The present invention relates to a technique for killing bacteria living on the surface of objects or living organisms by use of high energy particles or the like in the air.
Recently, infectious diseases caused by bacteria such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or avian flu suddenly and globally occur and cause a serious social problem. People are highly aware of this problem and ask for a safe and easy-to-handle sterilization and disinfection method.
Meanwhile, in a medical institution or a general household, sterilization and disinfection is generally carried out by use of antiseptic solution. However, there is no perfect antiseptic solution which combines safety and effectiveness and effective and therefore, different types of antiseptic solutions are only used in accordance with intended use. Sterilization and disinfection in a breeding area of farm animals for food currently relies on dispersion of disinfectant and is not sufficient. Therefore, development of prevention transmission technique for the farm animals is also a pressing problem.
Furthermore, a disinfection device using ethylene oxide gas, a disinfection device using a hydrogen peroxide low-temperature gas plasma and a disinfection device using radiation or the like are known as conventional compact low-temperature disinfection devices for medical use. However, the disinfection device using ethylene oxide gas has a disadvantage of using carcinogenic material which is legal restrained. The disinfection device using hydrogen peroxide low-temperature gas plasma requires a vacuum device, is high in cost, and operation of the apparatus is not easy. The disinfection device using radiation requires an expensive radiation generator and the limited installation location. Moreover, each of the disinfection devices are intended to sterilize medical equipments and batch sterilization method is adopted. Therefore, an object of sterilization is limited.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a low-temperature sterilization method achieving safe and reliable sterilization by use of a compact and simple apparatus.
To solve the above-mentioned problem, according to the present invention, there is provided a dry sterilization method comprising the steps of: generating gas of temperature nonequilibrium condition containing high-energy particles by exciting gas; and spraying pathogenic microorganisms with the gas of temperature nonequilibrium condition so as to kill the pathogenic microorganisms.
Here, “the gas of temperature nonequilibrium condition” means, for example, gas which contains particles having internal energy high enough to kill pathogenic microorganisms while, on the other hand, has small thermal energy and an energy condition suitable for accomplish the end desired.
To solve the above-mentioned problem, according to the present invention, there is provided a low-temperature dry disinfection device comprising: a gas supply source; a high-energy particle generator for generating gas of temperature nonequilibrium condition containing high-energy particles by exciting the gas supplied from the gas supply source; and a gas spraying unit for spraying external pathogenic microorganisms with the gas of temperature nonequilibrium condition generated by the high-energy particle generator.
In the above-mentioned configuration, it is preferable that the high-energy particle generator further comprises: a chamber for receiving gas supplied from the gas supply source; an electromagnetic field generation unit for providing the chamber with an electromagnetic field for exciting the gas in the chamber; and a high-voltage power supply for supplying power voltage to the electromagnetic field generation unit, the gas spraying unit further comprising a gas spraying pipe connected to the chamber.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the high-energy particle generator further comprises a cooling apparatus for cooling down the gas of temperature nonequilibrium condition before the gas is introduced into the gas spraying unit. It is also preferable that the gas supply source supplies a single type of gas or a mixed gas of more than two types of gases.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the high-energy particle generator further comprises a flow rate regulating valve arranged at a gas supply port for receiving gas from the gas supply source. It is also preferable that at least one of the high-energy particle generator and the gas spraying unit is provided with means for mixing steam into the gas of temperature nonequilibrium condition.
According to the present invention, sterilization is carried out by spraying an object or living organisms with gas of temperature nonequilibrium condition including high energy particles, thereby sterilization effect enough to kill bacteria can be obtained, while damage to the object or the living creature can be significantly reduced. In addition, when metals or other heat resistant materials are selected as an object to be sterilized, by injecting the gas at the temperature of more than 50° C., it is possible to cut down the time for sterilization.
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Hereafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to attached drawings.
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In the present embodiment, a single gas cylinder 8 is provided and a single type of gas is supplied. However, a mixed gas of more than two types of gases maybe supplied from different gas cylinders.
The high energy particle generation parts 1-3 include, according to this embodiment, a microwave plasma source. The microwave plasma source includes a plasma torch 3, a microwave power source 1, and a co-axial cable 2 for supplying power from the microwave power source 1 to the plasma torch 3. Although not shown, the plasma torch 3 includes a chamber for receiving the gas supplied from the gas cylinder 8 and an electromagnetic field generator for providing the chamber with an electromagnetic field to excite gas in the chamber. In addition, the gas injection part includes a plasma injection pipe 4 arranged in the plasma torch 3.
Here in this embodiment, for safe operation of the apparatus, parts other than the microwave power source 1 of the micro plasma source are incorporated in a draft chamber 7.
According to the preferred embodiment, the plasma torch 3 includes a cooling unit for cooling down the gas of temperature nonequilibrium condition before the gas is introduced into the plasma injection pipe 4. It is preferable that the plasma torch 3 includes a flow rate regulating valve arranged at a gas supply port of the chamber. Furthermore, it is preferable that at least one of the chamber of the plasma torch 3 or the plasma injection pipe 4 is provided with means for mixing steam in the gas of temperature nonequilibrium condition.
Thus, power is supplied from the microwave power source 1 to the plasma torch 3 through the co-axial cable 2. Gas is supplied from the gas cylinder 8 to the plasma torch 3. Then, plasma generated by the plasma torch 3 is irradiated to a sample 5 fixed to the substrate 6 so as to carry out sterilization.
In order to verity sterilization effect of the above-mentioned low temperature dry disinfection device, experiments were conducted as follows:
Frequency of microwave was 2.45 GHz, power was between 300 and 400W. Argon, helium, and oxygen were used as gas and maximum flow rate of the gas was 20SLM. A mixed gas of those gases could be used.
Irradiation distance was appropriately adjusted between 70 mm and 150 mm in such a manner that temperature on the substrate where the sample 5 was set became 323K, 333K, 353K, and 383K, respectively. The heated argon gas was supplied by supplying the argon gas through a stainless pipe heated by an electric heater. Sterilization time was set to 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 40 minutes, respectively.
For comparison with the low temperature dry disinfection device of the present invention, sterilization by ultraviolet irradiation was carried out. Using a mercury ultraviolet lamp (UV lamp), ultraviolet was irradiated to a sample.
Temperature of the gas was measured by E-type thermocouple. Bioindicator (3M, Attest 290) and a sample of No. 1291 were used. The sample is a piece of paper coated with spores of Bacillus subtilis existing in a natural environment.
Sterilization effect was checked by inserting the processed sample 5 into the bioindicator. When the sample is determined to be negative (−) by the bioindicator, it is guaranteed that the spores of Bacillus subtilis were sterilized by at least a log reduction number of 5 (10−5). On the other hand, when the sample is determined to be positive (+), it means that the log reduction number is less than 5.
Condition of spores of Bacillus subtilis was photographed by use of real surface microscope VE-7800 (product of KEYENCE).
Following facts were found by the experiment:
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/JP2005/015431 | 8/25/2005 | WO | 00 | 7/15/2009 |