Patent Application
20120006318
The present invention relates to solar concentrators and, more particularly, to a solar concentrator including an optical tracking system.
Solar power systems fall generally into two categories: fixed position flat panels and tracking concentrator systems. Fixed position flat panel systems employ one or more stationary panels that are arranged in an area having an unobstructed view of the sun. As the earth rotates, the sun's rays move over the stationary panel(s) with varying degrees of intensity depending upon geographic location, the time of day and the time of the year. In contrast, solar concentrator systems collect, and focus the sun's rays onto one or more solar cells. Certain solar concentration systems employ tracking systems that follow the sun's path in order to enhance energy collection. Simply put, fixed position flat panels represent a passive solar collection system, while solar concentrator systems represent a more active energy collection system.
Solar concentrator systems utilizing photovoltaic cells typically operate at or below about 500 suns concentration. Operating at higher sun concentration levels creates cooling challenges. In order to address the cooling challenges, certain solar concentration systems employ liquid cooling systems such as found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,081,289. In the '289 patent, a sphere contains a liquid medium and a plurality of fixed solar panels. The sphere acts as a lens and the liquid as a focal and cooling medium. The liquid is circulated within the sphere to carry away heat generated by solar rays impacting the fixed solar cells. In addition to serving as a heat exchange medium, the liquid, in combination with the sphere, focuses the sun's rays toward the fixed solar cells. While effective as a cooling medium, the use of the sphere and liquid to focus light imparts significant limitations on energy collection. That is, the actual focal point of the light passing through the sphere and the liquid is outside of the sphere itself.
Solar concentrator systems allow the use of fewer semiconductor elements to produce a given amount of electric power. However, the use of fewer semiconductor elements results in a need for optics and a system for tracking the sun. At present, the additional cost associated with the necessary optics and tracking systems does not exceed the cost benefit of a reduced number of solar cells.
According to one exemplary embodiment, a method of concentrating solar energy includes receiving solar energy through a surface of an optically clear shell, guiding the solar energy through a liquid contained in the optically clear shell, folding the solar energy back through the liquid toward a solar receiver, and shifting the solar receiver within the optically clear shell to track the sun, wherein the solar energy collected by the solar receiver is converted into electrical energy.
Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention. For a better understanding of the invention with the advantages and the features, refer to the description and to the drawings.
The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The forgoing and other features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
With reference now to
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, solar collection system 30 includes a tracking system 34 having a base element 36 that is configured and disposed to rotate about an axis 37. Tracking system 34 is further shown to include a support arm 39 that is operatively connected to base element 36 in a manner that will be detailed more fully below. Support arm 39 includes a first end 42 that extends to a second end 43 through an arcuate intermediate portion 44. Intermediate portion 44 is provided with a plurality of gear teeth 46 that are configured and disposed to cooperate with a corresponding gear element (not shown) provided within base element 36. In this manner, support arm 39 shifts between first end 42 and second end 43 relative to base element 36. That is, tracking system 34 includes at least one of an alt/azimuth and an elevation drive system that aims solar collection system 30 toward the sun's position in the sky at a given time and in a particular geographic area such as shown in
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, reflector member 56 is mounted to first end 42 of support arm 39. Reflector member 56 includes a plurality of reflector surfaces 58-60 that are arranged in a stepped configuration. In accordance with one exemplary embodiment, reflective surfaces 58-60 are flat to reduce cost. Reflective surfaces 58-60 fold the optical path such that the focus is within optically clear shell 10. The use of multiple reflective surfaces aids in correcting spherical aberration, however, it should be understood that reflector member 56 could also include a single reflector that is formed, for example, to have a flat circular construction. Of course, it should be understood that reflector 56 can take on a variety of forms. That is, reflector member 56 could include one or more planer mirrors, convex mirrors, and/or concave mirrors depending upon the level of solar concentration desired. In any event, solar rays passing through optically clear shell 10 impact reflector member 56. Reflector member 56 folds the rays back towards a solar receiver system 70 mounted at second end 43 of support arm 39.
As best shown in
As further shown in
The low cost per watt is further enhanced by tracking system 34. That is, tracking system 34 represents a near zero mass within liquid 20 which decreasing costs associated with moving the various optical components. In addition, liquid 20 serves as a dampener. More specifically, liquid 20 acts to dampen the motion of tracking system 34 thereby limiting oscillations of the collection components, e.g., reflector member 56 and solar receiver 78. By minimizing oscillations of the collection components, the need for complicated correction algorithms is avoided. The stepped configuration of reflector member 56 further aids in damping. Finally, the use of a passive, convective, cooling system eliminates the need to complicated and costly fluid circulation systems.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one ore more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated
While the preferred embodiment to the invention has been described, it will be understood that those skilled in the art, both now and in the future, may make various improvements and enhancements which fall within the scope of the claims which follow. These claims should be construed to maintain the proper protection for the invention first described.
This application is a divisional of U.S. Pat. No. 8,026,439 filed Nov. 20, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12622504 | Nov 2009 | US |
| Child | 13237386 | US |
