Patent Application
20190040037
The object of the invention relates to a new, cost-effective, productive method for the production of the pharmaceutical active substance pomalidomide that can be also implemented at industrial scales, via an intermediate that is not known from the literature to date.
With respect to the present invention the state of the art is presented in relation to the following structure 1 (RS)-4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione, with international non-proprietary name pomalidomide.
The pomalidomide free base is marketed as the “Form A” disclosed in international patent publication document number WO 2013126326.
It is known that due to it inhibiting angiogenesis and cell growth pomalidomide may be used to good effect in multiple myeloma (plasma cell myeloma) therapy, but human studies are also underway in connection with the treatment of other cancer diseases (myelofibrosis).
Pomalidomide was first described in United States of America patent with disclosure number U.S. Pat. No. 5,635,517. On the basis of the disclosed examples the steps of the method used are summarised in the following reaction scheme 1.
International patent publication document number WO 2002064083 deals with the production of the optically active (R and S) forms of the pomalidomide base. The S-isomer is obtained with the method detailed in reaction scheme 2.
Disregarding the production of the cyclic glutarimide derivative, the method reaches the optically active derivatives in two steps, using the same pathway as that described in the basic patent. The product, assuming 100% quantitative yield of the formula 8 intermediate (3-nitro-thalidomide), is produced at 85% yield and 85% HPLC purity and is characterised by melting point and 1H-NMR data.
The R-isomer is obtained using a similar method, and using the appropriate D-glutamine, however the total yield and HPLC purity of the latter product are not stated in the application.
US patent application number US 2006160854 also deals with the production of the optically active (R and S) forms of the pomalidomide base. The S-isomer is obtained with the method detailed in reaction scheme 3.
The method contains numerous steps that are not preferable from the point of view of pharmaceutical industry upscaling (chromatography, long reaction time, low temperature). Using the five steps of the reaction series the active S-isomer is produced with 15% total yield and with 98.77% HPLC purity. In addition to this the product is characterised by melting point, chiral HPLC, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and element analysis data.
When producing the R-isomer using a similar method, and the appropriate D-glutamine, the final product is obtained with a total yield of 22% at an HPLC purity level of 99.68%.
US application number US 20070004920 discusses numerous further pomalidomide production methods. Reaction scheme 4 provides an overview of these methods, the reaction arrows also show the example serial number according to the patent application.
A total of four pomalidomide synthesis pathways can be derived from the described examples, of which two lead to the racemic product, and two others each lead to the optically active S and R isomers. The authors also disclose a recrystallization step for the purification of the raw product obtained in the above methods.
The first reaction pathway implemented at the kilogram-scale (example series 1, 2, 3, reaction series 2→14→16→1, without recrystallization) provides the racemic product in three steps, with low, 6% yield and 99.57% purity. In addition the product was characterised by melting point, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and element analysis.
The synthesis series used for the production of the optically active S-isomer (example series 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, reaction series 10→11→13→14→8→1) provides the product in five steps with a total yield of 17% and 98.77% HPLC purity. In addition the product was characterised by melting point, chiral HPLC, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and element analysis data.
Only the synthesis of the S-isomer can be seen in the illustrative reaction scheme, the production of its enantiomer takes place analogously using D-glutamine (example series 4, 9, 10, 11, 12 in the application), which results in the R-isomer in five steps, with 22% yield and 97.48% HPLC purity. In addition the product was characterised by melting point, chiral HPLC, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and element analysis data.
The last reaction pathway resulting in the racemic product reaches the final product in one step. One of the initial substances of the method, 3-aminophthalic acid hydrochloride, (17, reaction scheme 4) has only limited commercial availability, and as compared to the components forming the subject of the present application its price is nearly an order of magnitude higher. The authors mention several versions for the production of the product from this latter component (examples 13, 14, 15, 16), among which one (example 13, reaction 17→1) involves the processing of the reaction mixture and the isolation of the product. The yield relating to the isolated, raw product is 84%, concluding from the examples (example 17) this is recrystallized at a yield level of 98% and is characterised by melting point. Neither the raw product nor the recrystallized product are analytically classified, therefore it does not turn out why the recrystallization was necessary nor whether the product obtained after this complies with the requirements set down in the pharmacopoeia.
Methods used in the pharmaceuticals industry must meet numerous requirements. The active substances obtained via the method must have the purity specified in the ICH guidelines, i.e. the amount of the contaminant components of unknown structure may not exceed 0.10%, the amount of non-toxic contaminants, and contaminants of known structure may not exceed 0.15%, and the amounts of inorganic substances, heavy metals, solvent residues may not exceed the prescribed limit values either. In addition to this every single step of the technology used must be simple to implement, reproducible from the point of view of product/intermediate quality/quantity, upscalable and, last but not least, cost effective. Accordingly, effective methods typically do not include complete solvent removal, lyophilisation, chromatography or other low-yield and costly operations.
The objective of the elaboration of the invention is the production of the commercially available form of pomalidomide (Form A) using a novel method that provides the isolated product at a high level of purity, at the same yield level as that stated in the literature, or higher and that is reproducible and may be used at the industrial scale in a cost-effective way. The prior art does not include such a solution.
As a result of our efforts according to the objective of the invention, the general formula 20 compound group was produced as novel compounds, the general structural formula of which is the following:
The object of the invention also relates to the production method of the compound of general formula 20.
The object of the invention also relates to a method for the production of formula 1 pomalidomide or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and cocrystals using the compound of general formula 20.
Accordingly the object of the invention relates to a method for the production of the pomalidomide pharmaceutical active substance in a novel, productive way that may also be implemented at industrial scales via a novel intermediate not known of to date from the literature.
1. Therefore the object of the invention relates to the compound of general formula 20, where in the formula R means
2. The object of the invention also relates to the compound of general formula 20, where R means a 1-6 carbon atom straight or branched chain, saturated, or partially or completely unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or benzyl group, more preferably a methyl, ethyl or benzyl group, especially preferably an ethyl group.
3. The object of the invention also relates to a method for the production of compound 20, where compound 18 or its acid addition salt is reacted with compound 19 in the presence of a base; or a metal salt of compound 18 is reacted with compound 19 optionally in the presence of a base, optionally in a further solvent at a temperature between (−20)-50° C., preferably between 0-25° C., especially preferably between 0-5° C., where in compound 19 R means
4. The object of the invention also relates to a method for the production of compound 20, where in formula 19 R preferably means a 1-6 carbon atom straight or branched chain saturated or partially or completely unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or benzyl group, preferably a methyl, ethyl or benzyl group, especially preferably an ethyl group.
5. The object of the invention also relates to a method for the production of compound 20, where the base used is pyridine or a derivative of it, or an aliphatic amine, within this a straight or branched chain, ring tertiary or secondary amine, or salts of alkali metals formed with organic acids, preferably pyridine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, morpholine, Na-acetate, diazabicyclooctane, especially preferably triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine.
6. The object of the invention also relates to a method for the production of formula 1 pomalidomide or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and cocrystals, where the general formula compound 20 is reacted with glutamine, its open chain or cyclic derivative or the metal salt of any of these, preferably with compound 3 or its metal salt, optionally in the presence of an acid binder; or glutamine, with its acid addition salt of an open chain or cyclic derivative, preferably with the acid addition salt of compound 3, in the presence of an acid binder, optionally in further solvent and then recrystallized as necessary.
7. The object of the invention also relates to a method for the production of pomalidomide, where the compound of general formula 20 is reacted with the hydrochloride salt of compound 3.
8. The object of the invention also relates to a method for the production of pomalidomide, where the acid binder used is pyridine or its derivative, or an aliphatic amine, within this a straight or branched chain, cyclic tertiary or secondary amine, or a salt of alkali metals formed with organic acids, preferably pyridine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, morpholine, Na-acetate, especially preferably triethylamine or Na-acetate.
In the context of the present invention the following expressions have been used with the following meanings.
Aryl group: a functional group derivable from a simple aromatic ring.
Salts of compound 18: the metal salt of compound 18 formed with potassium.
Benzyl group substituents: the substituents are not especially limited, however 4-nitro and 2-chloro-benzyl compounds are highlighted.
Glutamine derivatives: the derivatives of glutamine are not especially limited, suitable derivatives may be, for example, isoglutamine, t-butyl glutamate or benzyl glutamate.
The object of our invention primarily relates to the compound group of general formula 20, where in the formula R means
During the production method of compound 20 according to the invention compound 18 or its salt is reacted with compound 19 in the presence of a base, optionally in a further solvent, at a temperature between (−20)-50° C., preferably between 0-25° C., especially preferably between 0-5° C., where in compound 19 R means
In formula 19 R means preferably a 1-6 carbon atom straight or branched chain saturated or partially or completely unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or benzyl group, more preferably a methyl, ethyl or benzyl group, especially preferably an ethyl group.
The base used is pyridine or a derivative of it, or an aliphatic amine, within this a straight or branched chain, cyclic tertiary or secondary amine, or salts of alkali metals formed with organic acids, preferably pyridine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, morpholine, Na-acetate, diazabicyclooctane, especially preferably triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine
The solvent used is not especially limited, a suitable solvent is ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, DMSO, DMF, preferably acetone or acetonitrile, especially preferably acetonitrile.
Compound 18 is a known, commercially available compound. Its structure contains an aniline-type NH2 group (pKa=˜25) displaying the character of a base and an NH group (pKa=8-9) displaying the character of an acid amide.
It was surprising to experience that using the synthesis pathway developed by us (reaction scheme 5), under the reaction conditions used, compound 18 may be easily transformed into compound 20, with good yield and high purity, while the basic, relatively more reactive NH2 group remains intact in spite of the strong acylation agents (chloroformate esters) used and the proportion of the products 21 and 22 (reaction scheme 6) expected by a person skilled in the art does not reach 0.10% (HPLC) in product 20.
The compound 20 according to the invention may be used as an intermediate for the production of pomalidomide 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and cocrystals. Accordingly, the subject of the invention relates to a method for the production of formula 1 pomalidomide. During the method the compound of general formula 20 is reacted with glutamine, its open chain or cyclic derivative or the metal salt of any of these, preferably with compound 3 or its metal salt, optionally in the presence of an acid binder; or glutamin, with an acid addition salt of an open chain or cyclic derivative of it, preferably with the acid addition salt of compound 3, especially preferably with its hydrochloride salt, in the presence of am acid binder, optionally in further solvent.
During the reaction the acid binder used is pyridine or its derivative, or an aliphatic amine, within this a straight or branched chain, cyclic tertiary or secondary amine, or a salt of alkali metals formed with organic acids, preferably pyridine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, morpholine, Na-acetate, especially preferably triethylamine or Na-acetate.
The solvent used is not particularly limited, a suitable solvent may be a 1-4 carbon atom aliphatic alcohol, a 1-5 carbon atom straight chain or cyclic ether, a 1-5 carbon atom straight or brached chain ketone, a 1-6 carbon atom ester, acetonitrile, DMSO, DMF, water, or a mixture of these solvents, preferably methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, 2-propanol, THF, acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, DMSO, DMF, more preferably DMF or acetonitrile, especially preferably acetonitrile. The selection of the appropriate solvent belongs to the compulsory knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
The temperature used is between 0° C. and the reflux temperature, preferably between 50° C. and the reflux temperature.
In summary the method according to reaction scheme 8 presents the realisation of the objective of the invention:
In summary it was surprising to experience that the novel synthesis pathway progressing through the novel intermediate according to the present application is preferable to (more effective and economic than) the reaction pathways known of in the literature. The yield relating to the production of compound 20 is 90.3%, which is coupled with an HPLC purity level of 99.70%. These same data for the raw, isolated pomalidomide of formula 1 are a yield of 96.6% and an HPLC purity level of 99.90%, which easily complies with pharmaceutical industry prescriptions. Accordingly the total yield from the two reaction steps is 87.2%, which result in well characterised pomalidomide Form A product with excellent purity values.
There is a frequent demand in pharmaceutical industry active substance production for the end product to have been subjected to filtering, for the purpose of removing any mechanical contaminants, and, via this, recrystallization. With the recrystallization described in the present application the purity of the end product pomalidomide may be increased further, which involves a slight drop in total yield (84.9%). From a crystal structure point of view the recrystallized end product is identical to the Form A described in international publication document number WO 2013126326.
The invention makes it possible to produce a pharmaceutical preparation containing a therapeutically effective amount of pomalidomide (1) produced with the method according to the invention, optionally with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention also makes it possible to use the pomalidomide or its salts produced according to the invention as a medicine, or to use them for the production of a pharmaceutical preparation.
The pharmaceutical preparations containing the pomalidomide produced using the method according to the invention are preferably administered orally. Preparations that maybe administered orally include, for example, tablets, capsule, dragées, solutions, elixirs, suspensions or emulsions.
The pharmaceutical preparations containing the pomalidomide produced with the method according to the invention may contain the usual pharmaceutical carrier materials and/or excipients. Carriers include, for example, magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatine, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, low melting point wax, PEG, cocoa butter, etc. In the case of capsules it is frequently the material of the capsule that serves as the carrier and so in such a case there is no need for a separate carrier. Orally administered preparations also include sachets and lozenges. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, sachets and lozenges are especially suitable solid preparation forms.
The tablets may be produced by mixing the active substance with carrier materials with suitable characteristics in the appropriate ratio, and by pressing the desired shape and size tablets from the mixture.
Powders are produced by mixing the finely powdered active substance with finely powdered carrier material. Liquid preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions, from which, optionally, the active substance is released in a delayed way. Aqueous and aqueous propylene glycol solutions are preferable. Liquid preparations serving for parenteral administration may be preferably produced in the form of a propylene glycol solution.
The medical preparations containing the pomalidomide produced with the method according to the invention are preferably produced in the form of dose units. The dose units contain the desired amount of active substance. The dose units may be distributed in a packaged form, which contains separated amounts of the preparations (e.g. packaged tablets, capsules, powder in vials or ampules). The dose unit relates to the capsule, the tablet, sachet, lozenge as well as to the packaging containing a sufficient number of unit doses.
The invention also makes it possible to produce the above pharmaceutical preparations in such a way that the pomalidomide or one of its salts or a mixture of these produced according to the invention is mixed with pharmaceutically suitable solid or liquid diluents and/or excipients, and the mixture is placed into a galenic form.
The medical preparations mentioned above may be produced using the usual methods of pharmaceutical production. If necessary, these medical preparations may also contain further pharmaceutical active substances with the compounds or a mixture of compounds according to the invention.
The pomalidomide or any of its salts produced with the method according to the invention may be used for the production of a pharmaceutical preparation serving for the treatment of cancer diseases.
The pomalidomide or any of its salts produced according to the invention may therefore be used in the treatment of cancer diseases. The cancer disease may be, among others, multiple myeloma.
Further details of the solution according to the invention are presented in the following examples without restricting the scope of protection of the invention to these examples.
The following instruments, settings and methods were used in order to characterise the components obtained in the examples.
Device: PANalytical Empyrean X-ray powder diffractometer
Measurement mode: Transmission
Type: Empyrean Long Fine Focus High Resolution tube
Anode: Cu
Wavelength: Kα (1.541874 Å)
Focussing: line focus
Divergence slit: Fixed slit ½°
Mirror: Elliptic focussing mirror
Soller slit: 0.04 rad
Diffusion inhibitor slit: Fixed slit ½°
Diffusion inhibitor slit: Programmable slit, in fixed mode: ½°
Soller slit: 0.04 rad
Type: Reflection-transmission spinner stage
Sample rotation rate: 1 rps
Beam knife: Transmission
Type: PIXcel 3D 1×1 area detector
Detecting mode: Scanning line detector (1D) operation mode
Active length: 3.3473°
Sample preparation: unpulverised samples placed between Mylar sheets
Temperature: room temperature
Accelerating voltage: 45 kV
Anode current: 40 mA
Recording type: continuous (0/0) scanning
Measurement range: 2.0000-34.9964° 20
Step gap: 0.0131° 20
Counts measurement time: 109.650 s
Number of measurement cycles: 1
Measurement time: −20 minutes
The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded in a DMSO-d6 solvent, using a Bruker Avance III (400 MHz in the case of 1H-NMR and approximately 100 MHz in the case of 13C-NMR) spectrometer in the presence of TMS, as internal standard.
60.0 g (370.0 mmol) of 3-aminophthalimide (18), 900 cm3 of acetonitrile, 93.6 g (925.0 mmol) triethylamine are measured into a 2000 cm3 round-bottomed flask, then the suspension obtained in this way is cooled to 0° C. While stirring a solution made of 60.23 g (555.0 mmol) of ethyl chloroformate (19, R=Et) with 120 cm3 of acetonitrile is added over the course of 60 minutes, whilst maintaining the temperature between 0-5° C. the stirring is continued at this temperature for 1 to 2 hours. The reaction mixture is left to warm up to room temperature and the stirring is continued for 1 hour. Using a vacuum the reaction mixture is concentrated to 200 cm3, then a solution of 3.0 cm3 cc. hydrochloric acid made with 900 cm3 of distilled water is added to it. The suspension is again cooled to 0 to 5° C. and then stirred at this temperature for 30 to 60 minutes. The crystalline product is filtered, washed with 2×120 cm3 of solvent mixture (acetonitrile/water=1/4), then dried in a vacuum at 50° C. until constant weight is achieved. In this way 78.28 g (90.3%) of the product according to the title is obtained, which is taken to the next reaction without purification.
Mp.: 158-159° C.
IR (KBr): 3457, 3355, 1783, 1758, 1640, 1169 cm−1.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): 6=7.52 (m, 1H), 7.06 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 6.72 (b, 2H), 4.33 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.32 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H) ppm.
HPLC: Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18; 2.1×50 mm; 1.7 μm; 0.5 mL/min; 225 nm; 10/90 CH3CN/0.1% HClO4(aq); 1.90 min (99.70%).
40.0 g (170.8 mmol) of ethyl 4-amino-1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate, 800 cm3 of acetonitrile, 28.4 g (342.0 mmol) of anhydrous sodium acetate, 28.1 g (170.7 mmol) of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione are measured into a 1000 cm3 round-bottomed flask, then the suspension obtained in this way is heated to reflux temperature. The stirring is continued at unchanged temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture is concentrated to about 40 cm3 at 40° C. with the help of a vacuum. 800 cm3 of distilled water is added to the concentrated residue, which is then stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. (The water may also be added at an earlier stage.) Following this the crystalline product is filtered, washed with 2×400 cm3 of distilled water, then dried at 50° C. in a vacuum until constant weight is achieved. In this way 45.10 g (96.6%) of the product according to the title is obtained.
Mp.: 314-315° C. (decomposes)
IR (KBr): 3481, 3378, 3248, 1752, 1703, 1635, 1362, 1197 cm−1.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): 6=11.10 (b, 1H), 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.02 (m, 1H), 7.00 (m, 1H), 5.06 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 1H) ppm.
HPLC: Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18; 2.1×50 mm; 1.7 μm; 0.5 mL/min; 225 nm; 10/90 CH3CN/0.1% HClO4 (aq); 1.38 min (99.90%).
38.0 g (139.1 mmol) of the 4-amino-2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione produced according to example 2 and 190 cm3 of DMSO is measured into a 2000 cm3-round-bottomed flask, then the suspension obtained in this way is heated to 50° C. and stirred at this temperature until completely dissolved. 190 cm3 of acetone is added to the clear solution, then the mixture is cooled to room temperature, filtered if necessary, and 760 cm3 of distilled water is added over the course of 30 minutes. The suspension created is cooled to 0 to 5° C. and then stirred for 30 to 60 minutes. The crystalline product is filtered cold, washed with 100 cm3 of acetone, then dried in a vacuum at 50° C. until constant weight is achieved. In this way 36.97 g (97.3%) of the Form A product according to the title is obtained.
Mp.: 316-318° C. (decomposes)
IR (KBr): 3481, 3378, 3248, 1752, 1703, 1635, 1362, 1197 cm−1.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): 6=11.10 (b, 1H), 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.02 (m, 1H), 7.00 (m, 1H), 5.06 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 1H) ppm.
HPLC: Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18; 2.1×50 mm; 1.7 μm; 0.5 mL/min; 225 nm; 10/90 CH3CN/0.1% HClO4 (aq); 1.38 min (99.95%).
XRPD: The x-ray powder diffractogram of the sample may be seen in annex 1, which correlates to the Form A described in international application number WO2013126326.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| P1600058 | Feb 2016 | HU | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/HU2017/050002 | 1/19/2017 | WO | 00 |
