Patent Application
20140310885
The present invention relates to a method for washing laundry in a horizontal axis washing machine comprising a drum rotatably mounted in a tub, a recirculation pump for recirculating a washing liquid on the laundry and a heating device placed in the tub for heating washing liquid.
So called “jet” or “spray” washing machines are well known in which the washing liquor is sprayed onto the laundry while the drum is rotated at a predetermined tumbling speed or spinning speed. The main advantage of such known washing method is an increase of washing efficiency due to the high detergent concentration and the overall reduction of water amount.
With such known washing machines a further reduction of water amount is prevented by the consequence of having a too low level of water in the tub which creates problems with a safe working of the heater. In theory, it is possible to further reduce the water needed in the washing cycle (and to beneficially increase detergent concentration), but the above technical problem prevents from such further reduction (if a traditional heater in the tub is used, which has a lower cost if compared to in-flow heaters).
It is therefore an object of the present invention to solve the above technical problem therefore allowing a further reduction of the amount of water and a further increase of detergent concentration.
Such object is reached thanks to the features listed in the appended claims.
With a method according to the invention it is not only possible to get advantages of a spray washing, but also it is possible to use a very low amount of water, with a lower energy consumption if compared to known recirculation washing machines.
According to the present invention it is possible to increase water level in the tub so that heater can be switched on without safety problems (entire heater submerged). Water already warmed can be distributed efficiently by recirculating it directly onto the laundry.
According to a preferred feature of the invention, an increase of water level up to 20 mm is obtained in the tub so that heater can be safely switched on.
One of the main feature of the invention is the application of a low speed spinning sufficiently high to generate a centrifugal force which forms and maintains at least partially an annular layer of clothes against the drum wall to free water from laundry and to increase water level in the wash tub. During such low speed spinning phase (which can be defined also as a high speed tumbling phase) water recirculation is interrupted. After such spinning phase, water heating in the tub is carried out preferably with a slow motion movement (tumbling). Such water heating is preferably carried out for a predetermined period of time (and not on the basis of a temperature feedback). This predetermined time is set on the basis of the total energy which has to be transferred to the laundry (as it will be clear in the following detailed description). Temperature in the sump of the tub is therefore not monitored (a part from its sensing for safety reasons). After heating, the drum is rotated again at a low spinning speed during which water already warmed is recirculated directly to the laundry.
Further advantages and features of a method and washing machine according to the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
With reference to the drawings, with 10 it is indicated a spray washing machine having a tub 12, a rotating drum 14 inside the tub 12 and driven by a motor 16, an electric heater 18 in the lower portion of the tub 12, a recirculation conduit 20 provided with a circulation pump 22 and a spray nozzle 24 for spraying washing liquid onto the laundry L. With the term “washing liquid” we mean either water or a mixture of water plus detergents or the like. Of course the washing machine has other components, as the drain pump, possible water storage tank, detergent distributors, water level sensors etc. but these will not be described in the following since they are not specifically related to the invention. The heater 18, the motor 16 and the pump 22 are electrically connected to a control unit 26 which drives all such components according to a predetermined sequence.
A general advantage of using a recirculation system as shown in
When recirculation is carried out, free water in the tub 12 of the washing machine 10 is minimal, and water level W (
According to the invention, such addition of water is avoided or at least reduced by stopping recirculation pump 22, increasing the speed of the drum in order to extract water from the laundry L by centrifugal force and switching on the heater for water heating. Such behavior is shown in
During heating of water a gentle tumbling of laundry L is carried out either for avoiding noise in the measurement of water level W or for obtaining a faster warm up of the free water near the heater 18. Such tumbling, at a speed comprised between 20 and 70 rpm, preferably around 50 rpm, is shown in
For the purposes of the present invention it is quite irrelevant the timing of the water heating and related slow spin phases S and B; it depends on the actual washing program selected by the user and by the presence of any pre-washing phase with cold or warm water. Generally speaking, the slow spin phase S, at a speed preferably comprised between 80 and 120 rpm, and more preferably around 100 rpm, is carried out after detergent is added in the tub 12. At any rate, the method according to the invention can be carried out by adding detergent at the end of the heating phase, or at any time during the heating phase. The overall duration of the spinning phase S, even if carried out in sequential phases (for instance by changing rotation direction one or more times), is preferably comprised between 10 and 50 s, more preferably between 20 and 40 s.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention the control unit 26 of the washing machine 10 is running an algorithm for assessing the heating time after the slow spin phase S. The first step of such algorithm is the measure of ambient temperature T1 by means of a NTC temperature sensor 15 placed in the tub. Such measure is carried out before feeding any water in the tub. This temperature is also assumed to be the temperature of the laundry dry load L. If a washing cycle has been recently terminated , the control unit 26 will assume as ambient temperature the T1 of the previous washing cycle.
Then an assessment of the mass Ml of the dry load L is carried out, using anyone of the known methods (for instance by a measure of the torque during acceleration of the drum). Then an estimation of the load ΔT1 is carried out:
ΔTl=Tt−T1
Where Tt is the target temperature and T1 is ambient temperature.
Next step is to calculate the energy El which is needed for heating up the load L by multiplying the mass of load M1 by ΔT1 and by thermal capacity Cl of the load L:
El=Ml*Cl*ΔTl
Next step is calculation of water mass Mw by multiplying load mass Ml by specific absorption A of the load, by also adding a predetermined amount of free water Mwl:
Mw=Ml*A+Mwl
After such initial calculation phase, water is fed in the tub 12 and by means of NTC temperature sensor 15 water temperature T2 is measured. Then difference water temperature ΔTw is calculated by subtracting T2 from the target temperature Tt:
ΔTw=Tt−T2
Energy needed for heating water is calculated in a way similar to the calculation of energy for the load:
Ew=Mw*Cw*666 Tw
where Cw is thermal capacity of water. Then total energy for heating up water and load is calculated:
Erisc=Eq+El
A certain energy loss towards environment is estimated by multiplying ΔT (Ttarget−T1) by a coefficient k which depends on the washing machine, to be experimentally assessed for each type of washing machine:
Erisc=Ew+El
Total energy to be used in the heating process is then calculated:
E=Erisc+Losses
By knowing such total energy, and knowing heating power P of the heater 18, it is then possible to calculate time t which is necessary for heating:
t=E/P
It is also possible to introduce in the above algorithm the value of power calculated from the voltage V, since power depends on the square voltage. Value of voltage V is normally measured by control unit 26 since it is used to drive the motor 16 (i.e. such value is already “available”). Therefore power P can be calculated as:
Where R is resistance of the heater 18.
The final equation for calculating heating time t is:
Instead of fixing the target laundry temperature, further comparison tests have been carried out by the applicant by fixing a predetermined heating time. In this condition the applicant has seen an increased final temperature reached by water or by the laundry, with differences between 3° and 5° C. and 1° and 3° C. respectively. In
Even if the method according to the invention is preferably used for horizontal axis washing machines, the same method can be used for vertical axis washing machines as well.
With an ambient temperature of 23° C., a horizontal axis washing machine is loaded with a cotton load Ml (thermal capacity 1.26 kJ/kg° C., specific absorption 2 l/kg).
After determination of load mass Ml, water at 15° C. has been added to the tub, with a target temperature of 40° C. Measured voltage is 220 V, and coefficient k is 2. Free water Mlw is 2 litres. Heating resistance of the heater is 25 a Thermal capacity of water is 4.186 kJ/kg° C. Heating time t depends only on the load mass Ml:
If the measured mass of the load Ml is 4 kg, the above formula gives a time t=450 s for heating. With a voltage value of 230V, heating time would be 412 s.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13164308.2 | Apr 2013 | EP | regional |
