Method for the production of solid formulations of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate

Abstract

Solid formulations of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate are produced by the hydrolysis of 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxetanone with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give a solution of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate and the solution obtained thus is absorbed onto synthetic silicic acid. Said formulations are lightly hygroscopic and easily handled.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a process for preparing solid formulations of the sodium salt of 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid (β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, HMB) of the formula 1

[0002] 3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid is an active compound which is used as a medicament and food additive for humans and animals, for example for lowering blood cholesterol (WO-A-94/06417) or for decreasing nitrogen excretion, in particular in the case of ill and/or elderly humans (WO-A-94/14429). Customarily it is not the free acid which is used for this, but a physiologically acceptable salt, for example the calcium salt. For economic reasons, in particular for applications in animal nutrition or veterinary medicine, it would be desirable also to be able to use the sodium salt. Although this has been mentioned repeatedly in the literature, no industrial process for its preparation in solid form has been described and it has been found that it is not storage-stable and is hygroscopic and is therefore difficult to process.

[0003] It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a simple and economic process for preparing a storage-stable solid (pulverulent) low-hygroscopic form of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate.

[0004] This object is achieved according to the invention by the process as claimed in claim 1.

[0005] It has been found that a solution of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate which is obtainable by hydrolyzing 4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one with aqueous sodium hydroxide, if appropriate after concentration, by application to synthetic silica and, if appropriate, subsequent drying, can be brought into a low-hygroscopic, free-flowing and readily handleable form.

[0006] Suitable synthetic silicas are, in particular, the commercially conventional precipitated silicas as are obtainable commercially, for example, from Degussa under the name Sipernat®. Preferably, the solution of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate is brought to a concentration of at least 50% by weight, particularly preferably from 70 to 80% by weight, by distilling off water under reduced pressure. At the last-mentioned concentrations, the solution is expediently kept at a temperature of 60-65° C. to prevent crystallization. The concentration can be performed on a laboratory scale, for example in a conventional distillation apparatus, or on an industrial scale, for example in a thin-film evaporator. However, it is also possible to use directly the solutions occurring in the synthesis having contents of, for example, from 20 to 30% by weight.

[0007] Application of the solution of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate can be performed in a conventional mixing apparatus, preferably for this a gentle mixer type is used, for example a drum mixer, plowshare mixer or cone mixer, a spray mixer or a (slow) intensive mixer. Too vigorous a mixing process can, surprisingly, lead to lump formation.

[0008] Preferably, the application is performed in such a manner that the synthetic silica is introduced first and the solution of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate is added.

[0009] To decrease the water content in the finished product, the finished product can be dried in a manner known per se. However, even without drying, even at water contents of up to 30% by weight, products which are still free-flowing and outwardly dry are obtained.

[0010] For further improvement of the flowability, if appropriate, hydrophobic silicas (for example Sipernat® D17) or another flow improver can be added to the product prepared according to the invention. In this case, for example, amounts of from 0.2 to 0.4% by weight, based on the dry matter, of hydrophobic silica can be added towards the end of the mixing process and can be mixed in for a short time (for example 30 min).

[0011] The solid compositions obtainable by the inventive process, which compositions contain sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate and synthetic silica, are likewise subject-matter of the invention.

[0012] Preferably, the inventive compositions comprise at least 25% by weight of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate, particularly preferably from 25 to 50% by weight, based on the dry matter.

[0013] The following examples illustrate the procedure of the invention without a restriction to be seen therein.

EXAMPLE 1

Preparation of a Solution of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate

[0014] A solution of sodium hydroxide (127.3 g; 3.15 mol) in water (1.5 l) was cooled to 0° C. Then, crude 4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one (=β-isovalerolactone; 336.7 g; 3 mol; obtained by reacting ketene with acetone) was added dropwise in the course of approximately 2¼ h with vigorous stirring, with the temperature being kept from 1.5 to 2° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for a further 15 min at 0° C. and then heated for a further 40 min at 22° C. Then 415 g of water were distilled off at 300 mbar in the course of approximately 3 h. In this manner 1533 g of a solution containing approximately 27.5% by weight of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate were obtained.

EXAMPLE 2

Preparation of the Solid Formulation

[0015] The solution of Example 1 was concentrated to 57.5% by weight at 50 mbar and 56° C. 50 g of synthetic silica (Sipernat® 50, Degussa AG) were charged in an Eirich intensive mixer (type R02). The disk rotation was set to stage 2 (the rotating blade head was out of operation) and 100 g of the solution were added in the course of 1 h via a tube. The mixing operation was then continued for a further ½ h. A homogeneous lump-free free-flowing and outwardly dry product was obtained.

Claims

1. A process for preparing solid formulations of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate of the formula

2. The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the solution of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to a concentration of at least 50% by weight.

3. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the application to synthetic silica is performed in a drum mixer, plowshare mixer or cone mixer, or an intensive mixer.

4. The process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the application to the synthetic silica is carried out by first introducing the synthetic silica and then adding the solution of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate.

5. The process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, to improve the flowability, hydrophobic silica is further added.

6. A solid composition comprising sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate and synthetic silica, obtainable by the process according to claims 1 to 5.

7. The solid composition as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the content of sodium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate, based on the dry matter, is at least 25% by weight, preferably from 25 to 50% by weight.