,25-triol (compound 7) can be isolated and purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or crystallization.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 5B of the present invention involves the hydrolysis of 24,25-epoxy group of 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one (compound 5) to 24,25-vicinal diol.
The present reaction is the same as that in the aforementioned step 5A in that it is the hydrolysis reaction of side chain epoxy group of a steroid compound. Accordingly, the same catalyst and solvent as those in the case of step 5A can be used, and reaction conditions are also the same.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 5C of the present invention involves the hydrolysis of 24,25-epoxy group of 24,25-epoxycholesta-4,6-dien-3-one (compound 10) to 24,25-vicinal diol.
The present reaction is the same as that in the aforementioned step 5A in that it is the hydrolysis reaction of side chain epoxy group of a steroid compound. Accordingly, the same catalyst and solvent as those in the case of step 5A can be used, and reaction conditions are also the same.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 5D of the present invention involves the hydrolysis of 24,25-epoxy groups of 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestane-3,7-dione (compound 12) to 24,25-vicinal diol.
The present reaction is the same as that in the aforementioned step 5A in that it is the hydrolysis reaction of side chain epoxy group of a steroid compound. Accordingly, the same catalyst and solvent as those in the case of step 5A can be used, and reaction conditions are also the same.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 4B of the present invention involves the hydrogenation (reduction) of a double bond at position 4 of 6,7-epoxycholest-4-en-3-one-24,25-diol (compound 9) and the reductive cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond at position 6 thereof.
The present reaction is the same as that in the aforementioned step 4A in that it is the hydrogenation reaction of 6,7-epoxy group of steroid ring B. Accordingly, the same noble metal catalyst, base, and solvent as those in the case of step 4A can be used, and reaction conditions are also the same.
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 6A of the present invention involves the oxidative cleavage of a 24,25-diol portion of 5β-cholestan-3-one-7,24,25-triol and oxidation of a hydroxyl group at position 7, and the esterification reaction if necessary.
Examples of an oxidizing agent used herein may include oxo-halogen acids or salts thereof, molecular halogen, permanganic acids, dichromic acids, and chromic acids. Examples of such oxo-halogen acids may include hypohalogenous acid, halogenous acid, halogenic acid and perhalogenic acid of chlorine, bromine and iodine. Examples of salts of such oxo-halogen acids may include; salts of alkaline metal such as lithium, potassium or sodium; and salts of alkaline-earth metal such as calcium or magnesium. Preferably, hypohalogenous acid or a salt thereof is used. More preferably, calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite is used. In addition, examples of an oxidizing agent used herein may include molecular halogen such as chlorine gas or bromine gas. In some cases, oxo-halogen acids or salts thereof can be used with the combination of molecular halogen. As permanganic acids, potassium permanganate is used. As dichromic acids, dichromic acid or a pyridine salt thereof is used. As chromic acids, chromic acid or a pyridine salt thereof is used.
This oxidation reaction can be carried out, using an oxidizing agent at a molar ratio between 3:1 and 20:1, and preferably between 3:1 and 6:1, with respect to the “compound 7,” in the presence of a solvent such as ketones, esters, nitriles, ethers, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, at a temperature between 0° C. and 100° C., and preferably between 0° C. and 30° C.
5β-3,7-dioxocholanic acid (compound 8 wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom) obtained by the present oxidation method can be isolated and purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or crystallization.
Moreover, carboxylic acid at position 24 is then esterified by a known method, so as to induce the above carboxylic acid to an ester derivative thereof (compound 8 wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms), and it can be then isolated and purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or crystallization, as described above. Examples of alcohol used for esterification may include linear, branched, and cyclic alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, t-butanol, or cyclohexanol. Of these, methanol is preferable. The reaction can easily be carried out by heating in alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Otherwise, the compound may also be esterified in an organic solvent other than alcohol, using dialkyl sulfate and a base (for example, potassium carbonate).
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 6B of the present invention involves oxidation of a hydroxyl group at position 7 of 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one-7-ol (compound 6) to ketone.
The present reaction is the same as that in the aforementioned step 6A in that it is a reaction of oxidizing a hydroxyl group at position 7 of a steroid compound to ketone. Accordingly, the same oxidizing agent and solvent as those in the case of step 6A can be used, and reaction conditions are also the same. The necessary amount of an oxidizing agent is at a molar equivalence ratio between 1:1 and 5:1, and preferably between 1:1 and 2:1, with respect to the “compound 6.”
As is clear from the above reaction formula, step 6C of the present invention involves the oxidative cleavage of a 24,25-diol portion of 5β-cholestane-3,7-dione-24,25-diol (compound 13).
The present reaction is the same as that in the aforementioned step 6A in that it is an oxidative cleavage reaction of a 24,25-diol portion of a steroid compound. Accordingly, the same oxidizing agent and solvent as those in the case of step 6A can be used, and reaction conditions are also the same. The necessary amount of an oxidizing agent is at a molar equivalence ratio between 3:1 and 10:1, and preferably between 2:1 and 3:1, with respect to the “compound 13.”
The method for producing 5β-3,7-dioxocholanic acid or a ester derivatives thereof of the present invention is as described above.
First, a method for producing a compound represented by formula (35) from desmosterol will be described in detail, with reference to Scheme I.
In order to protect a double bond at position 5 of desmosterol in the form of an isoform, a hydroxyl group at position 3 should be converted to a functional group having high leaving ability. Thus, a protecting reagent represented by R21X1 (wherein R21 represents a protecting group, and X1 represents a leaving group) is allowed to act on it, so as to substitute it with a protecting group.
Preferred examples of the protecting group (R21) used herein may include p-toluenesulfonyl, methanesulfonyl, benzenesulfonyl, phenylmethanesulfonyl, and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl. Preferred examples of the leaving group (X1) used herein may include chloride and fluoride. Preferred examples of the protecting reagent (R21X1) may include tosyl chloride and mesyl chloride. Therewith, the hydroxyl group at position 3 is converted to a tosyl group or mesyl group. Pyridine is preferably used as a solvent. The reaction temperature is preferably between 0° C. and room temperature.
The obtained compound (31) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization. Otherwise, it may also be subjected to the following isomerization step without being purified.
Subsequently, a reaction of protecting a double bond at position of the compound obtained in the above step 1 in the form of an isoform is carried out.
The compound is heated to reflux in an alcohol solvent represented by the formula R22OH (wherein R22 represents an alkyl group that may be substituted) in the presence of a catalyst. Preferred examples of the alkyl group represented by R22 that may be substituted may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a benzyl group. More preferred examples may include a methyl group and an ethyl group. Preferred examples of an alcohol solvent may include methanol and ethanol.
As a catalyst, an acidic or basic catalyst is preferable. Examples of such a catalyst may include potassium acetate, potassium bicarbonate, and acetic acid. Of these, potassium acetate is preferably used. The reaction temperature is determined depending on the type of a solvent used. When methanol is used as a solvent, the reaction temperature is preferably between 75° C. and 85° C.
The obtained compound (32) can be purified by means such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization.
In this step D3, the compound (32) obtained in step D2 is subjected to ozonolysis and is then allowed to react with an oxidizing agent. Otherwise, a double bond is induced to epoxide and is then converted to diol, or it is directly oxidized, so as to induce to diol, and it is further oxidized, so as to convert it to a corresponding carboxylic acid compound (33).
Ozonolysis is carried out by a known method, namely, by a method of supplying ozone to the compound (32). Such an ozonolysis step is carried out in an organic solvent, such as hydrocarbons (pentane, hexane, or benzene), a halogen solvent, ethyl acetate, or acetone. Preferred examples of an oxidizing agent used herein may include Jones reagent, performic acid, and periodic acid. Of these, Jones reagent is most preferable. Such ozone supply is carried out at a temperature preferably between −78° C. and 0° C., and most preferably at −78° C. The treatment with an oxidizing agent is carried out preferably between 0° C. and 25° C., and most preferably at 0° C.
Moreover, after the supply of ozone, a treatment with a reducing agent such as sodium boron hydride, zinc, or dimethyl sulfide is carried out, so as to induce it to alcohol or aldehyde. Thereafter, an oxidizing agent such as Jones reagent or chlorous acid is allowed to act on such alcohol or aldehyde, so as to obtain carboxylic acid.
Furthermore, the compound (32) can also be obtained by a method comprising: inducing a double bond at position 24 to epoxide, so as to obtain diol under acidic conditions, or directly oxidizing it, so as to induce it to diol; obtaining aldehyde by a reaction of cleaving the diol, so as to obtain aldehyde; and finally oxidizing it to synthesize carboxylic acid (33). For example, there is a method comprising: after epoxidation using m-chloroperbenzoic acid or performic acid, allowing perchloric acid to react with it, so as to obtain diol, or allowing osmium tetraoxide or potassium permanganate to react with it, so as to obtain diol; cleaving diol with sodium periodate, so as to obtain aldehyde; and oxidizing it, so as to generate carboxylic acid.
The obtained compound (33) can be purified by means such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization.
In this step D4, a methylating reagent represented by the formula R41X2 (wherein R41 represents a protecting group, and X2 represents a leaving group) is allowed to act on the compound (33) obtained in step D3, so that a carboxyl group is methylesterified. Preferred examples of the protecting group (R41) may include trimethylsilylmethane and methyl. As a preferred leaving group (X2), an azo group is used. Preferred examples of the methylating reagent (R41X2) may include diazomethane and trimethylsilyldiazomethane.
For the reaction of methylesterifying a carboxyl group of the obtained compound represented by formula (33), diazomethane or trimethylsilyldiazomethane, which is prepared from potassium hydroxide and N-methyl-N-nitroso-4-toluene sulfonamide, is used. As a solvent, a mixed solvent consisting of benzene or a halogen solvent and methanol is used. The reaction is carried out at room temperature.
The obtained compound (34) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following deisomerization step without being purified.
The present reaction step (methylesterification of a carboxyl group) can be omitted as necessary. Also, the order of the steps may be changed as appropriate, so that these steps can be carried out after step D5.
Conversion of the compound (34) obtained in step D4 to a 3-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid ester derivative of the compound (35) can be carried out by adding p-toluenesulfonic acid thereto and heating it to reflux in a mixed solvent consisting of dioxane and water. In addition, it may also be adequate to use hydrochloric acid or trifluoroacetic acid as a catalyst. The reaction temperature is preferably between 110° C. and 120° C.
Conversion of the compound (33) obtained in step D3 to a 3-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid derivative of the compound (35) can be carried out in the same manner as described above, by adding p-toluenesulfonic acid thereto and heating it to reflux in a mixed solvent consisting of dioxane and water.
The obtained compound (35) can be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization.
An example of synthesizing compound (40) from the compound (35) will be described in detail, with reference to Scheme II.
In this step D6, a hydroxyl group at position 3 of the compound (35) obtained in step D5 is protected. That is to say, a protecting reagent represented by the formula R24X3 (wherein R24 represents a protecting group, and X3 represents a leaving group) is allowed to act on the compound (35), so as to substitute it with a protecting group. Preferred examples of the protecting group (R24) used herein may include: ester-type protecting groups including acetyl as a typical example; sulfuric ester-type protecting groups such as tosyl; and silyl ether-type protecting groups such as tert-butyldimethylsilyl. Preferred examples of the leaving group (X3) used herein may include chloride and triflate. In addition to these groups, available protecting groups and leaving groups are not particularly limited. Those that can be used under reaction conditions applied to the method of the present invention and can be introduced into the above compound by a known method are all included. The details of such reaction conditions are described in PROTECTIVE GROUPS in ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, Green Wuts, WILEY-INTERSCIENCE, Third edition. As a reaction solvent, pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide, or the like, is preferably used. The reaction temperature is preferably between 0° C. and room temperature.
The obtained compound (36) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization. Otherwise, it may also be subjected to the following allylic oxidation step without being purified.
In this step D7, the compound (36) obtained in step D6 is subjected to allylic oxidation, so that the above compound is converted to compound (37). This allylic oxidation is carried out by adding tert-butyl hydroperoxide to the compound (36), using, as a catalyst, ruthenium chloride, copper iodide, cobalt acetate, chromium oxide, a chromium-carbonyl complex, or the like. In addition, oxidation may also be carried out using chromium trioxide, Collins reagent prepared from chromium trioxide and pyridine, sodium periodate, or the like, at a stoichiometric amount. As a solvent, benzene, acetonitrile, acetone, methylene chloride, or the like is used. The reaction is carried out at room temperature.
The obtained compound (37) can be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization.
Ursodeoxychloric acid has a 3,7-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid structure, and a hydroxyl group at position 3 thereof has stereochemistry α, position 5 thereof has stereochemistry β, and a hydroxyl group at position 7 thereof has stereochemistry β. The stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group at position 3 of compound (37) obtained by the present invention is inverted, and a double bond at position 5 and a carbonyl group at position 7 are reduced in a stereoselective manner, so as to easily synthesize ursodeoxycholic acid.
In this step D8, a protecting group for the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the compound (37) is deprotected. Such deprotection is carried out under reaction conditions that depend on the type of a protecting group (for example, under reaction conditions described in PROTECTIVE GROUPS in ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, Green Wuts, WILEY-INTERSCIENCE, Third edition). For example, an ester-type protecting group such as an acetyl group is deprotected by alkaline hydrolysis. A silyl ether-type protecting group such as tert-butyldimethylsilyl group is deprotected by allowing tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride to act thereon, or by acid hydrolysis.
In addition, when a protecting group for the compound (37) is a sulfate-type protecting group such as a tosyl group, steps D8 and D9 may be omitted.
The obtained compound (38) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following step without being purified.
In this step D9, a protecting reagent represented by the formula R21X1 (wherein R21 and X1 have the same meanings as described above) is allowed to act on the compound (38), so as to substitute it with a protecting group. Preferred examples of the protecting group (R21) used herein may include p-toluenesulfonyl, methanesulfonyl, benzenesulfonyl, phenylmethanesulfonyl, and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl. Preferred examples of the leaving group (X1) used herein may include chloride and fluoride. Preferred examples of the protecting reagent used herein may include tosyl chloride and mesyl chloride. Therewith, the hydroxyl group at position 3 is converted to a tosyl group or mesyl group. Pyridine is preferably used as a solvent. The reaction temperature is preferably between 0° C. and room temperature.
The obtained compound (39) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following step without being purified.
In this step D10, the stereochemistry of an oxygen functional group at position 3 of the compound (39) is inverted, so as to obtain compound (40) (wherein, in the formula, R25 represents a protecting group that is formed as a result of inversion of the stereochemistry of the oxygen functional group at position 3).
The stereochemistry of the oxygen functional group at position 3 is inverted by allowing 18-crown ether-6 and cesium acetate to act on the compound (39) in the coexistence of saturated sodium bicarbonate, for example, and then by heating it to reflux. As a reaction solvent, a mixed solvent consisting of benzene and water is used, for example. The reaction temperature is preferably between 90° C. and 100° C. When cesium acetate is allowed to act on the above compound, R25 is an acetyl group.
In addition, diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine are allowed to react with the compound (38), and benzoic acid or formic acid is then allowed to act on the resultant, so as to obtain compound (40), the stereochemistry of which is inverted. Examples of a reaction solvent used herein may include benzene, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene. The reaction temperature is preferably between room temperature and 80° C. When benzoic acid is allowed to react with the above compound, R25 is a benzoyl group. When formic acid is allowed to react therewith, R25 is a formyl group.
The obtained compound (40) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following step without being purified.
An example of synthesizing ursodeoxycholic acid from the compound (40) will be described in detail, with reference to Scheme III.
In this step (D11), a carbonyl group at position 7 of the compound (40) is reduced in a stereoselective manner, so as to obtain compound (41). Such stereoselective reduction is carried out, for example, by allowing sodium boron hydride to act on the above carbonyl group in the coexistence of cerium chloride. As a reaction solvent, tetrahydrofuran is used, for example. The reaction temperature is generally between 0° C. and room temperature.
The obtained compound (41) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following step without being purified.
In this step, a double bond at position 5 of the compound (41) is reduced in a stereoselective manner, so as to obtain compound (42). Such stereoselective reduction is carried out, for example, by catalytic hydrogenation using a palladium-carbon catalyst. As a reaction solvent, methylene chloride is used, for example. The reaction temperature is generally room temperature.
The obtained compound (42) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following step without being purified.
In this step D13, the compound (42) is hydrolyzed, so as to synthesize ursodeoxycholic acid. Such hydrolysis is preferably carried out in the presence of a basic catalyst. Examples of a basic catalyst used herein may include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. As a reaction solvent, a mixed solvent consisting of tetrahydrofuran and water is used. The reaction temperature is generally between room temperature and 70° C.
The obtained ursodeoxycholic acid can be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization.
Chenodeoxycholic acid having the same skeleton and the same functional group as those of ursodeoxycholic acid has a hydroxyl group at position 7 that is stereochemistry α. A carbonyl group at position 7 is reduced based on stereoselectivity that differs from that in the case of synthesizing ursodeoxycholic acid, so as to construct a hydroxyl group whose stereochemistry is α.
A method for synthesizing chenodeoxycholic acid from the compound (40) will be described in detail, with reference to Scheme IV.
In this step D14, a carbonyl group at position 7 of the compound (40) is reduced in a stereoselective manner, so as to obtain compound (43) having an a hydroxyl group. Such stereoselective reduction is carried out by allowing L-selectride or the like to act on the compound (40). As a solvent, tetrahydrofuran is used, for example. The reaction temperature is generally between 0° C. and room temperature.
The obtained compound (43) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following step without being purified.
In this step D15, a double bond at position 5 of the compound (43) is reduced in a stereoselective manner, so as to obtain compound (44). Such stereoselective reduction is carried out, for example, by catalytic hydrogenation using a palladium-carbon catalyst. As a reaction solvent, methylene chloride is used, for example. The reaction temperature is generally room temperature.
The obtained compound (44) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following step without being purified.
In this step D16, the compound (44) is hydrolyzed, so as to synthesize chenodeoxycholic acid. Such hydrolysis is preferably carried out in the presence of a basic catalyst. Examples of a basic catalyst used herein may include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. As a reaction solvent, a mixed solvent consisting of tetrahydrofuran and water is used, for example. The reaction temperature is generally between room temperature and 70° C.
The obtained chenodeoxycholic acid can be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization. Otherwise, it may be subjected to the following step without being purified.
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid can be induced by allowing a condensing agent to act on chenodeoxycholic acid and then allowing glycine or taurine to react with the resultant.
In this step D17, a condensing agent is allowed to act on chenodeoxycholic acid, and glycine is then added thereto, so as to obtain glycochenodeoxycholic acid. As such a condensing agent, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is used, for example. As a reaction solvent, N,N-dimethylformamide is used, for example. The reaction temperature is generally room temperature.
The obtained glycochenodeoxycholic acid can be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization.
Method for producing taurochenodeoxycholic acid (Step D18):
In this step D18, a condensing agent is allowed to act on chenodeoxycholic acid, and taurine is then added thereto, so as to obtain taurochenodeoxycholic acid. As such a condensing agent, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is used, for example. As a reaction solvent, N,N-dimethylformamide is used, for example. The reaction temperature is generally room temperature.
The obtained taurochenodeoxycholic acid can be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization.
Moreover, when the stereochemistry of a hydroxyl group at position 3 of the compound (35) of the present invention is isomerized from β to α and a double bond at position 5 thereof is reduced in a stereoselective manner, this compound can also be applied to the synthesis of lithocholic acid, which is anticipated as a raw material for liquid crystal.
A method for synthesizing lithocholic acid from the compound (5) will be described in detail, with reference to Scheme IV.
In this step D19, a protecting reagent represented by the formula R21X1 (wherein R21 and X1 have the same meanings as described above) is allowed to act on the compound (35), so as to substitute it with a protecting group. Preferred examples of the protecting group (R21) used herein may include p-toluenesulfonyl, methanesulfonyl, benzenesulfonyl, phenylmethanesulfonyl, and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl. Preferred examples of the leaving group (X1) used herein may include chloride and fluoride. Preferred examples of the protecting reagent (R21X1) used herein may include tosyl chloride and mesyl chloride. Therewith, the hydroxyl group at position 3 is converted to a tosyl group or mesyl group. Pyridine is preferably used as a solvent. The reaction temperature is preferably between 0° C. and room temperature.
The obtained compound (45) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following step without being purified.
In this step D20, the stereochemistry of an oxygen functional group at position 3 of the compound (45) is inverted, so as to obtain compound (46) (wherein, in the formula, R25 has the same meanings as described above).
The stereochemistry of the oxygen functional group at position 3 is inverted by allowing 18-crown ether-6 and cesium acetate to act on the compound (45) in the coexistence of saturated sodium bicarbonate, for example, and then by heating it to reflux. As a reaction solvent, a mixed solvent consisting of benzene and water is used, for example. The reaction temperature is preferably between 90° C. and 100° C. When cesium acetate is allowed to act on the above compound, R25 is an acetyl group.
In addition, diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine are allowed to react with the compound (45), and benzoic acid or formic acid is then allowed to act on the resultant, so as to obtain compound (46). Examples of a reaction solvent used herein may include benzene, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene. The reaction temperature is preferably between room temperature and 80° C. When benzoic acid is allowed to react with the above compound, R25 is a benzoyl group. When formic acid is allowed to react therewith, R25 is a formyl group.
The obtained compound (46) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following step without being purified.
In this step D21, a double bond at position 5 of the compound (46) is reduced, so as to obtain compound (47). As a reaction solvent, methylene chloride is used, for example. The reaction temperature is generally room temperature. Such reduction is carried out, for example, by catalytic hydrogenation using a palladium-carbon catalyst.
The obtained compound (46) may be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization, or it may also be subjected to the following step without being purified.
In this step D22, the compound (47) is hydrolyzed, so as to synthesize lithocholic acid. Such hydrolysis is preferably carried out in the presence of a basic catalyst. Examples of a basic catalyst used herein may include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. As a reaction solvent, a mixed solvent consisting of tetrahydrofuran and water is used. The reaction temperature is generally between room temperature and 70° C.
The obtained lithocholic acid can be purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization.
For example, in accordance with the method described in Nihon Kagaku Zasshi, 1955, vol. 76, p. 297, hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 7 of cholic acid methyl ester are protected with acetyl groups, and a hydroxyl group at position 12 thereof is oxidized, so as to obtain ketone. It is then reduced with hydrazine, so as to obtain chenodeoxycholic acid (21b). Thereafter, only a hydroxyl group at position 7 is oxidized, so as to obtain 3α-hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid (21c). Finally, the compound is subjected to metal reduction, so as to obtain ursodeoxycholic acid (21a).
The hydrolysis reaction of epoxides of the present invention is extremely useful for conversion of the compound 6 to the compound 7 described in the aforementioned Step 5A, conversion of the compound 5 to the compound 9 described in the aforementioned Step 5B, conversion of the compound 10 to the compound 11 described in the aforementioned Step 5C, and conversion of the compound 12 to the compound 13 described in the aforementioned Step 5D. Furthermore, the above hydrolysis reaction can also be applied to an epoxy compound represented by the following formula (16):
(wherein R9 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom). In addition, the hydrolysis reaction can also be applied to a steroid epoxy compound represented by the following formula (18):
(wherein St represents a steroid skeleton consisting of ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D, and such a steroid skeleton (1) binds to the side chain shown in the formula at position C17, (2) may have a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a keto group, or an epoxy group, on the ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D, (3) wherein a carbon-carbon bond(s) at one or more positions selected from the group consisting of positions C1 to C8 may have a double bond(s), (4) one or more positions selected from the group consisting of positions C4, C10, C13, and C14 may be substituted with a methyl group(s); and R10 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom).
That is to say, the aforementioned epoxy compound can be converted to a vicinal diol compound represented by the following formula (17):
(wherein R9 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom). In addition, the aforementioned steroid epoxy compound can be converted to a vicinal diol compound represented by the following formula (19):
(wherein St represents a steroid skeleton consisting of ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D, and such a steroid skeleton (1) binds to the side chain shown in the formula at position C17, (2) may have a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a keto group, or an epoxy group, on the ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D, (3) wherein a carbon-carbon bond(s) at one or more positions selected from the group consisting of positions C1 to C8 may have a double bond(s), (4) one or more positions selected from the group consisting of positions C4, C10, C13, and C14 may be substituted with a methyl group(s); and R10 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom).
An example of the aforementioned epoxy compound represented by the formula (16) may be an epoxy compound derived from citronellol. Examples of the aforementioned steroid epoxy compound represented by the formula (18) may include 24,25-epoxycholesta-4,6-dien-3-one and 24,25-epoxycholest-4-en-3-one. The method of the present invention is applied to these epoxy compounds, so that vicinal diol can also be advantageously produced.
3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof (compound 8) obtained by the method of the present invention is an intermediate of steroid medicaments. When the compound 8 is reduced by a known method, it can be converted to ursodeoxycholic acid (21a), chenodeoxycholic acid (21b), 3α-hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid (21c), 7-hydroxy-3-oxo-5β-cholanic acid (21d), or the ester derivatives of these acids, represented by the following formula (21a), (21b), (21c), or (21d):
(wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
Examples of a reduction method may include: a method of allowing the compound to react with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel (in particular, Raney nickel), cobalt, or copper-chromium, preferably in the coexistence of alkali such as sodium hydroxide, using, as a solvent, water, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, or the like (catalytic hydrogenation method); and a method of allowing the compound to react with alkaline metal in alcohol (metal reduction method). In addition, a method of using a specific organic boron compound at an extremely low temperature of around −45° C., using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent (hydride reduction method using K-selectride) can also be applied.
For example, the following reaction steps can be used:
These methods are described in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 52-78863, 52-78864 and 60-228500, and Tetrahedron (1984) vol. 40, No. 5, p. 851.
In addition, 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof (compound 8) can be converted to ursodeoxycholic acid or ester derivatives thereof (compound 21a) with reference to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 60-228500 and 5-32692. Moreover, 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof (compound 8) can be converted to 3α-hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid and ester derivatives thereof (compound 21c) with reference to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 52-78863 and 52-78864. Furthermore, 3a-hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid or ester derivatives thereof (compound 21c) can be converted to ursodeoxycholic acid or ester derivatives thereof (compound 21a) with reference to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 52-78863, 52-78864, and 5-32692.
Next, embodiments regarding the aforementioned schematic view 1 will be described more in detail.
3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic or ester derivatives thereof can be produced, using, as raw materials, sterols having double bonds at positions 5 and 24, such as cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol, desmosterol, fucosterol, or ergosta-5, 24(28)-dien-3β-ol, by performing the following 4 steps:
Moreover, regarding (III) above, a steroid substrate having a double bond at position 6 can be treated by the same means as in the aforementioned steps 3A, 3B, 3C, and 7, for example. Furthermore, a steroid substrate that does not have a double bond at position 6 can be treated by the methods described in, for example, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1986, vol. 51, p. 946; J. Chem. Res., Synop., 1986, No. 2, p. 48; and Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1982, vol. 44, p. 6.
Further, regarding (IV) above, a steroid substrate can be treated by the same means as in the aforementioned steps 4A and 4B, for example.
Still further, the aforementioned step (II) will be described in detail below, based on the aforementioned schematic view 2.
In the case of sterols including cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol and desmosterol as typical examples, a double bond at position 24 can be epoxidized by the same means as in the aforementioned steps 3A and 3B. Thereafter, epoxide can be hydrolyzed to glycol by the same means as in the aforementioned steps 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D. Thereafter, glycol can be converted to a carboxyl group at position 24 due to oxidative cleavage by the same means as in the aforementioned steps 6A and 6C.
On the other hand, in the case of sterols including ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol, fucosterol, and ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol as typical examples, a double bond at position 24(28) can be epoxidized by the same means as in the aforementioned steps 3A and 3B, for example. Thereafter, epoxide can be hydrolyzed to glycol by the same means as in the aforementioned steps 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D. Thereafter, glycol can be converted to a ketone at position 24 due to oxidative cleavage by the same means as in the aforementioned steps 6A and 6C. Thereafter, the ketone at position 24 can be induced to a carboxylate or isopropyl ester at position 24 by Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, using peracid in a common organic chemistry manner. For example, the above ketone can be treated by the same means as in the aforementioned steps 3A and 3B.
Moreover, all of the aforementioned substrates can be induced to an aldehyde body at position 24 or a carboxylate at position 24 by directly subjecting a double bond at position 24 to ozone oxidation, resulting in oxidative cleavage.
Examples of a steroid compound containing 22 or more carbon atoms that is generated from carbohydrate by the fermentation method may include zymosterol, cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol, cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, desmosterol, fucosterol, episterol, ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trienol, ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraenol, and ergosterol. These compounds are treated, for example, by the same means as in the aforementioned steps 4A and 4B. Thus, these compounds are subjected to a step of constructing a 5β-configuration by reduction of a double bond at position 4, and as necessary, are also subjected to steps:
The present invention will be more specifically described in the following examples. However, these examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The structures of the generated products were confirmed by 1H-NMR (300 or 40 mHz, TMS/CDCl3).
4.38 g (11.47 mmol) of cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol (compound 2) and 11.24 g (114.66 mmol) of cyclohexanone were dissolved in 44 ml of toluene, and the mixture was subjected to deaeration under a reduced pressure and nitrogen substitution at room temperature. This treatment was repeated several times. Thereafter, 1.17 g (5.74 mmol) of aluminum isopropoxide was added to the reaction solution at room temperature, and the obtained mixture was then stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 112° C. for 2 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and 2.3 ml of water was then added thereto. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Thereafter, the deposited precipitate was filtrated, and the filtrate was then concentrated. The concentrate was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, so as to obtain 4.01 g of cholesta-4,7,24-trien-3-one (compound 3). The yield of the isolated and purified compound 3 was found to be 92%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) is shown below.
δ:0.60 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.96 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.18 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.61 (s, 3H, 26-H), 1.69 (s, 3H, 27-H), 2.22 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.40 (m, 3H), 2.63-2.72 (m, 1H, 6-H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 1H, 6-H), 5.09 (m, 1H, 24-H), 5.18 (m, 1H, 7-H), 5.80 (s, 1H, 4-H)
3.49 g (9.18 mmol) of the cholesta-4,7,24-trien-3-one (compound 3) obtained by the method described in Example 1 was dissolved in 70 ml of methanol, and thereafter, deaeration under a reduced pressure and nitrogen substitution were repeated several times at room temperature. Thereafter, 2.53 g (38.40 mmol) of 85% potassium hydroxide was added to the reaction solution, and the obtained mixture was stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 64° C. for 7 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and 2.37 g of acetic acid was then added thereto, followed by stirring the obtained mixture at room temperature for 0.5 hours. Subsequently, methanol was distilled away under a reduced pressure, and water was then added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, dried, and then concentrated. The obtained concentrate was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, so as to obtain 3.13 g of cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one (compound 4). The yield of the isolated and purified compound 4 was found to be 90%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) is shown below.
δ:0.76 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.95 (d, 6.5 Hz, 3H, 21-H),1.12 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.61 (s, 3H, 26-H), 1.69 (s, 3H, 27-H), 2.19 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.65 (m, 2H), 5.09 (m, 1H, 24-H), 5.67 (s, 1H, 4-H), 6.12 (m, 2H, 6-H and 7-H)
0.20 g (0.50 mmol) of ergosta-4,7,24-trien-3-one was dissolved in 10 ml of methanol. Thereafter, deaeration under a reduced pressure and nitrogen substitution were repeated several times at room temperature. Thereafter, 0.10 g (1.52 mmol) of 85% powder potassium hydroxide was added to the reaction solution, and the obtained mixture was stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 12 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and 0.18 g of acetic acid was then added thereto, followed by stirring the obtained mixture at room temperature for 0.5 hours. Subsequently, methanol was distilled away under a reduced pressure, and water was then added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, dried, and then concentrated. The obtained concentrate was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, so as to obtain 0.20 g of ergosta-4,6,24-trien-3-one. The yield thereof was found to be 100%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) is shown below.
δ:0.77 (s, 3H), 0.81 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.83 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.91 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 1.01 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 1.12 (s, 3H), 2.20 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.66 (m, 2H), 5.11-5.27 (m, 2H), 5.67 (s, 1H), 6.06-6.17 (m, 2H)
The reaction formula of the present example is shown below.
0.20 g (0.5 mmol) of cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol (compound 2) and 0.26 g (2.6 mmol) of cyclohexanone were dissolved in 2 ml of heptane. Thereafter, 0.02 g (0.1 mmol) of aluminum isopropoxide was added thereto at room temperature, and the obtained mixture was heated to reflux for 4 hours in the air. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and water was added thereto. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The deposited precipitate was filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated. The concentrate was calibrated by HPLC. As a result, the yield of compound 3 was found to be 85%.
0.3 g (0.8 mmol) of the cholesta-4,7,24-trien-3-one (compound 3) obtained by the method described in Example 1 was dissolved in 5.3 ml of methanol. Thereafter, 0.09 g (1.4 mmol) of 85% potassium hydroxide was added thereto, and the obtained mixture was heated to reflux for 4 hours in the air. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and 2.37 g of acetic acid was added thereto. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hours. Thereafter, methanol was distilled away under a reduced pressure. Water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, dried, and then concentrated. The concentrate was calibrated by HPLC. As a result, the yield of compound 4 was found to be 52%.
0.10 g (0.26 mmol) of cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one was dissolved in 3.5 ml (1 mmol) of a 0.3 M perbenzoic acid/ethyl acetate solution, and the obtained mixture was then stirred at 45° C. for 8 hours. After completion of the reaction, an aqueous 10% sodium sulfite solution was added to the reaction solution to decompose the residual peroxide, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. Subsequently, the organic layer was washed with an aqueous saturated potassium bicarbonate solution, dried, and then concentrated, so as to obtain 0.138 g of a crude compound, 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one. The yield thereof was found to be 70%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) is shown below.
δ:0.75 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.95 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.10 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.27 (s, 3H, 26-H), 1.30 (s, 3H, 27-H), 2.4-2.6 (m, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 3.3-3.4 (m, 1H, 7-H), 3.47 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H, 6-H), 6.12 (s, 1H, 4-H)
1.00 g (2.63 mmol) of cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one was dissolved in 11.7 ml of n-butyl acetate, and 4 ml of water was added thereto. Thereafter, 2.53 ml (2.63 mmol) of a 1.04 M 2-methylperbenzoic acid/n-butyl acetate solution (hereinafter abbreviated as a peracid solution) was added dropwise to the above mixed solution at 78° C., and obtained mixture was then stirred at 78° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the water layer was separated and eliminated, and then washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and then with water. Thereafter, 4 ml of water was added to the resultant. (*1) 0.50 ml (0.53 mmol) of a peracid solution was added to the mixed solution at 78° C., and the obtained mixture was then stirred at 78° C. for 0.5 hours. Thereafter, 0.50 ml (0.53 mmol) of a peracid solution was further added to the reaction solution, and the obtained mixture was then stirred at 78° C. for 0.5 hours. Thereafter, the water layer was separated and eliminated, and then washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and then with water. Thereafter, 4 ml of water was added to the resultant. The same operations as described in (*1) were repeated twice on the above mixed solution. Thereafter, 0.50 ml (0.53 mmol) of a peracid solution was added thereto at 78° C., and the mixture was then stirred at 78° C. for 0.5 hours. Thereafter, 0.50 ml (0.53 mmol) of a peracid solution was further added thereto, and the mixture was then stirred at 78° C. for 0.5 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and sodium sulfite was added thereto to decompose the residual peroxide, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. Subsequently, the organic layer was washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried, and then concentrated, so as to obtain 1.33 g of a crude compound, 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one. The yield thereof was found to be 82%.
The obtained crude compound, 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3 one, was subjected to thin-layer chromatography, so as to separate 6α-, 7α-, and 6β-, 7β-forms. The NMR shift values (δ ppm) thereof are shown below.
δ:0.75 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.94 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.09 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.27 and 1.31 (s, 6H, 26-H and 27-H), 2.42-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 3.35 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H, 7-H), 3.46 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H, 6-H), 6.11 (s, 1H, 4-H)
δ:0.75 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.95 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.21 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.27 and 1.31 (s, 6H, 26-H and 27-H), 2.36-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 3.37 (s, 2H, 6-H and 7-H), 6.15 (s, 1H, 4-H)
0.128 g of the crude compound obtained in the aforementioned Example 4-1, 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one, was dissolved in 1.8 ml of ethyl acetate. Thereafter, 0.5 ml of triethylamine and 7 mg of 10% palladium carbon were added thereto, and the obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours under the hydrogen atmosphere of 1 atm. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst was filtrated, and the filtrate was then concentrated. The concentrate was subjected to short silica gel column chromatography for concentration, thereby obtaining 0.077 g of a crude compound, 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one-7-ol. The yield thereof was found to be 87%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) is shown below.
δ:0.70 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.95 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.00 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.27 (s, 3H, 26-H), 1.30 (s, 3H, 27-H), 2.15-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.3-2.5 (m, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 3.40 (t, J=13.3 Hz, 1H, 4-H), 3.92 (m, 1H, 7-H)
The obtained crude compound, 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one-7-ol, was subjected to thin-layer chromatography, so as to separate 7α- and 7β-forms and a reaction intermediate. The NMR shift values (δ ppm) thereof are shown below.
δ:0.71 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.96 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.01 (s, 3H, 19H), 1.27 and 1.31 (s, 6H, 26-H and 27-H), 2.12-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.41 (dt, J=14 Hz and 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 3.39 (t, J=13.2 Hz, 1H, 4-H), 3.93 (m, 1H, 7-H)
δ:0.73 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.96 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.06 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.27 and 1.31 (s, 6H, 26-H and 27-H), 2.15-2.35 (m, 3H), 2.52 (t, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 3.56-3.68 (m, 1H, 7-H)
δ:0.73 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.94 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.19 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.27 and 1.31 (s, 6H, 26-H and 27-H), 2.33-2.46 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 3.97 (m, 1H, 7-H), 5.81 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H, 4-H)
δ:0.74 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.95 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.21 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.27 and 1.31 (s, 6H, 26-H and 27-H), 2.31-2.56 (m, 4H), 2.69 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 3.42-3.50 (m, 1H, 7-H), 5.76 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H, 4-H)
2.6 mg of 5% palladium carbon was suspended in 1,060 μl of methanol, and 25 μl (0.165 mmol) of tetramethylethylenediamine was added thereto. The obtained mixture was stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere at 50° C. for 3 hours. Subsequently, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and 206 μl of water was added thereto. The inside of the reaction system was substituted with hydrogen of 1 atm, and the reaction solution was then stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Subsequently, the pre-treated catalyst suspension was cooled to 5° C. Then, 310 μl of an n-butyl acetate solution containing 100 mg (0.242 mmol) of the crude 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one that had been obtained in the aforementioned Example 4-2 and had been then purified with a silica gel column, and 424 μl of methanol was added thereto in a hydrogen atmosphere. The obtained mixture was stirred under the hydrogen atmosphere of 1 atm at 5° C. for 49 hours. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst was filtrated, and the filtrate was then concentrated. The concentrate was concentrated by short silica gel column chromatography, so as to obtain 115 mg of a crude compound, 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one-7-ol. The yield thereof was found to be 96%.
0.077 g (0.19 mmol) of the crude 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one-7-ol obtained in the aforementioned Example 5-1 was adsorbed on a silica gel column, and it was then eluted with a mixed solution consisting of hexane and ethyl acetate, so as to obtain 0.080 g of 5β-cholestan-3-one-7,24,25-triol. The yield thereof was found to be 100%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) thereof is shown below.
δ:0.71 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.95 and 0.96 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.01 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.17 and 1.21 (s, 6H, 26-H and 27-H), 2.15-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.45 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.33 (m, 1H, 24-H), 3.39 (t, J=15.6 Hz, 1H, 4-H), 3.93 (m, 1H, 7-H)
145 mg (0.35 mmol) of the 4,25-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one-7-ol obtained in the aforementioned Example 5-2 was dissolved in a mixed solution consisting of 1 ml of acetonitrile and 1 ml of water. Thereafter, 73 mg (0.35 mmol) of citric acid monohydrate was added thereto, and the obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 9 hours. After completion of the reaction, sodium bicarbonate was added to the reaction solution, so as to neutralize citric acid. Thereafter, acetonitrile was distilled away under a reduced pressure, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The extract was concentrated, so as to obtain 150 mg of a crude compound, 5β-cholestan-3-one-7,24,25-triol. The yield thereof was found to be 98%.
93 mg (0.22 mmol) of 5β-cholestan-3-one-7,24,25-triol was dissolved in 1.5 ml of acetonitrile and 1.1 ml of water. Thereafter, 0.17 g (0.44 mmol) of 60% calcium hypochlorite was added thereto at room temperature, and 0.12 g of acetic acid was further added to the obtained mixture, followed by stirring the obtained mixture at room temperature for 40 minutes. After completion of the reaction, an aqueous 10% sodium sulfite solution was added to the reaction solution to decompose an excessive oxidizing agent. Thereafter, concentrated hydrochloric acid was added thereto, so that the pH thereof could be adjusted to pH 1. After the mixture had been subjected to vacuum concentration, the concentrate was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, so as to obtain 75 mg of 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid. The yield thereof was found to be 92%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) thereof is shown below.
δ:0.72 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.95 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.30 (s, 3H, 19-H), 2.50 (t, J=10.7 Hz, 1H), 2.88 (dd, J=5.1 Hz and 14.2 Hz, 1H)
0.120 g of the crude 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one synthesized by the same method as that in Example 4-1 was adsorbed on a silica gel column, and it was then eluted with a mixed solution consisting of hexane and ethyl acetate, so as to obtain 0.080 g of a crude compound, 6,7-epoxycholest-4-en-3-one-24,25-diol. The yield thereof was found to be 80%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) thereof is shown below.
δ:0.75 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.95 and 0.96 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.10 (s, 3H,19-H), 1.18 (s, 3H, 26-H), 1.23 (s, 3H, 27-H), 2.4-2.6 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.31 (m, 1H, 24-H), 3.33-3.38 (m, 1H, 7-H), 3.46 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, 6-H), 6.12 (s, 1H, 4-H)
The crude 6,7-epoxycholest-4-en-3-one-24,25-diol obtained by the same method as that in the aforementioned Example 5 was purified with a silica gel column. 0.075 g of the thus purified product was reduced by the same method as that in Example 5-1, and it was then purified by silica gel column chromatography, so as to obtain 0.068 g of 5β-cholestan-3-one-7α,24,25-triol. The yield thereof was found to be 90%. In addition, it was confirmed that the NMR data thereof were identical to those in Example 6-1.
0.10 g (0.27 mmol) of cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one was dissolved in 2 ml of ethyl acetate. Thereafter, 0.76 ml (0.32 mmol) of a 0.42 M monoperphthalic acid/ethyl acetate solution was added thereto, and the obtained mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. After completion of the reaction, an aqueous 10% sodium sulfite solution was added to the reaction solution to decompose the residual peroxide, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. Subsequently, the organic layer was washed with an aqueous saturated potassium bicarbonate solution, dried, and then concentrated, so as to obtain 0.11 g of a crude compound, 24,25-epoxycholesta-4,6-dien-3-one. The yield thereof was found to be 100%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) thereof is shown below.
δ:0.77 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.95 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.11 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.27 (s, 3H, 26-H), 1.31 (s, 3H, 27-H), 2.15-2.23 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.65 (m, 2H, 2-H), 2.69 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 5.67 (s, 1H, 4-H), 6.07-6.16 (m, 2H, 6-H and 7-H)
0.110 g of the crude 24,25-epoxycholesta-4,6-dien-3-one (compound 10) synthesized in accordance with Example 7 was adsorbed on a silica gel column, and it was then eluted with a mixed solution consisting of hexane and ethyl acetate, so as to obtain 0.070 g of cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one-24,25-diol. The yield thereof was found to be 61%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) thereof is shown below.
δ:0.76 and 0.77 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.94 and 0.95 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.11 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.17 (s, 3H, 26-H), 1.21 (s, 3H, 27-H), 2.37-2.64 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.37 (m, 1H, 24-H), 5.67 (s, 1H, 4-H), 6.05-6.16 (m, 2H, 6-H and 7-H)
66 mg (0.159 mmol) of the cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one-24,25-diol (compound 11) synthesized in accordance with Example 11 was epoxidized by the same method as that in Example 4-2, and the resultant product was then purified by silica gel column chromatography, so as to obtain 48 mg of 6,7-epoxycholest-4-en-3-one-24,25-diol. The yield thereof was found to be 70%. In addition, it was confirmed that the NMR data thereof were identical to those in Example 8.
667 mg of the crude 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestan-3-one-7-ol (compound 6) synthesized in accordance with Example 5-2 was dissolved in 5.4 ml of acetonitrile and 2.7 ml of water. Thereafter, 1.21 ml of acetic acid and 31 mg of NaBr were added thereto. Thereafter, 0.36 g (1.51 mmol) of 60% calcium hypochlorite was added to the obtained mixture at 0° C., and the obtained mixture was then stirred at 0° C. for 23 hours. After completion of the reaction, sodium sulfite was added to the reaction solution to decompose an excessive oxidizing agent, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. Thereafter, the extract was washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and then with water. The resultant was dried and then subjected to vacuum concentration, so as to obtain 576 mg of a crude compound, 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestane-3,7-dione. The yield thereof was found to be 96%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) thereof is shown below.
δ:0.70 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.95 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.27 and 1.31 (s, 6H, 26-H and 27-H), 1.31 (s, 3H, 19-H), 2.50 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 2.89 (dd, J=5.6 Hz and 12.8 Hz, 1H)
419 mg of the crude 24,25-epoxy-5β-cholestane-3,7-dione (compound 12) obtained in Example 13 was hydrolyzed by the same method as that in Example 6-2, so as to obtain 410 mg of a crude compound, 5β-cholestane-3,7-dione-24,25-diol. The yield thereof was found to be 97%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) thereof is shown below.
δ:0.70 and 0.71 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.94 and 0.95 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.16 and 1.21 (s, 6H, 26-H and 27-H), 1.31 (s, 3H, 19-H), 2.51 (t, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (dd, J=5.6 Hz and 12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.27-3.35 (m, 1H, 24-H)
390 mg of the crude 5β-cholestane-3,7-dione-24,25-diol (compound 13) obtained in Example 14 was dissolved in 6 ml of acetonitrile and 2.7 ml of water. Thereafter, 0.17 ml of acetic acid was further added thereto. Thereafter, 294 mg (1.23 mmol) 60% calcium hypochlorite was added to the obtained mixture at 10° C., and the obtained mixture was then stirred at 10° C. for 26.5 hours. After completion of the reaction, sodium sulfite was added to the reaction solution to decompose an excessive oxidizing agent. Thereafter, concentrated hydrochloric acid was added thereto, resulting in pH<1. The reaction solution was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extract was washed with water, dried, and then concentrated, so as to obtain 381 mg of a crude compound, 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid. The yield thereof was found to be 84%. In addition, it was confirmed that the NMR data thereof were identical to those in Example 7.
547 mg (1.44 mmol) of cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one was dissolved in 10 ml of formic acid at 10° C., and 520 μl of t-butyl hypochloride was then added thereto. The obtained mixture was stirred at 10° C. for 30 minutes. After completion of the reaction, water was added to the reaction solution, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water and then with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The resultant was dried and then concentrated, so as to obtain 870 mg of a crude compound, 7,24-dichloro-cholest-4-en-3-one-6,25-diol diformyl ester (compound 15a). The yield thereof was found to be approximately 70%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) thereof is shown below.
δ:0.77 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.93 and 0.95 (d, J=4.9 Hz and 6.5 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.28 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.60 (s, 6H, 26-H and 27-H), 2.38-2.57 (m, 2H), 4.14 (t, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (t, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 5.55 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H, 6-H), 6.04 (s, 1H, 4-H), 8.00 (s, 1H, Formyl), 8.05 (s, 1H, Formyl)
Subsequently, 870 mg of the thus obtained crude 7,24-dichloro-cholest-4-en-3-one-6,25-diol diformyl ester (compound 15a) was dissolved in 15 ml of methanol, and 300 mg of KHCO3 (3 mmol) was then added thereto. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours, so as to cleave the ester. Thereafter, 694 mg of K2CO3 (5 mmol) was added thereto, and the obtained mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, so as to cyclize an intermediate, chlorohydrin, to epoxide. After completion of the reaction, 1 ml of acetic acid was added thereto, and methanol was concentrated. Water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The extract was dried and then concentrated, and the concentrate was then purified by silica gel column chromatography, so as to obtain 341 mg of a crude compound, 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one. The total yield obtained from the two steps was found to be approximately 57%.
It was also found that the obtained crude 6,7:24,25-diepoxycholest-4-en-3-one was only 6β,7β-epoxide.
0.50 g (1.92 mmol) of 1-benzoyl citronellol was dissolved in 6 ml of chloroform, and 0.99 g (5.76 mmol) of m-chloroperbenzoic acid was then added thereto. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, an aqueous 10% sodium sulfite solution was added to the reaction solution to decompose the residual peroxide, followed by extraction with chloroform. Subsequently, the organic layer was washed with an aqueous saturated potassium bicarbonate solution. The resultant was dried and then concentrated, so as to obtain 0.49 g of a crude compound, benzoic acid 5-(3,3-dimethyloxiranyl)-3-methylpentyl ester. The yield thereof was found to be 92%. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) thereof is shown below.
δ:1.00 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 3H), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.4-1.9 (m, 7H), 2.72(t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 8.04 (m, 2H)
Subsequently, 0.10 g (0.36 mmol) of the obtained crude benzoic acid 5-(3,3-dimethyloxiranyl)-3-methylpentyl ester was dissolved in 2 ml of ethyl acetate. Thereafter, 22 mg of water, 17 mg of acetic acid, and 0.20 g of silica gel were added thereto, and the obtained mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, silica gel was filtrated, and the filtrate was then concentrated, so as to obtain 0.10 g of a crude compound, benzoic acid 6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl ester. It was found that the conversion rate thereof was 100% and that the yield thereof was 94%. Other than the product of interest, no by-products were detected. The NMR shift value (δ ppm) thereof is shown below.
δ:0.99 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 3H), 1.16 (s, 3H), 1.21 (s, 3H), 1.2-1.95 (m, 7H), 2.14-2.25 (m, 1H), 3.32 (m, 1H), 4.3-4.45 (m, 2H), 7.44 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (m, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H)
The reaction formula of the present example is shown below.
The reaction in each of the following examples 18 to 24 is shown in Scheme V.
Desmosterol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.; 70 mg; MW=384.65; 182 μmol) was dissolved in pyridine (1.4 ml). The obtained mixture was then stirred at room temperature. To this solution was added tosylchloride (82 mg, 437 μmol, 2.4 eq, MW=190.65), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. Thirty hours later, ice was added to the reaction solution, and the obtained mixture was stirred for 5 minutes, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 1N hydrochloric acid, a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and a saturated saline solution. The resultant was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and ethyl acetate was then distilled away under a reduced pressure. According to the aforementioned method, 98 mg of 3-tosiloxycholesta-5,24-diene was obtained (yield: 100%; MW=538.83). The physical properties of the above compound are as follows.
RF=0.74 (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) 1H-NMR (400 MHz, TMS/CDCl3, δ ppm)
δ:0.66 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.92 (d, 6.4 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 0.96 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.60 (s, 3H, 26-H), 1.68 (s, 3H, 27-H), 2.45 (s, 3H, -Ph-Me), 4.32 (m, 1H, 3-H), 5.08 (tt, J=7.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 5.30 (dd, J=3.0, 2.2 Hz, 1H, 6-H), 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H, m-Ph-H), 7.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H, o-Ph-H)
3-tosiloxycholesta-5,24-diene (98 mg, 182 μmol, MW=538.83) was dissolved in methanol (2.1 ml, bp=64.5° C.), and then, potassium acetate (89 mg, 910 μmol, 5.0 eg., MW=98.14) was added to the obtained solution. The obtained mixture was heated to reflux for 90 minutes. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was then washed with 1N hydrochloric acid, a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and a saturated saline solution. The resultant was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and ethyl acetate was then distilled away under a reduced pressure. The obtained solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:diethyl ether=60:1). According to the aforementioned method, 53 mg of 6-methoxy-3,5-cyclocholest-24-ene was obtained (yield: 73%; MW=398.65). The physical properties of the above compound are as follows.
RF=0.74 (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1) 1H-NMR (400 MHz, TMS/CDCl3, δppm)
δ:0.43 (dd, J=8.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H, 4α-H), 0.65 (t, J=4.2 Hz, 1H, 4β-H), 0.72 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.92 (d, 6.4 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 0.96 (s, 3H, 19-H), 1.60 (s, 3H, 26-H), 1.68 (s, 3H, 27-H), 2.45 (s, 3H, -Ph-Me), 4.32 (m, 1H, 3-H), 5.08 (tt, J=7.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H, 24-H), 5.30 (dd, J=3.0, 2.2 Hz, 1H, 6-H), 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H, m-Ph-H), 7.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H, o-Ph-H)
5.0 mg (13 μmol, MW=398.65) of 6-methoxy-3,5-cyclocholest-24-ene was dissolved in ethyl acetate (5.0 ml). The obtained solution was cooled to −78° C. in a dry ice-acetone bath. Thereafter, ozone gas was supplied into the solution. After the gas had been supplied into the reaction solution, it was successively supplied into two types of solutions, an aqueous 5% potassium iodide solution and an aqueous 5% sodium thiosulfate solution. Ten minutes later, coloration of the aqueous potassium iodide solution was confirmed, and introduction of the ozone gas was then terminated. Thereafter, nitrogen gas was blown into the solution, so as to eliminate the ozone gas remaining in the solution. Thereafter, the blowing of the nitrogen gas was terminated, and the solution was stirred at 0° C. in an ice bath. The Jones reagent (2.76 M, 25 μl, 70 μmol, 5.5 eq.) was added to the reaction solution. After completion of the reaction had been confirmed, isopropanol (0.2 ml) was added to the reaction solution. The obtained mixture was stirred for 5 minutes, and it was then diluted with water, followed by extraction of the reaction mixture with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with an aqueous 5% sodium thiosulfate solution and then with a saturated saline solution. The resultant was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and ethyl acetate was then distilled away under a reduced pressure. Thereafter, the obtained product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1). According to the aforementioned method, 4.0 mg of 6-methoxy-3,5-cyclocholan-24-oic acid was obtained (yield: 82%; MW=388.59). The physical properties of the above compound are as follows.
RF=0.28 (hexane:ethyl acetate=10:1) 1H-NMR (400 MHz, TMS/CDCl3, δppm)
δ:0.43 (dd, J=7.8, 5.0 Hz, 1H, 4α-H), 0.65 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 1H, 4β-H), 0.72 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.93 (d, 6.4 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.02 (s, 3H, 19-H), 2.26 (ddd, J=6.2, 9.6, 15.8 Hz, 1H, 23-H1), 2.40 (ddd, J=5.2, 10.0, 15.6 Hz, 1H, 23-H2), 2.78 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 1H, 3-H), 3.33 (s, 3H, —OMe)13C-NMR (100 MHz, TMS/CDCl3, δppm) δ:−1.03, 11.2, 12.1, 13.1, 17.3, 18.3, 20.5, 21.7, 23.1, 23.9, 27.2, 29.5, 29.7, 29.8, 32.3, 34.0, 34.3, 39.2, 41.8, 42.4, 47.0, 55.5, 81.4, 177.7
5.0 mg (13 μmol, MW=388.59) of 6-methoxy-3,5-cyclocholan-24-oic acid was dissolved in methanol (0.5 ml), and 100 μl of trimethylsilyldiazomethane (0.63 M (10% v/v) solution in hexane, 80 μmol, 5.0 eq) was then added thereto. The obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 40 minutes. Thereafter, water was added, and the reaction was terminated. The reaction solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 1N hydrochloric acid, a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and a saturated saline solution. The resultant was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and ethyl acetate was then distilled away under a reduced pressure. According to the aforementioned method, 5.0 mg of a 6-methoxy-3,5-cyclocholan-24-oic acid-methyl ester body was obtained (yield: 98%; MW=402.62). The physical properties of the above compound are as follows.
RF=0.77 (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) 1H-NMR (400 MHz, TMS/CDCl3, δppm)
δ:0.43 (dd, J=8.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H, 4α-H), 0.65 (t, J=4.4 Hz, 1H, 4β-H), 0.72 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.92 (d, 6.4 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.02 (s, 3H, 19-H), 2.22 (ddd, J=6.4, 9.8, 15.8 Hz, 1H, 23-H1), 2.35 (ddd, J=5.2, 10.0, 15.2 Hz, 1H, 23-H2), 2.77 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 1H, 3-H), 3.32 (s, 3H, —OMe), 3.66 (s, 3H, —COOMe)
26 mg (65 μmol, MW=402.62) of 6-methoxy-3,5-cyclocholan-24-oic acid-methyl ester was dissolved in dioxane (1.0 ml, b.p.=101° C.) and water (0.3 ml). Thereafter, 4.7 ml (969 μmol, 15.0 eg., MW=98.14, 20 mg/ml) of an aqueous paratoluenesulfonic acid solution was added to the above solution, and the obtained mixture was heated to reflux. Three hours later, the reaction solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and a saturated saline solution. The resultant was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and ethyl acetate was then distilled away under a reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1). According to the aforementioned method, 18 mg of 3β-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid-methyl ester was obtained (yield: 70%; MW=388.59). The physical properties of the above compound are as follows.
RF=0.28 (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) 1H-NMR (400 MHz, TMS/CDCl3, δppm)
δ:0.68 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.93 (d, 6.8 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.01 (s, 3H, 19-H), 3.52 (m, 1H, 3-H), 3.66 (s, 3H, —COOMe), 5.35 (m, 1H, 6-H)
18 mg (46 μmol, MW=388.59) of 3β-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid-methyl ester was dissolved in pyridine (0.5 ml). Thereafter, 100 μl (1.1 mmol, d=1.082, 24 eg., MW=98.14) of acetic anhydride was added to the above solution, and the obtained mixture was then stirred at 0° C. Fifteen hours later, ice was added to the reaction solution, and the reaction mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 1N hydrochloric acid, a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and a saturated saline solution. The resultant was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and ethyl acetate was then distilled away under a reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=7:1). According to the aforementioned method, 18 mg of 3β-acetoxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid-methyl ester was obtained (yield: 95%; MW=430.63). The physical properties of the above compound are as follows.
RF=0.56 (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), mp=152.0-152.2° C. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, TMS/CDCl3, δppm) δ:0.68 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.93 (d, 6.4 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.02 (s, 3H, 19-H), 2.03 (s, 3H, —COCH3), 3.66 (s, 3H, —COOMe), 4.60 (m, 1H, 3-H), 5.37 (d, 4.8 Hz, 1H, 6-H)
3β-acetoxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid-methyl ester (8 mg, 18 MW=430.63) was dissolved in cyclohexane (1.0 ml) at 50° C. Thereafter, water (0.1 ml) and ruthenium chloride (4.0 mg, 1.0 eq) were added to the above solution, and the obtained mixture was then stirred at room temperature. Thereafter, 75 μl of an aqueous 70% tertiary butylhydroperoxide solution (FW=90.12; d=0.93; 552 μmol; 30 eq) was slowly added to the above solution, and the obtained mixture was stirred for 6 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, and it was then filtrated with silica gel, thereby eliminating a metal solid. The organic layer was washed with an aqueous 5% sodium thiosulfate solution and a saturated saline solution. The resultant was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was then removed under a reduced pressure. The obtained solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1). According to the aforementioned method, 4 mg of 3β-acetoxy-5-chole-7-on-24-oic acid-methyl ester was obtained (yield: 48%; MW=444.62). The physical properties of the above compound are as follows.
RF=0.23 (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), mp=166.8-168.1° C. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, TMS/CDCl3, δppm) δ:0.68 (s, 3H, 18-H), 0.93 (d, 6.4 Hz, 3H, 21-H), 1.21 (s, 3H, 19-H), 2.05 (s, 3H, —COCH3), 3.67 (s, 3H, —COOMe), 4.71 (m, 1H, 3-H), 5.70 (d, 2.0 Hz, 1H, 6-H) 13C-NMR (100 MHz, TMS/CDCl3, δppm) δ:12.0, 17.3, 18.5, 21.2, 21.3, 26.3, 27.4, 28.4, 31.0, 31.1, 35.3, 36.0, 37.8, 38.3, 38.6, 43.2, 45.4, 49.8, 49.9, 51.5, 54.5, 72.2, 126.7, 163.9, 170.3, 174.7, 201.8
According to the present invention, cholesta-4,6,24-trien-3-one useful as a synthetic intermediate of various steroid medicaments, or 3,7-dioxo-5β-cholanic acid and ester derivatives thereof useful as important synthetic intermediates of various steroid medicaments, such as ursodeoxycholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid, can be efficiently and economically produced, by using, as raw materials, sterols having double bonds at positions 5 and 24, such as cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol or desmosterol. Since cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol, desmosterol, or the like can be produced by the fermentation method using carbohydrate as a raw material, various steroid medicaments can be stably supplied as a result of the establishment of an inexpensive chemical synthesis method, thereby greatly contributing to expansion of the intended use.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-205515 | Jul 2004 | JP | national |
| 2004-215304 | Jul 2004 | JP | national |
The present application is a Divisional Application of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/264,035, filed on Nov. 2, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT/JP2005/013216, filed on Jul. 12, 2005, and claims priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2004/205515, filed on Jul. 13, 2004, and Japanese patent Application No. 2004/215304, filed Jul. 23, 2004, the disclosure of all of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. In addition, the present application contains subject matter from and incorporates by reference Japanese Patent Application No. 2003/102913, filed Apr. 7, 2003, which published Nov. 4, 2004 as Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004/307390.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11264035 | Nov 2005 | US |
| Child | 12827902 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2005/013216 | Jul 2005 | US |
| Child | 11264035 | US |
