Patent Application
20220218039
The present invention relates to methods for controlling the vaporization of a vaporizer in an inhaler, wherein the vaporizer is heated by means of electrical resistance heating, and wherein an electronic control device controls the current flow through the vaporizer.
Typically, a resistive vaporizer is electrically connected to an energy storage device via an electronic switching element, such that when the switching element is closed, the voltage of the energy storage device is applied to the vaporizer and a heating current flows. The switch is usually operated by the electronic control device.
The temperature at the vaporizer is typically determined using a temperature-dependent electrical resistance of the vaporizer. The relationship between temperature and the electrical resistance of the vaporizer can be used to adjust the temperature of the vaporizer specifically. The temperature should not exceed a temperature determined by the liquid to be vaporized, as otherwise harmful substances may be produced, in particular by the vaporizer falling dry.
The circuit of a vaporizer or heater can be described in simplified terms as a series circuit of electrical resistors. Elements of this series circuit comprise an electrical resistance of the vaporizer (vaporizer resistance), an internal battery resistance, and unwanted parasitic electrical resistances. The parasitic resistances are given, for example, by the following resistances: an electrical resistance belonging to the electrical control device, a current measuring resistor, an electrical resistance of the supply lines, in particular by connecting wires, copper conductive tracks and/or solder joints and, if applicable, an electrical resistance of a possible plug connection. The parasitic resistance is neither constant over time nor reproducible, since plug connections, for example, have an influence on the parasitic resistance depending on the state of aging, contamination and/or deformation which can only be measured with considerable effort.
Temperature measurement errors due to parasitic resistance can lead to overheating of the liquid to be vaporized, which can result in bubble boiling or the formation of pollutants. Because of the multiple errors due to measurement and parasitic currents, the vaporizer can be inadequately controlled by known methods.
It is the task of the invention to provide a method with which the vaporization can be effectively and reliably controlled and overheating of the liquid to be vaporized can be reliably avoided.
According to the invention, the method comprises the following steps: Taking measured values of the current applied to the vaporizer in time sequence starting from an initial point. From the initial point, a current flows through the vaporizer. Due to the current flow and the temperature-dependent electrical resistance of the vaporizer, the vaporizer heats up. Due to the heating of the vaporizer, the temperature-dependent electrical resistance of the vaporizer changes.
Advantageously, the measurement can be switched on by a demand request from a user of the inhaler, in particular by a draw on an electronic cigarette. Accordingly, the measurement may be switched off after the request is completed.
Subsequently, a transition point between a range of low vaporization and in particular to no vaporization and a range of high vaporization in particular during consumption is determined in a time-dependent current measurement series corresponding to the measured values. The transition point marks the point in time at which vaporization occurs and the vaporizer is not heated significantly further. The invention has recognized that from the transition point onward, vaporization occurs to such a high degree that little or no further heating of the vaporizer occurs. The energy provided by the current flow at the vaporizer is converted to energy for vaporization of the liquid and not, or only to a small extent, to heating of the vaporizer. Therefore, from the transition point, the temperature of the vaporizer changes to a lesser extent than at the time before the transition point. Thus, the transition point in the current measurement series can be understood as a kink in the dependence between current and measurement point or time. From the transition point, a current value Iv corresponding to the transition point is determined at which reliable vaporization takes place. To control the heating power via the current flow, a current interval [I1; I2] is defined as a function of the determined current value Iv and the current flow is controlled within the defined current interval [I1; I2]. Thus, the power of the vaporizer can be precisely controlled.
The method according to the invention has the advantage that the vaporizer temperature does not need to be known and the value of the parasitic electrical resistance in particular does not need to be determined in real time and for each individual vaporizer. With the method according to the invention, it is decisive at which respective current or heating power the vaporization occurs through the respective vaporizer. The onset of vaporization is determined on the basis of the measurement series and thus determines the heating current to be applied within the current interval [I1; I2].
Advantageously, the transition point is determined by means of a regression along the current measurement series in order to be able to determine the transition point reliably and effectively. A regression is based on a plurality of measured values, which minimizes measurement errors and/or statistical errors. The regression is advantageous compared to, for example, a finite difference method, in which only in particular two adjacent measured values are considered and thus a measurement inaccuracy has a particularly strong effect on the result.
Preferably, the transition point of at least one line of best fit and/or at least one best fit polynomial to the current measurement series is determined in order to provide a numerically effective determination of the transition point. For example, one or more lines of best fit and/or, in particular, quadratic curves of best fit at different measurement points of the measurement series can be determined by the regression. The transition point can be determined from the rises over time belonging to the lines of best fit or the curvatures belonging to the curves of best fit. The curvature can be determined in particular from a coefficient of a quadratic term of the best fit polynomial.
Preferably, the transition point is determined by a step change and/or the reaching of a threshold of the rise or slope (1st derivative) of the current measurement series in order to further improve the identification of the transition point. In an advantageous embodiment, the transition point is determined for this purpose by an extreme value of the curvature of the current measurement series.
Preferably, two successive measured values are temporally separated from each other by less than 10 ms, preferably less than 5 ms, further preferably less than 2 ms, in order to be able to resolve the transition point well in time and to be able to record an advantageous number of measured values over the duration of a draw. For this purpose, the recorded measured values are preferably recorded over at least 10%, advantageously at least 30%, further advantageously at least 50% of a draw duration.
Advantageously, the length of the current interval [I1; I2] is less than 50%, advantageously less than 25%, further advantageously less than 10% of the amount of the current value Iv, so that the heating current can be controlled as precisely as possible.
In a preferred embodiment, the lower threshold I1 and/or the upper threshold I2 are set such that the lower threshold is smaller than the current value IV and/or the current value IV is smaller than the upper threshold I2, so that the heating current can be reliably controlled around the current value IV in the current interval [I1; I2]. If the lower threshold I1 is smaller than the current value IV, dry-out of the vaporizer can be prevented because the vaporizer does not vaporize with a current between the lower threshold I1 and the current value IV, but heats the vaporizer and/or the liquid.
Preferably, the current flow through the vaporizer is pulsed, wherein the duty cycle is increased when the lower threshold I1 is reached from above and/or reduced when the upper threshold I2 is reached from below. Thus, a reduction of the input power and an extension of the runtime of a battery supplying the vaporizer with electric current can be achieved.
Advantageously, the lower threshold I1 and/or the upper threshold I2 is determined as a function of an analysis of the average squared current I{circumflex over ( )}2 over a defined time interval. If the average squared current I{circumflex over ( )}2 falls below a predetermined threshold, which can be determined, for example, from the current measurement series from a time interval after the initial point, this is to be taken as an indication of reduced contact between the vaporizer and the liquid. In this case, the lower threshold I1 and/or the upper threshold I2 should be shifted to lower currents.
Preferably, the current interval [I1; I2] and/or at least one of the thresholds I1; I2 is shifted to lower currents over time to prevent the vaporizer from running dry. The current interval [I1; I2] and/or at least one of the thresholds I1; I2 may also be adjusted to a predetermined time function to effectively control vaporization and allow for adaptation to differential distillation operations.
In an advantageous embodiment, data relating to several time-dependent current measurement series are stored in a data memory and compared with each other and/or with fixed parameters. This makes it possible to store the current measurement values and transition points accumulated during the process. An automatic analysis can, for example, analyze at which point in time the vaporization current IV was reached. If this point in time is reached later than a predefined threshold, this is an indication that the electrical resistance is too high. Furthermore, the average current square during the vaporization process can be evaluated. If this is lower than a predetermined threshold, the depletion of the liquid can be inferred.
Preferably, the ambient temperature is measured, and the current interval [I1; I2] and/or at least one of its thresholds I1, I2 is set and/or adjusted as a function of the measured ambient temperature in order to be able to take into account possible influences of the ambient temperature.
Advantageously, the control of the current flow is done by switching on and/or maintaining the current flow through the vaporizer at a current less than an upper threshold I2, or switching off the current flow through the vaporizer at a current more than a lower threshold I1, in order to be able to provide an effective control method within the current interval [I1; I2].
The invention is explained below by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. Thereby shows
Advantageously, the inhaler 10 comprises a base part 16 and a vaporizer tank unit 20 comprising a vaporizer device 1 having a vaporizer 60 controllable by the method of the invention and a liquid reservoir 18. The vaporizer tank unit may in particular be in the form of a replaceable cartridge. The liquid reservoir 18 may be refillable by the user of the inhaler 10. Air drawn through the air inlet opening 231 is directed in the air channel 30 to the at least one vaporizer 60. The vaporizer 60 is connected or connectable to the liquid reservoir 18, in which at least one liquid 50 is stored. For this purpose, a porous and/or capillary liquid-conducting element 19 is advantageously arranged at an inlet side 61 of the vaporizer 60.
An advantageous volume of the liquid reservoir 18 is in the range between 0.1 ml and 5 ml, preferably between 0.5 ml and 3 ml, further preferably between 0.7 ml and 2 ml or 1.5 ml.
The vaporizer 60 vaporizes liquid 50 supplied to the vaporizer 60 from the liquid reservoir 18 by the porous element 19 by means of capillary forces and/or stored in the porous element 19, and adds the vaporized liquid as an aerosol/vapor to the air stream 34 at an outlet side 64.
The inhaler 10 further comprises an electrical energy storage device 14 and an electronic control device 15. The energy storage device 14 is generally arranged in the base part 16 and may in particular be a disposable electrochemical battery or a rechargeable electrochemical battery, for example a lithium-ion battery. The vaporizer tank unit 20 is disposed between the energy storage device 14 and the mouth end 32. The electronic control device 15 comprises at least one digital data processing device, in particular microprocessor and/or microcontroller, in the base part 16 (as shown in
Advantageously, a sensor, for example a pressure sensor or a pressure or flow switch, is arranged in the housing 11, wherein the control device 15 can determine, based on a sensor signal output by the sensor, that a consumer is drawing on the mouth end 32 of the cigarette product 10 to inhale. In this case, the control device 15 controls the vaporizer 60 to add liquid 50 from the liquid reservoir 18 as an aerosol/vapor into the air stream 34.
The at least one vaporizer 60 is arranged in a part of the vaporizer tank unit 20 facing away from the mouth end 32. This allows for effective electrical coupling, particularly with the base part 16, and control of the vaporizer 60. Advantageously, the air stream 34 passes through an air channel 30 extending axially through the liquid reservoir 18 to the air outlet opening 24.
The liquid 50 stored in the liquid reservoir 18 to be dispensed is, for example, a mixture of 1,2-propylene glycol, glycerol, water, and preferably at least one aroma (flavor) and/or at least one active ingredient, in particular nicotine. However, the indicated components of the liquid 50 are not mandatory. In particular, aroma and/or active ingredients, in particular nicotine, may be omitted.
The vaporizer tank unit 20 is preferably connected and/or connectable to a heating current source 71 controllable by the control device 15, which is connected to the vaporizer 60 via electrical lines 25, so that an electric heating current Ih generated by the heating current source 71 flows through the vaporizer 60. Due to the ohmic resistance of the electrically conductive vaporizer 60, the current flow causes heating of the vaporizer 60 and therefore vaporization of liquid in contact with the vaporizer 60. Vapor/aerosol generated in this manner escapes from the vaporizer 60 and is mixed into the air stream 34. More precisely, upon detecting an air flow 34 through the air channel 30 caused by drawing of the consumer, the control device 15 controls the heating current source 71, wherein the liquid in contact with the vaporizer 60 is discharged in the form of vapor/aerosol by spontaneous heating.
The vaporization temperature is preferably in the range between 100° C. and 400° C., more preferably between 150° C. and 350° C., even more preferably between 190° C. and 290° C.
The vaporizer tank unit 20 is set to dispense an amount of liquid preferably in the range between 1 μl and 20 μl, further preferably between 2 μl and 10 μl, still further preferably between 3 μl and 5 μl, typically 4 μl per puff of the consumer. Preferably, the vaporizer tank unit may be adjustable with respect to the amount of liquid/vapor per puff, i.e., per puff duration from 1 s to 3 s.
Advantageously, the drive frequency of the vaporizer 60 generated by the heating current source 71 is generally in the range of 1 Hz to 50 kHz, preferably in the range of 30 Hz to 30 kHz, even more advantageously in the range of 100 Hz to 25 kHz.
Advantageously, the vaporizer 60 may be replaceable in the event of contamination, defect or depleted substrate, such that a separable electrical connection may be provided between the vaporizer 60 the base part 16. This connection can be designed as a spring pin, plug-in or screw connection, for example.
At the beginning of a draw at an initial point 110, determined for example by detecting the draw by means of a pressure sensor or determined by a consumer switching on, the vaporizer 60 is switched on and heated with a heating current. This is followed by a sequential recording in time of measured values 108 (schematically drawn as a curve in
The temporal current measurement series 100 comprises a transition point 101 recognizable as a kink, or at least a strong flattening, which is determined to be the transition point 101 as soon as vaporization starts. This is followed by a two-point control as a function of a current IV associated with the transition point 101 with the lower threshold and the upper threshold I2, wherein the current I is controlled in the current interval [I1; I2]: as soon as the determined current flow I exceeds the upper threshold I2, the current source is switched off or the current flow is reduced; as soon as the determined current flow I falls below the lower threshold I2, the current source is switched on or the current flow is increased. The difference between the upper threshold I2 and the current IV at the transition point 102 and the difference between the current IV at the transition point 102 and the lower threshold I1 is advantageously smaller than the current IV at the transition point 102, since no or only a small overtemperature should occur at the vaporizer 60 and thus only a small change in current occurs.
The advantage of the control method described above is illustrated by the lower current measurement series 200 in
Thus, for the lower current measurement series 200, there is a transition point 201 at a different current Iw, but again at the onset of vaporization. In this example, a lower threshold I1 and an upper threshold I2 can easily be selected within which the current I is controlled so that the vaporizer 60 reliably and effectively vaporizes liquid.
The method according to the invention results in a temperature error that is an order of magnitude smaller than in the case of resistive temperature determination according to the prior art. It is advantageous if the absolute value of the current interval |I2−I1| is less than 50%, advantageously less than 25%, further advantageously less than 10% of the absolute value of the current value Iv. The process does not control to a fixed temperature, but to a current corresponding to the vaporization temperature or to a temperature slightly above the vaporization temperature. Since the vaporization temperature depends on the composition of the substrate or, in particular, of the liquid, the temperature is not absolute, but the current IV leading to vaporization is determined.
Once n values are recorded, the control device 15 calculates a line of best fit 102 from the measured values 108, for example by linear regression. In this example, two different lines of best fit 102 are shown at times t1 and t2. The time course of the rise 109 of the line of best fit 102 determined in this way is shown in
The regression has the advantage that the transition point 101 can be easily localized even if the current measurement series 100 is overlaid with noise. The regression thus smoothes the rise 109 and offers an improvement over finite differences.
The rise 109 is the rise of the line of best fit 102 determined by regression on the current measurement series 100 and is plotted in vs. time t. For example, if the magnitude of the rise 109 falls below a threshold 103, it can be concluded that vaporization has begun. In this example, the transition point 101 is located where the magnitude of the slope 109 of the line of best fit 102 is less than a threshold 103 of, in this example, 0.002 A/s. The threshold 103 can be determined empirically for the vaporizer 60. From the time t0 at which the rise 109 exceeds the threshold 103, the vaporization current IV can be determined on the basis of the current measurement series 100, in this example approx. 2.6 A (compare
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2019 113 645.8 | May 2019 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/063856 | 5/18/2020 | WO | 00 |
