Patent Application
20250106645
This application claims the benefit under 35 USC § 119 (a) of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0129635 filed on Sep. 26, 2023, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
The following description relates to a method of generating a contour of a guard zone (or a “protected area” herein) for frequency sharing and an apparatus performing the method.
For frequency bands, techniques may be applied to share a frequency band while ensuring that a primary service, which is an existing service, does not experience an interference effect of an allowed value or more from a secondary service, which is an unlicensed service. For example, for a frequency band of 479 megahertz (MHz) to 698 MHz for television (TV) broadcasting, a technique may be employed to allow a new wireless station to use the same or adjacent frequency band at a location separated from a broadcast service area by a distance with which a TV receiver is unaffected. In the United States of America (shortly the US herein), for a frequency band of 3.55 gigahertz (GHz) to 3.7 GHZ, which is operated for radar systems as a primary service, the citizens broadband radio service (CBRS) is used to enable frequency band sharing using three layers. In Korea, for a fixed wireless station and public frequency service band of 4.72 GHz to 4.82 GHZ, an e-Um 5G service based on an analysis of an interference effect is used. Recently, for a band of 5925 MHz to 7125 MHz, sharing frequency, or joint use of frequency, is under review. Such a 6 GHz band (e.g., the band of 5925 MHz to 7125 MHz) is distributed and used worldwide for fixed communications, fixed broadcast relay, and fixed satellite uplinks. In some countries, it is also used for a mobile broadcast relay service.
The above description is information the inventor(s) acquired during the course of conceiving the present disclosure, or already possessed at the time, and is not necessarily art publicly known before the present application was filed.
An aspect may provide a technique for generating a guard zone contour (also herein a “protected area contour”) that allows a secondary service, which is an unlicensed service, to jointly use frequencies without interference with an existing primary service.
An aspect may provide a technique for setting an exclusion area to ensure that no interferer exists within a fixed distance from the location of a receiver of a primary service wireless station.
An aspect may provide a technique for generating a protected area contour based on a desired signal of a primary service wireless station.
However, the technical challenges are not limited to those described above, and other technical challenges may exist.
According to an embodiment, there is provided a method of generating a protected area contour for frequency sharing, the method including: calculating an interference-to-noise ratio (INR) that is an effect of interference with a first wireless station by a second wireless station sharing a frequency band with the first wireless station; setting an analysis area in which the interference is predicted to occur in a surrounding area of the first wireless station based on the INR; and generating a protected area contour of the first wireless station based on the analysis area and the INR.
The INR may include an INR calculated based on a desired received signal level of the first wireless station.
The setting of the analysis area may include: scanning the surrounding area based on a location of the first wireless station; obtaining the INR of the surrounding area; detecting a first area in the surrounding area having the INR greater than a predetermined value; and setting the analysis area based on a location of the first area.
The scanning may include: selecting at least one method from a linear scanning method of scanning the surrounding area linearly with respect to the first wireless station and a circular scanning method of scanning the surrounding area radially with respect to the first wireless station, and performing the scanning by the selected method.
The circular scanning method may be a method of uniformly radially scanning the surrounding area based on a predetermined distance resolution and angular resolution, in a circular area with the location of the first wireless station as a center point.
The angular resolution may be a first angular resolution for a first area in the surrounding area corresponding to a main beam direction of the first wireless station; and a second angular resolution, which is greater than the first angular resolution, for an area in the surrounding area from which the first area is excluded.
The analysis area may include a rectangular analysis area and a polygonal analysis area.
The generating of the protected area contour may include: in response to the second wireless station including a plurality of wireless stations with different ground elevations, simultaneously generating protected area contours of the first wireless station for the plurality of wireless stations.
The setting of the analysis area may include: in response to the circular scanning method being selected, detecting a second area in the surrounding area having the INR less than the predetermined value; and setting the analysis area excluding the second area.
The method may further include: in response to the second wireless station being a mobile wireless station whose location is not specifiable, restricting use of the frequency band by the second wireless station.
The generating of the protected area contour may include: in response to an aimed orientation of an antenna of the first wireless station not being specifiable, generating the protected area contour based on a beam tilt angle of the antenna.
According to an embodiment, there is provided a method of generating a protected area contour for frequency sharing, the method including: determining a fixed distance to exclude a second wireless station which is an interferer, based on morphological information of a location of a first wireless station which is a victim; and generating a contour of an area having the fixed distance as a radius with respect to the first wireless station.
According to an embodiment, there is provided an apparatus configured to generate a protected area contour for frequency sharing, the apparatus including: a memory including instructions; and a processor electrically connected to the memory and configured to execute the instructions. When the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor may be configured to control a plurality of operations, and the plurality of operations may include: calculating an INR that is an effect of interference with a first wireless station by a second wireless station sharing a frequency band with the first wireless station; setting an analysis area in which the interference is predicted to occur in a surrounding area of the first wireless station based on the INR; and generating a protected area contour of the first wireless station based on the analysis area and the INR.
The INR may include an INR calculated based on a desired received signal level of the first wireless station.
The setting of the analysis area may include: scanning the surrounding area based on a location of the first wireless station; obtaining the INR of the surrounding area; detecting a first area in the surrounding area having the INR greater than a predetermined value; and setting the analysis area based on a location of the first area.
The scanning may include: selecting at least one method from a linear scanning method of scanning the surrounding area linearly with respect to the first wireless station and a circular scanning method of scanning the surrounding area radially with respect to the first wireless station, and performing the scanning by the selected method.
The circular scanning method may be a method of uniformly radially scanning the surrounding area based on a predetermined distance resolution and angular resolution, in a circular area with the location of the first wireless station as a center point.
The angular resolution may be a first angular resolution for a first area in the surrounding area corresponding to a main beam direction of the first wireless station; and a second angular resolution, which is greater than the first angular resolution, for an area in the surrounding area from which the first area is excluded.
The analysis area may include: a rectangular analysis area and a polygonal analysis area.
The generating of the protected area contour may include: in response to the second wireless station including a plurality of wireless stations with different ground elevations, simultaneously generating protected area contours of the first wireless station for the plurality of wireless stations.
The setting of the analysis area may include: in response to the circular scanning method being selected, detecting a second area in the surrounding area having the INR less than the predetermined value; and setting the analysis area excluding the second area.
The plurality of operations may further include: in response to the second wireless station being a mobile wireless station whose location is not specifiable, restricting use of the frequency band by the second wireless station.
The generating of the protected area contour may include: in response to an aimed orientation of an antenna of the first wireless station not being specifiable, generating the protected area contour based on a beam tilt angle of the antenna.
According to an embodiment, there is provided an apparatus configured to generate a protected area contour for frequency sharing, the apparatus including: a memory including instructions; and a processor electrically connected to the memory and configured to execute the instructions. When the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor may be configured to control a plurality of operations, and the plurality of operations may include: determining a fixed distance to exclude a second wireless station which is an interferer, based on morphological information of a location of a first wireless station which is a victim; and generating a contour of an area having the fixed distance as a radius with respect to the first wireless station.
Other features and aspects will be apparent from the following detailed description, the drawings, and the claims.
The following structural or functional descriptions of example embodiments are merely intended for the purpose of describing the example embodiments, and the example embodiments may be implemented in various forms. The example embodiments are not meant to be limited, but it is intended that various modifications, equivalents, and alternatives are also covered within the scope of the claims.
Although terms of “first” or “second” are used to explain various components, the components are not limited to the terms. These terms should be used only to distinguish one component from another component. For example, a “first” component may be referred to as a “second” component, or similarly, and the “second” component may be referred to as the “first” component within the scope of the right according to the concept of the present disclosure.
It will be understood that when a component is referred to as being “connected to” another component, the component can be directly connected or coupled to the other component, or intervening components may be present.
As used herein, “A or B,” “at least one of A and B,” “at least one of A or B,” “A, B or C,” “at least one of A, B and C,” and “A, B, or C,” each of which may include any one of the items listed together in the corresponding one of the phrases, or all possible combinations thereof. The terminology used herein is for describing various examples only and is not to be used to limit the disclosure. The articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any one and any combination of any two or more of the associated listed items. As non-limiting examples, terms “comprise” or “comprises,” “include” or “includes,” and “have” or “has” specify the presence of stated features, numbers, operations, members, elements, and/or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, operations, members, elements, and/or combinations thereof.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein including technical or scientific terms have the same meanings as those generally understood consistent with and after an understanding of the present disclosure. Terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be construed to have meanings matching with contextual meanings in the relevant art and the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless otherwise defined herein.
As used in connection with various example embodiments of the disclosure, the term “module” may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may interchangeably be used with other terms, for example, “logic,” “logic block,” “part,” or “circuitry.” A module may be a single integral component, or a minimum unit or part thereof, adapted to perform one or more functions. For example, according to an embodiment, the module may be implemented in the form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
As used herein, the term “unit” (or “-er/or”) refers to software or hardware components such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an ASIC, and the unit may perform some functions. However, the unit is not limited to software or hardware. The unit may be configured to be on an addressable storage medium or may be configured to operate one or more processors. For example, the unit may include components, such as, software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases (DBs), data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. The functionality provided within components and units may be combined into fewer components and units or further separated into additional components and units. Further, the components and units may be implemented to operate one or more central processing units (CPUs) in a device or security multimedia card. Furthermore, the unit (or -er/or) may include one or more processors.
Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. When describing the example embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, like reference numerals refer to like components and a repeated description related thereto is omitted.
Referring to
The system 10 may include a database (DB) update function module 110, a KFS system internal DB function module 120, a KFS system logging function module 130, a protected area contour generation function module 140, a spectrum availability analysis function module 150, and a KFS device connectivity and response function module 160. The DB update function module 110 may download the latest copy of a regulation DB required to operate the system 10, and adjust it with respect to an existing regulation DB (e.g., adding data, deleting expired data, correcting changed data, etc.). The DB update function module 110 may retrieve information (e.g., device model, device type, etc.) about a KFS device approved by a national regulatory authority. The KFS system internal DB function module 120 may update and modify parameters related to a wireless station (e.g., a first wireless station) providing a primary service that is an existing service and to a wireless station (e.g., a second wireless station) providing a secondary service that is an unlicensed service. The KFS system internal DB function module 120 may generate and validate a link of a fixed wireless station (e.g., the first wireless station and second wireless station). The KFS system logging function module 130 may receive and store events related to functions of the KFS system (e.g., the system 10). For example, it may function to preserve records of compliance with regulation requirements. The KFS system logging function module 130 may generate reports on the management of the system 10. The protected area contour generation function module 140 may generate protected area contours. For example, the protected area contour generation function module 140 may add, delete, and update protected area contours. Here, a protected area, or a guard zone, may refer to an area that protects the first wireless station from the influence or effect of interference of the second wireless station on the first wireless station and allows the first wireless station to provide a service normally. The protected area contour generation function module 140 may manage and update related algorithms of a propagation model and may merge protected area contours for wireless stations on the same link. The spectrum availability analysis function module 150 may select a criterion of maximum allowable output power (e.g., power spectrum density (PSD)) based on location uncertainty. For example, the spectrum availability analysis function module 150 may identify a maximum allowable PSD in a frequency band of 1 megahertz (MHz). It may identify a maximum allowable equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) for each channel. The KFS device connectivity and response function module 160 may wait for an inbound hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) (or an HTTP over a secure sockets layer (SSL) message and may exchange messages related to encoding and other security parameters. The KFS device connectivity and response function module 160 may authenticate each inbound request appropriate for the implementation of the system 10 and may perform data validation on messages including device (e.g., KFS device) identifiers. The KFS device connectivity and response function module 160 may configure and transmit a spectrum inquiry response message related to an adaptive frequency control (AFC) device requesting inbound. The functions of the modules 110 to 160 described above may be implemented by the apparatus 2100. The apparatus 2100 may collect or aggregate information about the first wireless station and the second wireless station. The apparatus 2100 may calculate an effect (e.g., an interference-to-noise ratio (INR)) of interference by the second wireless station. The apparatus 2100 may set an analysis area where interference by the second wireless station is predicted to occur, and may generate a contour of a protected area (or simply a “protected area contour”) of the first wireless station.
In response to a frequency usage request from a device (e.g., a KFS device), the system 10 may authorize the KFS device to use a corresponding frequency and perform data validation. Based on location information (e.g., location information of the device) and the frequency usage request, the system 10 may respond to the KFS device with a maximum allowable output power level in consideration of location uncertainty through the spectrum availability analysis function module 150, and may log a corresponding event. In this case, a protected area contour required for the spectrum availability analysis function module 150 to perform a spectrum availability analysis may be a contour pre-calculated by the protected area contour generation function module 140 or a contour calculated based on real-time coordinate information. In a case where a change occurs in at least one of an information DB for a first user (e.g., the first wireless station) and a geological altitude and/or morphology DB, the DB update function module 110 may update the DB and may additionally update a protected area contour generation function performed by the protected area contour generation function module 140.
Referring to
Referring to
For example, A_h1→B_h1 may represent a unidirectional link through which a signal transmitted by a wireless station A with an antenna ground elevation of h1 (height 1) is received by a wireless station B with an antenna ground elevation of h2. For example, A_h3→B_h4 may be classified because, when the wireless station A and/or the wireless station B have other ground elevations different from h1 and/or h2, there may be a change in an aimed antenna orientation angle and gain and different protected area contours may be generated. Since protected area contours generated in the case of different antenna ground elevations for the same wireless station link may represent similar protected areas, reducing the number of contours may be efficient in reducing the complexity. For example, a protected area contour to be formed based on an A_total→B_total link may be formed as a union of multiple protected area contours formed from unidirectional links formed with the wireless station A and the wireless station B, and may be the widest contour.
The apparatus 2100 may generate a simulation group, which is a basic unit for simulation for generating a protected area contour. A link connecting transmission and reception may be used to determine the basic unit (e.g., a simulation group) for the simulation for generating a protected area contour. For example, based on individual links connecting transmission and reception, a bidirectional link with the same wireless station location may be generated, and links with different center frequencies (CFs) among the same unidirectional links may be used to generate a simulation group for performing the simulation. To analyze interference to generate a protected area contour, defining transmission and reception parameters for a primary service and a secondary service may be required. Table 1 shows transmission and reception parameters for the primary service (e.g., a service provided by the first wireless station).
A wireless station receiving an allocated frequency may store transmission and reception parameters in a radio wave management DB, based on data submitted when applying for the frequency. When selecting a first wireless station, it may be necessary to select parameters (e.g., transmission and reception parameters in Table 1) required for an analysis of interference of the information of wireless stations receiving allocated frequencies in a corresponding frequency band. The transmission and reception parameters in Table 1 may include mandatory items that are required without error and optional items that are not mandatory but may contribute to a difference in the accuracy of results if not used. In a case where the apparatus 2100 sets an analysis area and calculates a protected area based on an INR, parameters other than a transmission location of the first wireless station may not be mandatory in the calculation process. In a case where the apparatus 2100 calculates a protected area based on an INR (e.g., a carrier to interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR)) that is calculated based on a desired received signal level of the first wireless station, a transmission power, a transmitting antenna gain, and a reference CINR value may be mandatory items.
Optional items that are not required to be used by the apparatus 2100 to calculate interference may be considered further in cases where no specific value is set, or where there is an error in a result (e.g., an interference analysis result). A value for each item shown in Table 1 may be a default value and may vary depending on the settings of an administrator of a device (e.g., the apparatus 2100). In general, four leading digits in the form of radio waves may correspond to an authorized bandwidth, and an occupied bandwidth may be determined based on the authorized bandwidth. Based on the occupied bandwidth, a receiving mask attribute of a primary service may be determined. The occupied bandwidth may be adjusted for mapping to the predetermined receiving mask. For an item “receiving antenna pattern” (or receive antenna pattern), when there is a pattern in a wireless station DB, the apparatus 2100 may apply the pattern to the calculation of a protected area. When there is no pattern in the wireless station DB, the apparatus 2100 may apply a Rec. IRU-R F.699-applied recommended pattern to the calculation of a protected area based on an antenna gain and an antenna beam width. For a receiving antenna beam width, when there is a specific value in the wireless station DB, the apparatus 2100 may apply the value as is. For other optional items, the apparatus 2100 may calculate values based on frequency, antenna gain, and equations in Rec. ITU-R F.699. For a receiving feeder loss, when there is an attenuation value (e.g., a feeder line attenuation value) in the wireless station DB, the apparatus 2100 may apply the value as is. When there is no attenuation value in the wireless station DB, the apparatus 2100 may apply a receiving feeder loss value to the generation of a protected area based on a state of connectivity between an antenna and a transmitting and receiving device. For example, the apparatus 2100 may apply a receiving feeder loss value of 0 dB to set a protected area when the antenna and the transmitting and receiving device are directly connected, apply a receiving feeder loss value of 3 dB when the transmitting and receiving device is an indoor unit (IDU), or apply a receiving feeder loss value of 0 dB when information about the connection between the antenna and the transmitting and receiving device is unknown. For a polarization type, when there is data on a polarization type in the wireless station DB, the apparatus 2100 may apply the polarization type, or may apply V (vertical) in the absence of the data. In addition, for a system temperature and a noise figure, values present in the wireless station DB may be used as is. When the values for the system temperature and the noise figure are not present in the wireless station DB, 4 dB in a lower 6 GHz band and 4.5 dB in an upper 6 GHz band may be applied.
A second wireless station (e.g., an RLAN), which is an interferer, may be applied to specified parameters (e.g., the transmission and reception parameters) in the same way throughout the entire analysis process (e.g., a process of generating a protected area contour). Table 2 shows transmission and reception parameters for the secondary service (e.g., a service provided by the second wireless station).
The transmission parameters of the RLAN that are required for the apparatus 2100 to calculate an INR (e.g., an RINR) may include a transmission power, an antenna height, and an indoor/outdoor classification. By default, the transmission power of the RLAN may be set based on equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP), and the antenna gain and pattern may be considered a gainless antenna radiating in all directions. When using the antenna pattern, the antenna pattern may be used additionally to generate a protected area, in addition to the antenna gain and beam width. For ease of description, two cases in which the maximum EIRP is 30 dBm and the minimum EIRP is 27 dBm are assumed, but embodiments are not limited thereto. A center frequency, an occupied bandwidth, and a transmitting mask may be applied to calculate frequency dependent rejection (FDR) after calculating an RINR is completed. In addition, pre-setting a height at which the RLAN is located may be required. This is because a radio wave environment may be viewed differently depending on a look height (e.g., a ground elevation) at the same coordinates when the apparatus 2100 calculates the RINR, and thus an interference effect may be different. In general, the higher the height of an interferer (e.g. the RLAN), the greater the amount of interference, and thus a greater protected area may be required. For ease of description, only two values—a maximum ground elevation of 40 meters (m) and a minimum ground elevation of 10 m—are assumed, but values of ground elevation are not limited thereto, and may be implemented in various ways through more detailed classification. For an item “antenna height” (e.g., an antenna ground elevation), the apparatus 2100 may select the lowest representative ground elevation that is higher than a ground elevation received from the RLAN which is the second wireless station. For example, in a case where the ground elevation received from the RLAN exceeds a maximum ground elevation (e.g., 40 m), the apparatus 2100 may calculate the antenna height as the maximum ground elevation. For example, the apparatus 2100 may select a ground elevation value of 10 m when the ground elevation of the RLAN is 3 m, and may select a ground elevation of 40 m, which is the maximum ground elevation, when the ground elevation of the RLAN is 55 m which exceeds the maximum ground elevation, to generate a protected area contour.
Referring to
For the apparatus 2100 to generate a protected area contour for a first wireless station (e.g., a receiving wireless station 430), it may be necessary to set an area (e.g., an analysis area) where interference by a second wireless station (e.g., a transmitting wireless station 410) is predicted to occur. Since, without setting the analysis area, a great amount of time may be used to calculate a protected area for a link of a single wireless station (e.g., the receiving wireless station 430), setting the analysis area appropriately may be required. For example, in a case where the analysis area is set to be extremely small, an analysis may not be properly performed on a point where interference is likely to occur, failing to protect the receiving wireless station 430. In contrast, in a case where the analysis area is set to be extremely large, the analysis may be performed even on a point where interference is not likely to occur, excessively increasing the required amount of time and the size of data.
The linear scanning method may calculate an effect (e.g., INR) of interference sequentially from top to bottom, from left to right, along latitude and longitude. For example, the apparatus 2100 may set a start point and an end point for the calculation in a rectangular area set based on the latitude and longitude, and sequentially calculate the effect of the interference. The apparatus 2100 may set an initial analysis area (e.g., an initial analysis area 400) to set a final analysis area. A main beam direction analysis distance (e.g., a main beam direction analysis distance 401) may refer to a distance in a main beam direction corresponding to a direction of an antenna of the transmitting wireless station 410 from a location of an antenna of the receiving wireless station 430. When the height (e.g., an antenna ground elevation) of the receiving wireless station 430 increases, a probability that a protected area contour is generated up to a location where the main beam direction analysis distance 401 is large may increase. The main beam direction analysis distance 401 may be n kilometers (km) (where “n” may be 100) and may vary depending on the settings. A sidelobe direction analysis distance (e.g., a sidelobe direction analysis distance 405) may refer to a distance in a direction perpendicular to a main beam of the antenna of the receiving wireless station 430. The sidelobe direction analysis distance 405 may depend on sidelobe characteristics of the antenna, and may be m km (wherein “m” may be 20). A backlobe direction analysis distance (e.g., a backlobe direction analysis distance 403) may refer to a distance in an opposite direction from the main beam. The backlobe direction analysis distance 403 may depend on backlobe characteristics of the antenna, and may be x km (where “x” may be 10). The initial analysis area 400 may vary depending on transmission and reception characteristics of a link of a wireless station (e.g., the receiving wireless station 430 and the transmitting wireless station 410) and topographical features.
Referring to
Once an initial analysis area (e.g., the initial analysis area 400 in
In Equation 1, RI denotes a total amount of interference by an interferer under the assumption that EIRP of an RLAN has a CW-type signal; N denotes a total received noise level based on a noise figure and a bandwidth of a receiver of a first wireless station; P_RLAN denotes an EIRP output power under the assumption that an antenna gain of the RLAN is 0 dBi; PL denotes a total propagation loss based on a propagation path loss, a clutter loss, and a building transmission loss; G_FS denotes a receiving antenna gain in a direction of the interferer; FL denotes a receiving feeder loss; NF denotes a receiving noise figure of a fixed wireless station (e.g., the first wireless station); and NL denotes a received noise level based on a receiving bandwidth.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
The circular scanning method may scan radially a surrounding area based on the location of a first wireless station (e.g., a wireless station 730 and the receiving wireless station 430 in
The circular scanning method may have a reduced number of calculations of a path profile compared to the linear scanning method, and may thus have a reduced overall analysis time. Due to the nature of a circular analysis, the circular scanning method may have a lower analysis resolution as a distance between analysis points increases at a location farther from the center. For example, for two points separated by the same distance from the wireless station 730, but separated by an angular resolution of 1 degree, a distance between the two points may be 17 m if the distance from the wireless station 730 is 1 km, 87 m if 5 km, 870 m if 50 km, and 1740 m if 100 km. Thus, as the distance from the wireless station 730 increases, an RINR may be calculated at wider intervals, and thus the analysis resolution may be reduced. When the analysis resolution decreases, morphological information about remaining points between the calculation points may be ignored, which may reduce the analysis accuracy. When the circular scanning method is selected to set an analysis area, the apparatus 2100 may set the angular resolution 705 to 1 degree or less for the analysis accuracy. The apparatus 2100 may set a reference INR value for setting the analysis area to be on the order of −20 dB, which is 10 dB less than a reference value for setting an actual protected area, for the analysis accuracy. In general, as the reference value (e.g., an INR value) for setting the analysis area (e.g., the analysis area 750) is set to be at a lower level (e.g., −20 dB) than the reference value (e.g., −10 dB) for setting the protected area, the analysis area (e.g., the analysis area 750) may be set to be larger than the final protected area. The apparatus 2100 may set the reference INR value for setting the analysis area to the reference value (e.g., −10 dB) for the protected area, and may determine the analysis area 750 as the final protected area without further RINR calculations.
Referring to
In operation 801, the apparatus 2100 may specify coordinates of a receiving wireless station (e.g., the wireless station 730 in
In operation 803, the apparatus 2100 may calculate coordinates of an interferer (e.g., a second wireless station) at a point that is separated from the wireless station 730 by an angle of zero (0) degrees and a maximum analysis distance (e.g., the maximum analysis distance 701) relative to the wireless station 730.
In operation 805, the apparatus 2100 may calculate an INR (e.g., an RINR), which is an effect of interference, based on the calculated coordinates of the interferer.
In operation 807, the apparatus 2100 may determine whether a calculated RINR value exceeds a reference value. In response to the RINR value at a corresponding point exceeding the reference value, the apparatus 2100 may perform operation 809. In response to the RINR value not exceeding the reference value, the apparatus 2100 may perform operation 811.
In operation 809, the apparatus 2100 may store coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude) of the corresponding point, in response to the RINR value exceeding the reference value.
In operation 811, the apparatus 2100 may move a scanning location by a distance resolution (e.g., the distance resolution 703) in a direction of a receiving point (e.g., the wireless station 730), in response to the RINR value not exceeding the reference value.
In operation 813, the apparatus 2100 may determine whether an angle of the scanning location exceeds 360 degrees, and may perform operation 817 or operation 815 based on a result of the determination.
In operation 815, in response to the angle exceeding 360 degrees, the apparatus 2100 may determine that the analysis has been performed on all points, and may output the stored coordinates (e.g., coordinates of analysis points) of the interferer. An area obtained by connecting the output coordinates by a line may be set as an analysis area (e.g., the analysis area 750).
In operation 817, in response to the angle not exceeding 360 degrees, the apparatus 2100 may move clockwise by an angular resolution (e.g., the angular resolution 705) and calculate coordinates (e.g., latitude and longitude) of a point separate from the wireless station 730 by the maximum analysis distance 701. After calculating the coordinates of the point, the apparatus 2100 may calculate an RINR value.
Referring to
The apparatus 2100 may calculate the RINR while moving clockwise by a first angular resolution (e.g., 0.1 degrees), for an area (e.g., a first area) corresponding to the main beam direction. The apparatus 2100 may calculate the RINR while moving by a second angular resolution (e.g., 1 degree) that is greater than the first angular resolution, for an area other than the first area. The second angular resolution may be the same as the angular resolution 705 described above with reference to
Referring to
When generating a protected area contour based on the output power, the antenna ground elevation, and the indoor-outdoor classification as shown in Table 3, the apparatus 2100 may need to perform eight similar calculations, which may increase the time required. To simplify the calculations and reduce the time required, the apparatus 2100 may generate a plurality of protected area contours together. For example, the apparatus 2100 may perform calculations to generate protected area contours, for the output power (e.g., 27 dBm and 30 dBm) and the indoor-outdoor classification together. For the antenna ground elevation, the apparatus 2100 may need to perform a calculation for each antenna elevation because a change in the height of an interferer (e.g., the RLAN) may change a receiving antenna gain and a propagation model loss value of the first wireless station. The apparatus 2100 may process a plurality of protected area contours simultaneously in both the linear scanning method and the circular scanning method.
When selecting the linear scanning method to generate a protected area contour, the apparatus 2100 may set the antenna ground elevation of the RLAN to 10 m, the output power to 30 dBm, and the environment to outdoor, and may then calculate and store RINR values of all pixels (e.g., analysis points according to the analysis resolution) within the analysis area. The apparatus 2100 may derive an RINR result by performing an addition or subtraction on RINR results based on the output power and the indoor/outdoor classification. For example, using a target RINR value of −10 dB, the apparatus 2100 may generate a protected area contour corresponding to “30 dBm-10 m-Outdoor.” By applying the same RINR result and an RINR value of −13 dB, the apparatus 2100 may generate a protected area contour corresponding to “27 dBm-10 m-Outdoor.” By using the indoor building transmission loss of 6 dB and applying an RINR value of −16 dB, the apparatus 2100 may generate a protected area contour corresponding to “30 dBm-10 m-Indoor.” By applying an RINR value of −19 dB, the apparatus 2100 may generate a protected area contour corresponding to “27 dBm-10 m-Indoor.” The apparatus 2100 may change the antenna ground elevation of the RLAN to 40 m and repeat this calculation process to generate four contours corresponding to the ground elevation of 40 m.
When selecting the circular scanning method to generate a protected area contour, the apparatus 2100 may initialize parameters of the RLAN in the same way as in the linear scanning method. For example, the apparatus 2100 may set the antenna ground elevation of the RLAN to 10 m, the output power to 30 dBm, and the environment to outdoor. When the output power is 30 dBm and the environment is outdoor, an RINR value may be −10 dB which is the highest value. The apparatus 2100 may calculate the RINR value while moving toward the center at Angle[i], and then stop calculating the value when the RINR value at Distance[i+7] is −9 dB, which is greater than −10 dB. The apparatus 2100 may store the coordinates at the immediately preceding step, Distance[i+6], in an i-th Angle array of the 30 dBm-10 m-Outdoor protected area contour. Also, the RINR value of the 27 dBm-10 m-Outdoor protected area contour is −13 dB, which is greater than the value at Distance[i+6], which is −12 dB, and thus the coordinates at Distance[i+5] may be stored in the i-th Angle array. The coordinates at Distance[i+4] may be stored in the i-th array of the 30 dBm-10 m-Outdoor contour, and the coordinates at Distance[i+2] may be stored in the i-th array of the 27 dBm-10 m-Outdoor contour. The apparatus 2100 may move to a maximum analysis distance point of Angle[i+1] and repeat the process described above. After calculating all the angles up to 360 degrees, the apparatus 2100 may change the antenna ground elevation of the RLAN to 40 m and repeat the process described above. The apparatus 2100 may stop calculating at the maximum RINR value to reduce the amount and time of calculation, and may calculate and store the RINR values at all distances to correspond to a reference RINR value that changes in the future and may thereby drive a desired result without additional calculations.
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Accordingly, protected area contours of the same output power for the same wireless station (e.g., fixed wireless station) link may have output power calculated based on a single contour.
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The minimum received signal level (e.g., I_req) is calculated to be −52.7 dBm, and using-10 dB as a reference INR value, an allowable interference level may be calculated to be −105.2 dBm. A degraded FM reduction may be 0.4 dB.
An actual received signal level (C_RX) of a first wireless station (e.g., a fixed service) with a transmission power (P_FS) of 30 dBm, a transmitting and receiving antenna gain (G_FS_TX, G_FS_RX) of 38 dBi, a link distance of 40 km, and a receiving feeder loss (FL) of 3 dB may be calculated as expressed in Equation 3 below.
As a result of the calculation, when the actual received signal level (C_RX) is −37 dBm, an additional margin of 15.7 dB may be obtained, and a higher interference level may be obtained accordingly. A recalculated allowable interference level required to maintain SNR and FM without causing performance degradation of the system may be calculated as expressed in Equation 4 below.
There may be a significant difference of 26.1 dB in the interference level between a case where the desired received signal level (e.g. C_RX) is considered and a case where the desired received signal level is not considered. The SNR and FM values required to calculate a required minimum received signal level may be related to system operation, and such items themselves may not be easily obtained from a wireless station DB. To overcome this issue, the SNR and FM values may be set conservatively, and the received signal level and the allowable interference level may be calculated using only the transmission parameters of the wireless station.
For example, referring to the M-ary QAM SNR data in
The allowable interference level recalculated based on the actual received level (C_RX) of −37 dBm described above may be calculated as expressed in Equation 6 below.
The required amount of interference with a link distance considered is −90.6 dBm and the amount of interference calculated in Equation 2 based on an INR is −105.2 dBm, there may be a difference of 14.6 dB. In some specific cases, the recalculated allowable interference level value may be less than the INR-based interference level but, in most cases, may be greater, enabling more efficient frequency sharing.
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In operation 2010, the apparatus 2100 may calculate, for a first wireless station, an INR (e.g., an RINR), which is an effect of interference by a second wireless station sharing a frequency band with the first wireless station.
In operation 2030, the apparatus 2100 may set an analysis area in which interference is predicted to occur in a surrounding area of the first wireless station based on the INR. For example, based on a location of the first wireless station, the apparatus 2100 may select a linear scanning method or a circular scanning method to obtain an INR of the surrounding area of the first wireless station, and may set the analysis area (e.g., a rectangular analysis area, a polygonal analysis area, a circular analysis area, etc.) based on the obtained INR.
In operation 2050, the apparatus 2100 may generate a protected area contour of the first wireless station based on the analysis area and the INR.
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The memory 2110 may store instructions (or programs) executable by the processor 2130. For example, the instructions may include instructions for executing operations of the processor 2130 and/or instructions for executing operations of each component of the processor 2130.
The memory 2110 may include one or more computer-readable storage media. The memory 2110 may include non-volatile storage devices, such as, for example, magnetic hard discs, optical discs, floppy discs, flash memory, electrically programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), and electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs).
The memory 2110 may be non-transitory media. The term “non-transitory” may indicate that a storage medium is not implemented as a carrier or propagated signal. However, the term “non-transitory” should not be construed that the memory 2110 is immovable.
The processor 2130 may process data stored in the memory 2110. The processor 2130 may execute computer-readable code (e.g., software) stored in the memory 2110 and instructions caused by the processor 2130.
The processor 2130 may be a hardware-implemented data processing device having a physically structured circuit to execute desired operations. The desired operations may include, for example, code or instructions included in a program.
The hardware-implemented data processing device may include, for example, a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), a processor core, a multi-core processor, a multiprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
The operations performed by the processor 2130 may be substantially the same as the operations performed by the apparatus 2100 to generate a protected area contour, which are described above, and a more detailed and repeated description will thus be omitted here for brevity.
The example embodiments described herein may be implemented using hardware components, software components and/or combinations thereof. A processing device may be implemented using one or more general-purpose or special purpose computers, such as, for example, a processor, a controller, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic unit (PLU), a microprocessor, or any other device capable of responding to and executing instructions in a defined manner. The processing device may run an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications that run on the OS. The processing device also may access, store, manipulate, process, and create data in response to execution of the software. For simplicity, the description of a processing device is used as singular; however, one skilled in the art will be appreciated that a processing device may include multiple processing elements and multiple types of processing elements. For example, a processing device may include multiple processors or a processor and a controller. In addition, different processing configurations are possible, such as, parallel processors.
The software may include a computer program, a piece of code, an instruction, or some combination thereof, to independently or collectively instruct or configure the processing device to operate as desired. Software and/or data may be embodied permanently or temporarily in any type of machine, component, physical or virtual equipment, computer storage medium or device, or in a propagated signal wave capable of providing instructions or data to or being interpreted by the processing device. The software also may be distributed over network-coupled computer systems so that the software is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. The software and data may be stored by one or more non-transitory computer-readable recording mediums.
The methods according to the above-described examples may be recorded in non-transitory computer-readable media including program instructions to implement various operations of the above-described examples. The media may also include, alone or in combination with the program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like. The program instructions recorded on the media may be specially designed and constructed for the purposes of examples, or they may be of the kind well-known and available to those having skill in the computer software arts. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM discs, DVDs, and/or Blue-ray discs; magneto-optical media such as optical discs; and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and perform program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory (e.g., USB flash drives, memory cards, memory sticks, etc.), and the like. Examples of program instructions include both machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher-level code that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter.
The above-described hardware devices may be configured to act as one or more software modules in order to perform the operations of the above-described examples, or vice versa.
While this disclosure includes specific examples, it will be apparent after an understanding of the disclosure of this application that various changes in form and details may be made in these examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims and their equivalents. The examples described herein are to be considered in a descriptive sense only, and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects in each example are to be considered as being applicable to similar features or aspects in other examples. Suitable results may be achieved if the described techniques are performed in a different order, and/or if components in a described system, architecture, device, or circuit are combined in a different manner, and/or replaced or supplemented by other components or their equivalents.
Therefore, in addition to the above disclosure, the scope of the disclosure may also be defined by the claims and their equivalents, and all variations within the scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included in the disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2023-0129635 | Sep 2023 | KR | national |
