Method for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorders

The present invention relates generally to a method for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of skin disorders, and in particular proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorders, and to genetic molecules useful for same. The present invention is particularly directed to genetic molecules capable of modulating growth factor interaction with its receptor on epidermal keratinocytes to inhibit, reduce or otherwise decrease stimulation of this layer of cells. The present invention contemplates, in a most preferred embodiment, a method for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of psoriasis.
Bibliographic details of the publications numerically referred to in this specification are collected at the end of the description. Sequence Identity Numbers (SEQ ID NOs.) for the nucleotide sequences referred to in the specification are defined following the bibliography.
Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or integer or group of elements or integers but not the exclusion of any other element or integer or group of elements or integers.
Psoriasis and other similar conditions are common and often distressing proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorders affecting or having the potential to affect a significant proportion of the population. The condition arises from over proliferation of basal keratinocytes in the epidermal layer of the skin associated with inflammation in the underlying dermis. Whilst a range of treatments have been developed, none is completely effective and free of adverse side effects. Although the underlying cause of psoriasis remains elusive, there is some consensus of opinion that the condition arises at least in part from over expression of local growth factors and their interaction with their receptors supporting keratinocyte proliferation via keratinocyte receptors which appear to be more abundant during psoriasis.
One important group of growth factors are the dermally-derived insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) which support keratinocyte proliferation. In particular, IGF-I and IGF-II are ubiquitous peptides each with potent mitogenic effects on a broad range of cells. Molecules of the IGF type are also known as "progression factors" promoting "competent" cells through DNA synthesis. The IGFs act through a common receptor known as the Type I or IGF-I receptor, which is tyrosine kinase linked. They are synthesised in mesenchymal tissues, including the dermis, and act on adjacent cells of mesodermal, endodermal or ectodermal origin. The regulation of their synthesis involves growth hormone (GH) in the liver, but is poorly defined in most tissues (1).
Particular proteins, referred to as IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), appear to be involved in autocrine/paracrine regulation of tissue IGF availability (2). Six IGFBPs have so far been identified. The exact effects of the IGFBPs is not clear and observed effects in vitro have been inhibitory or stimulatory depending on the experimental method employed (3). There is some evidence, however, at certain IGFBPs are involved in targeting IGF-I to its cell surface receptor.
Skin, comprising epidermis and underlying dermis, has GH receptors on dermal fiboblasts (4). Fibroblasts synthesize IGF-I as well as IGFBPs-3, -4, -5 and -6 (5) which may be involved in targeting IGF-I to adjacent cells as well as to the overlaying epidermis. The major epidermal cell type, the keratinocyte, does not synthesize IGF-I, but possesses IGF-I receptors and is responsive to IGF-I (6).
It is apparent, therefore, that IGF-I and other growth promoting molecules, are responsible for or at least participate in a range of skin cell activities. In accordance with the present invention, the inventors have established that abberations in the normal functioning of these molecules or abberations in their interaction with their receptors is an important factor in proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorders. It is proposed, therefore, to target these molecules or other molecules which facilitate their functioning or interaction with their receptors to thereby ameliorate the effects of abberant activity during or leading to skin disease conditions.
Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention contemplates a method for ameliorating the effects of a proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorder in a mammal, said method comprising contacting the proliferating and/or inflamed skin or skin capable of proliferation and/or inflammation with an effective amount of a nucleic acid molecule or chemical analogue thereof capable of inhibiting or otherwise reducing a growth factor mediated cell proliferation and/or inflammation.
Growth factor mediated cell proliferation and inflammation are also referred to as epidermal hyperplasias and may be mediated by any number of molecules such as but not limited to IGF-I, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), transforming growth factor-.alpha. (TGF.alpha.), tumour necrosis factor-.alpha. (TNF.alpha.), interleukin-1, -4, -6 and 8 (IL-1, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8, respectively), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or a combination of one or more of the above. The present invention is particularly described and exemplified with reference to IGF-I and its receptor (IGF-I receptor) and to IGF-I facilitating molecules, IGFBPs, since targeting these molecules according to the methods contemplated herein provides the best results to date. This is done, however, with the understanding that the present invention extends to any growth factor or cytokine-like molecule, a receptor thereof or a facilitating molecule like the IGFBPs involved in skin cell proliferation such as those molecules contemplated above and/or their receptors and/or facilitating molecules therefor.
According to is preferred embodiment, there is provided a method for ameliorating the effects of a proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorder in a mammal, said method comprising contacting the proliferating and/or inflamed skin or skin capable of proliferation and/or inflammation with an effective amount of a nucleic acid molecule or chemical analogue thereof capable of inhibiting or otherwise reducing IGF-I mediated cell proliferation and/or inflammation.
The present invention is particularly described by psoriasis as the proliferative skin disorder. However, the subject invention extends to a range of proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorders or epidermal hyperplasias such as but not limited to psoriasis, ichthyosis, pityriasis rubra pilaris ("PRP"), seborrhoea, keloids, keratoses, neoplasias and scleroderma, warts, benign growths and cancers of the skin.
In a preferred embodiment, therefore, the present invention is directed to a method for ameliorating the effects of psoriasis, said method comprising contacting proliferating skin or skin capable of proliferation with an effective amount of a nucleic acid molecule or chemical analogue thereof capable of inhibiting or otherwise reducing IGF-I mediated cell proliferation.
The present invention extends to any mammal such as but not limited to humans, livestock animals (e.g. horses, sheep, cows, goats, pigs, donkeys), laboratory test animals (e.g. rabbits, mice, guinea pigs), companion animals (e.g. cats, dogs) and captive wild animals. However, the instant invention is particularly directed to proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorders such as psoriasis in humans.
The aspects of the subject invention instantly contemplated are particularly directed to the topical application of one or more suitable nucleic molecules capable of inhibiting, reducing or otherwise interfering with IGF-mediated cell proliferation and/or inflammation. More particularly, the nucleic acid molecule targets IGF-I interaction with its receptor. Conveniently, therefore, the nucleic acid molecule is an antagonist of IGF-I interaction with its receptor. Most conveniently, the nucleic acid molecule antagonist is an antisense molecule to the IGF-I receptor, to IGF-I itself or to a molecule capable of facilitating IGF-I interaction with its receptor such as but not limited to an IGFBP.
Insofar as the invention relates to IGFBPs, the preferred molecules are IGFBP-2, -3, -4, -5 and -6. The most preferred molecules are IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3.
The nucleotide sequences of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 are set forth in FIGS. 1 (SEQ ID NO. 1) and 2 (SEQ ID NO. 2), respectively. According to a particularly preferred aspect of the present invention, there is provided a nucleic acid molecule comprising at least about ten nucleotides capable of hybridising to, forming a heterodouplex or otherwise interacting with an mRNA molecule directed from a gene corresponding to a genomic form of SEQ ID NO. 1 and/or SEQ ID NO. 2 and which thereby reduces or inhibits translation of said mRNA molecule. Preferably, the nucleic acid molecule is at least about 15 nucleotides in length and more preferably at least about 20-25 nucleotides in length. However, the instant invention extends to any length nucleic acid molecule including a molecule of 100-200 nucleotides in length to correspond to the full length of or near full length of the subject genes.
The nucleotide sequence of the antisense molecules may correspond exactly to a region or portion of SEQ ID NO. 1 or SEQ ID NO. 2 or may differ by one or more nucleotide substitutions, deletions and/or additions. It is a requirement, however, that the nucleic acid molecule interact with an mRNA molecule to thereby reduce its translation into active protein.
Examples of potential antisense molecules for IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 are those capable of interacting with sequences selected from the lists in Examples 6 and 7, respectively.
The nucleic acid molecules in the form of an antisense molecule may be linear or covalently closed circular and single stranded or partially double stranded. A double stranded molecule may form a triplex with target mRNA or a target gene. The molecule may also be protected from, for example, nucleases, by any number of means such as using a nonionic backbone or a phosphorothioate linkage. A convenient nonionic backbone contemplated herein is ethylphosphotriester linkage or a 2'-O-methylribosyl derivative.
Examples of suitable oligonucleotide analogues are conveniently described in Ts'O et al (7).
Alternatively, the antisense molecules of the present invention may target the IGF-I gene itself or its receptor or a multivalent antisense molecule may be constructed or separate molecules administered which target at least two or an IGFBP, IGF-I and/or IGF-I-receptor. Examples of suitable antisense molecules capable of targetting the IGF-I receptor are those capable of interacting with sequences selected from the list in Example 8. One particularly useful antisense molecule is 5'-ATCTCTCCGCTTCCTTTC-3' (SEQ ID NO. 10). A particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention contemplates a method of ameliorating the effects of psoriasis, said method comprising contacting proliferating skin or skin capable of proliferation with an effective amount of one or more nucleic acid molecules or chemical analogues thereof capable of inhibiting or otherwise reducing IGF-I mediated cell proliferation wherein said one or more molecules comprises a polynucleotide capable of interacting with mRNA directed from two or more of an IGF-I gene, an IGF-I receptor gene or a gene encoding an IGFBP such as IGFBP-2 and/or IGFBP-3.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention the nucleic acid molecule is topically applied in aqueous solution or in conjunction with a cream, ointment, oil or other suitable carrier and/or diluent. A single application may be sufficient depending on the severity or exigencies of the condition although more commonly, multiple applications are required ranging from hourly, multi-hourly, daily, multi-daily, weekly or monthly, or in some other suitable time interval. The treatment might comprise solely the application of the nucleic acid molecule or this may be applied in conjunction with other treatments for the skin proliferation and/or inflammatory disorder being treated or for other associated conditions including microbial infection, bleeding and the formation of a variety of rashes.
As an alternative to or in conjunction with antisense therapy, the subject invention extends to the nucleic acid molecule as, or incorporating, a ribozyme including a minizyme to, for example, IGF-I, its receptor or to molecules such as IGFBPs and in particular IGFBP-2 and -3. Ribozymes are synthetic nucleic acid molecules which possess highly specific endoribonuclease activity. In particular, they comprise a hybridising region which is complementary in nucleotide sequence to at least part of a target RNA. Ribozymes are well described by Haseloff and Gerlach (8) and in International Patent Application No. WO 89/05852. The present invention extends to ribozymes which target mRNA specified by genes encoding IGF-I, its receptor or one or more IGFBPs such as IGFBP-2 and/or IGFBP-3.
According to this embodiment, there is provided in a particularly preferred aspect a ribozyme comprising a hybridising region and a catalytic region wherein the hybridising region is capable of hybridising to at least part of a target mRNA sequence transcribed from a genomic gene corresponding to SEQ ID NO. 1 or SEQ ID NO. 2 wherein said catalytic domain is capable of cleaving said target mRNA sequence to reduce or inhibit IGF-I mediated cell proliferation and/or inflammation.
Yet another aspect of the present invention contemplates co-suppression to reduce expression or to inhibit translation of an endogenous gene encoding, for example, IGF-I, its receptor, or IGFBPs such as IGFBP-2 and/or -3. In co-suppression, a second copy of an endogenous gene or a substantially similar copy or analogue of an endogenous gene is introduced into a cell following topical administration. As with antisense molecules, nucleic acid molecules defining a ribozyme or nucleic acid molecules useful in co-suppression may first be protected such as by using a nonionic backbone.
The efficacy of the nucleic acid molecules of the present invention can be conveniently tested and screened using an in vitro system comprising a basal keratinocyte cell line. A particularly useful system comprises the HaCaT cell line described by Boukamp et al (9). In one assay, IGF-I is added to an oligonucleotide treated HaCaT cell line. Alternatively, growth of oligonucleotide treated HaCaT cells is observed on a feeder layer of irradiated 3T3 fibroblasts. Using such in vitro assays, it is observed that antisense oligonucleotides to IGFBP-3, for example, inhibit production of IGFBP-3 by HaCaT cells. Other suitable animal models include the nude mouse/human skin graft model (15; 16) and the "flaky skin" mouse model (17; 18). In the nude mouse model, microdermatome biopsies of psoriasis lesions are taken under local anaesthetic from volunteers then transplanted to congenital athymic (nude) mice. These transplanted human skin grafts maintain the characteristic hyperproliferating epidermis for 6-8 weeks. They are an established model for testing the efficacy of topically applied therapies for psoriasis. In the "flaky skin" mouse model, the fsn/fsn mutation produces mice with skin resembling human psoriasis. This mouse, or another mutant mouse with a similar phenotype is a further in vivo model to test the efficacy of topically applied therapies for psoriasis.
Another aspect of the present invention contemplates a pharmaceutical composition for topical administration which comprises a nucleic acid molecule capable of inhibiting or otherwise reducing IGF-I mediated cell proliferation such as psoriasis and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents. Preferably, the nucleic acid molecule is an antisense molecule to IGF-I, the IGF-I receptor or an IGFBP such as IGFBP-2 and/or IGFBP-3 or comprises a ribozyme to one or more of these targets or is a molecule suitable for co-suppression of one or more of these targets. The composition may comprise a single species of a nuleic acid molecule capable of targeting one of IGF-I, its receptor or an IGFBP, such as IGFBP-2 or IGFBP-3 or may be a multi-valent molecule capable of targeting two or more of IGF-I, its receptor or an IGFBP, such as IGFBP-2 and/or IGFBP-3.
The nucleic acid molecules may be administered in dispersions prepared in creams, ointments, oil or other suitable carrier and/or diluent such as glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols and/or mixtures thereof. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations may contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
The pharmaceutical forms suitable for topical use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and powders for the extemporaneous preparation of topical solutions or dispersion. In all cases, the form is preferably sterile although this is not an absolute requirement and is stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof and vegetable oils. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of superfactants. The prevention of the action of microorganism can be brought about by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thirmerosal and the like. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars or sodium chloride.
Topical solutions are prepared by incorporating the nucleic acid molecule compound in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various of the other ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by where necessary filter sterilization.
As used herein "pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents" include any and all solvents, dispersion media, aqueous solutions, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutical active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatable with the active ingredient, use thereof in the pharmaceutical compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions. Conveniently, the nucleic acid molecules of the present invention are stored in freeze-dried form and are reconstituted prior to use.
Yet another aspect of the present invention contemplates the use of a nucleic acid molecule in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorders mediated by a growth factor. The proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorder is generally psoriasis and the nucleic acid molecule targets IGF-I, the IGF-I receptor and/or an IGFBP such as IGFBP-2 and/or IGFBP-3.
Still a further aspect of the present invention contemplates an agent comprising a nucleic acid molecule as hereinbefore defined useful in the treatment of proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis.
The present invention is further described by the following non-limiting Figures and/or Examples.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a representation of the nucleotide sequence of IGFBP-2(SEQ ID NO:1).
FIG. 2 is a representation of the nucleotide sequence of IGFBP-3(SEQ ID NO:2).
FIG. 3 is a representation of the nucleotide sequence of IGF-1-receptor (SEQ ID NO:3).
FIG. 4A is a photographic representation of a Western ligand blot of HaCaT conditioned medium showing IGFBP-3 secreted in 24 hours after 7 day treatment with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (BP3AS2, BP3AS3 and BP3S) at 0.5 .mu.M and 5 .mu.M; * no oligonucleotide added.
FIG. 4B is a graphical representation of a scanning imaging desitometry of Western ligand blot (FIG. 4A), showing relative band intensities of IGFBP-3 and the 24kDa IGFBP-4 after treatment with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides; * no oligonucleotide added.
FIG. 5A is a photographic representation of a Western ligand blot of HaCaT conditioned medium showing IGFBP-3 secreted in 24 hours after 7 day treatment with phosophorothioate oligonucleotide BP3AS2 at 0.5 .mu.M compared with several control oligonucleotides at 0.5 .mu.M. (a) oligonucleotide BP3AS2NS; (b) oligonucleotide BP3AS4; (c) oligonucleotide BP3AS4NS; and (untreated), no oligonucleotide added.
FIG 5B is a graphical representation of a scanning imaging densitometry of Western ligand blot (FIG. 5A), showing relative band intensities of IGFBP-3 after treatment with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides as in FIG. 5A, showing IGFBP-3 band intensities expressed as a percentage of the average band intensity from conditioned medium of cells not treated with oligonucleotide.
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation showing inhibition of IGF-I binding by antisense oligonucleotides to IGF-I receptor. IGFR.AS: antisense; IGFR.S: sense.
FIG. 7 is a graphical representation showing inhibition of IGFBP-3 production in culture medium following initial treatment with antisense oligonucleotides once daily over a 2 day period.
FIG. 8 is a graphical representation showing optimization of IGFBP-3 antisense oligonucleotide concentration as determined by relative IGFBP-3 concentration in culture medium.

EXAMPLE 1
IN VITRO ASSAY: CELLS
The differentiated human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT (9) was used in the in vitro assay. Cells at passage numbers 33 to 36 were maintained as monolayer cultures in 5% v/v CO.sub.2 at 37.degree. C. in Keratinocyte-SFM (Gibco) containing EGF and bovine pituitary extract as supplied. Media containing foetal calf serum were avoided because of the high content of IGF-I binding proteins in serum.
Feeder layer plates of lethally irradiated 3T3 fibroblasts were prepared exactly as described by Rheinwald and Green (10).
EXAMPLE 2
IN VITRO ASSAY: THYMIDINE INCORPORATION ASSAY
Cells were grown to 4 days post confluence in 2 cm.sup.2 wells with daily medium changes of Keratinocyte-SFM, then the medium was changed to DMEM (Cytosystems, Australia), with the following additions: 25 mM Hepes, 0.19% w/v, sodium bicarbonate, 0.03% w/v glutamine (Sigma Chemical Co, U.S.A.), 50 IU/ml penicillin and 50 .mu.g/ml streptomycin (Flow Laboratories). After 24 hours, IGF-I or tIGF-I was added to triplicate wells, at the concentrations indicated, in 0.5 ml fresh DMEM containing 0.02% v/v bovine serum albumin (Sigma molecular biology grade) and incubated for a further 21 hours. �.sup.3 H!-Thymidine (0.1 .mu.Ci/well) was then added and the cells incubated for a further 3 hours. The medium was then aspirated and the cells washed once with ice-cold PBS and twice with ice-cold 10% v/v TCA. The TCA-precipitated monolayers were then solubilized with 0.25M NaOH (200 .mu.l/well), transferred to scintillation vials and radioactivity determined by liquid scintillation counting (Pharmacia Wallac 1410 liquid scintillation counter).
EXAMPLE 3
WESTERN LIGAND BLOTTING
HaCaT conditioned medium (250 .mu.l) was concentrated by adding 750 .mu.l cold ethanol, incubating at -20.degree. C. for 2 hours and centrifuging at 16,000 g for 20 min at 4.degree. C. The resulting pellet was air dried, resuspended thoroughly in non-reducing Laemmli sample buffer, heated to 90.degree. C. for 5 minutes and separated on 12% w/v SDS-PAGE according to the method of Laemmli (1970). Separated proteins were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (0.45 mm, Schleicher and Schuell, Dassel, Germany) in a buffer containing 25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine and 20% v/v methanol. IGFBPs were then visualised by the procedure of Hossenlopp et al (11), using �.sup.125 I!-IGF-I, followed by autoradiography. Autoradiographs were scanned in a BioRad Model GS-670 Imaging Densitometer and band densities were determined using the Molecular Analyst program.
EXAMPLE 4
ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides were synthesised by Bresatec, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. The following antisense sequences were used: BP3AS2, 5'-GCG CCC GCT GCA TGA CGC CTG CAA C-3' (SEQ ID NO. 4), a 25 mer complementary to the start codon region of the human IGFBP-3 mRNA; BP3AS3, 5'-CGG GCG GCT CAC CTG GAG CTG GCG-3' (SEQ ID NO. 5), a 24 mer complementary to the exon 1/intron 1 splice site; BP3AS4, 5'-AGG CGG CTG ACG GCA CTA-3' (SEQ ID NO. 6), an 18 mer complementary to a region of the coding sequence lacking RNA secondary structure and oligonucleotide-dimer formation (using the computer software "OLIGO for PC"). Since BP3AS4 was found to be ineffective at inhibiting IGFBP-3 synthesis, it was used as a control. The following additional control oligonucleotide sequences were used: BP3S, 5'-CAG GCG TCA TGC AGC GGG C-3' (SEQ ID NO. 7), an 18 mer sense control sequence equivalent to the start codon region; BP3AS2NS, 5'-CGG AGA TGC CGC ATG CCA GCG CAG G-3' (SEQ ID NO. 8), a 25 mer randomised sequence with the same GC content as BP3AS2; BP3AS4NS, 5'-GAC AGC GTC GGA GCG ATC-3' (SEQ ID NO. 9), an 18 mer randomised sequence with the same GC content as BP3AS4NS. Design of the oligonucleotides was based on the human IGFBP-3 cDNA sequence of Spratt et al (12).
Cells were grown to one day post confluence in 2 cm.sup.2 wells with daily medium changes of 0.5 ml Keratinocyte-SFM, then subjected to daily medium changes of Keratinocyte-SFM for a further 4 days. Daily additions of 0.5 ml fresh Keratinocyte-SFM were then continued for a further 7 days, except that at the time of medium addition, 5 .mu.l oligonucleotide in PBS was added to give the final concentrations indicated, then the wells were shaken to mix the oligonucleotide. After the final addition, cells were incubated for 24 hours and the medium collected for assay of IGFBPs. Cells were then counted after trypsinisation in a Coulter Industrial D Counter, Coulter Bedfordshire, UK. Cell numbers after oligonucleotide treatment differed by less than 10%.
EXAMPLE 5
ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES INHIBIT IGFBP-3 SYNTHESIS
HaCaT cells secrete mainly IGFBP-3 (>95%), with the only other IGFBP detectable in HaCaT conditioned medium being IGFBP-4 (<5%). The effect on IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 synthesis of antisense oligonucleotides at two concentrations, 5 .mu.M and 0.5 .mu.M, was tested. Two oligonucleotides were used, BP3AS2 and BP3AS3, directed against the start site and the intron 1/exon 1 splice site, respectively of the IGFBP-3 mRNA. As a control, a sense oligonucleotide corresponding to the start site was used. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, all oligonucleotides at 5 .mu.M caused a significant reduction of IGFBP-3 synthesis compared with untreated cells, however, the two antisense oligonucleotides inhibited IGFBP-3 synthesis of approximately 50% compared to the sense control (FIG. 4B). The antisense oligonucleotide directed to the start codon appeared to be more effective of the two, the difference being more apparent at the lower concentration of 0.5 .mu.M. The cells of IGFBP-4 secreted by the HaCaT cells make photographic reproduction of the bands on Western ligand blots difficult, however densitometry measurements provide adequate relative quantitation. This resulted in the significant observation that IGFBP-4 levels were unaffected by oligonucleotide addition to the cells, suggesting that the observed inhibitory effects on IGFBP-3 are specific.
To further investigate the inhibitory effects of the more effective of the two antisense oligonucleotides, BP3AS2, inhibition by this oligonucleotide at 0.5 .mu.M was compared with a number of control oligonucleotides, including one antisense oligonucleotide to IGFBP-3 that had proved to be ineffective at 0.5 .mu.M. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, BP3AS2 was again inhibitory, resulting in levels of IGFBP-3 of approximately 50% of the most non-specifically inhibitory control oligonucleotide, the randomised equivalent of BP3AS2. The other control oligonucleotides caused no reduction in IGFBP-3 levels at 0.5 .mu.M, compared to untreated cells. Of possible significance is the fact that this control oligonucleotide, BP3AS2NS, like BP3AS2 itself, has the highest potential T.sub.m of the three control oligonucleotides used in this experiment, enhancing the probability of non-specific base pairing with non-target mRNAs. However, the lack of inhibition of IGFBP-4 secretion by BP3AS2 suggests that this oligonucleotide is selective even compared with the most closely related protein likely to be present in this cell line.
EXAMPLE 6
ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES OF IGFBP2
Antisense oligonucleotides to IGFBP2 may be selected from molecules capable of interacting with one or more oligonucleotides selected from oligonucleotides having the sequence of nucleotides 1-15, 2-16, 3-17, 4-18, 5-19, 6-20, 7-21, 8-22, 9-23, 10-24, 11-25, 12-26, 13-27, 14-28, 15-29, 16-30, 17-31, 18-32, 19-33, 20-34, 21-35, 22-36, 23-37, 24-38, 25-39, 26-40, 27-41, 28-42, 29-43, 30-44, 31-45, 32-46, 33-47, 34-48, 35-49, 36-50, 37-51, 38-52, 39-53, 40-54, 41-55, 42-56, 43-57, 44-58, 45-59, 46-60, 47-61, 48-62, 49-63, 50-64, 51-65, 52-66, 53-67, 54-68, 55-69, 56-70, 57-71, 58-72, 59-73, 60-74, 61-75, 62-76, 63-77, 64-78, 65-79, 66-80, 67-81, 68-82, 69-83, 70-84, 71-85, 72-86, 73-87, 74-88, 75-89, 76-90, 77-91, 78-92, 79-93, 80-94, 81-95, 82-96, 83-97, 84-98, 85-99, 86-100, 87-101, 88-102, 89-103, 90-104, 91-105, 92-106, 93-107, 94-108, 95-109, 96-110, 97-111, 98-112, 99-113, 100-114, 101-115, 102-116, 103-117, 104-118, 105-119, 106-120, 107-121, 108-122, 109-123, 110-124, 111-125, 112-126, 113-127, 114-128, 115-129, 116-130, 117-131, 118-132, 119-133, 120-134, 121-135, 122-136, 123-137, 124-138, 125-139, 126-140, 127-141, 128-142, 129-143, 130-144, 131-145, 132-146, 133-147, 134-148, 135-149, 136-150, 137-151, 138-152, 139-153, 140-154, 141-155, 142-156, 143-157, 144-158, 145-159, 146-160, 147-161 148-162, 149-163, 150-164, 151-165, 152-166, 153-167, 154-168, 155-169, 156-170, 157-171, 158-172, 159-173, 160-174, 161-175,162-176, 163-177, 164-178, 165-179, 166-180, 167-181, 168-182, 169-183, 170-184, 171-185, 172-186, 173-187, 174-188, 175-189, 176-190, 177-191, 178-192, 179-193, 180-194, 181-195, 182-196, 183-197, 184-198, 185-199, 186-200, 187-201, 188-202, 189-203, 190-204, 191-205, 192-206, 193-207, 194-208, 195-209, 196-210, 197-211, 198-212, 199-213, 200-214, 201-215, 202-216, 203-217, 204-218, 205-219, 206-220, 207-221, 208-222, 209-223, 210-224, 211-225, 212-226, 213-227, 214-228, 215-229, 216-230, 217-231, 218-232, 219-233, 220-234, 221-235, 222-236, 223-237, 224-238, 225-239, 226-240, 227-241, 228-242, 229-243, 230-244, 231-245, 232-246, 233-247, 234-248, 235-249, 236-250, 237-251, 238-252, 239-253, 240-254, 241-255, 242-256, 243-257, 244-258, 245-259, 246-260, 247-261, 248-262, 249-263, 250-264, 251-265, 252-266, 253-267, 254-268, 255-269, 256-270, 257-271, 258-272, 259-273, 260-274, 261-275, 262-276, 263-277, 264-278, 265-279, 266-280, 267-281, 268-282, 269-283, 270-284, 271-285, 272-286, 273-287, 274-288, 275-289, 276-290, 277-291, 278-292, 279-293, 280-294, 281-295, 282-296, 283-297, 284-298, 285-299, 286-300, 287-301, 288-302, 289-303, 290-304, 291-305, 292-306, 293-307, 294-308, 295-309, 296-310, 297-311, 298-312, 299-313, 300-314, 301-315, 302-315, 303-317, 304-318, 305-319, 306-320, 307-321, 308-322, 309-323, 310-324, 311-325, 312-326, 313-327, 314-328, 315-329, 316-330, 317-331, 318-332, 319-333, 320-334, 321-335, 322-336, 323-337, 324-338, 325-339, 326-340, 327-341, 328-342, 329-343, 330-344, 331-345, 332-346, 333-347, 334-348, 335-349, 336-350, 337-351, 338-352, 339-353, 340-354, 341-355, 342-356, 343-357, 344-358, 345-359, 346-360, 347-361, 348-362, 349-363, 350-364, 351-365, 352-366, 353-367, 354-368, 355-369, 356-370, 357-371, 358-372, 359-373, 360-374, 361-375, 362-376, 363-377, 364-378, 365-379, 366-380, 367-381, 368-382, 369-383, 370-384, 371-385, 372-386, 373-387, 374-388, 375-389, 376-390, 377-391, 378-392, 379-393, 380-394, 381-395, 382-396, 383-397, 384-398, 385-399, 386-400, 387-401, 388-402, 389-403, 390-404, 391-405, 392-406, 393-407, 394-408, 395-409, 396-410, 397-411, 398-412, 399-413, 400-414, 401-415, 402-416, 403-417, 404-418, 405-419, 406-420, 407-421, 408-422, 409-423, 410-424, 411-425, 412-426, 413-427, 414-428, 415-429, 416-430, 417-431, 418-432, 419-433, 420-434, 421-435, 422-436, 423-437, 424-438, 425-439, 426-440, 427-441, 428-442, 429-443, 430-444, 431-445, 432-446, 433-447, 434-448, 435-449, 436-450, 437-451, 438-452, 439-453, 440-454, 441-455, 442-456, 443-457, 444-458, 445-459, 446-460, 447-461, 448-462, 449-463, 450-464, 451-465, 452-466, 453-467, 454-468, 455-469, 456-470, 457-471, 458-472, 459-473, 460-474, 461-475, 462-476, 463-477, 464-478, 465-479, 466-480, 467-481, 468-482, 469-483, 470-484, 471-485, 472-486, 473-487, 474-488, 475-489, 476-490, 477-491, 478-492, 479-493, 480-494, 481-495, 482-496, 483-497, 484-498, 485-499, 486-500, 487-501, 488-502, 489-503, 490-504, 491-505, 492-506, 493-507, 494-508, 495-509, 496-510, 497-511, 498-513, 499-514, 500-515, 501-515, 502-516, 503-517, 504-518, 505-519, 506-520, 507-521, 508-522, 509-523, 510-524, 511-525, 512-526, 513-527, 514-528, 515-529, 516-530, 517-531, 518-532, 519-533, 520-534, 521-535, 522-536, 523-537, 524-538, 525-539, 526-540, 527-541, 528-542, 529-543, 530-544, 531-545, 532-546, 533-547, 534-548, 535-549, 536-550, 537-551, 538-552, 539-553, 540-554, 541-555, 542-556, 543-557, 544-558, 545-559, 546-560, 547-561, 548-562, 549-563, 550-564, 551-565, 552-566, 553-567, 554-568, 555-569, 556-570, 557-571, 558-572, 559-573, 560-574, 561-575, 562-576, 563-577, 564-578, 565-579, 566-580, 567-581, 568-582, 569-583, 570-584, 571-585, 572-586, 573-587, 574-588, 575-589, 576-590, 577-591, 578-592, 579-593, 580-594, 581-595, 582-596, 583-597, 584-598, 585-599, 586-600, 587-601, 588-602, 589-603, 590-604, 591-605, 592-606, 593-607, 594-608, 595-609, 596-610, 597-611, 598-612, 599-613, 600-614, 601-615, 602-616, 603-617, 604-618, 605-619, 606-620, 607-621, 608-622, 609-623, 610-624, 611-625, 612-626, 613-627, 614-628, 615-629, 616-630, 617-631, 618-632, 619-633, 620-634, 621-635, 622-636, 623-637, 624-638, 625-639, 626-640, 627-641, 628-642, 629-643, 630-644, 631-645, 632-646, 633-647, 634-648, 635-649, 636-650, 637-651, 638-652, 639-653, 640-654, 641-655, 642-656, 643-657, 644-658, 645-659, 646-660, 647-661, 648-662, 649-663, 650-664, 651-665, 652-666, 653-667, 654-668, 655-669, 656-670, 657-671, 658-672, 659-673, 660-674, 661-675, 662-676, 663-677, 664-678, 665-679, 666-680, 667-681, 668-682, 669-683, 670-684, 671-685, 672-686, 673-687, 674-688, 675-689, 676-690, 677-691, 678-692, 679-693, 680-694, 681-695, 682-696, 683-697, 684-698, 685-699, 686-700, 687-701, 688-702, 689-703, 690-704, 691-705, 692-706, 693-707, 694-708, 695-709, 696-710, 697-711, 698-712, 699-713, 700-714, 701-715, 702-716, 703-717, 704-718, 705-719, 706-720, 707-721, 708-722, 709-723, 710-724, 711-725, 712-726, 713-727, 714-728, 715-729, 716-730, 717-731, 718-732, 719-733, 720-734, 721-735, 722-736, 723-737, 724-738, 725-739, 726-740, 727-741, 728-742, 729-743, 730-744, 731-745, 732-746, 733-747, 734-748, 735-749, 736-750, 737-751, 738-752, 739-753, 740-754, 741-755, 742-756, 743-757, 744-758, 745-759, 746-760, 747-761, 748-762, 749-763, 750-764, 751-765, 752-766, 753-767, 754-768, 755-769, 756-770, 757-771, 758-772, 759-773, 760-774, 761-775, 762-776, 763-777, 764-778, 765-779, 766-780, 767-781, 768-782, 769-783, 770-784, 771-785, 772-786, 773-787, 774-788, 775-789, 776-790, 777-791 778-792, 779-793, 780-794, 781-795, 782-796, 783-797, 784-798, 785-799, 786-800, 787-801, 788-802, 789-803, 790-804, 791-805, 792-806, 793-807, 794-808, 795-809, 796-810, 797-811, 798-812, 799-813, 800-814, 801-815, 802-816, 803-817, 804-818, 805-819, 806-820, 807-821, 808-822, 809-823, 810-824, 811-825, 812-826, 813-827, 814-828, 815-829, 816-830, 817-831, 818-832, 819-833, 820-834, 821-835, 822-836, 823-837, 824-838, 825-839, 826-840, 827-841, 828-842, 829-843, 830-844, 831-845, 832-846, 833-847, 834-848, 835-849, 836-850, 837-851, 838-852, 839-853, 840-854, 841-855, 842-856, 843-857, 844-858, 845-859, 846-860, 847-861, 848-862, 849-863, 850-864, 851-865, 852-866, 853-867, 854-868, 855-869, 856-870, 857-871, 858-872, 859-873, 860-874, 861-875, 862-876, 863-877, 864-878, 865-879, 866-880, 867-881, 868-882, 869-883, 870-884, 871-885, 872-886, 873-887, 874-888, 875-889, 876-890, 877-891, 878-892, 879-893, 880-894, 881-895, 882-896, 883-897, 884-898, 885-899, 886-900, 887-901, 888-902, 889-903, 890-904, 891-905, 892-906, 893-907, 894-908, 895-909, 896-910, 897-911, 898-912, 899-913, 900-914, 901-915, 902-916, 903-917, 904-918, 905-919, 906-920, 907-921, 908-922, 909-923, 910-924, 911-925, 912-926, 913-927, 914-928, 915-929, 916-930, 917-931, 918-932, 919-933, 920-934, 921-935, 922-936, 923-937, 924-938, 925-939, 926-940, 927-941, 928-942, 929-943, 930-944, 931-945, 932-946, 933-947, 934-948, 935-949, 936-950, 937-951, 938-952, 939-953, 940-954, 941-955, 942-956, 943-957, 944-958, 945-959, 946-960, 947-961, 948-962, 949-963, 950-964, 951-965, 952-966, 953-967, 954-968, 955-969, 956-970, 957-971, 958-972, 959-973, 960-974, 961-975, 962-976, 963-977, 964-978, 965-979, 966-980, 967-981, 968-982, 969-983, 970-984, 971-985, 972-986, 973-987, 974-988, 975-989, 976-990, 977-991, 978-992, 979-993, 980-994, 981-995, 982-996, 983-997, 984-998, 985-999, 986-1000, 987-1001, 988-1002, 989-1003, 990-1004, 991-1005, 992-1006, 993-1007, 994-1008, 995-1009, 996-1010, 997-1011, 998-1012, 999-1013, 1000-1014, 1001-1015, 1002-1016, 1003-1017, 1004-1018, 1005-1019, 1006-1020, 1007-1021, 1008-1022, 1009-1023, 1010-1024, 1011-1025, 1012-1026, 1013-1027, 1014-1028, 1015-1029, 1016-1030, 1017-1031, 1018-1032, 1019-1033, 1020-1034, 1021-1035, 1022-1036, 1023-1037, 1024-1038, 1025-1039, 1026-1040, 1027-1041, 1028-1042, 1029-1043, 1030-1044, 1031-1045, 1032-1046, 1033-1047, 1034-1048, 1035-1049, 1036-1050, 1037-1051, 1038-1052, 1039-1053, 1040-1054, 1041-1055, 1042-1056, 1043-1057, 1044-1058, 1045-1059, 1046-1060, 1047-1061, 1048-1062, 1049-1063, 1050-1064, 1051-1065, 1052-1066, 1053-1067, 1054-1068, 1055-1069, 1056-1070, 1057-1071, 1058-1072, 1059-1073, 1060-1074, 1061-1075, 1062-1076, 1063-1077, 1064-1078, 1065-1079, 1066-1080, 1067-1081, 1068-1082, 1069-1083, 1070-1084, 1071-1085, 1072-1086 1073-1087, 1074-1088, 1075-1089, 1076-1090, 1077-1091, 1078-1092, 1079-1093, 1080-1094, 1081-1095, 1082-1096, 1083-1097, 1084-1098, 1085-1099, 1086-1100, 1087-1101, 1088-1102, 1089-1103, 1090-1104, 1091-1105, 1092-1106, 1093-1107, 1094-1108, 1095-1109, 1096-1110, 1097-1111, 1098-1112, 1099-1113, 1100-1114, 1101-1115, 1102-1116, 1103-1117, 1104-1118, 1105-1119, 1106-1120, 1107-1121, 1108-1122, 1109-1123, 1110-1124, 1111-1125, 1112-1126, 1113-1127, 1114-1128, 1115-1129, 1116-1130, 1117-1131, 1118-1132, 1119-1133, 1120-1134, 1121-1135, 1122-1136, 1123-1137, 1124-1138, 1125-1139, 1126-1140, 1127-1141, 1128-1142, 1129-1143, 1130-1144, 1131-1145, 1132-1146, 1133-1147, 1134-1148, 1135-1149, 1136-1150, 1137-1151, 1138-1152, 1139-1153, 1140-1154, 1141-1155, 1142-1156, 1143-1157, 1144-1158, 1145-1159, 1146-1160, 1147-1161, 1148-1162, 1149-1163, 1150-1164, 1151-1165, 1152-1166, 1153-1167, 1154-1168, 1155-1169, 1156-1170, 1157-1171, 1158-1172, 1159-1173, 1160-1174, 1161-1175, 1162-1176, 1163-1177, 1164-1178, 1165-1179, 1166-1180, 1167-1181, 1168-1182, 1169-1183, 1170-1184, 1171-1185, 1172-1186, 1173-1187, 1174-1188, 1175-1189, 1176-1190, 1177-1191, 1178-1192, 1179-1193, 1180-1194, 1181-1195, 1182-1196, 1183-1197, 1184-1198, 1185-1199, 1186-1200, 1187-1201, 1188-1202, 1189-1203, 1190-1204, 1191-1205, 1192-1206, 1193-1207, 1194-1208, 1195-1209, 1196-1210, 1197-1211, 1198-1212, 1199-1213, 1200-1214, 1201-1215, 1202-1216, 1203-1217, 1204-1218, 1205-1219, 1206-1220, 1207-1221, 1208-1222, 1209-1223, 1210-1224, 1211-1225, 1212-1226, 1213-1227, 1214-1228, 1215-1229, 1216-1230, 1217-1231, 1218-1232, 1219-1233, 1220-1234, 1221-1235, 1222-1236, 1223-1237, 1224-1238, 1225-1239, 1226-1240, 1227-1241, 1228-1242, 1229-1243, 1230-1244, 1231-1245, 1232-1246, 1233-1247, 1234-1248, 1235-1249, 1236-1250, 1237-1251, 1238-1252, 1239-1253, 1240-1254, 1241-1255, 1242-1256, 1243-1257, 1244-1258, 1245-1259, 1246-1260, 1247-1261, 1248-1262, 1249-1263, 1250-1264, 1251-1265, 1252-1266, 1253-1267, 1254-1268, 1255-1269, 1256-1270, 1257-1271, 1258-1272, 1259-1273, 1260-1274, 1261-1275, 1262-1276, 1263-1277, 1264-1278, 1265-1279, 1266-1280, 1267-1281, 1268-1282, 1269-1283, 1270-1284, 1271-1285, 1272-1286, 1273-1287, 1274-1288, 1275-1289, 1276-1290, 1277-1291, 1278-1292, 1279-1293, 1280-1294, 1281-1295, 1282-1296, 1283-1297, 1284-1298, 1285-1299, 1286-1300, 1287-1301, 1288-1302, 1289-1303, 1290-1304, 1291-1305, 1292-1306, 1293-1307, 1294-1308, 1295-1309, 1296-1310, 1297-1311, 1298-1312, 1299-1313, 1300-1314, 1301-1315, 1302-1315, 1303-1317, 1304-1318, 1305-1319, 1306-1320, 1307-1321, 1308-1322, 1309-1323, 1310-1324, 1311-1325, 1312-1326, 1313-1327, 1314-1328, 1315-1329, 1316-1330, 1317-1331, 1318-1332, 1319-1333, 1320-1334, 1321-1335, 1322-1336, 1323-1337, 1324-1338, 1325-1339, 1326-1340, 1327-1341, 1328-1342, 1329-1343, 1330-1344, 1331-1345, 1332-1346, 1333-1347, 1334-1348, 1335-1349, 1336-1350, 1337-1351, 1338-1352, 1339-1353, 1340-1354, 1341-1355, 1342-1356, 1343-1357, 1344-1358, 1345-1359, 1346-1360, 1347-1361, 1348-1362, 1349-1363, 1350-1364, 1351-1365, 1352-1366, 1353-1367, 1354-1368, 1355-1369, 1356-1370, 1357-1371, 1358-1372, 1359-1373, 1360-1374, 1361-1375, 1362-1376, 1363-1377, 1364-1378, 1365-1379, 1366-1380, 1367-1381, 1368-1382, 1369-1383, 1370-1384, 1371-1385, 1372-1386, 1373-1387, 1374-1388, 1375-1389, 1376-1390, 1377-1391, 1378-1392, 1379-1393, 1380-1394, 1381-1395, 1382-1396, 1383-1397, 1384-1398, 1385-1399, 1386-1400, 1387-1401, 1388-1402, 1389-1403, 1390-1404, 1391-1405, 1392-1406, 1393-1407, 1394-1408, 1395-1409, 1396-1410, 1397-1411, 1398-1412, 1399-1413, 1400-1414, 1401-1415, 1402-1416, 1403-1417, 1404-1418, 1405-1419, 1406-1420, 1407-1421, 1408-1422, 1409-1423, 1410-1424, 1411-1425, 1412-1426, 1413-1427, 1414-1428, 1415-1429, 1416-1430, 1417-1431, 1418-1432, and 1419-1433 of SEQ ID NO:1.
EXAMPLE 7
ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES OF IGFBP3
Antisense oligonucleotides to IGFBP3 may be selected from molecules capable of interacting with one or more oligonucleotides selected from oligonucleotides having the sequence of nucleotides 1-15, 2-16, 3-17, 4-18, 5-19, 6-20, 7-21, 8-22, 9-23, 10-24, 11-25, 12-26, 13-27, 14-28, 15-29, 16-30, 17-31, 18-32, 19-33, 20-34, 21-35, 22-36, 23-37, 24-38, 25-39, 26-40, 27-41, 28-42, 29-43, 30-44, 31-45, 32-46, 33-47, 34-48, 35-49, 36-50, 37-51, 38-52, 39-53, 40-54, 41-55, 42-56, 43-57, 44-58, 45-59, 46-60, 47-61, 48-62, 49-63, 50-64, 51-65, 52-66, 53-67, 54-68, 55-69, 56-70, 57-71, 58-72, 59-73, 60-74, 61-75, 62-76, 63-77, 64-78, 65-79, 66-80, 67-81, 68-82, 69-83, 70-84, 71-85, 72-86, 73-87, 74-88, 75-89, 76-90, 77-91, 78-92, 79-93, 80-94, 81-95, 82-96, 83-97, 84-98, 85-99, 86-100, 87-101, 88-102, 89-103, 90-104, 91-105, 92-106, 93-107, 94-108, 95-109, 96-110, 97-111, 98-112, 99-113, 100-114, 101-115, 102-116, 103-117, 104-118, 105-119, 106-120, 107-121, 108-122, 109-123, 110-124, 111-125, 112-126, 113-127, 114-128, 115-129, 116-130, 117-131, 118-132, 119-133, 120-134, 121-135, 122-136, 123-137, 124-138, 125-139, 126-140, 127-141, 128-142, 129-143, 130-144, 131-145, 132-146, 133-147, 134-148, 135-149, 136-150, 137-151, 138-152, 139-153, 140-154, 141-155, 142-156, 143-157, 144-158, 145-159, 146-160, 147-161, 148-162, 149-163, 150-164, 151-165, 152-166, 153-167, 154-168, 155-169, 156-170, 157-171, 158-172, 159-173, 160-174, 161-175, 162-176, 163-177, 164-178, 165-179, 166-180, 167-181, 168-182, 169-183, 170-184, 171-185, 172-186, 173-187, 174-188, 175-189, 176-190, 177-191, 178-192, 179-193, 180-194, 181-195, 182-196, 183-197, 184-198, 185-199, 186-200, 187-201, 188-202, 189-203, 190-204, 191-205, 192-206, 193-207, 194-208, 195-209, 196-210, 197-211, 198-212, 199-213, 200-214, 201-215, 202-216, 203-217, 204-218, 205-219, 206-220, 207-221, 208-222, 209-223, 210-224, 211-225, 212-226, 213-227, 214-228, 215-229, 216-230, 217-231, 218-232, 219-233, 220-234, 221-235, 222-236, 223-237, 224-238, 225-239, 226-240, 227-241, 228-242, 229-243, 230-244, 231-245, 232-246, 233-247, 234-248, 235-249, 236-250, 237-251, 238-252, 239-253, 240-254, 241-255, 242-256, 243-257, 244-258, 245-259, 246-260, 247-261, 248-262, 249-263, 250-264, 251-265, 252-266, 253-267, 254-268, 255-269, 256-270, 257-271, 258-272, 259-273, 260-274, 261-275, 262-276, 263-277, 264-278, 265-279, 266-280, 267-281, 268-282, 269-283, 270-284, 271-285, 272-286, 273-287, 274-288, 275-289, 276-290, 277-291, 278-292, 279-293, 280-294, 281-295, 282-296, 283-297, 284-298, 285-299, 286-300, 287-301, 288-302, 289-303, 290-304, 291-305, 292-306, 293-307, 294-308, 295-309, 296-310, 297-311, 298-312, 299-313, 300-314, 301-315, 302-315, 303-317, 304-318, 305-319, 306-320, 307-321, 308-322, 309-323, 310-324, 311-325, 312-326, 313-327, 314-328, 315-329, 316-330, 317-331, 318-332, 319-333, 320-334, 321-335, 322-336, 323-337, 324-338, 325-339, 326-340, 327-341, 328-342, 329-343, 330-344, 331-345, 332-346, 333-347, 334-348, 335-349, 336-350, 337-351, 338-352, 339-353, 340-354, 341-355, 342-356, 343-357, 344-358, 345-359, 346-360, 347-361, 348-362, 349-363, 350-364, 351-365, 352-366, 353-367, 354-368, 355-369, 356-370, 357-371, 358-372, 359-373, 360-374, 361-375, 362-376, 363-377, 364-378, 365-379, 366-380, 367-381, 368-382, 369-383, 370-384, 371-385, 372-386, 373-387, 374-388, 375-389, 376-390, 377-391, 378-392, 379-393, 380-394, 381-395, 382-396, 383-397, 384-398, 385-399, 386-400, 387-401, 388-402, 389-403, 390-404, 391-405, 392-406, 393-407, 394-408, 395-409, 396-410, 397-411, 398-412, 399-413, 400-414, 401-415, 402-416, 403-417, 404-418, 405-419, 406-420, 407-421, 408-422, 409-423, 410-424, 411-425, 412-426, 413-427, 414-428, 415-429, 416-430, 417-431, 418-432, 419-433, 420-434, 421-435, 422-436, 423-437, 424-438, 425-439, 426-440, 427-441, 428-442, 429-443, 430-444, 431-445, 432-446, 433-447, 434-448, 435-449, 436-450, 437-451, 438-452, 439-453, 440-454, 441-455, 442-456, 443-457, 444-458, 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1544-1558, 1545-1559, 1546-1560, 1547-1561, 1548-1562, 1549-1563, 1550-1564, 1551-1565, 1552-1566, 1553-1567, 1554-1568, 1555-1569, 1556-1570, 1557-1571, 1558-1572, 1559-1573, 1560-1574, 1561-1575, 1562-1576, 1563-1577, 1564-1578, 1565-1579, 1566-1580, 1567-1581, 1568-1582, 1569-1583, 1570-1584, 1571-1585, 1572-1586, 1573-1587, 1574-1588, 1575-1589, 1576-1590, 1577-1591, 1578-1592, 1579-1593, 1580-1594, 1581-1595, 1582-1596, 1583-1597, 1584-1598, 1585-1599, 1586-1600, 1587-1601, 1588-1602, 1589-1603, 1590-1604, 1591-1605, 1592-1606, 1593-1607, 1594-1608, 1595-1609, 1596-1610, 1597-1611, 1598-1612, 1599-1613, 1600-1614, 1601-1615, 1602-1616, 1603-1617, 1604-1618, 1605-1619, 1606-1620, 1607-1621, 1608-1622, 1609-1623, 1610-1624, 1611-1625, 1612-1626, 1613-1627, 1614-1628, 1615-1629, 1616-1630, 1617-1631, 1618-1632, 1619-1633, 1620-1634, 1621-1635, 1622-1636, 1623-1637, 1624-1638, 1625-1639, 1626-1640, 1627-1641, 1628-1642, 1629-1643, 1630-1644, 1631-1645, 1632-1646, 1633-1647, 1634-1648, 1635-1649, 1636-1650, 1637-1651, 1638-1652, 1639-1653, 1640-1654, 1641-1655, 1642-1656, 1643-1657, 1644-1658, 1645-1659, 1646-1660, 1647-1661, 1648-1662, 1649-1663, 1650-1664, 1651-1665, 1652-1666, 1653-1667, 1654-1668, 1655-1669, 1656-1670, 1657-1671, 1658-1672, 1659-1673, 1660-1674, 1661-1675, 1662-1676, 1663-1677, 1664-1678, 1665-1679, 1666-1680, 1667-1681, 1668-1682, 1669-1683, 1670-1684, 1671-1685, 1672-1686, 1673-1687, 1674-1688, 1675-1689, 1676-1690, 1677-1691, 1678-1692, 1679-1693, 1680-1694, 1681-1695, 1682-1696, 1683-1697, 1684-1698, 1685-1699, 1686-1700, 1687-1701, 1688-1702, 1689-1703, 1690-1704, 1691-1705, 1692-1706, 1693-1707, 1694-1708, 1695-1709, 1696-1710, 1697-1711, 1698-1712, 1699-1713, 1700-1714, 1701-1715, 1702-1716, 1703-1717, 1704-1718, 1705-1719, 1706-1720, 1707-1721, 1708-1722, 1709-1723, 1710-1724, 1711-1725, 1712-1726, 1713-1727, 1714-1728, 1715-1729, 1716-1730, 1717-1731, 1718-1732, 1719-1733, 1720-1734, 1721-1735, 1722-1736, 1723-1737, 1724-1738, 1725-1739, 1726-1740, 1727-1741, 1728-1742, 1729-1743, 1730-1744, 1731-1745, 1732-1746, 1733-1747, 1734-1748, 1735-1749, 1736-1750, 1737-1751, 1738-1752, 1739-1753, 1740-1754, 1741-1755, 1742-1756, 1743-1757, 1744-1758, 1745-1759, 1746-1760, 1747-1761, 1748-1762, 1749-1763, 1750-1764, 1751-1765, 1752-1766, 1753-1767, 1754-1768, 1755-1769, 1756-1770, 1757-1771, 1758-1772, 1759-1773, 1760-1774, 1761-1775, 1762-1776, 1763-1777, 1764-1778, 1765-1779, 1766-1780, 1767-1781, 1768-1782, 1769-1783, 1770-1784, 1771-1785, 1772-1786, 1773-1787, 1774-1788, 1775-1789, 1776-1790, 1777-1791, 1778-1792, 1779-1793, 1780-1794, 1781-1795, 1782-1796, 1783-1797, 1784-1798, 1785-1799, 1786-1800, 1787-1801, 1788-1802, 1789-1803, 1790-1804, 1791-1805, 1792-1806, 1793-1807, 1794-1808, 1795-1809, 1796-1810, 1797-1811, 1798-1812, 1799-1813, 1800-1814, 1801-1815, 1802-1816, 1803-1817, 1804-1818, 1805-1819, 1806-1820, 1807-1821, 1808-1822, 1809-1823, 1810-1824, 1811-1825, 1812-1826, 1813-1827, 1814-1828, 1815-1829, 1816-1830, 1817-1831, 1818-1832, 1819-1833, 1820-1834, 1821-1835, 1822-1836, 1823-1837, 1824-1838, 1825-1839, 1826-1840, 1827-1841, 1828-1842, 1829-1843, 1830-1844, 1831-1845, 1832-1846, 1833-1847, 1834-1848, 1835-1849, 1836-1850, 1837-1851, 1838-1852, 1839-1853, 1840-1854, 1841-1855, 1842-1856, 1843-1857, 1844-1858, 1845-1859, 1846-1860, 1847-1861, 1848-1862, 1849-1863, 1850-1864, 1851-1865, 1852-1866, 1853-1867, 1854-1868, 1855-1869, 1856-1870, 1857-1871, 1858-1872, 1859-1873, 1860-1874, 1861-1875, 1862-1876, 1863-1877, 1864-1878, 1865-1879, 1866-1880, 1867-1881, 1868-1882, 1869-1883, 1870-1884, 1871-1885, 1872-1886, 1873-1887, 1874-1888, 1875-1889, 1876-1890, 1877-1891, 1878-1892, 1879-1893, 1880-1894, 1881-1895, 1882-1896, 1883-1897, 1884-1898, 1885-1899, 1886-1900, 1887-1901, 1888-1902, 1889-1903, 1890-1904, 1891-1905, 1892-1906, 1893-1907, 1894-1908, 1895-1909, 1896-1910, 1897-1911, 1898-1912, 1899-1913, 1900-1914, 1901-1915, 1902-1916, 1903-1917, 1904-1918, 1905-1919, 1906-1920, 1907-1921, 1908-1922, 1909-1923, 1910-1924, 1911-1925, 1912-1926, 1913-1927, 1914-1928, 1915-1929, 1916-1930, 1917-1931, 1918-1932, 1919-1933, 1920-1934, 1921-1935, 1922-1936, 1923-1937, 1924-1938, 1925-1939, 1926-1940, 1927-1941, 1928-1942, 1929-1943, 1930-1944, 1931-1945, 1932-1946, 1933-1947, 1934-1948, 1935-1949, 1936-1950, 1937-1951, 1938-1952, 1939-1953, 1940-1954, 1941-1955, 1942-1956, 1943-1957, 1944-1958, 1945-1959, 1946-1960, 1947-1961, 1948-1962, 1949-1963, 1950-1964, 1951-1965, 1952-1966, 1953-1967, 1954-1968, 1955-1969, 1956-1970, 1957-1971, 1958-1972, 1959-1973, 1960-1974, 1961-1975, 1962-1976, 1963-1977, 1964-1978, 1965-1979, 1966-1980, 1967-1981, 1968-1982, 1969-1983, 1970-1984, 1971-1985, 1972-1986, 1973-1987, 1974-1988, 1975-1989, 1976-1990, 1977-1991, 1978-1992, 1979-1993, 1980-1994, 1981-1995, 1982-1996, 1983-1997, 1984-1998, 1985-1999, 1986-2000, 1987-2001, 1988-2002, 1989-2003, 1990-2004, 1991-2005, 1992-2006, 1993-2007, 1994-2008, 1995-2009, 1996-2010, 1997-2011, 1998-2012, 1999-2013, 2000-2014, 2001-2015, 2002-2016, 2003-2017, 2004-2018, 2005-2019, 2006-2020, 2007-2021, 2008-2022, 2009-2023, 2010-2024, 2011-2025, 2012-2026, 2013-2027, 2014-2028, 2015-2029, 2016-2030, 2017-2031, 2018-2032, 2019-2033, 2020-2034, 2021-2035, 2022-2036, 2023-2037, 2024-2038, 2025-2039, 2026-2040, 2027-2041, 2028-2042, 2029-2043, 2030-2044, 2031-2045, 2032-2046, 2033-2047, 2034-2048, 2035-2049, 2036-2050, 2037-2051, 2038-2052, 2039-2053, 2040-2054, 2041-2055, 2042-2056, 2043-2057, 2044-2058, 2045-2059, 2046-2060, 2047-2061, 2048-2062, 2049-2063, 2050-2064, 2051-2065, 2052-2066, 2053-2067, 2054-2068, 2055-2069, 2056-2070, 2057-2071, 2058-2072, 2059-2073, 2060-2074, 2061-2075, 2062-2076, 2063-2077, 2064-2078, 2065-2079, 2066-2080, 2067-2081, 2068-2082, 2069-2083, 2070-2084, 2071-2085, 2072-2086, 2073-2087, 2074-2088, 2075-2089, 2076-2090, 2077-2091, 2078-2092, 2079-2093, 2080-2094, 2081-2095, 2082-2096, 2083-2097, 2084-2098, 2085-2099, 2086-2100, 2087-2101, 2088-2102, 2089-2103, 2090-2104, 2091-2105, 2092-2106, 2093-2107, 2094-2108, 2095-2109, 2096-2110, 2097-2111, 2098-2112, 2099-2113, 2100-2114, 2101-2115, 2102-2116, 2103-2117, 2104-2118, 2105-2119, 2106-2120, 2107-2121, 2108-2122, 2109-2123, 2110-2124, 2111-2125, 2112-2126, 2113-2127, 2114-2128, 2115-2129, 2116-2130, 2117-2131, 2118-2132, 2119-2133, 2120-2134, 2121-2135, 2122-2136, 2123-2137, 2124-2138, 2125-2139, 2126-2140, 2127-2141, 2128-2142, 2129-2143, 2130-2144, 2131-2145, 2132-2146, 2133-2147, 2134-2148, 2135-2149, 2136-2150, 2137-2151, 2138-2152, 2139-2153, 2140-2154, 2141-2155, 2142-2156, 2143-2157, 2144-2158, 2145-2159, 2146-2160, 2147-2161, 2148-2162, 2149-2163, 2150-2164, 2151-2165, 2152-2166, 2153-2167, 2154-2168, 2155-2169, 2156-2170, 2157-2171, 2158-2172, 2159-2173, 2160-2174, 2161-2175, 2162-2176, 2163-2177, 2164-2178, 2165-2179, 2166-2180, 2167-2181, 2168-2182, 2169-2183, 2170-2184, 2171-2185, 2172-2186, 2173-2187, 2174-2188, 2175-2189, 2176-2190, 2177-2191, 2178-2192, 2179-2193, 2180-2194, 2181-2195, 2182-2196, 2183-2197, 2184-2198, 2185-2199, 2186-2200, 2187-2201, 2188-2202, 2189-2203, 2190-2204, 2191-2205, 2192-2206, 2193-2207, 2194-2208, 2195-2209, 2196-2210, 2197-2211, 2198-2212, 2199-2213, 2200-2214, 2201-2215, 2202-2216, 2203-2217, 2204-2218, 2205-2219, 2206-2220, 2207-2221, 2208-2222, 2209-2223, 2210-2224, 2211-2225, 2212-2226, 2213-2227, 2214-2228, 2215-2229, 2216-2230, 2217-2231, 2218-2232, 2219-2233, 2220-2234, 2221-2235, 2222-2236, 2223-2237, 2224-2238, 2225-2239, 2226-2240, 2227-2241, 2228-2242, 2229-2243, 2230-2244, 2231-2245, 2232-2246, 2233-2247, 2234-2248, 2235-2249, 2236-2250, 2237-2251, 2238-2252, 2239-2253, 2240-2254, 2241-2255, 2242-2256, 2243-2257, 2244-2258, 2245-2259, 2246-2260, 2247-2261, 2248-2262, 2249-2263, 2250-2264, 2251-2265, 2252-2266, 2253-2267, 2254-2268, 2255-2269, 2256-2270, 2257-2271, 2258-2272, 2259-2273, 2260-2274, 2261-2275, 2262-2276, 2263-2277, 2264-2278, 2265-2279, 2266-2280, 2267-2281, 2268-2282, 2269-2283, 2270-2284, 2271-2285, 2272-2286, 2273-2287, 2274-2288, 2275-2289, 2276-2290, 2277-2291, 2278-2292, 2279-2293, 2280-2294, 2281-2295, 2282-2296, 2283-2297, 2284-2298, 2285-2299, 2286-2300, 2287-2301, 2288-2302, 2289-2303, 2290-2304, 2291-2305, 2292-2306, 2293-2307, 2294-2308, 2295-2309, 2296-2310, 2297-2311, 2298-2312, 2299-2313, 2300-2314, 2301-2315, 2302-2315, 2303-2317, 2304-2318, 2305-2319, 2306-2320, 2307-2321, 2308-2322, 2309-2323, 2310-2324, 2311-2325, 2312-2326, 2313-2327, 2314-2328, 2315-2329, 2316-2330, 2317-2331, 2318-2332, 2319-2333, 2320-2334, 2321-2335, 2322-2336, 2323-2337, 2324-2338, 2325-2339, 2326-2340, 2327-2341, 2328-2342, 2329-2343, 2330-2344, 2331-2345, 2332-2346, 2333-2347, 2334-2348, 2335-2349, 2336-2350, 2337-2351, 2338-2352, 2339-2353, 2340-2354, 2341-2355, 2342-2356, 2343-2357, 2344-2358, 2345-2359, 2346-2360, 2347-2361, 2348-2362, 2349-2363, 2350-2364, 2351-2365, 2352-2366, 2353-2367, 2354-2368, 2355-2369, 2356-2370, 2357-2371, 2358-2372, 2359-2373, 2360-2374, 2361-2375, 2362-2376, 2363-2377, 2364-2378, 2365-2379, 2366-2380, 2367-2381, 2368-2382, 2369-2383, 2370-2384, 2371-2385, 2372-2386, 2373-2387, 2374-2388, 2375-2389, 2376-2390, 2377-2391, 2378-2392, 2379-2393, 2380-2394, 2381-2395, 2382-2396, 2383-2397, 2384-2398, 2385-2399, 2386-2400, 2387-2401, 2388-2402, 2389-2403, 2390-2404, 2391-2405, 2392-2406, 2393-2407, 2394-2408, 2395-2409, 2396-2410, 2397-2411, 2398-2412, 2399-2413, 2400-1412, 2401-2415, 2402-2416, 2403-2417, 2404-2418, 2405-2419, 2406-2420, 2407-2421, 2408-2422, 2409-2423, 2410-2424, 2411-2425, 2412-2426, 2413-2427, 2414-2428, 2415-2429, 2416-2430, 2417-2431, 2418-2432, 2419-2433, 2420-2434, 2421-2435, 2422-2436, 2423-2437, 2424-2438, 2425-2439, 2426-2440, 2427-2441, 2428-2442, 2429-2443, 2430-2444, 2431-2445, 2432-2446, 2433-2447, 2434-2448, 2435-2449, 2436-2450, 2437-2451, 2438-2452, 2439-2453, 2440-2454, 2441-2455, 2442-2456, 2443-2457, 2444-2458, 2445-2459, 2446-2460, 2447-2461, 2448-2462, 2449-2463, 2450-2464, 2451-2465, 2452-2466, 2453-2467, 2454-2468, 2455-2469, 2456-2470, 2457-2471, 2458-2472, 2459-2473, and 2460-2474 of SEQ ID NO:2.
EXAMPLE 8
ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES OF IGF-I RECEPTOR
Antisense oligonucleotides to the IGF-I receptor may be selected from molecules capable of interacting with one or more oligonucleotides selected from oligonucleotides having the sequence of nucleotides 1-15, 2-16, 3-17, 4-18, 5-19, 6-20, 7-21, 8-22, 9-23, 10-24, 11-25, 12-26, 13-27, 14-28, 15-29, 16-30, 17-31, 18-32, 19-33, 20-34, 21-35, 22-36, 23-37, 24-38, 25-39, 26-40, 27-41, 28-42, 29-43, 30-44, 31-45, 32-46, 33-47, 34-48, 35-49, 36-50, 37-51, 38-52, 39-53, 40-54, 41-55, 42-56, 43-57, 44-58, 45-59, 46-60, 47-61, 48-62, 49-63, 50-64, 51-65, 52-66, 53-67, 54-68, 55-69, 56-70, 57-71, 58-72, 59-73, 60-74, 61-75, 62-76, 63-77, 64-78, 65-79, 66-80, 67-81, 68-82, 69-83, 70-84, 71-85, 72-86, 73-87, 74-88, 75-89, 76-90, 77-91, 78-92, 79-93, 80-94, 81-95, 82-96, 83-97, 84-98, 85-99, 86-100, 87-101, 88-102, 89-103, 90-104, 91-105, 92-106, 93-107, 94-108, 95-109, 96-110, 97-111, 98-112, 99-113, 100-114, 101-115, 102-116, 103-117, 104-118, 105-119, 106-120, 107-121, 108-122, 109-123, 110-124, 111-125, 112-126, 113-127, 114-128, 115-129, 116-130, 117-131, 118-132, 119-133, 120-134, 121-135, 122-136, 123-137, 124-138, 125-139, 126-140, 127-141, 128-142, 129-143, 130-144, 131-145, 132-146, 133-147, 134-148, 135-149, 136-150, 137-151, 138-152, 139-153, 140-154, 141-155, 142-156, 143-157, 144-158, 145-159, 146-160, 147-161, 148-162, 149-163, 150-164, 151-165, 152-166, 153-167, 154-168, 155-169, 156-170, 157-171, 158-172, 159-173, 160-174, 161-175, 162-176, 163-177, 164-178, 165-179, 166-180, 167-181, 168-182, 169-183, 170-184, 171-185, 172-186, 173-187, 174-188, 175-189, 176-190, 177-191, 178-192, 179-193, 180-194, 181-195, 182-196, 183-197, 184-198, 185-199, 186-200, 187-201, 188-202, 189-203, 190-204, 191-205, 192-206, 193-207, 194-208, 195-209, 196-210, 197-211, 198-212, 199-213, 200-214, 201-215, 202-216, 203-217, 204-218, 205-219, 206-220, 207-221, 208-222, 209-223, 210-224, 211-225, 212-226, 213-227, 214-228, 215-229, 216-230, 217-231, 218-232, 219-233, 220-234, 221-235, 222-236, 223-237, 224-238, 225-239, 226-240, 227-241, 228-242, 229-243, 230-244, 231-245, 232-246, 233-247, 234-248, 235-249, 236-250, 237-251, 238-252, 239-253, 240-254, 241-255, 242-256, 243-257, 244-258, 245-259, 246-260, 247-261, 248-262, 249-263, 250-264, 251-265, 252-266, 253-267, 254-268, 255-269, 256-270, 257-271, 258-272, 259-273, 260-274, 261-275, 262-276, 263-277, 264-278, 265-279, 266-280, 267-281, 268-282, 269-283, 270-284, 271-285, 272-286, 273-287, 274-288, 275-289, 276-290, 277-291, 278-292, 279-293, 280-294, 281-295, 282-296, 283-297, 284-298, 285-299, 286-300, 287-301, 288-302, 289-303, 290-304, 291-305, 292-306, 293-307, 294-308, 295-309, 296-310, 297-311, 298-312, 299-313, 300-314, 301-315, 302-315, 303-317, 304-318, 305-319, 306-320, 307-321, 308-322, 309-323, 310-324, 311-325, 312-326, 313-327, 314-328, 315-329, 316-330, 317-331, 318-332, 319-333, 320-334, 321-335, 322-336, 323-337, 324-338, 325-339, 326-340, 327-341, 328-342, 329-343, 330-344, 331-345, 332-346, 333-347, 334-348, 335-349, 336-350, 337-351, 338-352, 339-353, 340-354, 341-355, 342-356, 343-357, 344-358, 345-359, 346-360, 347-361, 348-362, 349-363, 350-364, 351-365, 352-366, 353-367, 354-368, 355-369, 356-370, 357-371, 358-372, 359-373, 360-374, 361-375, 362-376, 363-377, 364-378, 365-379, 366-380, 367-381, 368-382, 369-383, 370-384, 371-385, 372-386, 373-387, 374-388, 375-389, 376-390, 377-391, 378-392, 379-393, 380-394, 381-395, 382-396, 383-397, 384-398, 385-399, 386-400, 387-401, 388-402, 389-403, 390-404, 391-405, 392-406, 393-407, 394-408, 395-409, 396-410, 397-411, 398-412, 399-413, 400-414, 401-415, 402-416, 403-417, 404-418, 405-419, 406-420, 407-421, 408-422, 409-423, 410-424, 411-425, 412-426, 413-427, 414-428, 415-429, 416-430, 417-431, 418-432, 419-433, 420-434, 421-435, 422-436, 423-437, 424-438, 425-439, 426-440, 427-441, 428-442, 429-443, 430-444, 431-445, 432-446, 433-447, 434-448, 435-449, 436-450, 437-451, 438-452, 439-453, 440-454, 441-455, 442-456, 443-457, 444-458, 445-459, 446-460, 447-461, 448-462, 449-463, 450-464, 451-465, 452-466, 453-467, 454-468, 455-469, 456-470, 457-471, 458-472, 459-473, 460-474, 461-475, 462-476, 463-477, 464-478, 465-479, 466-480, 467-481, 468-482, 469-483, 470-484, 471-485, 472-486, 473-487, 474-488, 475-489, 476-490, 477-491, 478-492, 479-493, 480-494, 481-495, 482-496, 483-497, 484-498, 485-499, 486-500, 487-501, 488-502, 489-503, 490-504, 491-505, 492-506, 493-507, 494-508, 495-509, 496-510, 497-511, 498-513, 499-514, 500-515, 501-515, 502-516, 503-517, 504-518, 505-519, 506-520, 507-521, 508-522, 509-523, 510-524, 511-525, 512-526, 513-527, 514-528, 515-529, 516-530, 517-531, 518-532, 519-533, 520-534, 521-535, 522-536, 523-537, 524-538, 525-539, 526-540, 527-541, 528-542, 529-543, 530-544, 531-545, 532-546, 533-547, 534-548, 535-549, 536-550, 537-551, 538-552, 539-553, 540-554, 541-555, 542-556, 543-557, 544-558, 545-559, 546-560, 547-561, 548-562, 549-563, 550-564, 551-565, 552-566, 553-567, 554-568, 555-569, 556-570, 557-571, 558-572, 559-573, 560-574, 561-575, 562-576, 563-577, 564-578, 565-579, 566-580, 567-581, 568-582, 569-583, 570-584, 571-585, 572-586, 573-587, 574-588, 575-589, 576-590, 577-591, 578-592, 579-593, 580-594, 581-595, 582-596, 583-597, 584-598, 585-599, 586-600, 587-601, 588-602, 589-603, 590-604, 591-605, 592-606, 593-607, 594-608, 595-609, 596-610, 597-611, 598-612, 599-613, 600-614, 601-615, 602-616, 603-617, 604-618, 605-619, 606-620, 607-621, 608-622, 609-623, 610-624, 611-625, 612-626, 613-627, 614-628, 615-629, 616-630, 617-631, 618-632, 619-633, 620-634, 621-635, 622-636, 623-637, 624-638, 625-639, 626-640, 627-641, 628-642, 629-643, 630-644, 631-645, 632-646, 633-647, 634-648, 635-649, 636-650, 637-651, 638-652, 639-653, 640-654, 641-655, 642-656, 643-657, 644-658, 645-659, 646-660, 647-661, 648-662, 649-663, 650-664, 651-665, 652-666, 653-667, 654-668, 655-669, 656-670, 657-671, 658-672, 659-673, 660-674, 661-675, 662-676, 663-677, 664-678, 665-679, 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4909-4923, 4910-4924, 4911-4925, 4912-4926, 4913-4927, 4914-4928, 4915-4929, 4916-4930, 4917-4931, 4918-4932, 4919-4933, 4920-4934, 4921-4935, 4922-4936, 4923-4937, 4924-4938, 4925-4939, 4926-4940, 4927-4941, 4928-4942, 4929-4943, 4930-4944, 4931-4945, 4932-4946, 4933-4947, 4934-4948, 4935-4949, 4936-4950, 4937-4951, 4938-4952, 4939-4953, 4940-4954, 4941-4955, 4942-4956, 4943-4957, 4944-4958, 4945-4959, 4946-4960, 4947-4961, 4948-4962, 4949-4963, 4950-4964, 4951-4965, 4952-4966, 4953-4967, 4954-4968, 4955-4969, 4956-4970, 4957-4971, 4958-4972, 4959-4973, 4960-4974, 4961-4975, 4962-4976, 4963-4977, 4964-4978, 4965-4979, 4966-4980, 4967-4981, 4968-4982, 4969-4983, 4970-4984, 4971-4985, 4972-4986, 4973-4987, 4974-4988 and 4975-4989 of SEQ ID NO:3.
EXAMPLE 9
INHIBITION OF IGF-I BINDING BY ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES TO IGF-I RECEPTOR
Sub-confluent HaCaT cells were treated as described above with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides IGFR.AS (antisense: 5'-ATCTCTCCGCTTCCTTTC-3'; �SEQ ID NO. 10!; ref 13) and IGFR.S (sense control: 5'-GAAAGGAAGCGGAGAGAT-3'; �SEQ ID NO. 11!; ref 13) IGF-I binding to the cell monolayers was then measured as .sup.125 I-IGF-I.
EXAMPLE 10
INHIBITION OF IGFBP-3 PRODUCTION USING ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
The results of this experiment are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
HaCaT cells were initially plated in DMEM with 10% v/v serum, then AS oligo experiments were performed in complete "Keratinocyte-SFM" (Gibco) to exclude the influence of exogenous IGFBPs. Oligos were synthesised as phosphorothioate (nuclease-resistant) derivatives (Bresatec, South Australia) and were as follows: antisense: AS2 (SEQ ID NO:4), 5'-GCGCCCGCTGCATGACGCCTGCAAC-3' (IGFBP-3 start codon); controls: AS2NS (SEQ ID NO:8), 5'-CGGAGATGCCGCATGCCAGCGCAGG-3'; AS4 (SEQ ID NO:6), 5'-AGGCGGCTGACGGCACTA-3'; AS4NS (SEQ ID NO:9), 5'-GACAGCGTCGGAGCGATC-3'; IGFRAS (SEQ ID NO:10), 5'-ATCTCTCCGCTTCCTTTC-3'; IGFRS (SEQ ID NO:11), 5'-GAAAGGAAGCGGAGAGAT-3'. Oligos to IGFBP-3 were based on the published sequence of Spratt et al �12!. AS oligos were added to HaCaT monolayers in 0.5 ml medium in 24-well plates at the concentrations and addition frequencies indicated. IGFBP-3 measured in cell-conditioned medium using a dot-blot assay, adapted from the Western ligand blot method of Hossenlopp et al �11!, in which 100 .mu.l of conditioned medium was applied to nitrocellulose filters with a vacuum dot-blot apparatus. After drying the membranes at 37.degree. C., relative amounts of IGFBP are determined by .sup.125 I-IGF-I-binding, autoradiography and computerised imaging densitometry. Triplicate wells (except in FIG. 7, where duplicate wells were measured as shown) were analysed and corrected for changes in cell number per well. Relative cell number per well was determined using an amido black dye method, developed specifically for cultured monolayers of HaCaT cells (14). Cell numbers differed by less than 10% after treatment. For oligos to the IGF receptor, receptor quantitation in intact HaCaT monolayers was by overnight incubation with .sup.125 I-IGF-I (30,000 cpm/well) at 4.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 11
INHIBITION OF IGFBP-2 PRODUCTION USING RIBOZYMES
Experiments involving ribozymes are generally conducted as described in International Patent Application No. WO 89/05852 and in Haselhoff and Gerlach �8!. Ribozymes are constructed with a hybridising region which is complementary in nucleotide sequence to at least part of a target RNA which, in this case, encodes IGFBP-2. Activity of ribozymes is measurable on, for example, Northern blots or using animal models such as in the nude mouse model (15; 16) or the "flaky skin" mouse model (17; 18).
EXAMPLE 12
INHIBITION OF IGFBP-3 PRODUCTION USING RIBOZYMES
The methods described in Example 11 are used for the screening of ribozymes which inhibit IGFBP-3 production. The activity of the ribozymes is determined as in Example 11.
EXAMPLE 13
INHIBITION OF IGF-1 PRODUCTION USING RIBOZYMES
The methods described in Example 11 are used for the screening of ribozymes which inhibit IGF-1 production. The activity of the ribozymes is determined as in Example 11.
EXAMPLE 14
INHIBITION OF IGF-1 RECEPTOR PRODUCTION USING RIBOZYMES
The methods described in Example 11 are used for the screening of ribozymes which inhibit IGF-1 production. The activity of the ribozymes is determined as in Example 11.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate at the invention described herein is susceptible to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be understood that the invention includes all such variations and modifications. The invention also includes all of the steps, features, compositions and compounds referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or collectively, and any and all combinations of any two or more of said steps or features.
REFERENCES:
1. Sara V. Physiological Reviews 70: 591-614, 1990.
2. Rechler M. M. and Brown A. L. Growth Regulation 2: 55-68, 1992.
3. Clemmons D. R. Growth Regn 2: 80, 1992.
4. Oakes S. R., K. M. Haynes, M. J. Waters, A. C. Herington and G. A. Werther J. Clin Endocrinol Metab 73: 1368-1373, 1992.
5. Camacho-Hubner C. et al. J. Biol Chem 267: 11949-11956, 1992.
6. Neely K. E. et al. J. Inv Derm 96: 104, 1991.
7. Ts'O POP, Aurelian L., Chang E. and Miller P. S. Nonionic oligonucleotide analogs (Matagen TM) as anticodic agents in duplex and triplex formation. in "Antisense Strategies", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 660: 159-177 (Baserga R. and Denhardt D. T., eds.), 1993.
8. Haseloff J. and Gerlach L. Nature 334: 586-591, 1988.
9. Boukamp P., Petrussevska R. T., Breitkreuz D., Hornung J., Markham A., Fusenig N. E. J. Cell Biol 106: 761-771, 1988.
10. Rheinwald and Green Cell 6: 331-344, 1975.
11. Hossenlopp P., Seurin D., Segovia-Quinson B., Hardouin S., Binoux M. Anal Biochem 154: 138-143, 1986.
12. Spratt S. K., Tatsuno G. P., Yamanaka M. K., Ark B. C., Detmer J., Mascarenhas D., Flynn J., Talkington-Verser C., Spencer E. M. Growth Factors 3: 63-72, 1990.
13. Pietrzkowski, Z., Sell C., Lammers R., Ullrich A. and Baserga R. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12: 3883-3889, 1992.
14. Schulz J., Dettlaff S., Fritzsche U., Harms U., Schiebel H., Derer W., Fusenig N. E., Hulsen A. and Bohm M. J. Immunol. Meth. 167: 1-13, 1994.
15. Baker B. S., Brent L., Valdimarsson H., Powles A. V., Al-Imara L., Walker M. and Fry L. Brit. J. Bermatol 126: 105-110, 1992.
16. Nanney L. B. et al J. Invest. Bermatol 98: 296-301, 1992.
17. Sundberg J. P. et al Immunol. Investigations 22: 389-401, 1993.
18. Sundberg J. P. et al J. Invest. Dermatol 102: 781-788, 1994.
__________________________________________________________________________# SEQUENCE LISTING- (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:- (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 11- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 1433 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: Coding Se - #quence (B) LOCATION: 118...1101 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: (A) NAME/KEY: Coding Se - #quence (B) LOCATION: 118...234 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: (A) NAME/KEY: Coding Se - #quence (B) LOCATION: 235...1101 (D) OTHER INFORMATION:- (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Binkert, C - #., et al. (B) TITLE: Cloning, seq - #uence analysis and expression... (C) JOURNAL: EMBO J. (D) VOLUME: 8 (E) ISSUE: 1989 (F) PAGES: 2497-2502 (G) DATE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:#GGGCCGTGCA 60GAGGAGG AAGAAGCGGA GGAGGCGGCT CCCGCTCGCA#CGCCAGC ATG 120CCGCTCG CTCGCTCGCC CGCCGCGCCG CGCTGCCGAC# Met# 1#CTG CCG CCG CCG CCG CTG 168CG CTG CCG#Leu Pro Pro Pro Pro Leu Pro Ala Leu Pro# 15#CTG GGC GCG AGT GGC GGC 216TG CTG CTA#Leu Gly Ala Ser Gly Gly Leu Leu Leu Leu# 30#CGC TGC CCG CCC TGC ACA 264TG CTG TTC#Arg Cys Pro Pro Cys Thr Glu Val Leu Phe# 45#CCG GTT GCG CCG CCC GCC 312GG CCC CCG#Pro Val Ala Pro Pro Ala Cys Gly Pro Pro# 65#ATG CCA TGC GCG GAG CTC 360GC GCC CGC#Met Pro Cys Ala Glu Leu Gly Gly Ala Arg# 80#GTG TGC GCC CGG CTG GAG 408GC TGC TCG#Val Cys Ala Arg Leu Glu Gly Cys Cys Ser# 95#TGC GGC CAG GGG CTG CGC 456CC CCG CGC#Cys Gly Gln Gly Leu Arg Tyr Thr Pro Arg# 110#CTG CAG GCG CTG GTC ATG 504AG CTG CCC#Leu Gln Ala Leu Val Met Ser Glu Leu Pro# 125#GCC GAG TAT GGC GCC AGC 552GC CGG GAC#Ala Glu Tyr Gly Ala Ser Lys Arg Arg Asp#145#CAC TCA GAA GGA GGC CTG 600GC GAT GAC#His Ser Glu Gly Gly Leu Asn Gly Asp Asp# 160#ATG TTG GGC GGG GGA GGC 648CC ATG AAC#Met Leu Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Thr Met Asn# 175#ATG AAG GAG CTG GCC GTG 696AG TCG GGT#Met Lys Glu Leu Ala Val Leu Lys Ser Gly# 190#CAG ATG GGC AAG GGT GGC 744AG CAC CGG#Gln Met Gly Lys Gly Gly Glu Gln His Arg# 205#AAG CTG CGA CCA CCC CCT 792AG CCC AAG#Lys Leu Arg Pro Pro Pro Glu Glu Pro Lys#225#CAG GTC CTG GAG CGG ATC 840AA CTG GAC#Gln Val Leu Glu Arg Ile Gln Glu Leu Asp# 240#CCT CTG GAG CAC CTC TAC 888AG CGG GGC#Pro Leu Glu His Leu Tyr Asp Glu Arg Gly# 255#GGC CTG TAC AAC CTC AAA 936AC AAG CAT#Gly Leu Tyr Asn Leu Lys Cys Asp Lys His# 270#GGG GAG TGC TGG TGT GTG 984GG CAG CGT#Gly Glu Cys Trp Cys Val Asn Gly Gln Arg# 285#GCC CCC ACC ATC CGG GGG 1032TC CAG GGA#Ala Pro Thr Ile Arg Gly Leu Ile Gln Gly#305#CAG CAG GAG GCT TGC GGG 1080AC AAT GAG#Gln Gln Glu Ala Cys Gly Phe Tyr Asn Glu# 320- GTG CAC ACC CAG CGG ATG CAG TAGACCGCAG CCAGC - #CGGTG CCTGGCGCCC CTGC1135 Val His Thr Gln Arg Met Gln 325#GGGTGCTGGA 1195CCAAACA CCGGCAGAAA ACGGAGAGTG CTTGGGTGGT#CGAGCTCGGC 1255CTGACAC ACGTATTTAT ATTTGGAAAG AGACCAGCAC#TTGCTTTCCC 1315CTCTCTT CCCAGCTGCA GATGCCACAC CTGCTCCTTC#GGGGGAAGAG 1375GGGTTGT GGTCGGGGAG CTGGGGTACA GGTTTGGGGA#GGAAAAGT 1433TGAACCC CTGTGTCCCT TTTGCATAAG ATTAAAGGAA- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 2474 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: Coding Se - #quence (B) LOCATION: 110...982 (D) OTHER INFORMATION:- (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Wood, W.I. - #, et al.#expression of the growth... and (C) JOURNAL: Mol. Endoc - #rinol. (D) VOLUME: 2 (E) ISSUE: 1988 (F) PAGES: 1176-1185 (G) DATE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:#CTGTCGCCCC 60CGCTTCC TGCCTGGATT CCACAGCTTC GCGCCGTGTA#ATG CAG CGG 118AGCCTG CCAAGCAGCG TGCCCCGGTT GCAGGCGTC# Met Gln Arg# 1#ACT CTG CTG GTG CTG CTC 166CT GCG CTG#Thr Leu Leu Val Leu Leu Ala Ala Ala Leu# 15#AGC TCG GGG GGC TTG GGT 214CT GGC GCG#Ser Ser Gly Gly Leu Gly Arg Ala Gly Ala# 35#CGT GCA CTG GCC CAG TGC 262GC GAC GCG#Arg Ala Leu Ala Gln Cys Pro Cys Asp Ala# 50#GTG CGC GAG CCG GGC TGC 310CG GAG CTG#Val Arg Glu Pro Gly Cys Cys Ala Glu Leu# 65#GGC CAG CCG TGC GGC ATC 358TG AGC GAG#Gly Gln Pro Cys Gly Ile Ala Leu Ser Glu# 80#TGC CAG CCG TCG CCC GAC 406GC CTT CGC#Cys Gln Pro Ser Pro Asp Ser Gly Leu Arg# 95#GGC CGC GGG CTC TGC GTC 454TG CTG GAC#Gly Arg Gly Leu Cys Val Ala Leu Leu Asp#115#TAC CTG CTG CCA GCG CCG 502TG CGC GCC#Tyr Leu Leu Pro Ala Pro Arg Leu Arg Ala# 130#GAA GAC CGC AGC GCC GGC 550AG TCG GAG#Glu Asp Arg Ser Ala Gly Ser Glu Ser Glu# 145#CAC CGG GTG TCT GAT CCC 598CC AGC ACG#His Arg Val Ser Asp Pro Val Ser Ser Thr# 160#ATC ATC AAG AAA GGG CAT 646AG ATA ATC#Ile Ile Lys Lys Gly His Ser Lys Ile Ile# 175#TAC GAG TCT CAG AGC ACA 694AA GTT GAC#Tyr Glu Ser Gln Ser Thr Tyr Lys Val Asp#195#CGG GAG ACA GAA TAT GGT 742AG TCC AAG#Arg Glu Thr Glu Tyr Gly Ser Glu Ser Lys# 210#AAT CAC CTG AAG TTC CTC 790AC ACA CTG#Asn His Leu Lys Phe Leu Glu Asp Thr Leu# 225#CCC AAC TGT GAC AAG AAG 838TA CAC ATT#Pro Asn Cys Asp Lys Lys Gly Val His Ile# 240#TCC AAA GGC AGG AAG CGG 886GT CGC CCT#Ser Lys Gly Arg Lys Arg Gln Cys Arg Pro# 255#CAG CCT CTC CCA GGC TAC 934AG TAT GGG#Gln Pro Leu Pro Gly Tyr Asp Lys Tyr Gly#275#TAC AGC ATG CAG AGC AAG T 983TG CAC TGC#Tyr Ser Met Gln Ser Lys Asp Val His Cys# 290#AAAAGACTGC 1043AAGTTAA TGTGGAGCTC AAATATGCCT TATTTTGCAC#TGGTGAACTG 1103AGCAGCT GGCTACAGCC TCGATTTATA TTTCTGTTTG#TCTTTGAATG 1163CAAAGTT TAGAAAGAGG TTTTTGAAAT GCCTATGGTT#AATTTTCTTG 1223TCTTTTC ACTTTCCAGT AGTCAGCAAA GAGCAGTTTG#TGCGCCCGTG 1283AAATATT CAGAGACTCG AGCACAGCAC CCAGACTTCA#TAGGCGGCTG 1343ATGTTGG TCGAAGCGGC CGACCACTGA CTTTGTGACT#ACAGGCTTTA 1403GAGAACA CGCTTCACCC CCACTCCCCG TACAGTGCGC#TGCTCCTGGA 1463AACCTTT AAACCCCGGT CATCCGGACA TCCCAACGCA#AACCAAGAAG 1523TGTGGTG TCATTTCTGA AACAAGGGCG TGGATCCCTC#ATAAGGTGGA 1583TCAAGTG ACCTGTACTG CTTGGGGACT ATTGGAGAAA#GGAACCTATA 1643AAAAAAT ATGTATCTAA GAATGTTCTA GGGCACTCTG#CCCAGTCGAA 1703CGGGCCC TCCTCTTCAG GAATCTTCCT GAAGACATGG#ACGGGAGAGT 1763TTTTGCT GCGGCCCCGT GGGGTAGGAG GGACAGAGAG#ACTGCAGAAA 1823CAGAGGC ATCACAAGTA ATGGCACAAT TCTTCGGATG#AGCTCTTTAA 1883GTTCAAC AACTCAAGAC GAAGCTTATT TCTGAGGATA#TAAAAAAGAA 1943TTTTCAT CTCTCATCTT TTGTCCTCCT TAGCACAATG#GGACACTGGG 2003ACAGGAA GGAGGAATGG CTTGCTGGGG AGCCCATCCA#TTTTCTTTAT 2063TCACCCA TGTTTGTTGA ACTTAGAGTC ATTCTCATGC#ACATAGCCCC 2123ATGCAGA GAAGATATGT TCTTGTTAAC ATTGTATACA#CTATATGATA 2183TCTATAC TAGATAATCC TAGATGAAAT GTTAGAGATG#CTCTCCCGGA 2243GACTGAG GAAAGGAGCT CACGCCCAGA GACTGGGCTG#TGCTGCAGAC 2303AAGGTCT GGCAAAGTCA GGCTCAGGGA GACTCTGCCC#TCAAGACATT 2363CACGCTG CATAGAGCTC TCCTTGAAAA CAGAGGGGTC#GTATTTTTGA 2423AGCTTTT CTTTATTTTT TTAACTTTTT GGGGGGAAAA#T 2474CAATGTA TTTATAAATA GTAAATAAAG TTTTTACCAT- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 4989 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:- (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Ullrich, A - #., et al.#growth factor I receptor...-like (C) JOURNAL: EMBO J. (D) VOLUME: 5 (E) ISSUE: 1986 (F) PAGES: 2503-2512 (G) DATE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:#GTCTGGCTCC 60TGAGAAA GGGAATTTCA TCCCAAATAA AAGGAATGAA#GCTCTCGCTC 120CGACCTC GCTGTGGGGG CTCCTGTTTC TCTCCGCCGC#CTATCAGCAG 180GAGAAAT CTGCGGGCCA GGCATCGACA TCCGCAACGA#GCTCATCTCC 240AGAACTG CACGGTGATC GAGGGCTACC TCCACATCCT#CGAGTACTTG 300ACCGCAG CTACCGCTTC CCCAAGCTCA CGGTCATTAC#CCTCACGGTC 360TGGCTGG CCTCGAGAGC CTCGGAGACC TCTTCCCCAA#GACCAATCTC 420AACTCTT CTACAACTAC GCCCTGGTCA TCTTCGAGAT#GATTGAGAAA 480TTTACAA CCTGAGGAAC ATTACTCGGG GGGCCATCAG#TGCGGTGTCC 540GTTACCT CTCCACTGTG GACTGGTCCC TGATCCTGGA#TCCAGGGACC 600TGGGGAA TAAGCCCCCA AAGGAATGTG GGGACCTGTG#CTACCGCTGC 660CGATGTG TGAGAAGACC ACCATCAACA ATGAGTACAA#GGCGTGCACC 720GCTGCCA GAAAATGTGC CCAAGCACGT GTGGGAAGCG#TGACAACGAC 780GCTGCCA CCCCGAGTGC CTGGGCAGCT GCAGCGCGCC#TGCCTGCCCG 840CTTGCCG CCACTACTAC TATGCCGGTG TCTGTGTGCC#CGCCAACATC 900GGTTTGA GGGCTGGCGC TGTGTGGACC GTGACTTCTG#GTGCATGCAG 960GCAGCGA CTCCGAGGGG TTTGTGATCC ACGACGGCGA#CCCTTGTGAA 1020GCTTCAT CCGCAACGGC AGCCAGAGCA TGTACTGCAT#TTCTGTTACT 1080AGGTCTG TGAGGAAGAA AAGAAAACAA AGACCATTGA#TAACATCCGA 1140TCCAAGG ATGCACCATC TTCAAGGGCA ATTTGCTCAT#GGTGGTGACG 1200TTGCTTC AGAGCTGGAG AACTTCATGG GGCTCATCGA#AAAAAACCTT 1260TCCGCCA TTCTCATGCC TTGGTCTCCT TGTCCTTCCT#CCTCGACAAC 1320GAGAGGA GCAGCTAGAA GGGAATTACT CCTTCTACGT#AGCAGGGAAA 1380AACTGTG GGACTGGGAC CACCGCAACC TGACCATCAA#GGAGGAAGTG 1440TCAATCC CAAATTATGT GTTTCCGAAA TTTACCGCAT#CGGGGAGAGA 1500GGCGCCA AAGCAAAGGG GACATAAACA CCAGGAACAA#GAATCGCATC 1560GTGACGT CCTGCATTTC ACCTCCACCA CCACGTCGAA#CTTCACCGTT 1620ACCGGTA CCGGCCCCCT GACTACAGGG ATCTCATCAG#TGCCTGCGGC 1680CACCCTT TAAGAATGTC ACAGAGTATG ATGGGCAGGA#GGAGCCCGGC 1740ACATGGT GGACGTGGAC CTCCCGCCCA ACAAGGACGT#GGCTGTGACC 1800GGCTGAA GCCCTGGACT CAGTACGCCG TTTACGTCAA#GTACATTCGC 1860AGAACGA CCATATCCGT GGGGCCAAGA GTGAGATCTT#CTCCTCTTCT 1920TTCCTTC CATTCCCTTG GACGTTCTTT CAGCATCGAA#TTACTACATT 1980AGTGGAA CCCTCCCTCT CTGCCCAACG GCAACCTGAG#CTGCTCCAAA 2040GGCAGCC TCAGGACGGC TACCTTTACC GGCACAATTA#GGTCACAGAG 2100TCAGGAA GTATGCCGAC GGCACCATCG ACATTGAGGA#CCCCAAAACT 2160AGGTGTG TGGTGGGGAG AAAGGGCCTT GCTGCGCCTG#TGAGAATTTC 2220AGGCCGA GAAGGAGGAG GCTGAATACC GCAAAGTCTT#CATGCAAGTG 2280TCTTCGT GCCCAGACCT GAAAGGAAGC GGAGAGATGT#CTACAACATC 2340TGTCCAG CCGAAGCAGG AACACCACGG CCGCAGACAC#GGATAACAAG 2400AGCTGGA GACAGAGTAC CCTTTCTTTG AGAGCAGAGT#TATCCACAGC 2460TTTCTAA CCTTCGGCCT TTCACATTGT ACCGCATCGA#TGCAAGGACT 2520CTGAGAA GCTGGGCTGC AGCGCCTCCA ACTTCGTCTT#AAGGCCTGAA 2580GAGCAGA TGACATTCCT GGGCCAGTGA CCTGGGAGCC#TCTAATGTAT 2640TAAAGTG GCCGGAACCT GAGAATCCCA ATGGATTGAT#ACAGGAATAC 2700GATCACA AGTTGAGGAT CAGCGAGAAT GTGTGTCCAG#AGCCCGGATT 2760GGGCCAA GCTAAACCGG CTAAACCCGG GGAACTACAC#CTATGTCCAG 2820TCTCTGG GAATGGGTCG TGGACAGATC CTGTGTTCTT#CGCTGTCCTG 2880ATGAAAA CTTCATCCAT CTGATCATCG CTCTGCCCGT#AAATAACAGC 2940GGTTGGT GATTATGCTG TACGTCTTCC ATAGAAAGAG#CGCTGCTGAT 3000GAGTGCT GTATGCCTCT GTGAACCCGG AGTACTTCAG#CCGGGAACTT 3060ATGAGTG GGAGGTGGCT CGGGAGAAGA TCACCATGAG#GAAAGATGAA 3120TTGGGAT GGTCTATGAA GGAGTTGCCA AGGGTGTGGT#TGAGAGGATT 3180TGGCCAT TAAAACAGTG AACGAGGCCG CAAGCATGCG#GGTGCGATTG 3240AAGCTTC TGTGATGAAG GAGTTCAATT GTCACCATGT#GACACGGGGC 3300CCCAAGG CCAGCCAACA CTGGTCATCA TGGAACTGAT#AGTCCTAGCA 3360ATCTCCG GTCTCTGAGG CCAGAAATGG AGAATAATCC#CATGGCATAC 3420GCAAGAT GATTCAGATG GCCGGAGAGA TTGCAGACGG#GGTAGCCGAA 3480AGTTCGT CCACAGAGAC CTTGCTGCCC GGAATTGCAT#GACAGACTAT 3540AAATCGG AGATTTTGGT ATGACGCGAG ATATCTATGA#GTCCCTCAAG 3600GCAAAGG GCTGCTGCCC GTGCGCTGGA TGTCTCCTGA#CTGGGAGATC 3660CCACTTA CTCGGACGTC TGGTCCTTCG GGGTCGTCCT#TCGCTTCGTC 3720AGCAGCC CTACCAGGGC TTGTCCAACG AGCAAGTCCT#TGAACTGATG 3780TTCTGGA CAAGCCAGAC AACTGTCCTG ACATGCTGTT#CATCAGCAGC 3840AGTATAA CCCCAAGATG AGGCCTTCCT TCCTGGAGAT#CGAGGAGAAC 3900TGGAGCC TGGCTTCCGG GAGGTCTCCT TCTACTACAG#CGTCCCCCTG 3960CGGAGGA GCTGGACCTG GAGCCAGAGA ACATGGAGAG#ACACAAGGCC 4020CCTCGTC CTCCCTGCCA CTGCCCGACA GACACTCAGG#GAGACAGCCT 4080GCCCTGG GGTGCTGGTC CTCCGCGCCA GCTTCGACGA#CCAGTCTTCG 4140ACGGGGG CCGCAAGAAC GAGCGGGCCT TGCCGCTGCC#CGCGCAGCGG 4200TGGATCC TGAATCTGTG CAAACAGTAA CGTGTGCGCA#CTCAGTGGAT 4260AGAGAGT TTTAACAATC CATTCACAAG CCTCCTGTAC#CACATTTGGG 4320CTTGCTG CCCGCGGGAG ACAGCTTCTC TGCAGTAAAA#TTAACTGACA 4380CAATATG CAAGCAGCTT TTTATTCCCT GCCCAAACCC#AGAACCAGTC 4440ACCTTAA TGACAACACT TAATAGCAAC AGAGCACTTG#GCTTCATAAC 4500CCTGTCC TTCCCTGTTC TCCCTTTCTC TCTCCTCTCT#AGGAAGTGGC 4560CCACAAG TCCAGCTGGG AAGCCCTTTT TATCAGTTTG#GTCATTACAA 4620CCATCCA ACCACTGTAC ACACCCGCCT GACACCGTGG#GACATGAAAT 4680GATGGAA ATTTTTACCT TTATCTTTCA CCTTTCTAGG#AATTTTGCCA 4740TCGTTCA TCCAAGGCTG TTACCATTTT AACGCTGCCT#GAGGCATGGG 4800TCTCCCT CATCGGCCCG GCGCTGATTC CTCGTGTCCG#CCGTCCATCC 4860TGGTTGC TCCATTTGAG AGACACGCTG GCGACACACT#TTCTGACTAG 4920GTGCTGC TCAAGGCCAC AGGCACACAG GTCTCATTGC#GGGGAGAAGC 4980GGAACTG GACACAATAG GTCTTTCTCT CAGTGAAGGT# 4989- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 25 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:# 25 GCCT GCAAC- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 24 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:# 24AGCT GGCG- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 18 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:# 18 TA- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 19 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:# 19 GGC- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 25 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:# 25 CAGC GCAGG- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 18 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:# 18 TC- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 18 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:# 18 TC- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 18 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA- (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (v) FRAGMENT TYPE:- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11:# 18 AT__________________________________________________________________________

Number	Name	Date	Kind
5585479	Hoke et al.	Dec 1996
5643788	Baserga et al.	Jul 1997

Number	Date	Country
9422486	Oct 1994	WOX
9423034	Oct 1994	WOX
9610401	Apr 1996	WOX

Method for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of proliferative and/or inflammatory skin disorders

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US Referenced Citations (2)

Foreign Referenced Citations (3)

Non-Patent Literature Citations (13)

Entry
Antisense '97: A roundtable on the state of the industry. Nature Biotechnology 15: 519-524, Jun. 1997.
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Stull et al. Antigene, ribozyme and aptamer nucleic acid drugs: Progress and prospects. Pharm. Res. 12: 465-483, Apr. 1995.
Rojanasakul. Antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics: Drug delivery and targeting. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 18:115-131, 1996.
Gouy, M. Secondary structure prediction of RNA, in Nucleic Acid and Protein Sequence Analysis: A Practical Approach, Bishop et al, eds. IRL Press, Oxford, pp. 259-284, 1987.
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"Regulation of IGFBP Secretion and Modulation of Cell Growth in MDBK Cells" by W.S. Cohick et al.; pp. 20-23; University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology. 1993.
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"The Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Is Expressed by Epithelial Cells with Proliferative Potential in Human Epidermis and Skin Appendages: Correlation of Increased Expression with Epidermal Hyperplasia" by Hodak et al.; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology; pp. 564-570. 1996.