Claims
- 1. A method of training to perform endoscopic cardiac surgery, comprising:
providing a model human thorax having an anterior aspect and a posterior aspect, the model thorax comprising an internal cavity, at least one artery, a first rib, and a second rib; providing a model heart located in the internal cavity and removably connected to the model thorax; providing a fluid system in fluid communication with the model heart and providing pressurized fluid to the at least one artery; inserting an endoscopic cutting instrument through a space between the first rib and the second rib; and cutting the at least one artery with the instrument, such that simulated bleeding occurs when the pressurized fluid effuses from the at least one artery.
- 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one artery comprises a model coronary artery connected to the heart.
- 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising endoscopically interposing a model vein graft between the model coronary artery and a model aorta that is connected to the heart.
- 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the model thorax further comprises a model sternum on the anterior aspect of the model thorax, and wherein the at least one artery comprises a model internal mammary artery adjacent to a posterior surface of the model sternum.
- 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one artery further comprises a model coronary artery, and wherein the method further comprises endoscopically anastomosing the model coronary artery to the model internal mammary artery.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
PCT US00/05627 |
Mar 2000 |
US |
|
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/517,413, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/122,543, filed Mar. 2, 1999.
Provisional Applications (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60122543 |
Mar 1999 |
US |
Divisions (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09517413 |
Mar 2000 |
US |
Child |
09760378 |
Jan 2001 |
US |