Patent Application
20180147828
This application relates to a method of continuously imparting visually detectable features to a plurality of items. The disclosure also relates to a package including a plurality of items wherein each item within said package includes a visually detectable feature.
Absorbent products intended to absorb discharged body fluids are well known in the art. Such absorbent products generally comprise a fibrous mass or other absorbent body which can absorb and hold body fluids. The absorbent articles have included various systems of liquid-handling layers, such as intake layers, distribution layers, retention layers and the like. To improve aesthetic appeal, the absorbent products may have graphics on either the body side liner, the garment side liner, or on a wrapper.
Selecting a particular design for the personal care articles as well as the wrappers can be a deciding factor. While being liked by some consumers, other consumers may dislike the design. Additionally, many consumers desire multiple designs within one package versus having only one design.
Additionally, the garment contacting surface of the absorbent articles often has printed graphics to get a positive attention from the user or caregiver not only in use but also in the market. In the latter case, the absorbent articles are often contained in a package having a transparent portion such that the graphics are visible through the transparent portion. Such graphics are typically printed on either a landing zone material, a wrapper for the absorbent article, a topsheet, a secondary topsheet, a fastening tape, a reseal tape, nonwoven covers, or a backsheet material. Graphics printed on the garment contacting surface of disposable absorbent articles can be preferred by consumers due to their entertaining functions. Additionally, graphics allows the user to distinguish different parts of the product, e.g. the front versus the back.
Those graphics are typically printed by using conventional printing techniques such as gravure and flexography technologies which employ a printing plate or sleeve to print the graphic on a sheet material, e.g. a backsheet material, a landing zone material, a fastening tape material or a nonwoven material. In the flexographic printing process, Ink is transferred from an ink fountain thru a series of rolls onto the raised areas of the printing plate or sleeve which is mounted onto a cylinder which rotates at a rotational speed equal or close to the speed of the flexible sheet material, coming in contact with and transferring the ink to the sheet creating an image on its surface.
In the gravure process the desired image to be printed is engraved in a metal cylinder creating recessed areas. The metal cylinder is partially immersed in a bath of ink and a blade wipes any excess ink leaving only the recessed areas with ink. The flexible sheet material comes in contact with the metal cylinder which then transfers the ink from the recessed areas to the surface of the sheet material, transferring an image.
Traditionally, a process will print a set pattern. Dependent upon the product pitchthe ability to print patterns may be limited. This is because flexographic and gravure printing processes are limited on the sizes and number of images that can be printed, which results only in a very limited number of designs available from a single process. In essence, dependent upon the product pitch and the physical real world constraints of the process, one may only be able to fit a single pitch on the largest roll thereby limiting the number of graphics.
Hence, there is a need for a method that can provide a large number of different patterns created by a plurality of graphics imparted on a web for use in an absorbent articles or a wrapper, using one process.
Provided is a method of continuously imparting different visually detectable features to a plurality of articles. The method includes providing a printing unit having two or more printing rolls each having a visually detectable pattern, wherein the printing process may fit rolls that are less than or equal to a maximum circumference. Providing a web having a print pitch that is greater than one half the maximum circumference. Providing a first roll wherein the roll circumference is equal to the product pitch. Providing a second roll characterized in that the roll circumference is equal to either 0<X<1 where X is chosen such that 1/X≠an Integer or 1<X<Cmax/P, wherein X is a multiple of the first roll circumference, Cmax is the largest circumference allowable by the printing unit, and P is the product pitch. The method further includes imparting the visually detectable patterns to the web by means of the two or more rolls.
Also provided is a method of continuously imparting different visually detectable features to a plurality of articles. The method including providing a printing unit comprising of two or more printing rolls each having a visually detectable pattern, wherein the printing process may fit rolls that are less than or equal to a maximum circumference; providing a web comprising a print pitch; providing a first roll wherein the roll circumference is equal to the product pitch; providing a second roll characterized in that the roll circumference is equal to either 0<X<1 where X is chosen such that 1/X≠an Integer or 1<X<Cmax/P, wherein X is a multiple of the first roll circumference, Cmax is the largest circumference allowable by the printing unit, and P is the product pitch; and imparting the visually detectable patterns to the web by means the one or more rolls. The method is characterized in that each of the first roll and the second roll comprises a visually detectable pattern defining a print length, wherein the print length is characterized in that the absolute of (X−1)/(print length/product pitch)) is greater than 1.
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter of the present invention, it is believed that the invention can be more readily understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The present invention is directed to a method of creating a plurality of visual patterns on a web using two or more rolls contained within one process. At least one of the first or second rolls has a plurality of patterns wherein each pattern relates to a product length. The second roll may have the same consistent pattern or a plurality of patterns. The patterns are designed such that they come together to create a pleasant aesthetic design.
Additionally, the application is directed to a method of creating a plurality of visual patterns on a web using two or more rolls contained within one process wherein the second roll is has a pitch that is a multiple of the first roll pitch. This allows for the second roll to create a plurality of consistent repeating patterns. For example, a pitch multiple of 1.5 allows one to create three distinct patterns that repeat. The patterns are designed such that they come together to create a pleasant aesthetic design. Additional rolls may be added to the process such that additional graphical elements may be added for every certain number of products. The method will be described in further detail below.
The following text sets forth a broad description of numerous different embodiments of the present invention. The description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment since describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. And it will be understood that any feature, characteristic, component, composition, ingredient, product, step or methodology described herein can be deleted, combined with or substituted for, in whole or part, any other feature, characteristic, component, composition, ingredient, product, step or methodology described herein. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims. All publications and patents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference.
It should also be understood that, unless a term is expressly defined in this specification using the sentence “As used herein, the term ‘______’ is hereby defined to mean . . . ” or a similar sentence, there is no intent to limit the meaning of that term, either expressly or by implication, beyond its plain or ordinary meaning, and such term should not be interpreted to be limited in scope based on any statement made in any section of this patent (other than the language of the claims). No term is intended to be essential to the present invention unless so stated. To the extent that any term recited in the claims at the end of this patent is referred to in this patent in a manner consistent with a single meaning, that is done for sake of clarity only so as to not confuse the reader, and it is not intended that such a claim term be limited, by implication or otherwise, to that single meaning. Finally, unless a claim element is defined by reciting the word “means” and a function without the recital of any structure, it is not intended that the scope of any claim element be interpreted based on the application of 35 U.S.C. § 112, sixth paragraph.
As used herein, the term “different” means that the visually detectable features are perceived as different by a user when the user looks at the visually detectable features using his/her usual attention. Thus, two visually detectable features having differences which are unintentionally caused by manufacturing variations or errors are not different from each other. Different visually detectable features are determined by, for example, different components constituting visually detectable features, different colours or colour combinations used in the visually detectable features or its components, different sizes of the visually detectable features or its components, the spatial orientation of the visually detectable features or its components, the geometrical shapes of the visually detectable features or its components, the number of the components in the visually detectable features, or the like.
As used herein, the term “different printed element” is intended to mean that there is at least one aspect of the printed element which is different. A different printed element can include, for example, objects which are not the same size, colors which are not the same, a change in spatial orientation of objects of the printed element, or other aspects which make it apparent to the consumer that the printed elements are different. The printed elements can be printed with any process known to those skilled in the art.
By “item” is meant a single product imparted with a visually detectable feature according to the method. An item in the context of the present description may be an absorbent article such as a diaper, a sanitary napkin, a panty liner, an incontinence protector or the like; a wrapping sheet, such as a single wrap or easy wrap; or a release liner.
As used herein, the term “printed element” includes but is not limited to a color, a geometrical shape, a character, a symbol, a letter, text, a pattern, a design, and combinations thereof.
The disclosed method allows one to create “registered” patterns. As used herein, “registered” patterns represents that the same pattern may be created such that visually detectable elements are in the same location. As disclosed in the specification, dependent upon the dimension of the rolls chosen a repeat cycle can be calculated, the registered patterns will then repeat dependent upon that cycle as exemplified by the examples. For example, a pattern may repeat every sixth pattern. That stated, the first and seventh pattern will be identical thereby being “registered” as defined herein.
By “visually detectable element” is meant a portion of the roll having a pattern, a symbol, an object or a colour to be imparted on a web.
As used herein, the term “visually detectable pattern element” means a pattern, a symbol, an object or a colour transferred by means of the visually detectable element to the item.
By “visually detectable feature” is meant the composition of all the visually detectable pattern elements on one item. It is noteworthy that different visually detectable features may comprise at least portions of the same visually detectable pattern element.
A visually detectable feature may be a printed and/or embossed pattern, a printed and/or embossed image, a colour or a combination thereof.
Disposable absorbent articles such as, for example, feminine care, diapers, and incontinent absorbent products, generally include a liquid pervious topsheet, a substantially liquid impervious backsheet, and an absorbent core positioned and held between the topsheet and the backsheet. Disposable absorbent articles may also include other optional components or layers, such as liquid wicking layers, liquid distribution layers, barrier layers, and the like, as well as combinations thereof, which may improve the fluid handling and storage properties of the disposable absorbent article. Generally, disposable absorbent articles provide a body-facing surface and a garment-facing surface. The body-facing surface is generally the topsheet and garment facing surface is the backsheet. The visually detectable features may be present on any component of the absorbent article. Disposable absorbent articles are discussed in further detail below.
The wrapping sheet is intended to protect the absorbent article from outer factors such as dirt and damage. The wrapping sheet may contain one or several absorbent articles. The material of the wrapping sheet may be any material known in the art, such as polyethylene or propylene film, a nonwoven material, or a laminate of a nonwoven material and a plastic film. The visually detectable feature may be present on the outer and/or the inner side of the wrapping material, or between the layers if several layers are present.
Release liner is a component provided for protection of the adhesive provided on the garment-facing sheet of absorbent article. The release liner can be of any material known in the art, e.g. silicone-coated paper. The visually detectable feature may be present on one or both sides of the release liner.
The web may be used as any part of an absorbent article including the backsheet, the topsheet, or the secondary topsheet. The web may be used as a wrapper for the absorbent article, a package for a plurality of absorbent articles, or a release sheet for an absorbent article. The web may be used as part of a package. The web may be used in any product that utilizes a web with graphical elements. Other uses of the web not contemplated herein are not excluded.
As stated above, the method relates to the use of multiple rolls to create a plurality of patterns for a web to be used in absorbent articles. The method includes providing a flexographic or gravure printing process capable of utilizing multiple rolls. The method further includes setting a first roll circumference to the product pitch. Once the first roll diameter and circumference are known, additional rolls such as, for example, a second roll and a third roll are chosen. The second and third roll should have a pitch driven by the circumference that is a multiple of the first roll.
The method may be used when a product pitch is larger than one half the circumference of the largest possible roll dimension that may fit in the flexographic or gravure printing process. Often, the largest roll diameter may be due to real world process or space limitations. Traditionally, under this circumstance, a process could only produce on fixed pattern. It has been found that by setting a first roll to the product pitch and any additional rolls (second, third, fourth, five . . . ) to a multiple that is greater than zero and less than (the maximum circumference allowed in the system/product pitch), then one can create a plurality of controlled patterns comprising a plurality of graphical elements within the same process.
Without being hound by theory, it is believed that to create a plurality of controlled patterns using a plurality of rolls when the product pitch is greater than one half the largest allowed roll circumference, then the following may be observed:
First Roll (A) should have a circumference (CA)=Product pitch (P)
Roll B: CB=XP wherein 0<X<Cmax/P where Cmax is the largest possible circumference that may be utilized in the process.
If X is greater than 1, then one can determine the number of patterns by calculating how many times the multiple will repeat before it is a whole integer. That integer represents the number of patterns that may be created by that roll.
For example, if X=1.5, then
1.5*2=3. Hence, 3 is the number of potential patterns created by that roll before it repeats.
Similarly, if X=1.7, then
1.7*10=17. Hence, 17 is the number of potential patterns created by that roll before it repeats.
If X is less than 1, then:
X should be chosen such that 1/X≠an Integer. If 1/X=an integer, then the additional roll will only create one product.
Provided that 1/X≠an Integer, then the number of patterns the additional roll may provide is equal to:
For example, if X=0.8, then
0.8*5=4 patterns. Hence, 4 is the number of potential patterns created by that roll before it repeats.
wherein Integer=number of patterns before repeating
And (X−1)/(graph dimension/product length) wherein X>equal to 1 to prevent cutting off during walking.
ROLL C: C=XP where 0<X<1
The Absolute of ((X−1)/(graphic dimension/product length))>1
Utilizing the relationships above, it has been found that one can utilize two or more rolls in a flexographic or gravure printing process to create a plurality of consistent designs even when the product pitch is greater than one half of the largest possible circumference.
When utilizing three or more rolls wherein the second roll and the third roll each have a circumference that is a multiple of the first roll based on the equations above, and the circumference of the second roll is different than the circumference of the third roll, the number of patterns created is equal to the lowest possible integer that can be divided by the number of patterns each roll may provide to equal a whole number.
In further embodiments, the method is further characterized in that any number of additional rolls may be added provided that at least one roll has a circumference that is a multiple where X is greater than zero and less than the max circumference divided by the product pitch. For example, a backsheet may have a pattern that comprises of three distinct elements which are the same on all products and an additional element which varies in location on the backsheet. The additional element which varies in location will repeat after a fixed number of articles to create a consistent set of repeating patterns. The roll providing the additional element that varies in location has a circumference that is a multiple of, for example, between 1.1 and 2 of the other rolls. The changing elements created by the additional roll serves to distinguish the products such that they do not all have the same pattern. Additionally, the process may comprise more than one roll that has a circumference that is a multiple where X is greater than zero and less than the max circumference divided by the product pitch. Provided that the additional rolls do not have the same circumference, then the number of potential patterns may increase significantly, such as, for example, over 50 patterns. This allows for one to create a multiple of combinations depending on the circumference of each of the rolls that does not have a repeating fixed pattern.
In creating a multiple of patterns using a plurality of rolls, it is important that any rolls having more than one distinct pattern or element should have varying circumferences. Stated otherwise, if two rolls each have a multiple of the first roll and the multiple is the same, then due to web speed, the two multiple factor rolls would rotate at the same speed thereby creating a limited number of patterns. However, if the roll circumference of a second roll has a multiple factor of 1.5 and the roll circumference of the third roll has a multiple factor of 1.25, then the rolls will create 12 distinct combinations before repeating the patterns.
According to further embodiments, the number of items each having a different visually detectable feature provided before the pattern sequence of the visually detectable features starts to repeat itself is greater than the number of items imparted after one full turn of the roll. In other words, the method allows producing a large amount of items each having a different visually detectable feature using a two or more rolls. This is explained in greater detail below.
The roll may be an embossing roll, a printing roll, or an embossing and printing roll. The surface of the roll is provided with at least one visually detectable element. A visually detectable element may be a geometric or graphic pattern, a single geometric or graphic figure, a symbol or character, a coloured portion, a text message, an embossing pattern, an embossing figure or the like.
According to certain embodiments, the roll may include at least one first visually detectable element having a length equal to the length of the item, and at least one second visually detectable element having a length different from the length of the item, wherein said first and said second visually detectable elements are different. The first item imparted by such a roll will be provided with a first visually detectable feature including a first visually detectable pattern element corresponding to the first visually detectable element. The next (second) item will be provided with a second visually detectable feature including a second visually detectable pattern element corresponding to the second visually detectable element on the roll.
The roll may also include at least one first visually detectable element having a length different from the length of the item, and at least one second visually detectable element having a length different from the length of the item, wherein said first and said second visually detectable elements are different. Assuming that the lengths of the first and second visually detectable elements are shorter than the length of the item, the first item will be provided with a visually detectable feature including a portion of the first visually detectable pattern element and a portion of the second visually detectable pattern element. The second item will be provided with a visually detectable feature including a portion of the second visually detectable pattern element and a portion of the first visually detectable pattern element. The subsequent third item will be provided with a visually detectable feature including a portion of the first visually detectable pattern element and a portion of the second visually detectable pattern element, such that the visually detectable feature of the third item is different from the visually detectable features of preceding and following items.
In certain embodiments, the method may be used for imparting visually detectable features to items such as absorbent articles such as diapers, sanitary napkins, panty liners, incontinence protectors or the like. The items may also be wrapping sheets, such as single wraps or easy wraps. Further, the method may be used for imparting items such as release liners.
In cases when the method is used for imparting a visually detectable feature on an absorbent article, said visually detectable feature may be provided on at least one component of said absorbent article, such as a topsheet, a backsheet, a protective layer, an acquisition layer or an absorbent element.
The visually detectable feature may also be provided on at least two components of said absorbent article, for example, on the topsheet and the backstreet, such that said visually detectable feature on the first component is different from said visually detectable feature on the second component.
The items produced using methods according to methods described above will thus each have different visually detectable features. The items of a production series may then be placed in a package including a plurality of items wherein each item within said package includes a visually detectable feature, wherein said visually detectable feature includes at least one visually detectable pattern element, said visually detectable feature of each of said items is different from the visually detectable features of all other items within said package. The package can include a first item including a first visually detectable feature including at least a portion of a first visually detectable pattern element, and a second item includes a second visually detectable feature including at least a portion of said first visually detectable pattern element, wherein said first and second visually detectable features are different.
As explained above, by utilizing multiple rolls wherein at least one roll has a repeating pattern and wherein at least one roll has two or more patterns having visually distinct features, the package can include at least two items having different visually detectable features such that said visually detectable features include portions of the same visually detectable pattern element. Despite the fact that the visually detectable features of these items will include portions of the same visually detectable pattern element, these portions will be different.
A variety of visually detectable features within the same package has a certain emotional benefit for the user, since the user will be surprised by a new design at every change of item.
In certain embodiments, the package includes a plurality of items each having a different visually detectable feature. Each visually detectable feature in turn includes at least one visually detectable pattern element which may be a geometric or graphic pattern, a single geometric or graphic figure, a symbol or character, a colored portion, a text message, an embossed pattern, an embossed figure or the like.
The package may contain absorbent articles such as diapers, sanitary napkins, panty liners, incontinence protectors or the like.
The items within the package may also be wrapping sheets, such as single wraps or easy wraps, or release liners.
In cases when the package includes absorbent articles, said visually detectable feature may be provided on at least one component of said absorbent article, such as a topsheet, backsheet, an acquisition layer or an absorbent element.
The visually detectable feature may also be provided on at least two components of said absorbent article, for example, on the topsheet and the backsheet, such that said visually detectable feature on the first component is different from said visually detectable feature on the second component.
The person skilled in the art would understand that the number of items each having a different visually detectable feature may be varied depending on the character of the item, the size of the package and so on. The number of items each having a different visually detectable feature in a package may, for example, be between 10 and 50.
Cylinder 1=the pitch of the product (P)
In this example the total number of images created can be calculated by expressing each factor as a fraction in its simplest form:
Factor A=0.8=4/5 which means there will be 5 images printed from print cylinder 2 which will repeat every 4th product pitch set by Cylinder 1
Factor B=0.6=3/5 which means there will be 5 images printed from print cylinder 3 which will repeat every 3rd product pitch set by Cylinder 1
Factor C=1.3=13/10 which means there will be 13 images printed from print cylinder 4 which will repeat every 13th product pitch set by Cylinder 1.
Therefore the unique number of images created by this arrangement of cylinders is calculated by multiplying the number product pitches each print cylinder will repeat as set by cylinder 1. This will be the number of unique images that will be generated up to the point when all the individual images printed from each cylinder will be printed at the same original location creating a repeated image or artwork.
In this example then the number of unique artworks (N)=4*3*13=136 unique artworks.
Cylinder 1=the pitch of the product (P)
Factor A=2/5 which means there will be 5 images printed from print cylinder 2 which will repeat every 2nd product pitch set by Cylinder 1
Factor B=3/2 which means there will be 2 images printed from print cylinder 3 which will repeat every 3rd product pitch set by Cylinder 1
The unique number of artworks (N)=2*3=6 unique artworks
Cylinder 1=the pitch of the product (P)
Therefore Factor A=6/5 which means there will 5 images printed from print cylinder 2 which will repeat every 6th product pitch set by Cylinder 1
The unique number of artwork N=6 unique artworks
A product with a pitch=630 mm is printed in a press where the maximum circumference of the print cylinder is 1 meter. The print pitch is >0.5*Cmax=500 mm, therefore a plurality of images will be achieved using the following cylinder arrangements:
Print cylinder 1=630 mm circumference
Print cylinder 2=Factor A*Print pitch=1.5*630 mm=945 mm
To ensure the whole graphics being printed are all fitting within the set product pitch (630 mm), the following condition must be true for graphic length which for this example has been set to 100 mm
Abs(Factor A−1)/(graphic length/print pitch)>1
(1.5−1)/(100 mm/630 mm)=3.15>1 therefore the condition is met
To calculate the unique number of artworks that could be printed
Factor A=1.5=3/2 therefore 2 images will be printed from print cylinder 2 which will repeat every 3rd product pitches set by Cylinder 1 resulting in 3 unique artworks.
An example absorbent article according to the present disclosure, shown in the form of a taped diaper 10, is represented in
The absorbent article 10 may comprise a front waist region 12, a crotch region 14, and a back waist region 16. The crotch region 14 may extend intermediate the front waist region 12 and the back waist region 16. The absorbent article 10 may comprise a front end edge 18, a back end edge 20 opposite to the front end edge 18, a first side edge 22, and a second side edge 24 opposite to the first side edge 22.
The absorbent article 10 may comprise a liquid permeable topsheet 26, a liquid impermeable backsheet 28, an absorbent core 30 positioned at least partially intermediate the topsheet 26 and the backsheet 28. The absorbent article 10 may also comprise one or more pairs of barrier leg cuffs 32, one or more pairs of leg elastics 34, one or more elastic waistbands 36, and/or one or more acquisition materials 38. The acquisition material or materials 38 may be positioned intermediate the topsheet 26 and the absorbent core 30. An outer cover material 40 may cover a garment-facing side of the backsheet 28. The absorbent article 10 may comprise back ears 42 in the back waist region 16 that may be attached to a landing zone area or landing zone material 44 in the front waist region 12. The back ears 42 may comprise fasteners 46 and may extend from the back waist region 16 of the absorbent article 10 and attach to the landing zone area or landing zone material 44 on a garment-facing portion of the front waist region 12 of the absorbent article 10, or vice versa. The absorbent article 10 may also have front ears 47 in the front waist region 12. The absorbent article 10 may have a lateral axis 48 and a longitudinal axis 50.
In other instances, the absorbent article may be in the form of a pant having permanent or refastenable side seams. Referring to
The absorbent articles of the present disclosure may be placed into packages. The packages may comprise polymeric films and/or other materials. Graphics and/or indicia relating to properties of the absorbent articles may be formed on, printed on, positioned on, and/or placed on outer portions of the packages. Each package may comprise a plurality of absorbent articles. The absorbent articles may be packed under compression so as to reduce the size of the packages, while still providing an adequate amount of absorbent articles per package. By packaging the absorbent articles under compression, caregivers can easily handle and store the packages, while also providing distribution savings to manufacturers owing to the size of the packages.
“Array” means a display of packages comprising disposable absorbent articles of different article constructions (e.g., different elastomeric materials [compositionally and/or structurally] in the side panels, side flaps and/or belts flaps, different graphic elements, different product structures, fasteners or lack thereof). The packages may have the same brand and/or sub-brand and/or the same trademark registration and/or having been manufactured by or for a common manufacturer and the packages may be available at a common point of sale (e.g. oriented in proximity to each other in a given area of a retail store). An array is marketed as a line-up of products normally having like packaging elements (e.g., packaging material type, film, paper, dominant color, design theme, etc.) that convey to consumers that the different individual packages are part of a larger line-up. Arrays often have the same brand, for example, “Huggies,” and same sub-brand, for example, “Pull-Ups.” A different product in the array may have the same brand “Huggies” and the sub-brand “Little Movers.” The differences between the “Pull-Ups” product of the array and the “Little Movers” product in the array may include product form, application style, different fastening designs or other structural elements intended to address the differences in physiological or psychological development. Furthermore, the packaging is distinctly different in that “Pull-Ups” is packaged in a predominately blue or pink film bag and “Little Movers” is packaged in a predominately red film bag.
Further regarding “Arrays,” as another example an array may be formed by different products having different product forms manufactured by the same manufacturer, for example, “Kimberly-Clark”, and bearing a common trademark registration for example, one product may have the brand name “Huggies,” and sub-brand, for example, “Pull-Ups.” A different product in the array may have a brand/sub-brand “Good Nites” and both are registered trademarks of The Kimberly-Clark Corporation and/or are manufactured by Kimberly-Clark. Arrays also often have the same trademarks, including trademarks of the brand, sub-brand, and/or features and/or benefits across the line-up. “On-line Array” means an “Array” distributed by a common on-line source.
Referring to
Although the present invention has been described with reference to various embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. It is intended that the detailed description be regarded as illustrative and that the appended claims including all the equivalents are intended to define the scope of the invention.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm”
All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62426664 | Nov 2016 | US |
