Claims
- 1. A process for removing undesired particles from a gas stream, comprising:
- contacting said gas stream with a plurality of liquid droplets comprising a fluid composition including liquid phosphoric acid and a liquid carrier fluid, wherein said liquid droplets have a first Sauter Mean Diameter ranging from about 20 to about 150 microns;
- maintaining, after the contacting step, at least most of the liquid phosphoric acid in the liquid droplets in the liquid phase while separating said liquid carrier fluid from said liquid droplets to reduce said liquid droplet size to a second Sauter Mean Diameter less than said first Sauter Mean Diameter; and
- thereafter collecting said undesired particles and liquid phosphoric acid on a collection surface to form an agglomerate, wherein said liquid phosphoric acid alters at least one of the undesired particle resistivity and undesired particle cohesiveness.
- 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second Sauter Mean Diameter ranges from about 1 to about 10 microns.
- 3. The process as claimed in claim 1, further comprising before said contacting step:
- contacting said fluid composition with a gas in a nozzle to atomize said fluid composition wherein in the maintaining step, all of the liquid phosphoric acid in the liquid droplets is maintained in the liquid phase.
- 4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of phosphoric acid contacted with said gas stream is sufficient to produce an amount of phosphoric acid in said gas stream ranging from about 0.5 to about 10 lb/ton of the undesired particles contained in said gas stream.
- 5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the residence time of said liquid droplets in said gas stream before said collecting step ranges from about 0.25 to about 2.00 seconds.
- 6. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fluid composition comprises an adhesive other than phosphoric acid.
- 7. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first Sauter Mean Diameter ranges from about 20 to about 100 microns.
- 8. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection surface is an electrically charged plate and the amount of phosphoric acid contacted with said gas stream is sufficient to produce an amount of phosphoric acid in said gas stream ranging from about 1.0 to about 10 lb/ton of the undesired particles contained in said gas stream.
- 9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection surface is a filtration surface and the amount of phosphoric acid contacted with said gas stream is sufficient to produce an amount of phosphoric acid in said gas stream ranging from about 0.5 to about 6.0 lb/ton of the undesired particles contained in said gas stream.
- 10. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas stream is substantially free of vaporized phosphoric acid derived from the liquid droplets.
- 11. The process claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the maintaining and the thereafter collecting steps, the gas stream is substantially free of phosphoric acid vapor.
- 12. The process claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid phosphoric acid is substantially non-vaporizable at the temperature of the gas stream.
- 13. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when the liquid phosphoric acid and undesired particles contact the collection surface, the at least most of the liquid phosphoric acid and undesired particles are separate from one another.
- 14. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when the liquid phosphoric acid and undesired particles contact the collection surface, the liquid phosphoric acid is in the liquid phase.
- 15. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid phosphoric acid is substantially free of phosphoric acid vaporization and condensation during the contacting, maintaining and thereafter collecting steps.
- 16. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection surface has a temperature greater than the dew point of water.
- 17. A process for removing undesired particles from a gas stream, comprising:
- contacting said gas stream with a plurality of droplets of liquid phosphoric acid to entrain said plurality of droplets in said gas stream, said plurality of droplets having a Sauter Mean Diameter ranging from about 1 to about 10 microns to suspend said plurality of droplets in said gas stream;
- thereafter maintaining at least most of said plurality of droplets in the liquid phase while said plurality of droplets of liquid phosphoric acid are entrained in said gas stream; and
- thereafter contacting said undesired particles and plurality of liquid phosphoric acid droplets with a filtration surface to form an agglomerate on said filtration surface wherein the filtration surface has a temperature greater than the dew point of water.
- 18. The process as claimed in claim 17, further comprising before said first contacting step:
- dispersing a plurality of droplets of a fluid composition in said gas stream, said fluid composition comprising a vaporizable carrier fluid and phosphoric acid, wherein the concentration of phosphoric acid in said fluid composition ranges from about 0.1 to about 5.0% by volume.
- 19. The process as claimed in claim 17, wherein the concentration of phosphoric acid in said gas stream ranges from about 0.5 to about 6.0 lb./ton of undesired particles.
- 20. The process as claimed in claim 17, wherein said first contacting step comprises:
- dispersing a plurality of droplets of a fluid composition having a first Sauter Mean Diameter including said liquid phosphoric acid and a carrier fluid into said gas stream; and
- maintaining, after the dispersing step, the liquid phosphoric acid in the droplets in the liquid phase while separating said carrier fluid from said droplets to reduce said droplet size to said Sauter Mean Diameter.
- 21. The process as claimed in claim 20, wherein said first Sauter Mean Diameter is more than 10 microns.
- 22. The process as claimed in claim 20, wherein said gas stream when contacted with said filtration surface is substantially free of phosphoric acid vapor derived from the droplets.
- 23. The process as claimed in claim 17, wherein, when the plurality of droplets of liquid phosphoric acid and undesired particles contact the filtration surface, the plurality of droplets of liquid phosphoric acid and undesired particles are separate from one another.
- 24. The process as claimed in claim 17, wherein the liquid phosphoric acid is substantially free of phosphoric acid vaporization and condensation during the contacting, thereafter maintaining, and thereafter contacting steps.
- 25. A process for electrically removing undesired particles from a gas stream having a temperature above a critical temperature of the undesired particles and below the dew point of liquid phosphoric acid in the gas stream, comprising:
- contacting said gas stream with a plurality of droplets of liquid phosphoric acid thereafter maintaining said plurality of liquid phosphoric acid droplets in the liquid phase; and
- thereafter collecting said undesired particles and plurality of liquid phosphoric acid droplets on a collection surface of an electrostatic precipitating device to form an agglomerate, wherein, said liquid phosphoric acid reduces the undesired particle resistivity and the collection surface has a temperature greater than the dew point of water.
- 26. The process as claimed in claim 25, further comprising before said first contacting step:
- dispersing a plurality of droplets of a fluid composition in said gas stream, said fluid composition comprises a vaporizable carrier fluid and phosphoric acid, wherein the concentration of phosphoric acid in said fluid composition ranges from about 0.1 to about 5.0% by volume.
- 27. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein said temperature is more than about 600.degree. F.
- 28. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein a sufficient amount of said phosphoric acid is contacted with said gas stream to produce an amount of phosphoric acid in said gas stream ranging from about 0.1 to about 1.0% by weight of said undesired particles contained in said gas stream.
- 29. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein said first contacting step comprises:
- dispersing a plurality of droplets of a fluid composition having a first Sauter Mean Diameter including said phosphoric acid and a carrier fluid into said gas stream; and
- maintaining, after the dispersing step, a substantial portion of the liquid phosphoric acid in the droplets in the liquid phase while separating said carrier fluid from said droplets to reduce said droplet size to said Sauter Mean Diameter.
- 30. The process as claimed in claim 29, wherein said first Sauter Mean Diameter is at least about 20 microns.
- 31. The process as claimed in claim 29, wherein said fluid composition comprises an organic adhesive.
- 32. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein the critical temperature is no less than about 350.degree. F.
- 33. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein the gas stream temperature is no less than about 450.degree. F.
- 34. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein the plurality of droplets has a Sauter Mean Diameter ranging from about 1 to about 10 microns.
- 35. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein the first contacting step comprises:
- dispersing a plurality of first droplets comprising phosphoric acid and a carrier fluid into the gas stream, the droplets having a first Sauter Mean Diameter ranging from about 20 to about 150 microns, and
- removing the carrier fluid from the first droplets to form the plurality of droplets.
- 36. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein the first contacting step comprises:
- injecting the liquid phosphoric acid into the gas stream; and
- maintaining the liquid phosphoric acid in liquid form after the injecting step.
- 37. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein the temperature is sufficient for the undesired particles to be in the volume conduction region.
- 38. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein the temperature is less than about 1,400.degree. F.
- 39. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein the gas stream, during the first collecting step, is substantially free of phosphoric acid vapor derived from the liquid droplets.
- 40. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein, when the plurality of droplets of liquid phosphoric acid and undesired particles contact the collection surface, at least most of the plurality of droplets of liquid phosphoric acid and undesired particles are discrete from one another.
- 41. The process as claimed in claim 25, wherein the liquid phosphoric acid is substantially free of phosphoric acid vaporization and condensation during the contacting and collecting steps.
- 42. A process for removing undesired particles from a gas stream, comprising:
- contacting said gas stream with a plurality of droplets comprising a fluid composition including liquid phosphoric acid;
- maintaining thereafter the liquid phosphoric acid in the plurality of droplets in the liquid phase such that the gas stream is substantially free of vaporized phosphoric acid derived from the plurality of droplets; and
- collecting said undesired particles and liquid phosphoric acid on a collection surface to form an agglomerate wherein said liquid phosphoric acid alters at least one of the undesired particle resistivity and undesired particle cohesiveness and wherein the collection surface has a temperature greater than the dew point of water.
- 43. The process as claimed in claim 42, wherein the temperature is more than the boiling point of the carrier fluid.
- 44. The process as claimed in claim 42, wherein the fluid composition comprises a carrier fluid and the plurality of droplets have a first Sauter Mean Diameter in the contacting step and a second Sauter Mean Diameter after the maintaining step and the First Sauter Mean Diameter ranges from about 20 to about 150 microns and the Second Sauter Mean Diameter ranges from about 1 to about 10 microns.
- 45. The process as claimed in claim 42, wherein, when said liquid phosphoric acid and undesired particles contact the collection surface, at least most of the liquid phosphoric acid is separated from the undesired particles.
- 46. The process as claimed in claim 42, wherein the liquid phosphoric acid is substantially free of phosphoric acid vaporization and condensation during the maintaining and collecting steps.
- 47. A process of removing undesired particles from a gas stream, comprising:
- contacting a gas stream containing undesired particles with a plurality of droplets comprising a liquid phosphorous-containing additive for altering at least one of the undesired particle resistivity and undesired particle cohesiveness;
- maintaining, after the contacting step, at least most of the liquid phosphorous-containing additive in the plurality of droplets in the liquid phase; and
- collecting said undesired particles and liquid phosphorous-containing additive in the liquid phase on a collection surface to form an agglomerate wherein the collection surface has a temperature greater than the dew point of water and the liquid phosphorous-containing additive is substantially free of vaporization and condensation during the maintaining and collecting steps.
- 48. The process claimed in claim 47, wherein the droplets comprise a carrier fluid and have a first Sauter Mean Diameter in the contacting step and a second Sauter Mean Diameter in the collecting step and wherein the maintaining step comprises separating the carrier fluid from the droplets to reduce the droplet size to the second Sauter Mean Diameter that is less than the first Sauter Mean Diameter.
- 49. The process claimed in claim 48, wherein the first Sauter Mean Diameter ranges from about 20 to about 150 microns.
- 50. The process claimed in claim 48, wherein the second Sauter Mean Diameter ranges from about 1 to about 10 microns.
- 51. The process claimed in claim 47, wherein the liquid additive is phosphoric acid.
- 52. The process claimed in claim 47, wherein the collection surface has a temperature greater than the dew point of water.
- 53. The process as claimed in claim 47, wherein, when the liquid phosphorus-containing additive and undesired particles collect on the collection surface, at least most of the liquid phosphorus-containing additive is separate from the undesired particles.
- 54. A process for removing undesired particles from a gas stream, comprising:
- contacting said gas stream with a plurality of droplets comprising a fluid composition including liquid phosphoric acid and a carrier fluid, wherein said plurality of droplets have a first Sauter Mean Diameter of more than about 20 microns;
- vaporizing said carrier fluid from said plurality of droplets to reduce said droplet size to a second Sauter Mean Diameter of no more than about 10 microns while maintaining at least most of the liquid phosphoric acid in the liquid phase; and
- contacting said undesired particles and liquid phosphoric acid in the liquid phase on a collection surface to form an agglomerate, wherein the liquid phosphoric acid is substantially free of phosphoric acid vaporization and condensation during the vaporizing and contacting steps, wherein the collection surface has a temperature greater than the dew point of water, wherein, upon contact of the liquid phosphoric acid and undesired particles with the collection surface, at least most of the liquid phosphoric acid and undesired particles are free from contact with one another and wherein said liquid phosphoric acid alters at least one of the undesired particle resistivity and undesired particle cohesiveness.
Parent Case Info
The present application is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 08/483,076 (now abandoned), filed on Jun. 7, 1995, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/097,455 for "Method and Apparatus for Decreased Undesired Particle Emissions in Gas Streams", filed Jul. 26, 1993, incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety.
Government Interests
This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. DE-FG02-93ER881500 awarded by the Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in this invention.
US Referenced Citations (49)
Foreign Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Date |
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1102109 |
Mar 1961 |
DEX |
Non-Patent Literature Citations (1)
Entry |
Krigmont, Coe, Miller and Laudal; "Enhanced ESP Fine Particle Control by Flue Gas Conditioning" EPRI Ninth Particulate Control Symposium, Oct. 15-18, 1991, pp. 1-21. |
Continuations (1)
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483076 |
Jun 1995 |
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Continuation in Parts (1)
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97455 |
Jul 1993 |
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