Patent Application
20060289140
This invention relates generally to a method for treating fiber. More specifically, the method involves treating all or a portion of a secondary fiber line prior to combination with a virgin fiber line.
Paper mills through the country are presently using increasing amounts of secondary fiber in their products. This has in part resulted from more efficient collection of waste paper products, e.g., by businesses and by curbside recycling, and in part from improved technology-that has enabled acceptable primary products to be made from what were formerly waste products. An additional impetus has come following the realization that well over half of the volume of waste going into municipal landfills was paper-based. Many customers and consumers now demand paper products with a significant amount of post-consumer recycled fiber.
Unfortunately, each time cellulosic fibers are recycled there is some loss in strength. This is in part due to fiber breakage and cutting during the repulping process and from subsequent refining. In part it is due to the inherent nature of the fiber itself. Fiber once dried from an aqueous system suffers a morphological change that affects subsequent fiber-to-fiber bonding. For any given paper type; e.g., papers of identical basis weight and additives, products made from recycled fiber of the same type will typically be approximately 30% lower in selected strength properties than the same product made from virgin fiber. Some mills may compensate by making products of higher basis weight, by using additives to increase lost strength, by increased refining, or by some combination of these methods. The result is a higher cost product that is often less competitive with a similar product made from primarily virgin fiber.
Certain additives are commonly used to augment wet and dry strength. Cationic starches have long been used in linerboard to increase dry strength. Small quantities; e.g., 0.1-0.7%, of cationic polyamide-epichlorohydrin reaction products (PAE resins) are well known to increase both wet and dry strengths. They are routinely used in products such as facial tissues and paper towels. They are also used in a small percentage of the linerboard used for the manufacture of wet strength-type corrugated board products. Tissue and towels normally do not enter the recycle stream, although much of the wet strength corrugated board does. There it presents a problem because of less than desired repulpability. This is normally tolerable since typically not more than about 1% or 2% of the corrugated board produced for the marketplace has received this type of wet strength treatment. However, if significantly larger quantities of PAE treated products were in the recycle waste stream from screening, repulped fiber would increase substantially and production rates would be adversely affected. Thus, despite their known efficiency at increasing both dry and wet strength, PAE resins have been very selectively used only for specific products where their poor repulpability does not present a significant problem.
In addition, it is generally known that virgin fiber, when exiting a digester or similar system, may have a high anionic charge. This is due in part to the byproducts that accompany the virgin fiber, such as, for example, sulfides, lignon fragments, methanol and other negatively charged anions. Considerable amounts of resin are therefore necessary to treat a line containing secondary fiber and virgin fiber because the cationic resin reacts with the anionic byproducts. Accordingly, a need exists for a method for treating secondary fiber to achieve wet strength while retaining repulpability. A further need exists for a method for treating secondary fiber which requires reduced levels of resin treatment.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings.
The present invention provides a method for treating fiber to achieve wet strength while retaining repulpability and/or recyclability. In an embodiment, a paper-making process is provided. The process has a first flow line which contains secondary fiber in the form of, for example, old corrugated containerboard (“OCC”). Secondary fiber may be defined as fiber which has been dried at least once. In an embodiment, a portion of this line is separated into a second line and is treated with cationic resin. A third, and separate, line contains virgin fiber. Virgin fiber may be defined as a predominance of cellulosic fiber which has never been dried after a pulping process. The virgin fiber line is combined with the untreated secondary fiber in the first flow line. The treated portion is then recombined with the mixed product of the first line and the virgin fiber line. Products made from the combined flow lines demonstrate wet strength as well as sufficient repulpability. Moreover, separation of the virgin fiber from the secondary fiber provides the system with less cationic demand. Accordingly, less resin is required to treat the secondary fiber.
Referring now to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts,
The treated secondary fiber travels along line 16 to a blend chest pump 18 at a flow rate in a range from 1500 gpm to 2000 gpm. Approximately 20-30% of the total flow exiting the blend chest pump 18 consists of treated secondary fiber. More specifically, the total flow exiting the blend chest pump 18 may include untreated secondary fiber and/or treated secondary fiber and/or virgin fiber. Of this total flow, 10-40% may be treated secondary fiber; 5-50% may be untreated secondary fiber; and 60-90% may be virgin fiber.
A virgin fiber furnish 20 provides a line 22 of virgin fiber to the blend chest 10 at a flow rate in a range from 5400 gpm to 7500 gpm. More specifically, the virgin fiber supplied may represent 60-90% of the total fiber in the system. At the blend chest 10, the virgin fiber may be mixed with the untreated secondary fiber flowing from the line 4. The mix time for the virgin fiber and the untreated secondary fiber is in a range from 5 minutes to 20 minutes. Next, the combined virgin fiber and untreated secondary fiber is mixed with the treated secondary fiber line 16 at the blend chest pump 18. A mix time for the combination of the lines 4, 12 and 22 is in a range from 1 minute to 3 minutes. The entire mixture may then be transferred to a system 24 for drying and/or pressing and/or other finishing activities.
In an embodiment, the line 12 of secondary fiber which is treated may be supplied by an independent stream rather than split from the line 4. In an embodiment, a furnish used to supply the line 12 may be different than a furnish used to supply the secondary fiber in the line 4. The independent line may be treated with cationic resin prior to combination with the secondary fiber line 4 and the virgin fiber line 22 in a manner similar to that described above. Flow rates may be adjusted to create the system parameters outlined above. For example, the flow rate of the independent line may be adjusted wherein the treated secondary fiber accounts for 20-30% of the total fiber exiting the blend chest pump 18. In another embodiment, a single line of secondary fiber may be supplied. This line may be treated with a cationic resin treatment and combined with virgin fiber. In this embodiment, the virgin fiber line may be combined with only treated secondary fiber.
EXAMPLE 1, illustrated in
In this embodiment, top sheet wet strength was added to a top tickler pressure relief line 40 using AMRES®. A tank 41 provides a supply of virgin fiber for the top ply of product. In a first step, the air was bled from the pressure relief line 40 at a point 42. This was performed by opening a pressure control valve 44 to 50% output. This is the pressure relief line 40 from the top tickler outlet 46. Next, isolation valves 45 on each side of an automatic pressure relief valve 44 were opened.
A 1.5″ flush valve 48 was opened on the pressure relief line 40 just above an entry point in the machine chest pump suction 50. This was performed for a duration sufficient to bleed the air from a pressure recirculation line 52. The isolation valve 45 from the top tickler pressure relief valve 44 was opened at the top machine chest pump suction 50. A 250 to 300 gpm difference was established between the top basis weight flow and the top tickler flow. The valve 56 on the wet strength resin addition point 58 was opened. A 2#/ton wet strength addition was then established. The top tickler power was minimized as shear may reduce wet strength resin efficiency. The wet strength addition set point was increased to 6#/ton at a point in the process which was 2 reels before starting the order. Wet strength addition was adjusted to control test. The virgin fiber in this process was delivered to a blend chest 47.
Base sheet wet strength resin was added before the OCC refiner 60. To this end, the total OCC flow from a tank 61 was set at 20% of the base basis weight flow (1600 to 1900 gpm). The OCC flow controller (not shown) was set to manual because the wet strength resin may negatively influence the flow indication. The flow indicator (not shown) from the OCC refiner 60 can be used for control. As shown in the FIGURE, treated secondary fiber and virgin fiber are mixed in a blend chest 65. The base blend chest level set point was reduced to meet the residence time requirement in the chest because excessive mix time may reduce wet strength resin efficiency. The valve 62 on the wet strength resin addition point was then opened. A 2#/ton wet strength addition was then established.
The wet strength addition set point was increased to 6#/ton at a point 2 reels before starting the order. Wet strength addition was adjusted to control test. The system was then flushed. To this end, the wet strength addition rate was reduced to 2#/ton. The suction valve (not shown) on the wet strength supply tank (not shown) was then closed. Next, the flush water valve (not shown) was opened for sufficient time to flush the system of resin. The wet strength pump (not shown) was stopped after the flush was complete. The isolation valves (not shown) at the base and top addition points were closed when the flush was complete.
Table 1 shows data in a comparison between products prepared using conventional methods (denoted “WS”) and products prepared using at least one of the methods of the present invention (denoted Reels 1, 2 and 3).
As can be seen in the table, the method of the present invention enables wet strength grade products. Moreover, the present invention allows for greater repulpability, as evidenced by the considerably fewer percentage of rejects.
While the embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, as noted above, many changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited by the disclosure of the embodiments. Instead, the invention should be determined entirely by reference to the claims that follow.
