Patent Application
20080236203
This is a continuation application of PCT/JP2006/308232 filed Apr. 19, 2006 which claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-182468 filed Jun. 22, 2005, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a processing method of an optical fiber. In more detail, the present invention relates to a processing method for improving a hydrogen resistance characteristic of an optical fiber employed for a transmission medium of an optical signal.
2. Related Art
In an optical fiber, the peak (hereinafter referred to as “WP”) of an absorption loss attributable to the OH-group in the optical fiber lies in the band of a wavelength of 1383 nm. For this reason, in optical communication using an optical fiber as a transmission medium, a wavelength band around 1400 nm is not used as a signal wavelength. However, as a communication technology such as CWDM and a technology such as a Raman amplification have been developed, an optical fiber whose WP is extremely small has come to be demanded.
WP is known to increase when an optical fiber is exposed to an atmosphere containing hydrogen. An optical fiber tends to include such structural defects as Si/(E′ center), Si—O/(non bridging oxygen hole center, NBOHC), Si—O-O/(peroxy radical) in many cases. The mechanism for W) increase due to oxygen is considered such that diffused oxygen is combined with NBOHC to form an OH-group. Taking into consideration that an optical fiber once installed will be used for a long period of time, an optical fiber whose hydrogen resistance characteristic is high is desired for maintaining a small W) not only in the initial state but also even after the optical fiber is exposed to an atmosphere containing hydrogen.
Patent document No. 1, patent document No. 2, and patent document No. 3 disclose a method of improving a hydrogen resistance characteristic of an optical fiber by performing deuterium processing for exposing the optical fiber to an atmosphere containing deuterium. Furthermore, non-patent document No. 1 recites that when an optical fiber is exposed to deuterium, the absorption due to deuterium molecules is observed with a peak centering around the wavelength of 1714 nm.
A hydrogen resistance characteristic of an optical fiber is evaluated by a test method defined in an international standard IEC 60793-2. This test method is performed as follows. First, an optical fiber to be evaluated is exposed to an atmosphere containing 1% hydrogen and at a room temperature and at normal pressures, until the loss at the wavelength of 1240 nm becomes 0.03 dB/km or above. Next, after leaving the resulting optical fiber in the atmosphere for 14 days, WP thereof is measured and is compared to the value prior to the test.
In the above-described method, it takes about 3 to 7 days, before the loss of an optical fiber at the wavelength of 1240 nm becomes 0.03 dB/km or above. This further means that it takes about 3 weeks before being able to evaluate the hydrogen resistance characteristic of the optical fiber. Consequently, such an evaluation method is not suitable as a product evaluation method for use during industrial optical fiber production processes. Moreover, according to this method, it becomes necessary to cut off a measurement sample of a length of 1 km or above from an optical fiber to be evaluated, and the evaluation sample is doomed to be discarded after the evaluation. This will reduce the real yield ratio of the product, which constitutes another reason why this evaluation method is not suitable for industrial application.
In contrast, a non-patent document No. 2 reports that, when an optical fiber is exposed to an atmosphere containing hydrogen, the absorption peak around the wavelength of 630 nm is lowered. That is, there are cases where, when the loss of the optical fiber is measured, the absorption peak is generated around the wavelength of 630 nm. This absorption peak around the wavelength of 630 nm is considered to be attributed to NBOHC. In addition, a patent document No. 4 discloses a relationship between the absorption loss of the wavelength at 630 nm and WP. It is contemplated to evaluate the hydrogen resistance characteristic by measuring the absorption loss at the wavelength of 630 nm, based on this relationship.
However, patent document No. 4 does not mention a determining method of the absorption peak around 630 nm. Patent document No. 4 does not mention the activity of the absorption peak around 630=m, when the optical fiber is exposed to an atmosphere containing deuterium at all either. Taking into account the fact that the Rayleigh scatter coefficient A can differ for each optical fiber in the following expression 1 showing the loss a of an optical fiber, there will be cases where the size of the absorption peak around 630 nm cannot be effectively determined depending on the difference in Rayleigh scatter coefficient A unless the determining method of an absorption peak is not determined. In contrast, patent document No. 5 discloses that NBOHC was confirmed to be vanished due to the effect of the deuterium processing, by examining the change in loss in the band having a wavelength of 630 nm.
α=A/λ4+α1M+αIR(λ)+αother(λ) Expression 1
In the above expression 1, α represents a loss, A represents a Rayleigh scatter coefficient, α1M represents a structure incompletion loss, αIR represents an infrared absorption loss, and mother represents other types of absorption loss attributable to impurity or the like.
As disclosed above, some optical fibers are required to be endowed with a high hydrogen resistance characteristic depending on their usages. An optical fiber for such a usage desirably undergoes an evaluation for its hydrogen resistance characteristic during the manufacturing process. However, the test operation for the hydrogen resistance evaluation test defined in IEC 60793-2 takes a great amount of time, and an optical fiber used as a measurement sample has to be discarded eventually.
In view of this, it is proposed to confirm the effect of the deuterium processing according to the method recited in Patent Document No. 5. However, the loss of an optical fiber at the wavelength of 630 nm is extremely large as about 7 dB/km in the state where there is no defect in the optical fiber. In addition, in many cases the optical fiber as an industrial product is such that 25 km or above of optical fiber is wound to one spool. It is not possible to measure the loss at the wavelength of 630 nm for the entire spool. P art of the optical fiber wound to the spool should be cut off to be used as a measurement sample, for confirming the effect of the deuterium processing. Accordingly, there still remains a problem that part of the product is doomed to be discarded as a measurement sample.
In view of this, demanded is a method enabling to easily and assuredly confirm that deuterium processing has been sufficiently pursued, and also enabling to finish an evaluation operation in a short period of time. Another technical problem to be solved is to reduce the amount of optical fiber discarded incident to measurement of the deuterium processing effect.
In view of this, it is an object of one aspect of the innovation included in the present specification to provide a processing method for an optical fiber that is capable of solving the foregoing problems. This object is achieved by combinations of features described in the independent claims. The dependent claims define further advantageous and concrete examples of the present invention.
According to a first aspect related to the innovations herein, one exemplary processing method for an optical fiber includes: monitoring a loss value of the optical fiber with respect to propagation light having a wavelength at or in the vicinity of 1714 nm after the optical fiber is exposed to deuterium; and ending the exposure of the optical fiber to the deuterium when a change quantity of the loss value has exceeded a predetermined value. According to this, it becomes possible to conduct deuterium processing by confirming its effect. This helps assuredly achieve an effect, and avoid to take an excessive process time. Moreover, since it becomes unnecessary to conduct an evaluation test after the deuterium processing, it is possible to reduce the time required until the optical fiber product is shipped. Furthermore, it becomes unnecessary to cut off a sample for evaluation purpose, and so the yield ratio of the product will be enhanced.
According to a second aspect related to the innovations herein, one exemplary processing method for an optical fiber includes: measuring a loss value of the optical fiber by means of causing propagation light having a wavelength at or in the vicinity of 1714 nm to be incident from one end of the optical fiber exposed to the deuterium, and by means of monitoring the propagation light emitted from the other end of the optical fiber, and measuring a loss value of the optical fiber; and ending the exposure of the optical fiber to the deuterium when a change quantity of the loss value has exceeded a predetermined value. According to this, it is possible to monitor the loss change for the optical fiber with use of a simple apparatus, during the deuterium processing. In addition, it is possible to monitor the loss change for the entire optical fiber, without cutting off part of the optical fiber as a test sample.
Furthermore in one exemplary processing method for an optical fiber, a wavelength for which the loss value is monitored is in the range between 1709 nm or more and 1719 nm or less. According to this, it is possible to assuredly detect diffusion of deuterium and extinction of NBOHC. In addition, it is possible to monitor the entire optical fiber being the target.
Furthermore, in one exemplary processing method for an optical fiber, the predetermined value is a value obtained by adding 0.01 dB/km or more to the loss value at the time of starting the exposure of the optical fiber to the deuterium. According to this, it is possible to confirm the effective effect of the deuterium processing, without being exposed to influence of variation of an individual Rayleigh scatter coefficient A for the optical fiber being the monitoring target. Note that when a value in which the increase in loss value is lower than 0.01 dB/km is selected, the effect of the deuterium processing is small, and it is not possible to obtain significant improvement in hydrogen resistance characteristic.
Still further, in one exemplary processing method for an optical fiber, the predetermined range is a value obtained by adding 0.03 dB/km or more to the loss value at the time of starting the exposure of the optical fiber to the deuterium. According to this, it is possible to confirm the effective effect of the deuterium processing, without being exposed to influence of variation of an individual Rayleigh scatter coefficient A for the optical fiber being the monitoring target. Note that if a value in which the increase in loss value is lower than 0.03 dB/km is selected, there are cases where NBOHC remains in the optical fiber. Accordingly, it is possible to manufacture an optical fiber product having a high hydrogen resistance characteristic, by selecting a value increased to 0.03 dB/km or above.
The summary clause does not necessarily describe all necessary features of the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention may also be a sub-combination of the features described above.
Some aspects of the invention will now be described based on the embodiments, which do not intend to limit the scope of the present invention, but exemplify the invention. All of the features and the combinations thereof described in the embodiment are not necessarily essential to the invention.
An optical fiber having a small WP is manufactured, and a length of 25 km from the optical fiber is wound to a spool as an evaluation sample. In addition, from the same optical fiber, a length of 2 km of a preliminary evaluation sample is cut off, for use in an effect measurement of the deuterium processing detailed later. Furthermore, from the same optical fiber, a length of 2 km of optical fiber is further cut off and stored as a comparison sample.
Prior to the deuterium processing, the loss spectrum of each of the evaluation sample and the preliminary evaluation sample is measured. At the wavelength of 630 nm, a large absorption loss peak of 6 dB/km is measured for a preliminary evaluation sample having a length of 2 km. In contrast, for an evaluation sample having a length of 25 km, the loss at 630 nm was too large and so the loss per unit length could not be measured. The loss at the wavelength of 1714 nm was measured to be 0.750 dB/km, for both of the evaluation sample and the preliminary evaluation sample.
Next, the evaluation sample having a length of 25 km and the preliminary evaluation sample having a length of 2 km were exposed to the deuterium processing in one apparatus and at the same time. The atmosphere of the optical fiber during the processing was a room temperature and at atmospheric pressures, and includes 1% deuterium and 99% nitrogen. Furthermore, both ends of the evaluation sample having a length of 25 km were drawn from the processing chamber, to be connected to the light source and the light receiving section of the light loss measurement device, respectively. Under these conditions, the deuterium processing was started by monitoring the change in the loss value for the evaluation sample at the wavelength of 1714 nm.
After the samples continued to be exposed to the deuterium atmosphere for 3 days, the loss value reached 0.760 dB/km at the 1714 nm being the target of monitoring. Compared to the time when the deuterium processing started, 0.01 dB/km increase has been confirmed, and so the deuterium processing was ended.
Additionally for confirmation, an evaluation test for hydrogen resistance characteristic was conducted to the preliminary evaluation sample having a length of 2 km, according to a method prescribed in IEC 60793-2. Also to the comparison sample stored without being exposed to the deuterium processing together with the preliminary evaluation sample, an evaluation test was conducted under the same condition as for the preliminary evaluation sample.
From
Note that the loss measurement at the wavelength of 1600 nm or above for the optical fiber is largely affected by the physical stress exerted onto the optical fiber such as bending. Accordingly, the loss measurement before and after the deuterium processing and during the deuterium processing was conducted by continually fixing the optical fiber so as not to change the stress exerted onto the optical fiber. Accordingly, each of the measurements stated above was free from the influence of the change in stress exerted onto the optical fiber.
An evaluation sample having a length of 25 km and a preliminary comparison sample having a length of 2 km were prepared. The deuterium processing was conducted thereto under the same condition as in the first embodiment example, except for setting the change quantity of loss at the wavelength of 1714 nm at the time of ending the deuterium processing to be 0.03 dB/km. After the samples were exposed to the deuterium atmosphere for about 4 days, the loss at 1714 nm being the target of monitoring has reached 0.780 dB/km, and the change quantity has exceeded 0.03 dB/km, and so the deuterium processing was ended.
The loss spectrum was measured for the preliminary evaluation sample having a length of 2 km. The result shows a great loss reduction in the vicinity of the wavelength of 630 nm. In addition, an evaluation test was conducted to the preliminary evaluation sample according to a method prescribed in IEC 60793-2. The result shows no increase in WP. These confirm that an optical fiber having an extremely high hydrogen resistance characteristic is obtained by conducting deuterium processing until the loss change quantity at 1714 nm reaches 0.03 dB/km.
In the above, some aspects of the present invention have been described by way of exemplary embodiments. However, it is needless to say that the technical scope of the present invention should not be limited by the above-described embodiments. It should be understood that those skilled in the art might make various types of modifications and substitutions to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and the scope of the present invention. It is obvious from the appended claims that embodiments with such modifications or substitutions also belong to the technical scope of the present invention.
As described above, according to the embodiments of the present invention, it becomes possible to manufacture an optical fiber having an excellent hydrogen resistance characteristic assuredly and in a short time. Consequently, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost, and to industrially manufacture an optical fiber product having a high hydrogen resistance characteristic. That is, it is possible to easily and assuredly detect diffusion of deuterium and extinction of NBOHC, by performing deuterium processing, according to a unique method of monitoring the loss of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1714 nm. In addition, since it is possible to perform deuterium processing by confirming the effect, it is possible to avoid to take an excessive process time while achieving an assured effect at the same time. Furthermore, it becomes unnecessary to perform an evaluation test after performance of the deuterium processing, and so it is possible to reduce the time required until the optical fiber product is shipped. Furthermore, the entire optical fiber being the target of deuterium processing can be set as a target of monitoring. This makes it unnecessary to cut off a sample for evaluation purpose, and so the yield ratio of the product will be enhanced.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-182468 | Jun 2005 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2006/308232 | Apr 2006 | US |
| Child | 11963027 | US |
