Patent Application
20220035319
The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to industrial safety systems, and, for example, to propagation of safety signals in a single-wire safety system.
The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects described herein. This summary is not an extensive overview nor is intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the various aspects described herein. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
In one or more embodiments, an industrial safety device is provided, comprising an input terminal; an output terminal; an electronic switch that electrically connects the input terminal to the output terminal while in a closed state and electrically disconnects the input terminal from the output terminal while in an open state; and a microcontroller, operatively coupled to a memory, that executes executable components stored on the memory, the executable components comprising: a safe state detection component configured to determine a state of a safety function of the industrial safety device; a pulse detection component configured to determine whether a modulated pulse pattern of a safety signal received on the input terminal corresponds to a defined pulse pattern; and a switch control component configured to, in response to a determination that the modulated pulse pattern corresponds to the defined pulse pattern and that the safety function of the industrial safety device is valid, instruct the electronic switch to remain in the closed state, and in response to a determination that the safety signal having the modulated pulse pattern is not received at the input terminal or that the safety function of the industrial safety device is not valid, instruct the electronic switch to transition to the open state.
Also, one or more embodiments provide a method for operating an industrial safety device of a single-wire safety circuit, comprising determining, by a microcontroller of an industrial safety device, whether the industrial safety device detects a safe status; comparing, by the microcontroller, a pulse pattern carried by a safety signal received on an input terminal of the industrial safety device with a defined pulse pattern; in response to determining that the pulse pattern matches the defined pulse pattern based on the comparing and that the industrial safety device detects the safe status, closing, by the microcontroller, an electronic switch that electrically connects the input terminal to an output terminal of the industrial safety device; and in response to determining that the pulse pattern does not match the defined pulse pattern based on the comparing or that the industrial device does not detect the safe status, opening, by the microcontroller, the electronic switch.
Also, according to one or more embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided having stored thereon instructions that, in response to execution, cause an industrial safety device comprising an input terminal, an output terminal, an electronic switch that connects the input terminal to the output terminal, and a processor connected in parallel with the electronic switch to perform operations, the operations comprising confirming that a safety signal received on the input terminal of the industrial safety device carries a pulse pattern corresponding to a defined pulse pattern; in response to the confirming and a determination that a safety function of the industrial safety device is valid, maintaining the electronic switch in a closed position that permits the safety signal to pass from the input terminal to the output terminal; and in response in response to determining that the safety signal does not carry the pulse pattern corresponding to the defined pulse pattern or that the safety function of the industrial safety device is not valid, instructing the electronic switch to switch to an open position that electrically disconnects the input terminal from the output terminal.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative of various ways which can be practiced, all of which are intended to be covered herein. Other advantages and novel features may become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
The subject disclosure is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding thereof. It may be evident, however, that the subject disclosure can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate a description thereof.
As used in this application, the terms “component,” “system,” “platform,” “layer,” “controller,” “terminal,” “station,” “node,” “interface” are intended to refer to a computer-related entity or an entity related to, or that is part of, an operational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, wherein such entities can be either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, a hard disk drive, multiple storage drives (of optical or magnetic storage medium) including affixed (e.g., screwed or bolted) or removable affixed solid-state storage drives; an object; an executable; a thread of execution; a computer-executable program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution, and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. Also, components as described herein can execute from various computer readable storage media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry which is operated by a software or a firmware application executed by a processor, wherein the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components can include a processor therein to execute software or firmware that provides at least in part the functionality of the electronic components. As further yet another example, interface(s) can include input/output (L/O) components as well as associated processor, application, or Application Programming Interface (API) components. While the foregoing examples are directed to aspects of a component, the exemplified aspects or features also apply to a system, platform, interface, layer, controller, terminal, and the like.
As used herein, the terms “to infer” and “inference” refer generally to the process of reasoning about or inferring states of the system, environment, and/or user from a set of observations as captured via events and/or data. Inference can be employed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states, for example. The inference can be probabilistic—that is, the computation of a probability distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inference results in the construction of new events or actions from a set of observed events and/or stored event data, whether or not the events are correlated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and data come from one or several event and data sources.
In addition, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from the context, the phrase “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, the phrase “X employs A or B” is satisfied by any of the following instances: X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to a singular form.
Furthermore, the term “set” as employed herein excludes the empty set; e.g., the set with no elements therein. Thus, a “set” in the subject disclosure includes one or more elements or entities. As an illustration, a set of controllers includes one or more controllers; a set of data resources includes one or more data resources; etc. Likewise, the term “group” as utilized herein refers to a collection of one or more entities; e.g., a group of nodes refers to one or more nodes.
Various aspects or features will be presented in terms of systems that may include a number of devices, components, modules, and the like. It is to be understood and appreciated that the various systems may include additional devices, components, modules, etc. and/or may not include all of the devices, components, modules etc. discussed in connection with the figures. A combination of these approaches also can be used.
Modern industrial automation systems often include a number of hazardous machine access points that, if breached during operation, may cause injury to an operator. These access points can expose the operator to risks associated with dangerous machine components, including but not limited to crushing by moving parts, electrocution through contact with exposed high-voltage lines or components, chemical burn, laceration or dismemberment by a moving blade, radiation exposure, or other such hazards
To mitigate the risks associated with these access points, plant engineers typically implement safety systems designed to protect operators who interact with the access points. These safety systems may include a safety relay or safety controller that monitors the states of various safety input devices, and disconnects power to hazardous machine components if any of the safety input devices indicate a potentially unsafe condition. An example safety input device may comprise a proximity switch installed on a safety gate that provides access to a hazardous machine. The proximity switch output may be provided as an input to the safety relay, which operates a contactor through which power is provided to the machine. When the proximity switch indicates that the safety gate is open, the safety relay opens the contactor to isolate power from the machine. In another example, an access point that allows an operator to load a part into a stamping press area may be protected by a light curtain that detects when a physical body (e.g., an operator's arm) has reached through the access point. As with the example proximity switch described above, the light curtain's output can be tied to the safety relay as an input, such that the safety relay isolates power to the press while the light curtain is broken by the detected body. Other example safety input devices that can be monitored by a safety relay can include, but are not limited to, emergency stop pushbuttons, industrial safety mats that detect human presence at a particular area based on weight detection, emergency pull-cord devices, photoelectric or laser-based sensors, or other such safety detection devices.
The functional safety solutions implemented for a hazardous access point must be compliant with current industry-specific functional safety standards, such as those defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Such standards may define formal methodologies for determining a risk level associated with a machine, and provide statutory guidelines for designing safety systems to mitigate the risk. These safety standards dictate safety system types and configurations that must be implemented to counter a particular type of hazard.
To ensure highly reliable safety response even in the event of a failure of one or more safety input devices, safety systems are often designed with dual redundant channels for conveying a safety signal.
Safety relay 104 includes at least one resettable contact 114 that controls the connection of machine power 108 to at least one machine, motor, or industrial device. Safety relay 104 will only allow the contact 114 to be reset if both 24 VDC signals are detected, indicating that all safety devices 102 have validated their safety functions. If any of the safety devices 102 switch to an unsafe state (e.g., a light curtain is broken, an emergency stop button is pressed, a safety door is opened, etc.), thereby invalidating their safety functions, the circuit to the safety relay 104 is broken and the safety relay 104 isolates power from the machine, placing the industrial system in a safe state by preventing hazardous motion.
The use of two separate paths through the safety devices improves safety reliability by ensuring that the safety relay 104 disconnects machine power when a safety device switches to an unsafe state even in the event that one of the safety device's internal contacts has failed. That is, even if one of the two contacts within a safety device has fused closed, the second contact will still open in response to detection of the unsafe state, ensuring that the safety relay 104 will see the loss of the 24 VDC signal and disconnect power from the machine. While providing an enhanced degree of safety reliability, implementation of dual redundant signal paths consumes additional terminal space and doubles the wiring requirement relative to a single-wire solution. Moreover, the presence of two separate channels introduces the possibility of cross faults between the two lines, which can prevent the safety relay from detecting an open in the safety circuit.
Also, some industrial environments include multiple production cells or zones that are each protected by their own separate safety circuits. In some such environments, the operational activities in one zone may be dependent on the activity in one or more other zones. As such, it may be necessary in some scenarios for an emergency stop condition originating in one zone to deenergize not only the hazardous machines in the originating zone but also the machines in one or more other zones.
To address these and other issues, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a single-wire safety system architecture that provides reliable safety device monitoring without the need for dual redundant signal channels, and which also supports sharing of global emergency stop signals between otherwise independently operating safety systems.
In some embodiments, to ensure a high degree of safety reliability without the use of dual redundant signal channels, each safety device 204 on the circuit is configured to perform a two-channel evaluation of the pulse signal. Moreover, the safety master device 2041, which generates the pulse train signal 206, can be configured to monitor two-channel feedback of the output signal, such that short-circuiting of the signal to 24 VDC, 0 VDC, or to other clocked signals can be detected.
The architecture implements a bi-directional communication protocol on the single-wire safety channel, allowing the devices in the chain to share information—including but not limited to status data, address information, presence indications, etc.—via the same channel over which the pulsed signal is sent. The single-wire protocol allows the safety devices 204 and comms master device 208 to exchange request and response messages 210 over the channel, while coordinating sending and receiving of these messages with transmission of the pulse train signal 206.
As will be described in more detail herein, safety devices 204 can be configured to initiate either a local emergency stop (e-stop) or a global e-stop. A local e-stop will cause only the comms master device 208 on the same safety circuit as the safety device 204 to disconnect power from the local machines being monitored by the safety circuit. A global e-stop causes the comms master device 208 to broadcast a global e-stop message to one or more other comms master devices 208 of other safety circuits, causing those comms master devices 208 to disconnect power from their local hazardous machines. In an example architecture, multiple comms masters 208 can be networked together to allow sharing of global e-stop messages.
Also, some embodiments of safety devices 204 can implement a method of fast switching that provides for a fast response and allows all connected safety devices 204 to respond to an emergency stop with approximately equal response times.
Comms master device 402 can include a pulse verification component 404, a relay control component 406, a device diagnostic component 408, a single-wire communication component 410, a message processing component 412, a networking component 414, a global e-stop component 416, one or more processors 420, and memory 422. In various embodiments, one or more of the pulse verification component 404, relay control component 406, device diagnostic component 408, single-wire communication component 410, message processing component 412, networking component 414, global e-stop component 416, the one or more processors 420, and memory 422 can be electrically and/or communicatively coupled to one another to perform one or more of the functions of the comms master device 208. In some embodiments, components 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, and 416 can comprise software instructions stored on memory 422 and executed by processor(s) 420. Comms master device 208 may also interact with other hardware and/or software components not depicted in
Pulse verification component 404 can be configured to receive a pulse signal via a single-wire safety input terminal and identify a defined pulse pattern conveyed on the signal (e.g., the example pulse pattern illustrated in
Device diagnostic component 408 can be configured to exchange message signals with the safety devices 204 in connection with collecting fault or status information from the devices 204. Single-wire communication component 410 can be configured to coordinate bi-directional data traffic on the signal-wire channel. Message processing component 412 can be configured to process input messages received on the single-wire safety input terminal and to send output messages on the single-wire safety input terminal for transmission on the single-wire safety channel. Messages sent and received via the single-wire safety input terminal can include, but are not limited to, enumeration messages, device information request and response messages, messages indicating that the comms master device is active, and other such messages.
Networking component 414 can be configured to communicatively connect the comms master device 208 to a network and exchange data with other comms master devices 208 over the network. Global e-stop component 416 can be configured to issue a global e-stop instruction to one or more other comms master devices 208 over the network connection facilitated by the networking component 414.
The one or more processors 420 can perform one or more of the functions described herein with reference to the systems and/or methods disclosed. Memory 422 can be a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions and/or information for performing the functions described herein with reference to the systems and/or methods disclosed.
SWS+ safety device 204 can include a safety master mode component 504, a pulse generating component 506, a device addressing component 508, a safe state detection component 510, a pulse detection component 512, a safety signal relaying component 514, a status word control component 516, a single-wire communication component 518, a message processing component 520, one or more processors 522, and memory 524. In various embodiments, one or more of the safety master mode component 504, pulse generating component 506, device addressing component 508, safe state detection component 510, pulse detection component 512, safety signal relaying component 514, status word control component 516, single-wire communication component 518, message processing component 520, the one or more processors 522, and memory 524 can be electrically and/or communicatively coupled to one another to perform one or more of the functions of the SWS+ safety device 204. In some embodiments, components 504, 506, 508, 510, 512, 514, 516, 518, and 520 can comprise software instructions stored on memory 524 and executed by processor(s) 522. SWS+ safety device 204 may also interact with other hardware and/or software components not depicted in
Safety master mode component 504 can be configured to control whether the safety device 204 operates as a safety master device within a single-wire safety system. If the safety device 204 operates in safety master mode, the device 204 will generate the pulsed safety signal to be placed on the single-wire communication channel. Alternatively, if the safety device 204 does not operate in safety master mode, the device 204 will receive the pulsed safety signal from an upstream safety device via the single-wire communication channel and, if the safety device 204 is not in an unsafe state, relay the pulse signal to the next downstream device on the safety circuit. In one or more embodiments, the safety master mode component 504 can switch the safety device 204 to safety master mode in response to detecting the presence of a terminator on the device's single-wire safety channel input terminal.
The pulse generating component 506 can be configured to generate the pulse pattern (e.g., pulse signal 302 of
Pulse detection component 512 can be configured to identify presence of the defined pulse pattern on the device's single-wire safety channel input terminal. The safety signal relaying component 514 can be configured to relay the pulsed safety signal from the single-wire safety channel input terminal to a single-wire communication output terminal for transmission to the next downstream device if certain defined conditions are satisfied. The defined conditions can include at least detection of a valid pulse pattern on the safety signal received at the safety input terminal (as determined by the pulse detection component 512), and verification that the safety device 204 is not in its unsafe state (as determined by the safe state detection component 510).
Status word control component 516 can be configured to set status bits and words based on detected statuses of the safety device 204, and to send the status bits and words to other devices on the safety circuit via the single-wire communication channel. Single-wire communication component 518 can be configured to coordinate bi-directional communication on the single-wire communication channel. Message processing component 520 can be configured to process input messages received on either the single-wire safety channel input terminal or the single-wire safety channel output terminal, and to send output messages on either the input or output terminal. Input messages received on the input or output terminal via the single-wire channel can include, but are not limited to, requests to provide device information, requests for the safety device's signature, enumeration messages, or other such input messages. Output messages can include, but are not limited to, response messages including the safety device's signature or device information, enumeration messages, device presence messages, relayed requests for another device's information, or other such messages.
The one or more processors 522 can perform one or more of the functions described herein with reference to the systems and/or methods disclosed. Memory 524 can be a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions and/or information for performing the functions described herein with reference to the systems and/or methods disclosed.
Comms master device 208 includes terminals for 0V and 24 VDC power, an SWS+ INPUT terminal for receiving the pulse signal on line 610, and an SWS+ OUTPUT terminal 618 for sending the pulse signal to another device (e.g., an expansion relay module or other device). Since the comms master device 208 is typically a safety relay configured to comply with the single-wire communication protocol described herein, the comms master device 208 also includes one or more safety contactors 606 for controlling application of machine power to one or more industrial machines or devices.
In some embodiments, comms master device 208 may also include a SUPPLEMENTAL OUTPUT terminal for sending supplemental messages to safety devices 204 on the safety circuit via a dedicated line 608 that is separate from the SWS channel. These messages can be received via SUPPLEMENTAL INPUT terminal on safety device 204. For example, comms master device 208 may use the SUPPLEMENTAL OUTPUT terminal to send lock commands to safety devices that have integrated mechanical locks; e.g., remotely actuated door locks that include proximity switches to determine when the door is in the closed position. In such scenarios, the comms master device 208 can be programmed to actuate the locks in response to defined conditions to prevent the doors from being opened during dangerous operations. In another example, the comms master device 208 may be configured to output a signal on the SUPPLEMENTAL OUTPUT terminal that, when received by the safety devices 204, forces the safety devices 204 to switch from operational mode to the unsafe state (configuration or diagnostic mode).
The comms master device 208 receives the pulsed safety signal via the SWS+ INPUT terminal and splits the received signal between a power storage capacitor CS (e.g., an electrolyte capacitor) and two microcontrollers μC1 and μC2. A DC/DC converter 808 connected to the storage capacitor CS generates a supply power having a supply voltage of 5V from the input 24V pulse train signal. The 0V terminal receives the 0V ground potential. While all safety input devices on the safety circuit are in their respective safe states, comms master device 208 is provided with the supply voltage via the diode D1, the storing capacitor CS and the DC/DC converter 808, representing the necessary operating voltage. When powered by the output of the DC/DC converter 808, the microcontrollers μC1 and μC2 are activated. If these microprocessors now additionally detect a valid pulse code at their I/O terminals, the driver units 804a and 804b are controlled to trigger the relay pairs 806a and 806b for providing a switched-on status of the safety relay outputs. Consequently, SWS+ INPUT must receive a voltage different from 0V, which additionally must have a valid pulse pattern in order to cause the comms master 402 to output a valid output signal.
With this safety device topology, it is possible to fulfill the requirements of category 4 of the safety standards using only a single-channel connection. The high safety category is achieved due to the predetermined pulse pattern conveyed on the signal and the two-channel evaluation of this signal using both microprocessors. Furthermore, by feeding back the output signals of the driver units 804a and 804b to both microprocessors in a parallel way, a plausibility check can be performed to ensure fault-free operation of the microprocessors.
When any of the safety devices 204 on the safety circuit transition to the unsafe state (e.g., a light curtain is broken, an emergency stop pushbutton is pressed, etc.), the pulse signal is no longer received at the SWS+ INPUT terminal of the comms master device 208, causing relay pairs 806a and 806b to open, thereby disconnecting power from the industrial devices fed by the safety relay outputs. Opening of the safety relay outputs is triggered when either of two criteria is met—when one or both of microcontrollers μC1 and μC2 do not detect a valid pulse pattern on their input terminals, or when the microcontrollers do not receive a supply voltage from DC/DC converter 808. Thus, a failure of one of the microcontrollers, one of the driver units 804a and 804b, or one of the relay pairs 806a and 806b does not prevent safe operation of the comms master device 208.
Once a single-wire safety circuit comprising a comms master device 208 and one or more safety devices 204 (including one safety device 204 serving as a safety master) has been established and configured, the safety circuit can enter run mode and commence normal safety operation.
During operation mode, during which all safety devices 204a-204e are in their respective operational states, pulsed safety signal 206 is relayed along the single-wire channel by the respective safety devices 204 and received at the SWS+ INPUT terminal of comms master device 208. Each safety device 204 that receives the pulsed safety signal 206 on its SWS+ INPUT terminal during safety mode verifies that the received pulse pattern matches a defined pulse pattern (e.g., pulse signal 302 or another defined pulse pattern). In this regard, each safety device 204 and comms master device 208 can store pulse pattern definition data that defines the expected pulse pattern. This pulse pattern definition data can be referenced by each device and compared with the pattern interpreted as being present in the signal 206. In accordance with the enable block illustrated in
Comms master device 208 detects and verifies that the pulse pattern received on the safety signal 206 matches the defined pulse pattern (e.g., pulse signal 302 or another defined pulse pattern). As long as the defined pulse pattern is recognized on its SWS+ INPUT terminal, comms master device 208 allows its safety contactors 606 to switch to the closed state, providing power to the industrial machines and/or devices connected to its safety relay outputs (Operational mode).
Upon detecting loss of the safety signal, comms master device 208 initiates diagnostic mode and begins collecting information from the safety devices 204. The comms master device 208 can retrieve data by addressing specific safety devices 204 starting with device [01] or can send a broadcast address of [FF] to retrieve data from all safety devices 204 on the circuit 902. The following will describe addressing of specific devices 204. As shown in
The diagnostic status data sent by the safety device 204e can comprise any suitable diagnostic information available on the safety device 204e, including at least the value of the safety device's LastDev flag. For example, the diagnostic data may comprise a pre-formatted status word divided into pre-defined status bits and registers, where the values of the bits and registers are set by status word control component 516. Since safety device 204e is still in its safe state, its LastDev flag has not been set. Accordingly, the DIAG response message from safety device 204e reports a value of LastDev=FALSE. The DIAG response message can also include other status and fault information for the safety device in addition to the LastDev flag. This can include both error codes that are common to all SWS safety devices 204 as well as device-specific status and fault information. Example device-specific status information that can be included in the DIAG response message can include, but is not limited to, door open and closed status (for door safety switches), beam on and off statuses and beam strength warnings (for light curtains), button on and off statuses (for emergency stop pushbuttons and pull-cords), or other such information.
Upon receiving this DIAG response message and determining that safety device 204e is not the last available device on the circuit (based on the value of the LastDev flag), comms master device 208 next sends a DIAG message to address [02] (corresponding to safety device 204d), as shown in
Once the last safety device 204 capable of receiving the safety signal from the safety master device 204a is found (that is, once the device whose LastDev flag is set to TRUE is identified), the comms master device 208 will then send the next DIAG message request. The comms master device 208 will only send DIAG messages to safety devices 204 up to the device 204 that is blocking the safety signal, mitigating unnecessary polling of active devices 204 between the safety master device 204a and the safety device 204d responsible for blocking the safety signal.
While the comms master device 208 places the monitored industrial system in the safe state due to safety device 204d being in its unsafe state, safety master device 204a continues to send the pulsed safety signal 206 along the single-wire channel. However, the safety signal 206 will only be relayed as far as the SWS+ INPUT terminal of safety device 204d. Upon returning to its operational state (when the safety door corresponding to safety device 204d has been closed), safety device 204d will detect the pulsed safety signal 206 on its SWS+ INPUT terminal and resume relaying the safety signal 206. If safety device 204e has not entered its unsafe state, it will relay the pulsed signal 206 to the comms master device 208. Subsequently, comms master device 208 detects the safety signal 206 on its SWS+ INPUT terminal and switches operational mode back to ON, allowing the safety contactors 606 to be closed and power to be provided on the safety relay outputs.
When the comms master device 208 switches from the operational state to the safe state (by opening its safety contactors 606) in response to safety device 204d switching to its unsafe state, comms master device 208 begins polling the safety devices 204 for diagnostic information either by sending a broadcast message or by asking each safety device 204 individually in a round robin manner for information as shown in
Upon determining that safety device 204c is the stopping point for the safety signal, comms master device 208 will continue to send DIAG requests to safety devices 204e, 204d, and 204c. If safety devices 204a or 204b enter the unsafe state, they too will begin to respond to the requests and the LastDev=TRUE indicator will move to the safety device 204 closest to the safety master device 204a with a door open.
When the safety door corresponding to safety device 204c is closed, as shown in
The foregoing examples describe a number of message types that can be exchanged between SWS safety devices 204 and comms master devices 208 via the single-wire safety channel. Some embodiments of the SWS devices 204 and 208 described herein may support additional types of messaging. For example, in one or more embodiments, the comms master device 208 may be configured to send remote restart commands to selected safety devices 204 via the single-wire channel. These remote restart commands may include the address of the safety device 204 to be restarted, such that when the targeted device 204 receives the command on its SWS+ OUTPUT terminal and verifies the matching address, the safety device 204 will initiate a restart sequence.
As described in the foregoing examples, the safety input device 204a designated as the safety master modulates the safety signal 206 according to a defined pulse pattern (e.g., the pulse pattern depicted in
Although the example single-wire safety circuits described above have assumed a comms master device 208 having a single SWS+ INPUT terminal for connection to a single safety channel, some embodiments of the comms master device 208 may support monitoring of two or more single-wire channels.
If the same pulse pattern is used for each of the pulsed safety signals 206a and 206b, there exists a possibility that an inadvertent short-circuit across the two SWS+ INPUT terminals of the comms master device 208 may prevent the comms master device 208 from transitioning to a safe state even if a safety device 204 on one of the two channels stops conveying the safety signal 206 on that channel, since the comms master device 208 will still recognize the pulse pattern received from the other channel on both of its shorted SWS+ INPUT terminals. Therefore, to ensure that a short-circuit across the two SWS+ INPUT terminals on the comms master device 208 does not prevent the comms master device 208 from reacting to an unsafe condition on one of the channels, the two safety masters 204aa and 204bb can be configured to generate respective two different pulse patterns that are uniquely identifiable by the comms master device 208.
To achieve this, a stage can be added to the startup mode sequence whereby the comms master device 208 instructs the safety devices 204 on each channel which predefined safety signal pattern is to be used by that channel. For example, each SWS+ safety device 204 may be preconfigured to recognize one of multiple pre-defined pulse patterns. During the safety system's startup sequence, the comms master device 208 can designate one of the pre-defined pulse patterns to each of the two channels, selecting different patterns for each channel. At a defined phase of the startup sequence, the comms master device 208 can send a configuration message that includes an identifier of the selected pattern to the safety devices 204 via the single-wire channel.
Upon receipt of this configuration message, each safety device 204 will self-configure to begin operating in accordance with the selected pulsed safety signal. For example, the respective safety masters 204aa and 204ba will use the specified pulse patterns for generation of the pulsed safety signals 206a and 206b. The other safety devices 204 on each channel—having also been provided with the identification of the pulse pattern designated to that channel by the comms master device 208—will only recognize the designated pulse pattern as the valid safety signal for that channel. The comms master device 208 will only assume that a given channel is in the safe state if the pulse pattern designated for that channel is recognized on the SWS+ INPUT terminal for that channel. In this way, a short-circuit across the two SWS+ INPUT terminals of the comms master device 208 will cause the comms master device 208 to see an incorrect pulse pattern on one of the SWS+ INPUT terminals, causing the comms master device 208 to switch to safety mode until the short-circuit is removed.
It is also recognized that short-circuits across the SWS+ INPUT and SWS+ OUTPUT terminals of a given safety device 204 can also cause safety issues, since this may cause a safety signal received at the SWS+ INPUT terminal to always be passed to the device's SWS+ OUTPUT terminal, even if the safety device 204 is not in a safe state. To mitigate this possibility, one or more embodiments of the SWS+ safety devices 204 can be configured to invert the pulsed safety signal 206 received on its SWS+ INPUT terminal prior to outputting the safety signal on its SWS+ OUTPUT terminal.
During operation, safety device 204b—which is adjacent to the safety master device 204a and configured to receive the non-inverted signal—receives pulsed safety signal 206a from safety master device 204a on its SWS+ INPUT terminal, and recognizes this non-inverted pattern as the valid safety signal. If safety device 204b is not currently in safe mode, the safety device 204b will invert this received pattern and send the inverted pattern as safety signal 206b on its SWS+ OUTPUT terminal. Safety device 204c—which is configured to recognize the inverted pattern as the valid safety signal—receives this inverted signal 206b and likewise inverts the pattern again prior to outputting the signal on its SWS+ OUTPUT terminal (yielding the original non-inverted signal). This procedure continues through all the safety devices 204 (assuming none are in safe mode) until the signal reaches the comms master's SWS+ INPUT terminal.
The version of the signal recognized by the comms master device 208 as the valid safety signal will depend on the number of safety devices 204 on the circuit 1202. For example, if the comms master device 208 identifies that there are an even number of safety devices 204 on the circuit, the comms master device 208 will configure itself during startup to recognize the inverted pattern as the valid signal, whereas if there is an odd number of safety devices 204 on the circuit 1202, the comms master device 208 will configure itself to recognize the non-inverted pattern as the valid signal.
In accordance with the general operation of the example SWS+ safety systems described above, the designated safety master device 204a generates a defined pulse pattern and outputs the pattern as a safety signal 206 on the single-wire channel. As long as all safety devices 204 on the channel are in their respective safe states (that is, there is no demand on the safety devices 204), the safety signal 206 is relayed by the safety devices 204 in turn until the signal 206 reaches a safety relay device acting as the comms master device 208 for the single-wire safety circuit. If any of the safety devices 204 detects an unsafe condition (e.g., a light broken light curtain, an emergency stop button pressed, a safety mat activated, an emergency pull cord pulled, etc.), that safety device 204 ceases relaying the safety signal 206, preventing the safety signal 206 from reaching the comms master device 208. When the comms master device 208 detects absence of the safety signal 206, the safety contactors 606 of the comms master device 208 are opened to remove power from the protected system, and the comms master device 208 begins sending requests for diagnostic information (DIAG messages) to each safety device 204 in turn via the single-wire channel. Each safety device 204 responds to its received request by sending the requested diagnostic information via the single-wire channel. This general operation is described above in connection with
In these foregoing examples, after the safety circuit has entered run mode, diagnostic information originating from the safety devices 204 is only sent to the comms master device 208 via the single-wire channel in response to a request from the comms master device 208 for such information, and only after the pulsed safety signal 206 has stopped transmitting on the single-wire channel. That is, in the embodiments described above, data originating from the safety devices 204 is only available to the comms master device 208 while the system is in the safe state, while the safety signal 206 is not being conveyed on the single-wire channel.
Some other embodiments of the SWS+ safety system can also be configured to allow safety devices 204 on the safety circuit to send data to the comms master device 208 via the single-wire channel while the safety system is in the normal operating state; that is, while the pulsed safety signal 206 is still being relayed to the comms master device 208. This allows the safety devices 204 to report prognostic data or other types of information to the comms master device 208 without waiting for the safety devices 204 to transition to their unsafe state. In such embodiments, data messages sent by a safety device 204 during normal operation of the safety circuit will typically not relate to the safe or unsafe state of the safety device 204, but rather to non-critical prognostic or warning information relating to the safety device 204 that may warrant attention by an operator or technician (e.g., high temperature warnings, warnings that the number of operating cycles for the safety device 204 is approaching the rated lifespan of the safety device, etc.) but are not indicative of an immediately unsafe condition.
As noted above, some embodiments of the SWS+ safety devices 204 and comms master device 208 can support broadcasting of a global emergency stop (e-stop) to other SWS+ safety circuits such that detection of an unsafe condition on a safety device 204 of a first safety circuit not only causes the comms master device 208 that monitors that safety circuit to transition to its safe state (that is, to open its safety contactors 606 and isolate power from its locally connected hazardous machines), but also causes a comms master device 208 of one or more other safety circuits to enter their safe states.
Additionally, each comms master device 208 includes a networking component 414 that allows the comms master devices 208a and 208b to be communicatively connected via a network 1302. Network 1302 may be, for example, and Ethernet network, an EthernetIP network, a common industrial protocol (CIP) network, or network compliant with another networking protocol. Although only two safety circuits 1304a and 1304b are depicted as being networked together in
In the scenario depicted in
According to one or more embodiments, a safety device 204 can be configured to initiate either a “local” e-stop that only applies to the local comms master device 208 that monitors the safety circuit 1304 on which the safety device 204 resides, or a “global” e-stop that is also broadcast to other comms master devices 208 on the network 1302, causing all comms master devices 208 on the network 1302 (or a selected subset of the comms master devices 208) to open their safety contactors 606 and disconnect power to their respective sets of hazardous equipment. In various embodiments, a safety device 204 can be set to issue either a local or a global e-stop using a hardware configuration switch on the safety device 204, or by configuring a configuration parameter (e.g., an “E-stop Type” parameter) stored on the safety device 204 using a software configuration tool that executes on a client device. Global e-stops may be beneficial in scenarios in which a first production area monitored by a first safety circuit 1304a is dependent on the activity of a second production area monitored by a second safety circuit 1304b, such that a potentially hazardous scenario in one production area necessitates placing both production areas in a safe state.
Setting a safety device 204 to act as a global e-stop device can cause a Global flag or parameter stored on the safety device 204 to be set to TRUE. For safety devices 204 that have been configured as local e-stop devices, the Global flag will be set to FALSE. By allowing safety devices 204 to be individually configured to serve as either a local e-stop device or a global e-stop device, a safety circuit 1304 can be designed to include safety devices 204 that are all configured as either global e-stops or local e-stops, or can be designed to include a set of safety devices 204 that includes both local and global e-stop devices depending on the requirements of the safety application. For example, a system designer may specify that a safety device 204aa that monitors the state of a safety pull cord need only cause power to be disconnected from the local automation system monitored by that safety device's safety circuit 1304a (i.e., a local e-stop function), while another safety device 204ac on the same safety circuit 1304a that monitors the state of an e-stop push button should cause power to be disconnected from both the locally monitored automation system and another automation system monitored by a second safety circuit 1304b.
As described in previous examples, upon switching to its unsafe state (e.g., due to the e-stop button being pressed), safety device 204ac stops relaying the pulsed safety signal 206 to the next downstream device (safety device 204ad) on the safety circuit 1304a, preventing the pulsed safety signal 206a from reaching the comms master device 208a. Upon detecting loss of the safety signal 206a, comms master device 208 opens its safety contactors 606 and isolates power from industrial machines and/or devices that are protected by the safety circuit 1304a (Safety Off state). In addition to blocking the safety signal, safety device 204ac also sets its LastDev flag indicating that it is the last device on the safety circuit 1304a capable of receiving the safety signal 206a from the safety master device 204aa.
Similar to previous examples, upon detecting loss of the safety signal 206a, comms master device 208a initiates diagnostic mode and begins collecting information from the safety devices 204 on circuit 1304a. As shown in
As described above in connection with the example depicted in
In the present example, the DIAG response messages generated by the safety devices 204 can also include an indication of whether the safety device 204 is configured to operate as a normal, local e-stop device (Global=FALSE) or as a global e-stop device (Global=TRUE). Accordingly, safety device 204ad includes the value of its Global flag (TRUE or FALSE) as part of its DIAG response message. However, since safety device 204ad is not currently in its unsafe state (since the safety function implemented by safety device 204ad is currently valid) and consequently is not reporting an e-stop condition, the comms master device 208a disregards the state of that safety device's Global flag. In some embodiments, comms master device 208a may disregard the value of a safety device's Global flag if that safety device's LastDev parameter is set to FALSE.
Upon receiving this DIAG response message from safety device 204ad and determining that safety device 204ad is not the last available device on the safety circuit 1304a (based on the value of the safety device's LastDev flag), comms master device 208a next sends a DIAG message to address [02]—corresponding to safety device 204ac—as shown in
Based on this information, comms master device 208a determines that safety device 204ac is in its unsafe state (that is, the safety function implemented by safety device 204ac has been invalidated by pressing the e-stop pushbutton), and can report this information to the user (e.g., via a display indication, by sending a notification to a mobile device of a specified user, etc.). In some embodiments, comms master device 208a can also retrieve information about the identified safety device 204ac from device identification information previously retrieved and registered by the comms master device 208a and provide this information to the user as well. For example, based on the registered device information, comms master device 208a knows that the safety device 204ac corresponding to address [02] is an e-stop pushbutton, and therefore the unsafe state corresponds to a detection that the e-stop pushbutton has been pressed. The comms master device 208a can therefore generate a notification that the unsafe state is due to the e-stop pushbutton corresponding to safety input device [02] being open.
As shown in
Upon receipt of the Global E-stop signal 1308 via the network 1302, comms master device 208b (and any other comms master device 208 on the network) will switch to its safe state by opening its safety contactors 606 even though that comms master device 208b is still receiving its corresponding safety signal 206b. Thus, detection of a global e-stop event on a first safety circuit 1304a causes all comms master devices 208 (e.g., comms master devices 208a and 208b) to transition to their safe states, disconnecting power to the hazardous equipment being protected by those comms master devices.
Although
The global e-stop component 416 of the comms master device 208 is responsive to Global E-stop instructions from other comms master devices 208 on the network 1302. For example, the global e-stop component 416 can monitor the network 1302 for receipt of a Global E-stop signal 1308, or can monitor the Global E-stop registers on the other comms master devices 208 over the network. In response to receiving a Global E-stop signal 1308 or detecting that a global e-stop register on another comms master device 208 has been updated to indicate a global e-stop condition, the global e-stop component 416 can instruct the relay control component 406 to place the safety contactors 606 of the comms master device 208 in their safe state (e.g., by opening the contactors 606).
Since safety devices 204 can be selectively pre-configured to act as either local or global e-stop devices, each safety circuit 1304 can be configured to support both local e-stop events that only cause its local comms master device 208 to switch to its safe state as well as global e-stop events that cause all comms master devices 208 on the network 1302 to switch to their respective safe states. The selection of local or global e-stop devices to be included on a given safety circuit 1304 can depend on the requirements of the particular safety application for which the safety circuit 1304 is designed.
In some embodiments, comms master device 208 can be configured to direct its Global E-stop signal 1308 to a selected subset of comms master devices 208 that are connected to the network 1302. For example, in an architecture in which multiple comms master devices 208 are networked together, each comms master device 208 may be assigned a unique network address. Accordingly, a comms master device 208 that supports issuance of a global e-stop can be configured to send its Global E-stop signal 1308 only to a specified subset of comms master device addresses, which can be preconfigured by the system designer. This functionality may be useful for architectures in which some monitored production areas are permitted to continue operating even in the event of a global e-stop.
After initiation of a global e-stop event, comms master device 208a can continue to monitor for presence of the pulsed safety signal 206a on its SWS+ INPUT terminal. When the safety function of the safety device 204ac has been re-validated (e.g., by pulling the e-stop pushbutton back to its original state), and if all other safety devices 204 on the safety circuit are in their safe states (safety functions are validated), the safety signal 206a will be permitted to transmit back to the comms master device 208. In response to detecting the safety signal 206a on its SWS+ INPUT terminal, the comms master device 208a will communicate to the other comms master devices on the network 1302 that the global e-stop condition is no longer in effect. In various embodiments, the comms master device 208a can convey that the global e-stop is no longer in effect by ceasing to transmit the Global E-stop signal 1308, or by setting the value of its Global E-stop register to FALSE. In response to detecting that the global e-stop condition is no longer in effect, the other comms master devices on the network 1302 (e.g., comms master device 208b) can reset their safety contactors 606 and thereby reconnect power to their associated industrial assets.
The methodology then proceeds to the second part 1400B illustrated in
The LastDev indication indicates that the safety device corresponding to address X is the last device on the single-wire safety circuit capable of receiving the safety signal. If it is determined that the LastDev indication is FALSE (NO at step 1416), the methodology proceeds to step 1818, where X is incremented by one, and another diagnostic message directed to the next address is output at step 1412. Alternatively, if it is determined that LastDev=TRUE (YES at step 1416), indicating that safety device X is in its unsafe state (e.g., light curtain broken, emergency stop pushbutton engaged, object detected by laser scanner, etc.), the methodology proceeds to step 1420, where a determination is made as to whether a Global E-stop indication contained in the response message is set to TRUE. The Global E-stop indication informs the safety relay that safety device X has been configured as a global e-stop device rather than a local e-stop device. If the Global E-stop indication is determined to be set to TRUE (YES at step 1420), the methodology proceeds to step 1422, where the safety relay communicates a global e-stop condition to the other safety relays that are networked to the safety relay. The safety relay can communicate this global e-stop condition by setting a local Global E-stop variable that is monitored by all other safety relays on the network, or by broadcasting a Global E-stop signal to the other safety relays via the network. This global e-stop indication instructs the other safety relay devices on the network to open their safety contactors to thereby disconnect power to their associated industrial equipment. The methodology then returns to step 1402 of the first part 1400A, illustrated in
Each safety device 204 of a single-wire safety channel can be viewed as a switching device that, upon receipt of a pulsed safety signal 206 on its SWS+ INPUT terminal, either selectively outputs the signal 206 via its SWS+ OUTPUT terminal, or prevents the signal 206 from being passed to the SWS+ OUTPUT terminal. Accordingly, each safety device 204 comprises internal hardware and/or software components—e.g., one or more of the components illustrated in
In the configuration depicted in
When a valid safety signal 206 is received from the safety master device 204a at the next safety device 204b in the circuit 1602, the microcontroller 1502 of safety device 204b outputs a duplicate of the safety signal 206 on its OUTPUT terminal after a processing delay of X ms. This delay is due to the time required for the device's microcontroller 1502 to detect the safety signal 206, verify its validity, and output its own valid safety signal 206 only after the pulse pattern on the signal 206 has been validated. A similar delay is experienced at each subsequent safety device in the circuit 1602. Consequently, the total cumulative delay between generation of the original safety signal 206 by the safety master device 204a and receipt of a corresponding valid signal 206 at the comms master device 208 increases as a function of the number of safety devices 204 between the safety master device 204a and the comms master device 208 (at least 4X ms in the illustrated example).
A similar cumulative delay is experienced when the safety signal 206 is broken due to one of the safety devices 204 switching to its unsafe state (e.g., as a result of a light curtain being broken, an emergency stop button being pressed, a safety door being opened, etc.). For example, if safety device 204b switches to its unsafe state (e.g., as a result of a light curtain being broken, an emergency stop button being pressed, a safety door being opened, etc.), thereby invalidating its safety function, there may be a delay as the device's microcontroller 1502 detects and recognizes the loss of the safety signal 206 at the INPUT terminal before ceasing generation of the duplicate output signal at its OUTPUT terminal. At the next safety device 204c in the circuit, further delay is experienced as that device's microcontroller 1502 detects loss of the signal 206 and ceases output of its safety signal via its OUTPUT terminal. Consequently, there may be a cumulative delay between detection of a safety event (e.g., breaking of a light curtain) by one of the safety devices 204 and detection of the resulting loss of the safety signal 206 at the comms master device 208, this total delay being a function of the number of intermediate safety devices 204 between the comms master device 208 and the safety device 204 that detects the safety event.
To address this issue, one or more embodiments of the single-wire safety devices 204 can be configured to implement a fast switching method that significantly reduces or eliminates signal propagation delays across the safety circuit 1602 due to signal processing times.
To analyze the safety signal 206 for presence of the valid pulse pattern, a microcontroller 1710 reads and monitors the signal line between the INPUT and OUTPUT terminals. Like microcontroller 1502, microcontroller 1710 may include one or more of the components 504-520 illustrated in
The microcontroller 1710 analyzes the sampled signal received at the SWS+ INPUT terminal to determine whether the signal carries the expected pulse pattern. During normal operation, the microcontroller 1710 maintains the switch 1702 in the closed position if the sampled signal is determined to carry the valid pulse pattern. In response to determining that the sampled signal does not contain the expected pulse pattern, the switch control component 1712 of the microcontroller 1710 causes the electronic switch 1702 to open, as illustrated in
In addition to controlling the electronic switch 1702 based on presence of the expected pulsed safety signal 206 on the INPUT terminal and the state of the safety device's safety function, some embodiments of safety device 204 can be configured to also control the state of the electronic switch 1702 based on a supplemental input signal received via the device's SUPPLEMENTAL INPUT terminal. For example, as illustrated in
The embodiments depicted in
In some embodiments, in order to receive and process messages received at the OUTPUT terminal from downstream devices via line 610, regardless of the state of switch 1702, an output-side tap line 1706 can connect an I/O point of microcontroller 1710 with the OUTPUT terminal node, allowing microcontroller 1710 to read and process diagnostic or configuration messages received via line 610, and to send messages (e.g., diagnostic response messages) to downstream devices via line 610. By this configuration, microcontroller 1710 is connected in parallel with the switch 1702 between the INPUT and OUTPUT terminals.
In scenarios in which a message is received at the INPUT or OUTPUT terminal and is directed to another device on the safety circuit, this configuration allows such messages to be relayed through the device regardless of whether the switch 1702 is in the open or closed position. For example, while the switch 1702 is open (e.g., due to the device 204 being in its unsafe state, or due to loss of the safety signal 206 at the INPUT terminal), the microcontroller 1710 can still relay diagnostic messages received at the OUTPUT terminal and directed to upstream devices (e.g., by receiving the message via output-side tap line 1706, recognizing that the target address included in the message does not match that of the safety device 204 itself, and passing the message to line 616 via the input-side tap line 1704 and the INPUT terminal. Likewise, messages from upstream safety devices 204 received at the INPUT terminal that are directed to the comms master device 208 can be read by the microcontroller 1710 via input-side tap line 1704, and microcontroller 1710 can relay this message to the OUTPUT terminal via output-side tap line 1706 upon determining that the message is intended for the comms master device 208.
In another scenario, if switch 1702 is in the closed position while messages are received via the INPUT or OUTPUT terminals, the incoming messages are instantaneously propagated through the device 204 with negligible delay due to the direct electrical connection between the INPUT and OUTPUT terminals. Microcontroller 1710 can read these messages via tap lines 1704 or 1706 to determine whether the message is directed to its corresponding safety device 204 and, if so, perform appropriate processing on the message and place a corresponding response message on the single-wire line. If the incoming message is intended for another device on the safety circuit, the microcontroller 1710 takes no action and the message is not delayed in transit to its intended target device.
At 2004, a determination is made as to whether the safety device is in its safe state (e.g., light curtain unbroken, emergency stop pushbutton unengaged, etc.). If the safety device is in its safe state (YES at step 2004), the methodology proceeds to step 2006, where a determination is made as to whether a signal is detected at the node being monitored at step 2002. If a signal is detected (YES at step 2006), the methodology proceeds to step 2008, where a determination is made as to whether the signal carries a defined pulse pattern indicative of a valid safety signal. If the defined pulse pattern is detected (YES at step 2008), the methodology returns to step 2002, and monitoring of the node continues.
If the device switches to its unsafe state (e.g., light curtain broken, emergency stop button pressed, etc.) (NO at step 2004), or if no signal is detected at the INPUT terminal (NO at step 2006), or if the detected signal does not carry the defined pulse pattern (NO at step 2008), the methodology proceeds to step 2010, where the microcontroller instructs the electronic switch to open, causing electrical continuity between the INPUT terminal and the OUTPUT terminal to break, thereby preventing signals received at the INPUT terminal from passing to the OUTPUT terminal. When the safety device is operating as part of a single-wire safety circuit as described in previous examples, this prevents any signals received at the INPUT terminal from propagating to the comms master device of the safety circuit, and the loss of this signal causes the comms master device to disconnect power from an automation system being monitored by the safety circuit, or to otherwise places the automation system in the safe state.
Embodiments, systems, and components described herein, as well as industrial control systems and industrial automation environments in which various aspects set forth in the subject specification can be carried out, can include computer or network components such as servers, clients, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), automation controllers, communications modules, mobile computers, wireless components, control components and so forth which are capable of interacting across a network. Computers and servers include one or more processors-electronic integrated circuits that perform logic operations employing electric signals-configured to execute instructions stored in media such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), a hard drives, as well as removable memory devices, which can include memory sticks, memory cards, flash drives, external hard drives, and so on.
Similarly, the term PLC or automation controller as used herein can include functionality that can be shared across multiple components, systems, and/or networks. As an example, one or more PLCs or automation controllers can communicate and cooperate with various network devices across the network. This can include substantially any type of control, communications module, computer, Input/Output (I/O) device, sensor, actuator, and human machine interface (HMI) that communicate via the network, which includes control, automation, and/or public networks. The PLC or automation controller can also communicate to and control various other devices such as standard or safety-rated I/O modules including analog, digital, programmed/intelligent I/O modules, other programmable controllers, communications modules, sensors, actuators, output devices, and the like.
The network can include public networks such as the internet, intranets, and automation networks such as control and information protocol (CIP) networks including DeviceNet, ControlNet, and Ethernet/IP. Other networks include Ethernet, DH/DH+, Remote I/O, Fieldbus, Modbus, Profibus, CAN, wireless networks, serial protocols, and so forth. In addition, the network devices can include various possibilities (hardware and/or software components). These include components such as switches with virtual local area network (VLAN) capability, LANs, WANs, proxies, gateways, routers, firewalls, virtual private network (VPN) devices, servers, clients, computers, configuration tools, monitoring tools, and/or other devices.
In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter,
Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, distributed computing systems, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.
The illustrated embodiments herein can be also practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which can include computer-readable storage media, machine-readable storage media, and/or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows. Computer-readable storage media or machine-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media or machine-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable or machine-readable instructions, program modules, structured data or unstructured data.
Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, solid state drives or other solid state storage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se.
Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium.
Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.
With reference again to
The system bus 2108 can be any of several types of bus structure that can further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. The system memory 2106 includes ROM 2110 and RAM 2112. A basic input/output system (BIOS) can be stored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 2102, such as during startup. The RAM 2112 can also include a high-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data.
The computer 2102 further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 2114 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), one or more external storage devices 2116 (e.g., a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 2116, a memory stick or flash drive reader, a memory card reader, etc.) and an optical disk drive 2120 (e.g., which can read or write from a CD-ROM disc, a DVD, a BD, etc.). While the internal HDD 2114 is illustrated as located within the computer 2102, the internal HDD 2114 can also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown). Additionally, while not shown in environment 2100, a solid state drive (SSD) could be used in addition to, or in place of, an HDD 2114. The HDD 2114, external storage device(s) 2116 and optical disk drive 2120 can be connected to the system bus 2108 by an HDD interface 2124, an external storage interface 2126 and an optical drive interface 2128, respectively. The interface 2124 for external drive implementations can include at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are within contemplation of the embodiments described herein.
The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For the computer 2102, the drives and storage media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refers to respective types of storage devices, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of storage media which are readable by a computer, whether presently existing or developed in the future, could also be used in the example operating environment, and further, that any such storage media can contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods described herein.
A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 2112, including an operating system 2130, one or more application programs 2132, other program modules 2134 and program data 2136. All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also be cached in the RAM 2112. The systems and methods described herein can be implemented utilizing various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
Computer 2102 can optionally comprise emulation technologies. For example, a hypervisor (not shown) or other intermediary can emulate a hardware environment for operating system 2130, and the emulated hardware can optionally be different from the hardware illustrated in
Further, computer 2102 can be enable with a security module, such as a trusted processing module (TPM). For instance with a TPM, boot components hash next in time boot components, and wait for a match of results to secured values, before loading a next boot component. This process can take place at any layer in the code execution stack of computer 2102, e.g., applied at the application execution level or at the operating system (OS) kernel level, thereby enabling security at any level of code execution.
A user can enter commands and information into the computer 2102 through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 2138, a touch screen 2140, and a pointing device, such as a mouse 2142. Other input devices (not shown) can include a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a radio frequency (RF) remote control, or other remote control, a joystick, a virtual reality controller and/or virtual reality headset, a game pad, a stylus pen, an image input device, e.g., camera(s), a gesture sensor input device, a vision movement sensor input device, an emotion or facial detection device, a biometric input device, e.g., fingerprint or iris scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 2104 through an input device interface 2144 that can be coupled to the system bus 2108, but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, a BLUETOOTH® interface, etc.
A monitor 2144 or other type of display device can be also connected to the system bus 2108 via an interface, such as a video adapter 2146. In addition to the monitor 2144, a computer typically includes other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.
The computer 2102 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 2148. The remote computer(s) 2148 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer 2102, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device 2150 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted include wired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 2152 and/or larger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 2154. Such LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which can connect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet.
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 2102 can be connected to the local network 2152 through a wired and/or wireless communication network interface or adapter 2156. The adapter 2156 can facilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 2152, which can also include a wireless access point (AP) disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter 2156 in a wireless mode.
When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 2102 can include a modem 2158 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN 2154 via other means for establishing communications over the WAN 2154, such as by way of the Internet. The modem 2158, which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the system bus 2108 via the input device interface 2142. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 2102 or portions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 2150. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are example and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers can be used.
When used in either a LAN or WAN networking environment, the computer 2102 can access cloud storage systems or other network-based storage systems in addition to, or in place of, external storage devices 2116 as described above. Generally, a connection between the computer 2102 and a cloud storage system can be established over a LAN 2152 or WAN 2154 e.g., by the adapter 2156 or modem 2158, respectively. Upon connecting the computer 2102 to an associated cloud storage system, the external storage interface 2126 can, with the aid of the adapter 2156 and/or modem 2158, manage storage provided by the cloud storage system as it would other types of external storage. For instance, the external storage interface 2126 can be configured to provide access to cloud storage sources as if those sources were physically connected to the computer 2102.
The computer 2102 can be operable to communicate with any wireless devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, store shelf, etc.), and telephone. This can include Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.
What has been described above includes examples of the subject innovation. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the disclosed subject matter, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the subject innovation are possible. Accordingly, the disclosed subject matter is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
In particular and in regard to the various functions performed by the above described components, devices, circuits, systems and the like, the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., a functional equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure, which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary aspects of the disclosed subject matter. In this regard, it will also be recognized that the disclosed subject matter includes a system as well as a computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the acts and/or events of the various methods of the disclosed subject matter.
In addition, while a particular feature of the disclosed subject matter may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” and “including” and variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, these terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.”
In this application, the word “exemplary” is used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion.
Various aspects or features described herein may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. For example, computer readable media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips . . . ), optical disks [e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD) . . . ], smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive . . . ).
