Patent Application
20050056685
This application claims Paris Convention priority of DE 103 42 353.2 filed Sep. 12, 2003 the complete disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The invention concerns a method for producing connecting ends on a tube piece having several metal layers, in particular, a wound metal pipe piece, by fixing the overlapping metal layers of a tube having a larger length or of an endless tube in the region of the point of separation through welding to subsequently separate the tube piece from the longer tube or the endless tube. The invention also concerns a tube piece, in particular, a wound metal tube piece which comprises several metal layers and at least one connecting end in the region of which at least regions of the overlapping metal layers are welded together.
Tubes of this type comprising overlapping metal layers are used, in particular in the form of annular or helically wound tubes, as conduit elements in exhaust pipes of automotive vehicles. Due to their above-mentioned construction, they can accommodate certain length variations, as well as the bending and twisting which usually occur during operation of automotive vehicles, e.g. due to thermal expansion or vibration.
These conduit elements are manufactured, in particular, through helical winding of one or more layers of a metal strip. The positive connection of the neighboring regions of the strip or layers is effected through U-shaped profiles or folds. The production lines for such tubes are either endless or produce at least tube sections having a length of several meters.
For further processing, the wound tubes must be cut to a desired length. This separating process may not be effected by merely cutting perpendicularly to the tube axis, since fixation of neighboring layers would be partially destroyed and the strip end would burst open due to its internal tension leading to sharp tips or triangular protrusions at the strip end. Should a tube piece have such burst-open connecting ends, it cannot be further processed and must be rejected. Later fixing of the burst-opened metal layers in the region of the burst-open connecting ends is, in particular, not possible in practice, since the metal layers are exposed to bending loads.
In order to fix the connecting ends before separating off a tube piece from the longer tube or from an endless tube, the metal layers of the tube are conventionally fixed only mechanically in the region of the connecting ends (EP 1 281 904 A2). This may be effected through pressing, embossing, imprinting etc., of at least regions thereof. This requires, however, relatively expensive tools which must also be adapted to the respective tube geometry. Moreover, permanent fixing of the metal layers which would allow, in particular, later widening of the tube piece in the region of the connecting ends as is required for adjustment to the pipe diameter of neighboring pipe elements, is not possible in practice.
DE 44 11 246 A1 and EP 0 674 964 A1 describe a method for producing connecting ends on metal tubes of the above-mentioned type by laser welding a large number of welding points in the form of a stitch seam to fix the metal layers of an endless tube in the region of the subsequently produced connecting ends. Subsequent separation of the tube piece is effected by laser beam cutting.
One disadvantage is the substantial splashing during the required point welding of very oily and coated metal strips which can soil the processing optics and gas conduits. Moreover, two neighboring approximately parallel stitch seams or, at considerably reduced speed, one stitched seam must be produced, having a relatively large welding point diameter. This process is time consuming and therefore expensive. If the welding points have similar separations, there is always the fundamental risk that small residual triangular protrusions or nubs are formed after subsequent cutting off of the tube piece. The welded stitch seam at the terminating end of the wound tube tends to tear during a subsequent widening or calibration process leading to incomplete fixation in the region of the connecting ends. This can produce rejects, or at least considerably aggravate handling of such a tube piece. Subsequent widening or calibrating processes often produce breaks at the welded stitch seams in the longitudinal direction of the tube piece, which may extend over one or even more windings of the metal layers of the tube.
DE 198 51 173 C1 discloses a further method and a device for producing connecting ends on metal tubes of the above-mentioned type. The metal layers of the tube are also fixed by laser welding before the separating process, wherein a laser beam is guided continuously over the entire periphery of the tube piece thereby superposing a cyclic motion which subtends a finite angle with respect to the peripheral direction of the tube piece to produce the welding seam and generate an approximately sinusoidal or saw-tooth-shaped welding seam. This permits more effective and faster fixing of the metal layers in the region of the connecting ends of the tube piece and effectively prevents extensive splashing which occurs, in particular, during point welding. It however, also bears the danger that one or more metal layers are torn in the region of the connecting ends, in particular, during later widening or calibration processes of a tube piece produced in this manner.
It is therefore the underlying purpose of the invention to provide a simple and inexpensive method of the above-mentioned type which eliminates the described disadvantages and permits, in particular, perfect and load-resistant connection of the metal layers of the produced tube piece in the region of the connecting ends. The invention also concerns a tube piece produced in this manner.
A process control object is achieved in accordance with the invention with a method of the above-mentioned type in that for fixing the metal layers in the region of the point of separation, at least one welding seam, which extends at least about part of the periphery of the tube, is fixed through seam welding.
The term “seam welding” used throughout the specification and claims refers to a weld seam produced in the following manner. Welding electrodes are constructed in the form of cylinders or rollers between which the workpieces to be welded are moved over at least part of the periphery of the metal layers of a tube section or endless tube which is to be subsequently cut. A welding seam of a relatively large width can thereby be generated. The seam width can be defined by the width of the roller-shaped welding electrodes. In the inventive seam welding, the metal layers of the tube are welded together in a peripheral surface region extending through the gap between the roller-shaped welding electrodes, with a pressing force being exerted on each of the rollers in a direction approximately normal to the tube. The welding current can be controlled in a conventional manner e.g. through corresponding setting of the pulse widths. The advance of the tube in the peripheral direction thereof may be effected through a rotational motion of the tube itself and/or via the rotational speed of the roller-shaped welding electrodes, which rotate in opposite directions.
The invention provides, in particular for wound tubes, woven tubes and also extruded knitted tubes, chemical bonding connection, preferably throughout a surface region of radially superposed parts or portions of a tube which are already partially positively connected.
Undefined overlappings of the layers of such tubes (in particular up to 4 non-uniformly oriented layers) are thereby prevented.
The inventive method permits extremely rapid and effective welding of the tube in the region of its connecting ends. In a preferred embodiment, a welding seam which extends along the entire periphery of the tube is provided by seam welding to fix the metal layers in the separation region. Only one single welding seam is therefore sufficient for fixing the metal layers of the tube around the entire periphery and may have a considerably larger width than a welding seam produced through laser welding as defined by the width of the roller-shaped welding electrodes. The seam can withstand large loads, in particular, in the axial and also radial directions of the tube.
Cutting of the tube piece from the correspondingly pretreated tube of larger length or endless tube can be effected in a simple manner through separation in the region of the welding seam produced through seam welding, wherein the welded metal layers of the tube piece are reliably and permanently fixed in the region of the connecting ends thereby safely preventing tearing of the tube piece in the region of the connecting ends. This is also true, in particular, in the event of subsequent widening or calibration processes, wherein relatively large widening of the connecting ends is possible without requiring annealing processes which are necessary in accordance with prior art in order to reverse the strain hardening produced during manufacture of the endless tube. The continuous connection of the metal layers of the tube about the entire periphery using seam welding moreover ensures uniform and regular connection of the individual layers throughout the entire, relatively wide connecting region of the layers such that a later widening or calibration process provides uniform distribution of loads with, in particular, the elimination of load peaks which occur substantially in punctiform or linear laser welding processes. The thermal influence zone of the welding seam thereby extends over the entire width thereof and around the periphery of the tube such that an annealed structure is produced in this region which is favorable for subsequent widening of the tube piece in the region of the connecting ends, while avoiding the need for a separate annealing process. Finally, residual lubricants are eliminated which could be produced by the seam welding process during manufacture of the tube and which could otherwise cause disturbances when welding the tube piece to an exhaust pipe e.g. of an automotive vehicle.
The width of the welding seam is preferably between approximately 2 mm and 12 mm, in particular, between approximately 3 mm and 8 mm. The welding seam is thereby sufficiently wide to provide simple separation of a tube piece in the region of the welding seam while assuring permanent connection of the metal layers of the separated tube piece in the region of its connecting ends.
In accordance with the inventive method, the welding seam extends about the entire tube periphery or even only part thereof and can be disposed in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis of the tube or in a plane which is inclined with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the tube to obtain either a tube piece having a perpendicular or inclined connecting end or having one perpendicular and one inclined connecting end, if required.
It is moreover suitable to separate the tube piece from the longer tube or the endless tube after disposing the welding seam substantially along the central line of the welding seam which extends in the peripheral direction of the tube, or at least in the vicinity thereof, such that the tube pieces obtained from an endless tube have corresponding connecting ends.
The tube piece can be separated from the longer tube or the endless tube directly after seam welding and in the same operating cycle. Alternatively, the tube piece can be separated from the longer tube or the endless tube after the welding seam has been completed, in particular about the entire periphery of the tube. In the first method, the roller-shaped welding electrodes can be provided with a downstream separating means e.g. in the form of a mechanical cutting means, a laser beam cutting means or the like to cut the tube piece directly after seam welding of the metal layers thereof.
The tube piece can be cut from the longer tube or the endless tube in the region of the welding seam in any conventional manner. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the tube piece is separated using beam separation processes such as laser, plasma, water jet separation or the like. In another preferred embodiment, the tube piece is mechanically separated from the longer tube or the endless tube, e.g. through cutting, melting separation or the like.
The invention also concerns a tube piece, in particular a wound metal tube piece which comprises several metal layers and at least one connecting end in the region of which at least regions of the overlapping metal layers are welded together. To solve the underlying problem of the invention, the metal layers of such a tube piece are seam welded together in the region of the connecting end over at least part of the periphery of the tube piece. The metal layers are thereby seam welded together throughout a surface area region. The metal layers of the tube piece may thereby be continuously seam welded to each other, preferably in the region of the connecting end and throughout the entire periphery of the tube piece. Such a tube piece provides optimum durability in the region of its connecting ends. In particular, the formation of cracks in the region of its connecting ends is reliably prevented.
The width of the welding seam in the region of the connecting end is preferably between approximately 1 mm and 6 mm, between approximately 1.5 mm and 4 mm, or approximately half the width of the endless tube seam welding.
As mentioned above, the connecting end of the tube piece may extend in a plane which is oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis of the tube piece or in a plane which is inclined thereto.
In a preferred embodiment, both connecting ends of the tube piece are formed with metal layers which are seam welded together over at least part of the periphery of the tube piece.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an embodiment with reference to the drawings.
In the situation shown in
Alternatively, the tube 6 may be held stationary and the electrode arrangement 2, 3 may be moved around the periphery of the tube 6. The metal layers of the tube 6 are thereby permanently connected to each other in the region of the welding seam 8 throughout a surface area region.
The tube piece 9 of
The surface connection of the metal layers in the region of the connecting end 10 of the tube piece 9 obtained through seam welding facilitates, in particular, further processing thereof, wherein e.g. widening or calibration processes may be performed without the danger that the tube piece 9 is torn in the region of its connecting end 10. The opposite connecting end of the tube piece 9 which is not shown in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 103 42 353.2 | Sep 2003 | DE | national |
