Patent Application
20090268641
This invention relates generally to wireless communication networks, and more particularly to FDD group-switching in Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access networks.
Draft 4 of the IEEE 802.16 Rev 2 standard specifies a Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) frame structure and a FDD signaling mode for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks. In the FDD mode, the transmitter and receiver can operate in two different frequency bands. This enables a base station (BS) to concurrently communicate with different mobile stations (MSs) in an uplink (UL) and a downlink (DL).
Typically, the BS operates in full-duplex mode. The MS can operate in half-duplex or full-duplex mode. To operate in full-duplex, the MS need to be able to transmit and receive at the same time. This increase cost and complexity.
The WiMAX network partitions the MSs into two FDD groups, e.g. group 1 and group 2. Within each orthogonal division multiple access (OFDMA) frame, MS1 in group 1 participates first in the DL1 transmission and then in the UL1 transmissions, while the MS2 in group 2 participates first in the UL2 and then in the DL2 transmissions in a frame 101. UL1 and UL2 transmissions use the same frequency band, while DL1 and DL2 transmissions use the same frequency band that is different from UL transmissions.
Network parameters are defined to enable the MSs to acquire the time intervals for their respective UL and DL transmissions. The durations, in units of OFDMA symbols, of the UL and DL sub-frames are specified in the MAP regions of the FDD groups.
The BS indicates structure of the frames for both groups. The structure includes a size of DL1 of the current (nth) frame using the “No. of OFDMA symbols” field in DL-MAP1. The same field in the DL-MAP2 indicates A size of DL2 of the next frame. For the UL, the BS indicates, in the “No. OFDMA symbols” in UL-MAP1 and UL-MAP2, A size of UL1 of the next frame and A size of UL2 of the next-next (n+2) frame respectively.
For reasons such as load balancing, the standard enables the BS to request a MS in a specific FDD group to switch to another group.
The following describes the conventional operation for switching the MS from group 1 to 2, and vice versa, respectively. Specifically, after the MS receives a group switch request in frame n, the MS switches to the new group and decode the downlink sub-frame in frame n+H-FDD_Group_Switch_Delay+m, where m denotes the current group number, and H-FDD_Group_Switch_Delay is either specified in the UL Channel Descriptor (UCD), or it defaults to H-ARQ ACK Delay. Furthermore, the BS can request the MS to explicitly acknowledge (ACK) a group switch instruction, in which case the BS assigns a one-time Channel Quality Information Channel (CQICH) for the acknowledgement. In response to receiving the ACK the BS switches immediately.
The mechanisms for frame structure signaling and group switching potentially lead to a problem that is difficult to handle as shown in
Specifically, MS1 receives the request 121 to switch groups in the DL1 of frame n. If the BS request a switching acknowledgement (ACK) 122 and H-FDD_Group_Switch_Delay is equal to H-ARQ ACK Delay as specified by the current standard, then the group switching ACK 122 is transmitted in the UL1 at frame n+1. In the same frame, the BS transmits in the structure for the DL2 and UL2 for subsequent frames n+2 and n+3, respectively. However, if the MS cannot transmit and receive at the same time, it cannot decode 202 this sub-frame (X) 201, and after the switch 110 structure of the frames for the new group, i.e., the size of the DL2/UL2 sub-frame, is unknown 250 to the MS.
The similar problem occurs when a MS switches from group 2 to 1 as shown in
Therefore, there is a need to enable group switching without having the MS to transmit and receive concurrently. Up to now the standard committees including representatives from many communication companies have been unable to solve this problem because a solution is not obvious.
The embodiments of the invention define group switching protocols that solve the above problem when mobile stations (MSs) switch groups in a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) network. The idea is to define the timing of a group switching protocol in such a way that the MS only needs to transmit or receive at a given time. That is operations in the network are semi-duplex where the BS operates in full-duplex and the MS operates in half-duplex.
The embodiments of the invention also define several example implementations that achieve the goal of semi-duplex operation in group switching protocols. One embodiment uses advance signaling of frame structures, i.e., sub-frame size and MAP information of the new FDD group, while the MS is still in the current group, and the second embodiment uses an additional frame for MAP scanning in the new group.
The embodiments of the invention provide group switching methods for WiMAX that eliminate the need to receive at one frequency band, while the MS is transmitting at another frequency band during an FDD group switching operation.
One method uses idle frames to facilitate FDD group switching, and enables the MS to obtain a new frame structure for the new group, i.e., UL/DL sub-frame sizes, and/or locations of its DL/UL data traffic during FDD group switching. The method specifies structural information for the new group while the MS is associated with the current group.
The embodiments of our invention provide a method for switching a mobile station (MS) between Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) groups in a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) network. In the following, we describe two specific embodiments that achieve this goal. However, the fundamental principle is not limited to these example embodiments.
As shown in
Method 1: Advanced Signaling of Subframe Size and MAP Information of the New FDD Group While the MS is Still in the Current Group
Before the MS transmits or receives data traffic in the new FDD group, structural information. The structural information can include the start of the DL MAP, the UL sub-frame size, the DL sub-frame size, the UL region for data, and the DL region for data.
This information can be transmitted by:
Adding information to the group switch request message;
Allowing the UL-MAP and DL-MAP message transmitted in a particular FDD group to contain information regarding a new UL/DL sub-frame size of another FDD group;
Using a MAP message to communicate any or all of the above information to the MS, while the MS is still in the current FDD group.
The groups switching can then be acknowledges by the MS, if so requested by the BS.
Some examples of our protocols are shown in
The information regarding the frame structure can be incorporated by modifying the HFDD_Group_Switch_IE defined in Table 361, Sec 8.4.5.3.28, of 802.16 Rev 2 of Draft 4 of the IEEE 802.16 Rev 2 standard. Changes in the Table are italicized, bolded and underlined.
An example for allowing a DL or UL MAP to communication information regarding the future location of DL/UL traffic in another FDD group adds an additional field to all relevant DL_MAP_IE and UL_MAP_IE.
Method 2: Additional Frame for MAP Scanning in the New Group
Between the frame when the BS sends a group switch request 121 to the MS and the frame where the MS transmits or receives data traffic in the new FDD group, one or more idle frames 501 are transmitted by the BS where no data traffic is transmitted or received by the MS.
During the idle frame(s), the MS can perform any of the following:
MS determines a start position of the DL MAP in the new group;
MS determines the MAP information at a specific location in the DL sub-frame;
MS decodes DL MAP;
MS obtains UL sub-frame size of a frame in the MAP for the new group;
MS obtains DL sub-frame size of a frame in the MAP for the new group;
MS obtains UL region for its data at a future frame;
MS obtains DL region for its data at a future frame;
Because the difference between FDD_Group_Switch_Delay and H-ARQ ACK Delay, which determines the frame at which the MS sends the group switch acknowledge 122, is the number of idle frames 501, i.e.,
FDD_Group_Switch_Delay>H-ARQ ACK Delay.
Conventionally, the default value is
H-FDD Group Switching Delay=H-ARQ ACK Delay.
We change this to
H-FDD Group Switching Delay=H-ARQ ACK Delay+1.
Some examples of our protocols are shown in
As described above, we set
H-ARQ ACK Delay=1, and
H-FDD Group Switching Delay=2.
The MS receives a group switch request 121 during frame n. A group switching ACK is requested in the DL of frame n+1.
Then, if the MS is requested to switch from group 1 to group 2, as shown in
It should be noted that the switching from group 2 to group 1 is identical to switching from group 1 to group 2, but for a delay of one sub-frame and substituting DL2 and UL2 for DL1 and DL 2, respectively. Therefore, a description of switching group 1 to group makes the switching from group 2 to group 1 obvious.
During frame n+2, there is neither uplink nor downlink data traffic because the MS might not know the size of DL2. Therefore, the MS scans for the beginning of the DL2 sub-frame.
Alternatively, the structural information of the MS in transition can be transmitted at a dedicated location 128 in the DL2 sub-frame. For example, the MAP information can be located at the end of the DL2 sub-frame, see
During frame n+3 after the switch 110, the MS receives its first DL2 data traffic 124 in the new group. During frame n+4, the MS transmits its first UL2 data traffic 125 in the new group.
If the MS is requested to switch from group 2 to group 1, as shown in
During the idle frame n+3 501, there is neither uplink nor downlink data traffic. The MS decodes 123 the MAP in DL1, and obtains the size of the UL1 and the region for its UL data traffic at frame n+4. During frame n+4, the MS receives 124 and transmits 125 its first DL and UL data traffic in the new group.
Although the invention has been described by way of examples of preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that various other adaptations and modifications can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
