Patent Application
20110031660
The present invention relates generally to preforms, and more particularly to compacted glass fiber preforms that are produced directly from a glass fiber product formed of texturized continuous glass fibers.
Acoustical sound insulators are used in a variety of settings where it is desired to reduce noise emissions by dissipating or absorbing sound. For example, it is known in the art to use a sound absorbing material in exhaust mufflers of internal combustion engines to dampen or attenuate sound made by the engine exhaust gases as they pass from the engine through the exhaust system and into the atmosphere. Typically, continuous glass fiber strands are positioned internally in a muffler as the sound absorbing material. Continuous glass fibers are preferred over other fibers, such as chopped glass fibers, because the length of the continuous fibers decreases the possibility that free fibers may dislodge from the muffler and exit into the atmosphere.
Continuous glass fiber strands may be positioned in a muffler by a variety of methods known in the art. For example, continuous glass fiber strands may be inserted directly into a muffler shell, such as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,569,471 to Ingemansson et al. In particular, Ingemansson et al. disclose a process and apparatus for filling muffler shells by feeding continuous multifilament glass fiber strands through a nozzle and into a muffler outer shell. Compressed air is used to expand the fiber strands into a wool-like material inside the shell.
Alternatively, fibrous filled bags may be utilized to fill the inner cavities of a muffler. U.S. Pat. No. 6,607,052 to Brandt et al. discloses a process for filling a muffler shell with continuous glass fiber strands in which a bag is filled with continuous glass fibers and inserted into a muffler cavity. The bag has a first side with one or more first perforations defining a first side total open area and a second side with either no perforations or one or more second perforations defining a second side total open area. The first side total open area is greater than the second side total open area. The bag is filled with a fibrous material (e.g., continuous glass fiber strands) and positioned adjacent to an internal structure located within a first muffler shell part. A partial vacuum is applied to draw the filled bag towards the internal structure. A second muffler shell part is then placed adjacent to the first muffler shell part such that the first and second muffler shell parts define an internal cavity containing the internal structure and the fibrous material-filled bag.
In addition to filling a muffler shell with continuous glass fiber strands, it is also known in the art to form preforms of continuous glass fiber strands which are adapted to be inserted into a muffler shell. U.S. Pat. No. 5,766,541 and EP 0 941 441 to Knutsson et al. discloses a preform of continuous glass fiber strands made by feeding continuous glass fiber strands into a perforated mold to form a continuous wool product in the mold, feeding a binder into the mold, compressing the mold to compact the wool product to a desired density, heating the mold to cure the binder, and removing the preform from the mold. The preform may then be inserted into a muffler cavity.
In U.S. Patent Publication No. 2001/0011780 A1 and EP 0 692 616 to Knutsson, continuous glass fiber strands and a powder binder are blown into a cavity formed of a perforated screen having the shape of the muffler to be filled. Hot air is then passed through the perforated screen to melt the binder and bond the fibers together. Next, cool air is circulated through the screen to cool the preform so that it can be removed from the screen and inserted into a muffler.
In many of the methods in existence for forming muffler preforms, a binder is applied to the fibers prior to filling a muffler mold with the fibers. Generally, the binder is sprayed onto the glass fibers during the texturization of the fibers to form a wool-like material. The binder conventionally used in muffler preforms is a thermosetting, phenolic-based resin. The phenolic-based resin is in a powder form and is sprayed onto the fibers with water to reduce dusting and aid in helping the powder to stick to the glass fibers before curing. After curing, thermosetting binders generally form cross-linked products through irreversible cross-linking reactions. Thus, once the binder in contact with the fibers is cured, such as in an oven, the cured binder holds or retains the fibers in the shape of the preform until the preform is installed into a muffler shell. After the preform is installed in the muffler shell, the binder is no longer needed, and is typically burned off by running the vehicle for a period of time sufficient to remove at least a substantial portion of the binder from the preform. It is desirable however, to provide an improved method of forming a muffler preform.
The present invention relates to compacted glass fiber preforms produced directly from a glass fiber product formed of texturized continuous glass fibers. In one embodiment of a method of forming a preform product, a mold cavity is filled with glass fibers. The mold cavity has an inlet end, a second end opposite the inlet end, and a longitudinal axis. Suction is applied simultaneously to the mold cavity axially from the second end, and suction is further simultaneously applied radially inwardly from a longitudinal passage within the mold cavity, thereby forming a preform product.
In another embodiment of the method of forming a preform product, a preform product is formed within a muffler shell. A muffler shell cavity is filled with glass fibers. The muffler shell cavity has an inlet end and a second end opposite the inlet end. A perforated tube extends from the first end to the second end of the cavity. Suction is applied simultaneously to the muffler shell cavity axially from the second end, and suction is further simultaneously applied radially inwardly through apertures formed in the perforated tube, thereby forming a preform product within a muffler shell.
In an additional embodiment, a mold for forming a preform product is provided. The mold has a first end and a second end and includes an outer mold portion. The outer mold portion has a longitudinal axis, a first end, and a second end. An inner mold portion is disposed longitudinally within the outer mold portion. A substantially annular space between the inner mold portion and the outer mold portion defines a mold cavity. The inner mold portion includes a closed first end, an open second end, and a plurality of apertures formed therethrough. An end plate is disposed at the second end of the mold and has a centrally formed opening and a plurality of vacuum holes formed therein. The centrally formed opening defines a passage into a cavity formed in the inner mold portion, and the vacuum holes define passages into the mold cavity. A vacuum source is disposed adjacent the second end of the mold.
Other advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, when read in light of the accompanying drawings.
The present invention will now be described with occasional reference to the specific embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth as used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about,” Accordingly, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical properties set forth in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending on the desired properties sought to be obtained in embodiments of the present invention, Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical values, however, inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from error found in their respective measurements.
As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the word/phrase “texturized fiber” is defined as glass strands wherein compressed air has separated the fibers forming the strands into individual fibers to give the fibers a “fluffed-up” or wool-like appearance. Additionally, the fibers can be “texturized” by other means, such as through mechanical handling of the fibers.
All references cited herein, including published or corresponding U.S. or foreign patent applications, issued U.S. or foreign patents, or any other references, are each incorporated by reference in their entireties, including all data, tables, figures, and text presented in the cited references.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown at 10 in
Referring again to the drawings, there is shown in
Alternatively, the apertures 26 may define any desired portion of the surface area of the mold portions 20 and 22, such as within the range of from about 30 percent to about 70 percent of the surface area of the mold portions 20 and 22.
It will be understood that the apertures 26 in both the inner and outer mold portions 22 and 20, respectively, advantageously make a steam curing process, as described below, or a hot air curing process, such as a forced hot air process, more efficient.
The illustrated mold portions 20 and 22 may be formed from any suitable material. Examples of suitable materials include steel, engineered plastics, aluminum, and other suitable metals and non-metals. Any other substantially rigid material may also be used. If desired, the outer mold portion 20 may be formed of mesh material, such as wire mesh, to maximize the amount of surface area of the outer surface 92 that is open. Alternatively, either or both of the outer mold portion 20 and the inner mold portion 22 may be formed of a supported mesh material, e.g., the mesh material could be wrapped around substantially rigid rods or bars which provide a support for the mesh material.
In the illustrated embodiment, the outer mold portion 20 is substantially cylindrical in shape, and has a first end 28 (upper end when viewing
As best shown in
In the illustrated embodiment, the inner mold portion 22 is substantially cylindrical in shape, has a first or closed end 40 (upper end when viewing
The closed end 40 of the inner mold portion 22 may include a plurality of substantially L-shaped slots 46 for receiving locking pins 48 of a mold lid 50, the purpose for which will be described in detail herein below. A substantially planar flange 52 extends radially outwardly from the second end 42 of the inner mold portion 22. The illustrated flange 52 has a circular circumferential edge 54 and includes a circumferentially extending notch 56 formed in the edge 54. The notch 56 defines a seat for the outer mold portion 20. The flange 52 includes a centrally formed opening 58 having a diameter substantially equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the inner mold portion 22. A plurality of vacuum holes 60 are formed in the flange 52. In the illustrated embodiment, seven vacuum holes 60 are formed in the flange 52. Alternatively, any desired number of vacuum holes may be formed in the flange 52.
A substantially annular mold base 62 may be provided for mounting the mold 16 to a structure such as a table 64. The mold base 62 may be mounted to the table 64 by any suitable fasteners, such as threaded fasteners 65. The illustrated mold base 62 includes a mounting surface 66 surrounding a centrally formed opening 68 having a diameter slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the flange 52. A cylindrical flange 70 extends outwardly (upwardly extending when viewing
A mold lid 50 includes a substantially annular body 80 with an outwardly extending handle 82 (upwardly extending when viewing
The outer diameter of the body 80 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the outer mold portion 20. The body 80 is structured and configured to be mounted within the outer mold portion 20 and about the inner mold portion 22, as best shown in
Prior to manufacturing the preform 18, air-impermeable material 90 is disposed around the outer surface 92 of the outer mold portion 20. The air-impermeable material 90 may be any desired material, such as plastic or cloth. Alternatively, a cylindrical sleeve (not shown) having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the outer mold portion 20 may be inserted into the outer mold portion 20. If desired, the outer mold portion 20 may be formed without apertures, thereby defining an air-impermeable barrier without the need for an air-impermeable material 90 to be disposed around the outer surface 92.
It has been shown that in certain embodiments, it is desirable to allow a very small amount of air to flow through the material covering the apertures 26 in the outer mold portion 20. Therefore, in an alternate embodiment of the mold 16, a high air-flow resistant material may be used. Advantageously, such high air-flow resistant material reduces the amount of binder that may collect in the apertures 26 in the outer mold assembly 20.
Referring now to
To fill the mold cavity 24 with a desired amount of glass fibers, the nozzle extension 99 is moved into (downwardly when viewing
The glass used to form the continuous strands 94 may be any type of glass suitable to withstand the temperatures present in the muffler. In dissipating the sound from internal combustion engines, the exhaust gases require the use of high temperature fibers. Examples of suitable glass fibers include E-type glass fibers, S-type glass fibers, and ADVANTEX® glass fibers. Alternatively, other types of heat resistant continuous fibers such as carbon fibers, mineral fibers, (i.e., continuous basalt fibers) may be used. If high temperatures are not present in the muffler, synthetic fibers such as polyamide, aramid, polyaramid, and/or polypropylene, and the like may be used and/or comingled with the glass fibers to form the preform product. Glass fibers are often used in mufflers for internal combustion engines because of their sound attenuation capability and resistance to the extreme heat conditions, such as those produced within a muffler.
Referring now to
In one embodiment, the diameter of the nozzle extension 99 is equal to about ¾ of the distance D between the outer and inner mold portions 20 and 22, respectively. In another embodiment, the diameter of the nozzle extension 99 is within the range of from about 12 mm to about 80 percent of the distance D between the outer and inner mold portions 20 and 22, respectively. It will be understood that although the illustrated embodiment depicts the use of texturized glass fibers, non-texturized glass fibers may alternatively be used to form a preform product.
Additionally, as the texturized glass fibers 95 are fed into the mold cavity 24, the nozzle extension 99 moves outwardly (upwardly when viewing
In the illustrated embodiment, a binder, such as a powder binder, is applied to the texturized glass fibers 95 immediately after texturization in the texturizing nozzle 98 and before the glass fibers 95 enter the nozzle extension 99. The binder may be any desired binder, such as a thermosetting, phenolic-based resin. Such a phenolic-based resin is in a powder form and is sprayed onto the texturized glass fibers 95 with water. After the preform 18 is cured, thermosetting binders generally form cross-linked products through irreversible cross-linking reactions. Thus, once the binder in contact with the fibers 95 is cured, such as in an oven, the cured binder holds or retains the fibers 95 in the shape of the preform until the preform is installed into a muffler shell. After the preform is installed in the muffler shell, the binder is no longer needed, and is typically burned off by running the vehicle for a period of time sufficient to remove at least a substantial portion of the binder from the preform.
As best shown in
Simultaneous with the introduction of the texturized glass fibers 95 into the mold cavity 24, a vacuum is applied to the mold cavity 24 to create a partial vacuum within the mold cavity 24. The partial vacuum provides for even distribution of the glass fibers 95, and further guides or directs the texturized glass fibers 95 within the mold cavity 24. The vacuum source 76 creates a suction which gathers any small, broken glass fibers, and also draws binder power that did not adhere to the texturized glass fibers 95 into the vacuum system 106 and, if provided, the dust filter.
Suction created by the vacuum system 106 is simultaneously applied (1) to the mold cavity 24 radially inwardly through the apertures 26 in the inner mold portion 22 through the inner mold cavity 44, through the opening 58, as shown by the arrows 100, and (2) to the mold cavity 24 through the second end 30 of the outer mold portion 20 through the plurality of vacuum holes 60 formed in the flange 52, as shown by the arrows 104.
Advantageously, the suction created by the simultaneous application of a vacuum through the inner mold cavity 44 and to the second end 30 of the outer mold portion 20, allows the fibers 95 to be deposited in the cavity 24 in an even and reproducible manner. It will be understood that the distribution of fibers 95 in the cavity 24 may be altered or adjusted by selecting the number, size and pattern of holes 60 in the flange 52 and/or by selecting the number, size and pattern, of apertures 26 in the inner mold portion 22 and by adjusting the suction created by the vacuum source 76.
In the embodiment of the mold 16 described herein above wherein the outer mold portion 20 is formed with the apertures 26 and the inner mold portion 22 has no apertures, the entire mold assembly may be placed in a container such that the suction created by the vacuum source is applied from outside the outer mold portion 20 and if desired, through the holes 60 in the flange 52, as described above. Advantageously, such an embodiment would provide for improved control of the powder binder, keeping it out of the work area. As a further advantage, the suction created by the simultaneous application of a vacuum through outside the outer mold portion 20, allows the fibers 95 to be deposited in the cavity 24 in an even and reproducible manner.
In an alternative embodiment of the mold 16, the outer mold portion 20 is formed with the apertures 26 and the inner mold portion 22 is also formed with the apertures 26. The entire mold assembly may be placed in a container such that the suction created by the vacuum source is applied from outside the outer mold portion 20 and if desired, through the opening 58 and the apertures 26 in the inner mold portion 22, and through the holes 60 in the flange 52.
It will be understood that the distribution of fibers 95 in the cavity 24 may be altered or adjusted by selecting the number, size and pattern of holes 60 in the flange 52 and/or by selecting the number, size and pattern, of apertures 26 in the outer mold portion 20 and by adjusting the suction created by the vacuum source 76.
After the mold cavity 24 has been filled with the desired amount of fibers 95, the lid 50 is attached to the inner mold assembly within the mold cavity 24, as best shown in
Once formed, the preform 18 may be cured by any desired method, such as by directing hot air through the apertures 26 of the outer mold portion 20 and/or the apertures 26 of inner mold portion 22. Alternatively, the mold 16 may be placed in an oven and heated by radiation, convection, or a combination thereof. High-pressure steam may also be used as the source of heat to cure the binder. Once cured, the lid 50 may be removed, the outer mold portion 20 may be pivotally opened at the hinge 34, and the preform 18 may be removed from about the inner mold portion 22. The preform 18 may then be inserted into the cavity of a muffler shell.
If desired, a preform such as the preform 18 may be formed within a muffler shell. For example, a muffler may be directly filled with texturized fibers 95 without the necessity of applying a binder to the roving as shown in
In an alternative embodiment of the muffler shell 200, a chamber 230 is defined within the muffler shell by a first baffle 232 and a second baffle 234. The baffles 232 and 234 are illustrated by phantom line in the embodiment illustrated in
As described above, simultaneous with the introduction of the texturized glass fibers 95 into the muffler cavity 204, a vacuum is applied to the cavity 204 to create a partial vacuum within the cavity 204. The partial vacuum provides for even distribution of the glass fibers 95, and further guides or directs the texturized glass fibers 95 within the muffler cavity 204. Suction created by the vacuum system 106 is simultaneously applied to the tube cavity 203 of the perforated tube 202 through the opening 216, and to the second end 214 of the shell 200 through the plurality of vacuum holes 218 formed in the plate 212, as shown by the arrows 100 and 104, respectively.
After the muffler cavity 204 has been filled with the desired volume of fibers 95, a first end plate 220 may be attached to a first end 222 of the shell 200. The plate 212 may also be removed and a second end plate 224 attached to the second end 214 of the shell 200. The first and second plates 220 and 224, respectively, may be attached to the shell 200 by any desired means, such as by welding, by crimping, or with fasteners such as rivets or threaded fasteners, thereby completing a fiber filled muffler assembly 226. In an alternative embodiment, in lieu of the plates 220 and 224, the ends 214 and 222 of the muffler shell 200 may be rolled into a conical shape about the distal ends of the perforated tube 202.
The principle and mode of operation of this invention have been described in its preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that this invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its scope.
