Patent Application
20170159361
The present disclosure relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, and in particular to methods of drilling the ground, in any type of terrain, which drilling may in particular be horizontal, vertical, or inclined.
Traditionally, ground drilling machines have large slides that serve to guide the movement of drill tubes. Such a slide, an example of which is shown in
The use of a slide presents several drawbacks.
Firstly, since the slide forms a guide of size that is greater than each unit drill tube element, it presents very considerable weight. Specifically, the slide needs to withstand not only the weight of a unit drill tube element, but also its own weight, together with the weight of the drill head, and the forces associated with drilling. As a result, the slide is very heavy and particularly bulky.
Because of the large weight and bulk of the slide, the ground drilling machine needs to be provided with a mechanism for moving and steering the slide that is complex, heavy, and bulky.
Finally, the carrier must also be dimensioned so as to be capable of carrying simultaneously the moving and steering mechanism, the slide, and the first tube, which means that it is necessary to use a carrier that is powerful and therefore bulky and expensive.
An object of the present disclosure is to propose a method of drilling ground that can be performed more easily and that requires less space.
To this end, the disclosure provides a method of drilling ground along a drilling direction, the method comprising:
In the present disclosure, the term “drill tube” is intended to also cover drill pipes which may be smaller in diameter than drill tubes.
It can thus be understood that actuating the manipulator arm serves in particular to take hold of the first and second drill tubes, to align them with the drilling direction, to secure them to each other in order to form a tubular drilling assembly of great length, and to introduce said assembly into the ground.
Actuating the articulated manipulator arm, which serves to move the gripper member, consists in imparting at least one deformation to the manipulator arm. In other words, the gripper member is moved along the drilling direction by deforming the manipulator arm.
It could also be understood that the alignment step consists in aligning the longitudinal axis of the drill tube with the drilling direction.
The second drill tube may be fastened to the first drill tube by acting on the gripper member, e.g. by moving the gripper member in translation for clamping purposes or by rotating it for screw-fastening purposes.
The second drill tube may be also aligned with the drilling direction prior to being secured to the first drill tube.
The manipulator arm may be an articulated robot presenting a sufficient number of degrees of freedom to enable the gripper member to be positioned and moved in particular along a straight-line path that coincides with the drilling direction, thus, the manipulator arm is actuated by deforming and moving the arm.
By means of the disclosure, drill tubes can be inserted into the ground without requiring the presence of a slide, insofar as it is the manipulator arm that serves to align the drill tube with the drilling direction.
Thrust along the drilling direction may be obtained by moving the gripper member along the drilling direction. More precisely, actuating the manipulator arm by deforming it has the effect of moving the gripper member along the drilling direction, and thus of thrusting the first drill tube along the drilling direction.
To drive the first drill tube into the ground, the gripper member exerts thrust on the first drill tube along the drilling direction.
In the disclosure, the ground for drilling may be horizontal, vertical, or indeed inclined. In particular, the method of the disclosure can be implemented when drilling into a wall that is substantially vertical.
The first and second drill tubes may be stored in at least one storage zone arranged in the proximity of the manipulator arm. It can be understood that the gripper member retrieves the first and second drill tubes in succession from the storage zone. It can be understood that the disclosure enables the drill tubes to be stored in a manner that need not necessarily be well ordered, the manipulator arm being arranged to take hold of a drill tube via one of its ends, regardless of its orientation, and prior to putting the drill tube into alignment.
Without going beyond the ambit of the present disclosure, the method of the disclosure may be repeated so as to insert into the ground a tubular drilling assembly that is made up of a number of drill tubes that is greater than two.
After the drilling operation, the gripper member may also be used for extracting the tubular drilling assembly by decoupling the drill tubes from one another so as to withdraw them in succession from the ground, and finally put them back in the storage zone.
Thus, the drilling method of the disclosure is faster and easier to implement than prior art methods in which additional and specific tooling is generally needed in order to retrieve the drill tubes and place them in the slide.
The first drill tube may be driven into the ground by setting it into rotation while exerting thrust thereon in the drilling direction.
The first drill tube may be driven into the ground by vibrating it while exerting thrust thereon in the drilling direction.
Setting the first drill tube into vibration can be combined with setting it into rotation.
According to some embodiments, there is also provided a retainer member having an axis that is substantially parallel to the drilling direction, the retainer member is placed facing the ground to be drilled, and the first drill tube is driven into the ground after inserting the second end of the first drill tube through the retainer member.
The function of the retainer member is to block movement of the first drill tube axially, e.g. in order to hold the first drill tube in the ground while it is being fastened to the second drill tube.
The retainer member may be fastened to the ground beforehand. In an implementation, the retainer member is fastened to the wall for drilling.
The retainer member may include guide means for facilitating guidance of the first drill tube.
In a variant, the retainer member may be arranged facing the wall for drilling, but without being fastened thereto.
While driving the first drill tube into the ground, the first drill tube may be maintained in alignment with the drilling direction, where necessary, by adjusting the position and/or the orientation of the retainer member.
It can be understood that monitoring the alignment of the first drill tube makes it possible to correct the drilling path. The position and/or the orientation of the gripper member is/are adjusted periodically, for example, in real time, whereby the drilling path is corrected periodically during drilling.
The disclosure also provides an installation for drilling ground, along a drilling direction, by performing the drilling method of the disclosure, which installation comprises:
As mentioned above, the manipulator arm is deformable and presents a plurality of degrees of freedom enabling the gripper member to be steered and moved, in particular along a straight-line direction. The manipulator arm is thus actuated by deforming and/or moving said arm, which movement may be a movement in rotation.
The drive means for driving one or the other of the first and second drill tubes into the ground are arranged to move the gripper member along the drilling direction, which gripper member is holding the drill tube via its first end. For this purpose, the gripper member exerts thrust on the drill tube along the drilling direction. The manipulator arm may include an arm that exerts thrust on the gripper member, which thrust is directed along the drilling direction.
According to embodiments of the disclosure, the manipulator arm may not have an elongate slide for guiding drill tubes. In other words, the manipulator arm does not have a slide of the kind shown in
The thrust exerted by the gripper member on the first drill tube may be determined, and for example corrected, while drilling is taking place.
The speed at which the first drill tube penetrates may be determined, and for example corrected, while drilling is taking place.
To do this, the manipulator arm has movement sensors and force sensors suitable for determining the penetration speed of the drill tubes, and also the forces applied to said drill tubes. These values can be compared periodically, for example, in real time, with target values. The operator can then modify the thrust force or the travel speed of the gripper member in order to correct these values. According to some embodiments, the corrections may be performed automatically.
The alignment means serve to align the longitudinal axis of the drill tubes with the drilling direction.
The installation may further comprise measurement means for determining the position and the orientation in three-dimensional space of the gripper member, and the alignment means make use of measurement data supplied by the measurement means.
The alignment means also enable the path of the drill tube to be corrected while drilling is taking place, so as to ensure that the drilling path remains a straight line during drilling.
The measurement means serve periodically, for example, in real time, to determine the position and the orientation of the gripper member, and consequently the position and the orientation of the drill tube held by the gripper member.
Furthermore, and preferably, the manipulator arm is servo-controlled in terms of path, speed, and forces.
Alternatively, the alignment means may include a sensor suitable for following a laser beam defining the drilling direction.
The installation of the disclosure may further comprise a retainer member having an axis that is substantially parallel to the drilling direction, the retainer member being arranged to have one or the other of the first and second drill tubes passed therethrough.
The retainer member may further comprise a controllable blocker device for blocking movement in translation of the first drill tube relative to the ground along the drilling direction.
For example, the blocker device is actuated so as to block the first drill tube in the ground while the gripper member is securing the second drill tube to the first drill tube, e.g. by clamping or by screw-fastening.
The blocker device may also be actuated during a stage of withdrawing drill tubes, in order to hold the first drill tube in place while the gripper member separates the second drill tube from the second drill tube.
According to some embodiments, the retainer member may further comprise a rotary head enabling at least the first drill tube to be set into rotation when said first drill tube is co-operating with the retainer member.
In this embodiment, the gripper member exerts only thrust along the drilling direction on the drill tube, and it is the rotary head of the retainer member that sets it into rotation.
The manipulator arm may further comprise an actuator head enabling at least the first drill tube to be set into rotation and/or into vibration.
In an embodiment, the gripper member includes said actuator head.
In another embodiment, the installation further comprises at least one drill pipe, and the gripper member is also configured to take hold of the drill pipe and to insert it in the first drill tube inserted into the ground.
In a variant, the first drill tube is inserted into the ground initially prior to inserting the drill pipe in the first drill tube. In another variant, the drill pipe is inserted into the first drill tube prior to inserting the assembly into the ground.
Finally, according to some embodiments, the manipulator arm is an articulated robot presenting at least three articulation points.
The disclosure can be better understood on reading the following description of embodiments of the disclosure given as non-limiting examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Without going beyond the ambit of the present disclosure, the wall P could have some other configuration, and the drilling direction D could slope relative to the horizontal, or could indeed be vertical.
The installation 10 comprises an articulated and motorized manipulator arm 12 that, in this example, is a robot having a plurality of articulation axes referenced X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5. The manipulator arm presents three articulation points.
More precisely, the manipulator arm has a first portion 14 that can pivot about a vertical pivot axis X1, a second portion 16 that can pivot relative to the first portion 14 about a pivot axis X2, a third portion 18 that can pivot relative to the second portion 16 about a pivot axis X3, and a fourth portion 20 articulated relative to the third portion 18.
Unlike the prior art, the manipulator arm does not have a slide.
The manipulator arm 12 also has a gripper member 30 that is articulated relative to the fourth portion 20. As can be seen, the gripper member is arranged at the end of the manipulator arm. The manipulator arm 12 has actuator means (not shown) that serve to set the various portions into movement relative to one another so as to deform the manipulator arm and thus steer and move the gripper member 30 in three dimensions. This type of manipulator arm is manufactured in particular by the suppliers Kuka and Fanuc. In contrast, the use of such a manipulator arm in the context of drilling ground in accordance with the present disclosure is not described in the prior art.
In this example, the articulations and the various portions are shown diagrammatically. It should be understood that the manipulator arm is configured in particular to enable the movable gripper member to move in a straight line, and in particular along the drilling direction D.
In this example, the installation 10 also has a plurality of drill tubes, specifically in this example a first drill tube 40 of length L, a second drill tube 42, and a third drill tube 44. Each of the first, second, and third drill tubes has a first end 40a, 42a, 44a, and a second end 40b, 42b, 44b opposite from its first end. Each of these drill tubes presents a longitudinal axis. These tubes are designed to be secured end to end to one another so as to form a tubular drilling assembly of great length. Naturally, without going beyond the ambit of the present disclosure, these tubes could be in the form of drill pipes.
Furthermore, the manipulator arm does not have an elongate slide for guiding drill tubes, as is shown in
As can be seen in
In addition, the second end 42b of the second drill tube 42 can be secured to the first end 40a of the first drill tube 40. In this example, the first and second drill tubes are secured to each other by screw-fastening.
The gripper member 30 is configured to take hold of one or another of the first, second, and third drill tubes via its first end.
In the example of
It is specified that the gripper member 30 also has an actuator head 32 that, in this example, serves to impart both rotation and vibration to the first drill tube 40.
In this example, the installation 10 also has a retainer member 50 of axis A that is substantially parallel to the drilling direction D.
In the example of
The retainer member 50 is in the form of a sleeve suitable for having one or another of the first, second, and third drill tubes passed therethrough. Still in the example of
The manipulator arm 12 also has drive means 60 for driving the first drill tube 40 into the ground S along the drilling direction D. In this example, the means for driving the first drill tube comprise the various portions 14, 16, 18, and 20 making up the manipulator arm and the actuator means enabling the various portions to be moved relative to one another so as to exert straight-line thrust on the gripper member, this thrust being directed along the drilling direction D.
This step of driving the first drill tube 40 into the ground S is shown in
The manipulator arm also has alignment means 70 for aligning the first drill tube 40 with the drilling direction D, the alignment means in this example comprising the various portions making up the manipulator arm and the actuator means, thereby enabling the longitudinal axis of the first drill tube to be put into alignment with the drilling direction D.
It is specified that the installation further includes measurement means 69 (shown in
The alignment means make use of measurement data supplied by the measurement means 69 in order to put the longitudinal axis of the first drill tube 40 into alignment with the drilling direction D.
As shown in
While exerting thrust on the first drill tube 40 via the gripper member 30, the actuator head 32 is actuated in such a manner as to set the first drill tube 40 into rotation.
In this example, the actuator head also includes a vibration generator for vibrating the first drill tube 40.
In other words, the first drill tube is driven into the ground by setting it into rotation, while also causing it to vibrate and thrusting it along the drilling direction D, as shown in
After the first drill tube 40 has been driven into the ground S, the blocker device 56 is actuated in order to prevent any axial movement of the first drill tube 40. The gripper member 30 releases the first end 40a of the first drill tube 40, and retrieves the second drill tube 42, taking hold of it via its first end 42a.
The manipulator arm is then actuated so as to put the longitudinal axis of the second drill tube 42 into alignment with the drilling direction D.
The gripper member 30 is then moved so as to bring the second end 42b of the second tube 42 into a position facing the first end 40a of the first drill tube 40. The second drill tube 42 is then secured to the first drill tube 40 by screw-fastening, by using the actuator head 32 to turn the drill tube 42 so as to screw the second end of the second drill tube to the end part of the first drill tube 40 that is held blocked in the ground by the blocker device 56.
It can thus be understood that the manipulator arm 12 also has fastener means 80 for fastening the second end 42b of the second tube 42 to the first end 40a of the first drill tube 40, and in this example said means comprise in particular the actuator head of the gripper member 30.
After the second drill tube 42 has been secured to the first drill tube 40, and more precisely after the second end of the second drill tube has been fastened to the first end of the first drill tube, the blocker device 56 is released so as to allow the first drill tube 40 to move freely in translation along the drilling direction D. The gripper member 30 is then moved along the drilling direction D so as to drive the second drill tube fastened to the first drill tube into the ground. This movement is thus a movement in translation performed along the drilling direction D.
Likewise, the second drill tube 42 is set into rotation while moving the gripper member 30 so as to drive the drill tube 41 in rotation. The second drill tube is also caused to vibrate. This step is shown in
Thus, the implementation of the drilling method of the disclosure as shown in
Furthermore, while driving the first drill tube 40 into the ground, and likewise while driving the second drill tube into the ground, the first and second drill tubes are kept in alignment with the drilling direction by periodically comparing the real drilling path with the desired drilling direction D and, where necessary, by adjusting the position and the orientation in three-dimensional space of the gripper member 30, in order to correct the path.
It can thus be understood that the rotary head 55 is arranged to set the first drill tube 40 into rotation while the gripper member 30 is moving so as to drive the first guide tube 40 into the ground.
In the variant of
In
In
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1456602 | Jul 2014 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2015/051884 | 7/8/2015 | WO | 00 |
