Patent Application
20090121825
The invention relates to a communication system for transferring data over a single signal wire between a first and a second system, a method of communicating in such a communication system, and an ironing system comprising the communication system.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,412,644 discloses a circuit arrangement for a single-wire bus system wherein a processor reads data from a transmitter. The transfer of data over a single-wire line is controlled exclusively by the processor. The processor generates a pulse sequence on the single-wire line that is stopped by the transmitter after attainment of a predetermined number of pulses by locking the single-wire line at a predetermined voltage level. This circuit does not disclose how to communicate over a single-wire line if a galvanic separation is required.
It is an object of the invention to provide a communication system for transferring bi-directional data over a single signal wire between a first and a second system which are galvanic separated.
A first aspect of the invention provides a communication system for transferring data over a single signal wire between a first and a second system as claimed in claim 1. A second aspect of the invention provides a method of communicating in such a communication system as claimed in claim 5. A third aspect of the invention provides an ironing system comprising the communication system as claimed in claim 6.
Advantageous embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
The communication system in accordance with the first aspect of the invention transfers data over a single signal wire between a first and a second system which are galvanic separated.
The first system comprises a first controller which supplies an output signal and a switch signal, and which receives an adapted input signal. The output signal, the switch signal, the adapted input signal and the first controller are referenced to a first ground potential. Thus the first controller generates the output signal and the switch signal with respect to the first ground potential and processes the adapted input signal with respect to the first ground potential. A first galvanic separating unit receives the output signal and the first ground potential to supply to the single signal wire an adapted output signal which is the output signal but now referenced to a second ground potential. Said differently, the first galvanic separating unit converts the output signal which is referenced with respect to the first ground potential to an adapted output signal which is the output signal but now referenced with respect to the second ground potential. Consequently, the first galvanic separating circuit comprises an element which is both able to transfer a signal and to provide galvanic separation. For example, the first galvanic separating circuit comprises a transformer, or an opto-coupler which is also referred to as an opto-insulator or an opto-separator. A second galvanic separating unit receives an input signal and the second ground potential to supply the adapted input signal which is the input signal referenced to the first ground potential. A galvanic separated switching unit receives the switch signal and the first ground potential and has a switching path arranged between the single signal wire and the second galvanic separating unit. The switch signal controls the on and off state of the switching path over a galvanic separation. For example, the second galvanic separating unit comprises an opto-triac, or a transformer to transfer information indicating the desired impedance of the switching path. Preferably, the on-state and off-state of the switching path is determined by a main current path of a semiconductor device. The off-state may be obtained by a sufficiently high impedance of the switching path such that the signal on the single signal wire is not supplied as a detectable input signal to the first controller. The on-state may be obtained by a sufficiently low impedance of the switching path such that the signal on the single signal wire is supplied as a detectable input signal to the first controller.
The second system comprises a second controller which supplies the input signal and which receives the adapted output signal. The second controller and both the input signal and the adapted output signal are referenced to the second ground potential. The second controller generates the input signal with respect to the second ground potential and processes the adapted output signal with respect to the second ground potential. Thus, the input signal for the first controller referenced to the first ground potential is supplied as an output signal of the second controller referenced to the second ground potential on the single signal wire. The second galvanic separating unit converts the input signal on the single signal wire and referenced to the second ground potential to the adapted input signal referenced to the first ground potential. The output signal from the first controller which is referenced to the first ground potential is converted to the adapted input signal referenced to the second ground potential and supplied to the single signal wire by the first galvanic separating circuit. The second controller is able to process the adapted input signal.
The galvanic separated switching unit separates the input of the first controller from its output which supplies the output signal to prevent the output signal to influence the input and thereby the communication protocol.
It has to be noted that U.S. Pat. No. 6,407,402 discloses a battery stack which communicates with a bidirectional I2C bus 30 with an isolation device 50. The isolation device 50 communicates via 2 unidirectional I2C busses with a monitor module 40. The isolation device 50 comprises for each (data or clock) line of each I2C bus 30 a conversion circuit with two optocoupler devices. One of the optocoupler devices is used to receive the data or clock signal on the bidirectional bus and to supply it to a unidirectional bus which provides data or clock from the battery stack to the monitor module. The other optocoupler is used to receive the data or clock signal from the unidirectional bus and to supply this data or clock to the bidirectional bus connected to the battery stack. Thus, each conversion circuit is converting a bidirectional signal on a single wire to two unidirectional signals on two associated wires while a galvanic separation is created between the single wire and the two wires.
This prior art does not disclosed that a galvanic separated switching unit is present to prevent the output signal of the controller to influence the input thereof. The use of the galvanic separated switching unit allows more flexibility in selecting a communication protocol between the first and the second controller. Further, this prior art is directed to a system in which the communication is performed over a plurality of I2C busses which each comprise a data and a clock wire.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention as claimed in claim 2, the first galvanic separating unit comprises an optocoupler. The light emitting diode of the optocoupler receives the output signal and the first ground potential to generate an amount of light determined by the output signal. The main current path of the light sensitive transistor of the optocoupler is arranged between the second ground potential and the single signal wire to supply the adapted output signal referenced with respect to the second ground potential. The adapted output signal is determined by the amount of light received by the light sensitive transistor.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention as claimed in claim 3, the second galvanic separating unit comprises an optocoupler. The light emitting diode of the optocoupler receives the input signal and the second ground potential, and supplies an amount of light determined by the input signal. The light sensitive transistor of the optocoupler is arranged between the first ground potential and an input of the first controller to supply the adapted input signal referenced to the first ground potential to this input. The adapted input signal is determined by the amount of light received by the light sensitive transistor.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention as claimed in claim 4, the galvanic separated switching unit comprises an opto-triac. A light emitting diode of the opto-triac receives at one end the switching signal and at another end the first ground potential to generate an amount of light determined by the switching signal. A light sensitive triac of the opto-triac has a main current path arranged between the single signal wire and an input of the second galvanic separating unit for supplying the input signal to the second galvanic separating circuit if the light sensitive triac has a low impedance, and to prevent the input signal to reach the second galvanic separating circuit if the light sensitive triac has a high impedance.
In the method of communicating as defined in claim 5, in a first mode, the first controller supplies the switch level such that the galvanic separated switching circuit disconnects the input terminal of the second galvanic separating circuit from the single signal wire. Thus, the output signal supplied by the first controller via the first galvanic separating circuit as the adapted output signal to the single signal wire is not fed back to the input of the first controller. The second controller receives the adapted output signal. This allows a communication from the first controller to the second controller.
In a second mode, the first controller supplies a switch level such that the galvanic separated switching circuit connects the input terminal of the second galvanic separating circuit to the single signal wire. Thus, the first controller is able to receive the adapted input signal to recover the words of bits send by the by the second controller as the input signal to the single signal wire. This allows a communication from the second controller to the first controller.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention as claimed in claim 6, the communication system is used in an ironing system which comprises an iron and an ironing station connected to the iron via a cord hose. The single signal wire runs through the cord hose. The ironing station comprises a sensor to sense a state of a sub-unit of the ironing station to obtain a sense signal which indicates the state of the sub-unit. The second controller receives the sense signal to supply sense information as the input signal to the single signal wire. The iron comprises the first controller which receives the input signal from the single signal wire and supplies display information representing the sense information to a display. Thus, a state of a sensed quantity is displayed on the display of the iron by using a single signal wire only and by respecting the galvanic separation between the iron and the iron station.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention as claimed in claim 7, the sub-unit is a water reservoir and the sensor senses the level of the water in the water reservoir. The display in the iron may indicate the actual level of the water, and/or alerts the user when the water level has dropped below a predetermined minimum level.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention as claimed in claim 8, the ironing station comprises an anti-scaling agent through which the water flows. The sensor senses the status of the anti-scaling agent. The display in the iron indicates the actual status of the anti-scaling agent, and/or alerts the user when the effectiveness of the anti-scaling agent has dropped below a predetermined minimum level. Usually, the anti-scaling agent will be held in a container through which the water flows when poured into the water reservoir, or through which the water flows when it is pumped out of the container towards the steam generator.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention as claimed in claim 9, the ironing station has a switch which is arranged in an area where the iron should rest if not in use. The status of this switch may be displayed on the display of the iron. For example, if is sensed that the switch is not activated and a sensor in the iron indicates that the user is not holding the iron, the display of the iron may display a warning.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention as claimed in claim 10, the ironing station comprises a pump to pump the water in the water reservoir of the ironing station via a conduit in the cord hose to a steam generator of the iron. This has the advantage that the hot steam is not cooled down in the cord hose, and that no dangerous situations occur when the cord hose is damaged. Usually, the pump pumps the water via the container with the anti-scaling agent to the conduit.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention as claimed in claim 11, the ironing station comprises the water reservoir, the pump, and the steam generator. The pump pumps the water from the water reservoir to the steam generator. Usually, the pump pumps the water via the container with the anti-scaling agent to the steam generator. The ironing station further comprises an electronic controlled valve which is arranged between the steam generator and the conduit in the cord hose. The iron comprises a steam activating switch which is connected to the first controller. The first controller supplies the output signal in accordance with a status of the steam activating switch to the single signal wire which runs through the cord hose to the ironing station. The second controller which is present in the ironing station has an input to receive the signal from the single signal wire and an output for controlling the electronic controlled valve in correspondence with the output signal present on the single signal wire.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention, a temperature sensor senses the temperature in the steam generator to allow control of the temperature in the steam generator. This has the advantage that the temperature in the steam generator has a value optimally suitable for producing steam.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention, a water level sensor senses the water level in the steam generator to activate the pump which is pumping water into the steam generator to keep the water level in the steam generator at or above a predetermined level. This has the advantage that always sufficient water is present in the steam generator to guarantee a continuous steam output.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention, the electro-valve interrupts the steam supply from the ironing station to the iron if the water level sensor indicates that the water level in the steam generator drops below a predetermined level.
In an embodiment in accordance with the invention, the controller in the ironing station may initiate a safety shut-off if is detected that the user is not holding or moving the iron and the iron is not resting at a predetermined resting position on the ironing station. In the safety shut-off state, the heaters of the iron and the steam generator may be switched off.
These and other aspects of the invention are apparent from and will be elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
In the drawings:
The first system S1 comprises a first controller C1, the optocouplers U1 and U2, the opto-triac U3 and the resistors R1, R2, and R3. The first controller C1 receives a power supply voltage between the power supply voltage terminal VCC and the first ground G1. The reference G1 is used to indicate both the physical terminal and the first ground potential present on this terminal.
The first controller C1 further has an output OP1 to supply an output signal MO, an output OP2 to supply a switch signal MS, and an input IP to receive an adapted input signal MIA. The first optocoupler U1 comprises a light emitting diode D1 and a light sensitive transistor T1. The light emitting diode D1 has a cathode connected to the first ground potential G1 and an anode connected to the output OP1 via a current limiting resistor R2. The light sensitive transistor T1 has a main current path which is arranged between a second ground potential G2 and an input/output terminal TE1 of the first system S1. The output terminal TE1 is connected to the single signal wire SW. The second optocoupler U2 comprises a light emitting diode D2 and a light sensitive transistor T2. The light emitting diode D2 has a cathode connected to a terminal IT. The light sensitive transistor T2 has a main current path which is arranged between the first ground potential G1 and the input IP of the first controller C1. A pull-up resistor R3 is arranged between the input IP and the power supply terminal VCC. The opto-triac U3 comprises a light emitting diode D3 and a light triggered triac T3. The light emitting diode D3 has a cathode connected to the first ground potential G1 and an anode connected to the output OP2 via a current limiting resister R1.
The output signal MO determines the current through the diode D1 and thus the amount of light produced by this diode D1. The current through the transistor T1 depends on the amount of light received from the diode D1. The diode D1 and the transistor T1 are galvanic separated. The optocoupler U1 converts the output signal MO supplied by the first controller C1 and which is referenced with respect to the first ground potential into an adapted output signal MOA which is referenced with respect the second ground potential. The adapted output signal MOA is supplied to the second system S2 via the single signal wire SW. The second system S2 is able to process the adapted output signal MOA because both the second system S2 and the adapted output signal MOA are referenced to the second ground potential G2.
The switch signal MS determines the amount of light generated by the diode D3. If the switch signal MS has a high level, the diode D3 produces a relatively large amount of light and the triac T3 is activated to have a low impedance such that the diode D2 is effectively connected to the single signal wire SW. If the switch signal MS has a low level, the diode D3 produces a relatively small amount of light, or no light at all, and the triac T3 forms a high impedance effectively separating the diode D2 from the single signal wire SW.
If the switch signal MS has a high level, the input signal MI supplied by the second system to the single signal wire SW is supplied to the diode D2. The amount of light generated by the diode D2 controls the impedance of the collector emitter path of the transistor T2 and thus the voltage on the input IP of the first controller C1. The optocoupler U2 transfers the input signal MI which is referenced with respect to the second ground potential G2 into the adapted input signal MIA which is referenced to the first ground potential G1 such that it can be handled by the first controller C1.
The second system S2 comprises the second controller C2, the transistors Q1 and Q2, and the resistors R4 to R8. The second controller C2 receives a power supply voltage between the first power supply voltage terminal VDD1 and the second ground G2. The reference G2 is used to indicate both the physical terminal and the second ground potential present on this terminal.
The second controller C2 further has an output SP to supply an output signal MI′, and an input S1 to receive an adapted output signal MOA′. The npn transistor Q1 has a base connected to an input/output terminal TE2 of the second system, a collector connected to the first power supply voltage terminal VDD1, and an emitter connected to the second ground potential G2 via the resistor R8. A resistor R6 is arranged between the base of the transistor Q1 and the second ground potential G2. The input/output terminal TE2 is connected to the single signal wire SW. The npn transistor Q2 has a base connected to the output SP via the resistor R7, a collector connected via the resistor R4 to a second power supply terminal VDD2 which carries a higher voltage than the first power supply terminal VDD1, and an emitter connected to the input/output terminal TE2 via the resistor R5.
The circuit which comprises the transistor Q1 and the resistors R6 and R8 converts the adapted output signal MOA supplied by the first system S1 to the single signal wire SW into the input signal MOA′ on the input S1 of the second controller C2. The circuit which comprises the transistor Q2 converts the output signal MI′ on the output SP of the second controller C2 into the input signal MI on the single signal wire SW.
It has to be noted that the circuits including the transistors Q1 and Q2 are exemplary embodiments only and are present to buffer the second controller C2 from the single signal wire SW and to convert the relatively high voltages on the single signal wire SW to the relatively low voltages suitable for the second controller C2, and the other way around. Any other circuit fulfilling the same functions can be used. The signal levels on the single signal wire SW may be selected to fit the signal levels the second controller can handle.
Preferably, all the input and output signals are digital signals which have a low and a high level. The digital signals comprise words of bits. The transfer of words of bits between the first system S1 and the second system S2 will be elucidated with respect to the signals shown in
In the starting situation from the instant t0 to the instant t1, before the communication starts, the output signal MO has a low level L and the transistor T1 has a high impedance such that the voltage on the single signal wire SW is determined by the second system S2. The high level of the output signal MI′ causes a high level of both the voltage at the emitter of the transistor Q2 and the voltage on the single signal wire SW. Due to the high level voltage on the single signal wire, the transistor Q1 supplies a high level signal MOA′ to the input S1.
At the instant t1, the first controller C1 changes its output signal MO to the high level H. The high level is maintained during the period in time Tp1 lasting from the instant t1 to the instant t2. The transistor T1 becomes a low impedance and the adapted output signal MOA on the single signal wire SW changes to a low level. Due to the low level on the single signal wire SW, the transistor Q1 changes the level of the signal MOA′ to a low level. If This change of the signal MOA to the low level during a sufficient long period in time indicates to the second controller C2 that the controller C1 will start to send a word of bits. The bits can be coded in many ways, for example, a “0” may comprise a particular number of pulses, while a “1” comprises another number of pulses. Alternatively, the pulses may have different durations for a “0” and a “1”. In the example shown, the bits B0 and B1 are defined by the number of pulses.
The pulses are generated by changing the level of the output signal MO. As elucidated before, a high level of the output signal MO causes a low level of the signal MOA′ and the other way around. A few pulses are shown, starting at the instants t2, t4, t6 or ending at the instants t5, t7. The on-period of the pulses Ton is defined by the time period lasting from the instants t2 to t3.
After the last bit B1 of the word has been sent by the controller C1, the level of the output signal MO is again kept high during the period Tp1 lasting from the instant t7 to the instant t8, and then, at the instant t8, the level of the output signal MO is made low. The second controller C2 detects that the signal MOA′ has a high level which lasts longer than the period of time Tp2 lasting from the instant t8 to the instant t9 and thus knows that the end of the word is reached. The duration of the on-time Ton of the pulses should of course be shorter than the period of time Tp2.
In the starting situation up to the instant t10, before the communication starts, the switch signal MS has still a low level and the opto-triac disconnects the single signal wire SW from the diode D2. Due to the pull-up resistor R3, the signal MIA has a high level. At the instant t10, the switch signal MS changes to a high level and the level on the single signal wire SW is supplied to the diode D2. The signal MI′ has a high level H and the level of both the voltage at the emitter of the transistor Q2 and the voltage on the single signal wire SW have a high level. This high level is fed through the opto-triac T3 to the diode D2. The impedance of the transistor T2 becomes relatively low and the signal MIA changes to a low level L. The signal MI′ is kept at the high level during a period in time Tp3 lasting from the instant t10 to the instant t11. The corresponding relatively long duration of the low level of the signal MIA indicates to the first controller C1 that the second controller C2 will send a word of bits B0, B1.
At the instant t11, the second controller C2 changes its output signal MI′ to the low level L. The voltage at the emitter of the transistor Q2 drops, the amount of light emitted by the diode D2 drops also and the level of the signal MIA increases. At the instant t12, the second controller C2 changes its output signal MI′ to the high level H. Again, this results in a low level of the signal MIA. Thus, the pulses in the output signal MI′ of the second controller C2 are converted into the pulses input signal MI on the single signal wire SW and into pulses of the adapted input signal MIA on the input IP of the first controller C1. A few pulses are shown, starting at the instants t11, t13, t15 or ending at the instant t14. The on-period of the pulses Ton is defined by the time period lasting from the instants t11 to t12.
After the last bit B1 of the word has been sent by the controller C2, the level of the output signal MI′ is again kept low during the period Tp3 lasting from the instant t15 to the instant t16, and then, at the instant t16, the level of the output signal MI′ is made high. The first controller C1 detects that the signal MIA has a low level which lasts longer than the period of time Tp5 lasting from the instant t16 to the instant t17 and thus knows that the end of the word is reached. The duration of the on-time Ton of the pulses should of course be shorter than the period of time Tp4.
First the ironing station 2 will be discussed. The ironing station 2 comprises a water reservoir 21 with a water inlet 20. A pump 25 pumps the water from the water reservoir 21 via a calc cleaning unit 23 to a boiler or steam generator 27. The conduit 22 is arranged to connect the calc cleaning unit 23 with the water reservoir 21. The conduit 24 connects the calc cleaning unit 23 with the pump 25, and the conduit 26 connects the pump with the steam generator 27. An electro valve 28 is arranged between the steam generator 27 and the conduit 300. The ironing station 2 further comprises sensors 30, 32, 33, 34, 36 and 37 which indicate a state of a sub-unit of the ironing station 2.
The sensor 30 senses the level of the water in the water reservoir 21. For example the sensor 30 may comprise a reed-switch arranged at a bottom section of a side wall of the reservoir 21 and a magnetic floater in the water reservoir to cooperate with the reed-switch. If the water level drops below a predetermined level, the magnetic floater will activate the reed-switch and the sense signal SE1 supplied by the sensor 30 indicates this event to the second controller C2 which may take adequate action such as communication to the iron 1 that the display should indicate to the user the actual water level, and/or a warning when the water level drops below a predetermined level.
The sensor 33, 34 senses whether the anti-scale agent 35 used in the calc cleaning unit 23 reaches its end of life. In the example shown, the useful life of the anti-scale agent 35 which resides in a cartridge (not shown) in the calc cleaning unit 23 is monitored. An ion exchangeable type of anti-scale agent (such as for example known as Duolite) has the property that its volume increased by about 30% at its end of life. This volume increase can be detected by a suitable sensor. The sensor shown comprises a spring loaded plunger 34 which rests on the anti-scale agent 35. The volume expansion of the anti-scale agent 35 causes the plunger 34 to move towards the switch 33. When the switch 33 is closed, the sense signal SE3 indicates to the second controller C2 that the anti-scale agent 35 is near to or has reached its end of life. The second controller C2 may forward the status of the anti-scale agent 35 via the single signal wire SW to the iron 1 to display a message on the display indicating the life time of the anti-scale agent, and/or to warn that the end of life of the anti-scale agent is (almost) reached.
The sensor 32 is a switch which monitors the correct resting position of the iron 1 on the ironing station 2. If the iron 1 is not properly resting on the switch 32, the sense signal SE2 indicates this to the second controller C2. Again, the controller C2 may send information to the iron 1 to display a warning that the iron is not resting at a proper position.
The sensor 36 is a temperature sensor positioned at the base of the steam generator 27. The controller C2 uses the sense information SE4 to supply a control signal CS3 to the steam generator 27 to control the temperature of the steam generator 27. The control signal CS3 may switch the heating element of the steam generator 27 on and off.
The sensor 37 supplies sense information SE5 which indicates the actual water level and/or whether the water level dropped below a minimum level in the steam generator 27. The controller C2 uses the sense information SE5 to maintain the water level in the steam generator 27 above a minimum level to provide an un-interrupted steam output. The controller C2 may further use the sense information SE5 to disable the electro-valve 28 when it is detected that the water level in the steam generator 27 dropped below the minimum level.
The ironing station 2 further comprises a power supply unit 29 which receives the mains voltage Vm via the mains plug MA. The power supply unit 29 supplies the power supply voltages VDD1 and VDD2 to the second controller C2. The second controller C2 supplies control signals CS1 and CS2 to the pump 25 and the electro-valve 28. The circuitry between the second controller C2 and the terminal TE2 which comprises the transistors Q1 and Q2 (see
The ironing station 2 may comprise a display unit 40 to display any of the sensed signals by the sensors, or to display warnings to the user.
The iron 1 comprises a power supply unit 11 which receives the mains voltage Vm and supplies the power supply voltage VCC to the first system S1 which comprises the first controller C1 and the unit 16. The unit 16 comprises the opto-elements U1, U2, U3 and the resistors R1 and R2 as shown in
Signals from the controller C1 in the iron 1 may be forwarded via the single signal wire SW to the iron station 2 to control functions in the iron station 2. For example, the signal of the hand-presence sensor 12 in combination with the stand sensor 32 may be used to initiate a safety shut-off of the system after a predetermined period of time. Instead of the hand-presence sensor 12, also a suitable motion sensor may be used. The safety shut-off may include switching off of the steam generator 27 and the heater 14. The safety shut-off may be de-activated once is detected that the iron is moved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. Use of the verb “comprise” and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in a claim. The article “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the device claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 04105662.3 | Nov 2004 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB05/53607 | 11/4/2005 | WO | 00 | 5/9/2007 |
