This application claims priority of Taiwanese Application No. 104118495, filed on Jun. 8, 2015.
The disclosure relates to estimation of Internet activity dependence of a human subject, and more particularly to a method of estimating Internet activity dependence of a human subject.
In recent years, it has become very convenient to acquire and use the Internet. However, with such convenience come undesirable habitual behaviors, such as excessive Internet usage, and addiction to the Internet in gaming and shopping.
An Internet addict may always feel tired and/or have unstable emotions to cause an estranged relationship with his/her family members, and to be unable to concentrate, thereby adversely affecting, e.g., school or workplace performance. In view of the above problems, a topic to explore correlation between Internet activity dependence and Internet addiction has been taken seriously.
In a typical estimation method for Internet activity dependence of an Internet user, first of all, the Internet user is required to frequently fill out specific questionnaire throughout an entire span of the period of estimation, e.g., six months. Then, the Internet activity dependence of the Internet user corresponding to the period of estimation can be estimated based on all the questionnaires filled out by the Internet user during the period of estimation. Such estimation method is not only time-consuming, but also unsuitable for adequately estimating a current Internet activity dependence of the Internet user.
Therefore, an object of the disclosure is to provide a method of estimating Internet activity dependence of a human subject that can overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
According to the disclosure, there is provided a method of estimating Internet activity dependence of a human subject. The method is to be implemented by a system that includes a respiration sensing unit and a processing unit. The method includes the steps of:
A) by the respiration sensing unit, sensing respiration-caused thorax and abdomen movements of the human subject during a first time period, and during a subsequent second time period during which an emotional stimulation material played on a multimedia playing unit is being watched by the human subject, so as to generate a first thoracic respiratory signal and a first abdominal respiratory signal that correspond to the first time period, and a second thoracic respiratory signal and a second abdominal respiratory signal that correspond to the second time period; and
B) by the processing unit, generating an estimation result associated with the Internet activity dependence of the human subject based on a predetermined criterion associated with the emotional stimulation material, the first and second thoracic respiratory signals and the first and second abdominal respiratory signals.
Other features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent in the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
Before the disclosure is described in greater detail, it should be noted that like elements are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the disclosure.
Referring to
The respiration sensing unit 13 is, for example, attached to two belts 130 bonded around the torso 101 of the human subject 100 or to a smart garment (not shown) worn on the human subject 100. Herein, the respiration sensing unit 13 is wiredly connected to the processing unit 12. Alternatively, the respiration sensing unit 13 may communicate with the processing unit 12 using wireless communications. It is noted that the respiration sensing unit 13 includes a first respiration sensor 131 attached to the chest of the human subject 100 for sensing respiration-caused thorax movements of the human subject 100, and a second respiration sensor 132 attached to the abdomen of the human subject 100 for sensing respiration-caused abdomen movements of the human subject 100. The input unit 14 is manually operable by a user (not shown) to generate an input that is associated with an emotional stimulation material to be played on the multimedia playing unit 11. The multimedia playing unit 11 is controlled by the processing unit 12 to play the emotional stimulation material thereon. The emotional stimulation material may include either positive emotional content that tends to stimulate positive emotions in a viewer thereof or negative emotional content that tends to stimulate negative emotions in a viewer thereof.
In some embodiments, the multimedia playing unit 11, the processing unit 12 and the input unit 14, may be cooperatively implemented into, for example, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a personal computer or the like. The processing unit 12 may be installed with a software application (not shown) that includes instructions executable by the processing unit 12 to implement related steps of the method of the first embodiment of the disclosure.
In step 20, the respiration sensing unit 13 senses respiration-caused thorax and abdomen movements of the human subject 100 during a predetermined first time period so as to generate one set of signals, including a first thoracic respiratory signal (St1) and a first abdominal respiratory signal (Sa1) and corresponding to the predetermined first time period.
In step 21, upon receipt of the input from the input unit 14, the processing unit 12 controls, in response to the input, the multimedia playing unit 11 to play the emotional stimulation material to the human subject 100 during a predetermined second time period subsequent to the predetermined first time period. The emotional stimulation material may be provided by the processing unit 12 or a storage medium (not shown) installed in the multimedia playing unit 11. In this embodiment, for example, the processing unit 12 provides, in response to the input from the input unit 14, the emotional stimulation material, which includes the positive emotional content, to the multimedia playing unit 11.
In step 22, as the emotional stimulation material displayed on the multimedia playing unit 11 is being displayed for view by the human subject 100, the respiration sensing unit 13 senses respiration-caused thorax and abdomen movements of the human subject 100 during the predetermined second time period so as to generate another set of signals, including a second thoracic respiratory signal (St2) and a second abdominal respiratory signal (Sa2) and corresponding to the predetermined second time period.
In step 23, the processing unit 12 generates an estimation result associated with the Internet activity dependence of the human subject 100 based on a predetermined criterion associated with the emotional stimulation material including the positive emotional content, on the first and second thoracic respiratory signals (St1, St2), and on the first and second abdominal respiratory signals (Sa1, Sa2).
In step 31, the processing unit 12 filters out noises in the first and second thoracic respiratory signals respiratory signals (Sa1, Sa2). In this embodiment, the noises filtered out by the processing unit 12 have frequencies higher than, for example, 50 Hz or lower than, for example, 0.01 Hz.
In step 32, the processing unit 12 divides, using a decomposition method, the first thoracic respiratory signal (St1) into a first signal component (St11) and a second signal component (St12) whose frequencies differ from each other, the first abdominal respiratory signal (Sa1) into a first signal component (Sa11) and a second signal component (Sa12) whose frequencies differ from each other, the second thoracic respiratory signal (St2) into a first signal component (St21) and a second signal component (St22) whose frequencies differ from each other, and the second abdominal respiratory signal (Sa2) into a first signal component (Sa21) and a second signal component (Sa22) whose frequencies differ from each other. In this embodiment, the decomposition method is associated with, for example, a complementary ensemble empirical model proposed in an article by H. M. Ji, et al., entitled “Muscle cluster extraction of inspiratory movement by using complimentary ensemble empirical mode decomposition”. Since the feature of this disclosure does not reside in the decomposition method, details of the same are omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
In step 33, the processing unit 12 calculates an average frequency (Ft11) and an average amplitude (At11) of the first signal component (St11), an average frequency (Ft12) and an average amplitude (At12) of the second signal component (St12), an average frequency (Fa11) and an average amplitude (Aa11) of the first signal component (Sa11), an average frequency (Fa12) and an average amplitude (Aa12) of the second signal component (Sa12), an average frequency (Ft21) and an average amplitude (At21) of the first signal component (St21), an average frequency (Ft22) and an average amplitude At22) of the second signal component (St22), an average frequency (Fa21) and an average amplitude (Aa21) of the first signal component (Sa21), and an average frequency (Fa22) and an average amplitude (Aa22) of the second signal component (Sa22). In this embodiment, the average frequencies (Ft11, Fa11, Ft21, Fa21) and the average amplitudes (At11, Aa11, At21, Aa21) cooperatively constitute first data, and the average frequencies (Ft12, Fa12, Ft22, Fa22) and the average amplitudes (At12, Aa12, At22, Aa22) cooperatively constitute second data.
For example, the average amplitudes (At11, At12, At21, At22) and the average amplitudes (Aa11, Aa12, Aa21, Aa22) can be obtained respectively by the following equations (1) and (2):
where s represents a sample size of each of the first and second signal components, Stjk(n) represents an amplitude of an nth sample in the first/second signal component Stjk, Sajk(n) represents an amplitude of an nth sample in the first/second signal component Sajk.
It is noted that average frequencies (Ft11, Fa11, Ft21, Fa21) of the first signal components (St11, Sa11, St21, S21) are all in a first frequency band, for example, higher than 1 Hz but not higher than 50 Hz. In addition, average frequencies (Ft12, Fa12, Ft22, Fa22) of the second signal components (St12, Sa12, St22, Sa22) are all in a second frequency band, for example, higher than 0.01 Hz but not higher than 1 Hz.
In step 34, the processing unit 12 generates, the estimation result based on the predetermined criterion associated with the emotional stimulation material including the positive emotional content, the first data and the second data.
In step 341, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft11) is greater than the average frequency (Ft21), whether the average frequency (Fa11) is greater than the average frequency (Fa21), whether the average amplitude (At11) is smaller than the average amplitude (At21) and whether the average amplitude (Aa11) is smaller than the average amplitude (Aa21) so as to generate a first determination output. Furthermore, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft12) is greater than the average frequency (Ft22), whether the average frequency (Fa12) is smaller than the average frequency (Fa22), whether the average amplitude (At12) is greater than the average amplitude (At22) and whether the average amplitude (Aa12) is greater than the average amplitude (Aa22) so as to generate a second determination output. When the first determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft11>Ft21, Fa11>Fa21, At11<At21 and Aa11<Aa21 while the second determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft12>Ft22, Fa12<Fa22, At12>At22 and Aa12>Aa22, the flow proceeds to step 342. Otherwise, the flow goes to step 343.
In step 342, the processing unit 12 generates a first estimation output which indicates that the human subject 100 is relatively highly dependent on Internet activity and which serves as the estimation result.
In step 343, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft11) is greater than the average frequency (Ft21), whether the average frequency (Fa11) is smaller than the average frequency (Fa21), whether the average amplitude (At11) is greater than the average amplitude (At21) and whether the average amplitude (Aa11) is greater than the average amplitude (Aa21) so as to generate a third determination output. Furthermore, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft12) is smaller than the average frequency (Ft22), whether the average frequency (Fa12) is smaller than the average frequency (Fa22), whether the average amplitude (At12) is smaller than the average amplitude (At22) and whether the average amplitude (Aa12) is smaller than the average amplitude (Aa22) so as to generate a fourth determination output. When the third determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft11>Ft21, Fa11<Fa21, Atn>At21 and Aa11>Aa21 while the fourth determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft12<Ft22, Fa12<Fa22, At12<At22 and Aa12<Aa22, the flow proceeds to step 344. Otherwise, the flow goes to step 345.
In step 344, the processing unit 12 generates a second estimation output which indicates that the human subject 100 is relatively lowly dependent on Internet activity and which serves as the estimation result.
In this example, each of the first and third determination outputs can be regarded as a corresponding first comparison result associated with the average frequencies (Ft11, Ft21, Fa11, Fa22) and the average amplitudes (At11, At21, Aa11, Aa21) Each of the second and fourth determination outputs can be regarded as a corresponding second comparison result associated with the average frequencies (Ft12, Ft22, Fa12, Fa22) and the average amplitudes (At12, At22, Aa12, Aa22).
In step 345, the processing unit 12 generates a third estimation output indicating inconclusive result as to Internet activity dependence of the human subject 100 and serving as the estimation result.
Therefore, Table 1 built in accordance with this example of
In step 341′, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft11) is greater than the average frequency (Ft21), whether the average frequency (Fa11) is greater than the average frequency (Fa21), whether the average amplitude (At11) is smaller than the average amplitude (At21) and whether the average amplitude (Aa11) is smaller than the average amplitude (Aa21) so as to generate a first determination output. When the first determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft11>Ft21, Fa11>Fa21, At11<At21 and Aa11<Aa21, the flow proceeds to step 342′. Otherwise, the flow goes to step 343′.
In step 342′, similar to step 342 of
In step 343′, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft12) is greater than the average frequency (Ft22), whether the average frequency (Fa12) is smaller than the average frequency (Fa22), whether the average amplitude (At12) is greater than the average amplitude (At22) and whether the average amplitude (Aa12) is greater than the average amplitude (Aa22) so as to generate a second determination output. When the second determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft12>Ft22, Fa12<Fa22, At12>At22 and Aa12>Aa22, the flow goes back to step 342′. Otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 344′.
In step 344′, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft11) is greater than the average frequency (Ft21), whether the average frequency (Fa11) is smaller than the average frequency (Fa21), whether the average amplitude (At11) is greater than the average amplitude (At21) and whether the average amplitude (Aa11) is greater than the average amplitude (Aa21) so as to generate a third determination output. When the third determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft11>Ft21, Fa11<Fa21, At11>At21 and Aa11>Aa21, the flow proceeds to step 345′. Otherwise, the flow goes to step 346′.
In step 345′, similar to step 344 of
In step 346′, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft12) is smaller than the average frequency (Ft22), whether the average frequency (Fa12) is smaller than the average frequency (Fa22), whether the average amplitude (At12) is smaller than the average amplitude (At22) and whether the average amplitude (Aa12) is smaller than the average amplitude (Aa22) so as to generate a fourth determination output. When the fourth determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft12<Ft22, Fa12<Fa22, At12<At22 and Aa12<Aa22, the flow goes back to step 345′. Otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 347′.
In this example, similar to the example shown in
In step 347′, similar to step 345 of
Therefore, Table 2 built in accordance with this example of
However, in step 41, unlike step 21 of the first embodiment (
In step 541, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft11) is greater than the average frequency (Ft21), whether the average frequency (Fa11) is greater than the average frequency (Fa21), whether the average amplitude (At11) is greater than the average amplitude (At21) and whether the average amplitude (Aa11) is smaller than the average amplitude (Aa21) so as to generate a first determination output. Furthermore, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft12) is smaller than the average frequency (Ft22), whether the average frequency (Fa12) is greater than the average frequency (Fa22), whether the average amplitude (At12) is smaller than the average amplitude (At22) and whether the average amplitude (Aa12) is greater than the average amplitude (Aa22) so as to generate a second determination output. When the first determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft11>Ft21, Fa11>Fa21, A11>At21 and Aa11<Aa21 while the second determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft12<Ft22, Fa12>Fa22, At12<At22 and Aa12>Aa22, the flow proceeds to step 542. Otherwise, the flow goes to step 543.
In step 542, similar to step 342 of the first embodiment (
In step 543, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft11) is smaller than the average frequency (Ft21), whether the average frequency (Fa11) is smaller than the average frequency (Fa21), whether the average amplitude (At11) is smaller than the average amplitude (At21) and whether the average amplitude (Aa11) is greater than the average amplitude (Aa21) so as to generate a third determination output. Furthermore, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft12) is smaller than the average frequency (Ft22), whether the average frequency (Fa12) is greater than the average frequency (Fa22), whether the average amplitude (At12) is greater than the average amplitude (At22) and whether the average amplitude (Aa12) is smaller than the average amplitude (Aa22) so as to generate a fourth determination output. When the third determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft11<Ft21, Fa11<Fa21, A11<At21 and Aa11>Aa21 while the fourth determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft12<Ft22, Fa12>Fa22, At12>At22 and Aa12<Aa22, the flow proceeds to step 544. Otherwise, the flow goes to step 545.
In step 544, similar to step 344 of the first embodiment (
In this example, similar to the example of
In step 545, similar to step 343 of the first embodiment (
Therefore, Table 3 built in accordance with this example of
In step 541′, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft11) is greater than the average frequency (Ft2), whether the average frequency (Fa11) is greater than the average frequency (Fa21), whether the average amplitude (At11) is greater than the average amplitude (At21) and whether the average amplitude (Aa11) is smaller than the average amplitude (Aa21) so as to generate a first determination output. When the first determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft11>Ft21, Fa11>Fa21, At11>At21 and Aa11<Aa21, the flow proceeds to step 542′. Otherwise, the flow goes to step 543′.
In step 542′, similar to step 342′ of the first embodiment (
In step 543′, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft12) is smaller than the average frequency (Ft22), whether the average frequency (Fa12) is greater than the average frequency (Fa22), whether the average amplitude (At12) is smaller than the average amplitude (At22) and whether the average amplitude (Aa12) is greater than the average amplitude (Aa22) so as to generate a second determination output. When the second determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft12<Ft22, Fa12>Fa22, At12<At22 and Aa12>Aa22, the flow goes back to step 542′. Otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 544′.
In step 544′, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft11) is smaller than the average frequency (Ft21), whether the average frequency (Fa11) is smaller than the average frequency (Fa21), whether the average amplitude (At11) is smaller than the average amplitude (At21) and whether the average amplitude (Aa11) is greater than the average amplitude (Aa21) so as to generate a third determination output. When the third determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft11<Ft21, Fa11<Fa21, At11<At21 and Aa11>Aa21, the flow proceeds to step 545′. Otherwise, the flow goes to step 546′.
In step 545′, similar to step 345′ of the first embodiment (
In step 546′, the processing unit 12 determines whether the average frequency (Ft12) is smaller than the average frequency (Ft22) whether the average frequency (Fa12) is greater than the average frequency (Fa22), whether the average amplitude (At12) is greater than the average amplitude (At22) and whether the average amplitude (Aa12) is smaller than the average amplitude (Aa22) so as to generate a fourth determination output. When the fourth determination output generated by the processing unit 12 indicates that Ft12<Ft22, Fa12>Fa22, At12>At22 and Aa12<Aa22, the flow goes back to step 545′. Otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 547′.
In this example, similar to the example shown in
In step 547′, similar to step 347′ of the first embodiment (
Therefore, Table 4 built in accordance with this example of
It is noted that partially combining the first and second embodiments may result in the third embodiment of a method of estimating Internet activity dependence of a human subject 100 according to the disclosure.
The following describes the process of the third embodiment implemented by the system of
For example, firstly, steps 20, 21 and 22 of the first embodiment (
Thus, the processing unit 12 generates an estimation result associated with the Internet activity dependence of the human subject 100 based on the predetermined criterion associated with the emotional stimulation material including the positive emotional content, the predetermined criterion associated with the emotional stimulation material including the negative emotional content, on the thoracic respiratory signals (St1, St2, St2′), and on the abdominal respiratory signals (Sa1, Sa2, Sa2′).
In this embodiment, similar to steps 31, 32 and 33 of the first embodiment (
Therefore, Table 5, which is generated based on Tables 1 and 3, can serve as an exemplary lookup table that is adopted by the processing unit 12 to estimate the Internet activity dependence of the human subject 100 in the third embodiment.
In addition, Table 6, which is generated based on Tables 2 and 4, can serve as another exemplary lookup table that is adopted by the processing unit 12 to estimate the Internet activity dependence of the human subject 100 in the third embodiment.
In Tables 5 and 6, each of the first and second estimation outputs generated by the processing unit 12 can serve as the estimation result. When other comparison results associated with the first and second data are not listed in Table 5 or Table 6, similar to steps 345 and 347′ of the first embodiment (
In this embodiment, steps 21 and 22 of the first embodiment (
In view of the above, the processing unit 12 can easily generate the estimation result associated with the Internet activity dependence of the human subject 100 based on the predetermined criterion associated with one emotional stimulation material including positive or negative emotional content or the predetermined criterion associated with each of two emotional stimulation materials respectively including positive and negative contents, and on the corresponding respiratory signal (St1, St2, St2′, Sa1, Sa2, Sa2′) sensed from the subject human 100 during the predetermined first and second time periods without filling out the time-consuming questionnaires as required in the prior art. Therefore, a current estimation result of the subject human 100 can be obtained using the method of the disclosure in a relatively short amount of time, for example, several minutes, and may be used as reference information by a doctor to diagnose whether the human subject 100 is addictive to the Internet.
While the disclosure has been described in connection with what are considered the exemplary embodiments, it is understood that this disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent arrangements.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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104118495 | Jun 2015 | TW | national |