Patent Grant
7487720
This invention is related to a method of making a bale of tow (continuous filaments), such as cellulose acetate tow, having flat or substantially flat surfaces.
Cellulose acetate tow is a material that is shipped in bales. Tow refers to a continuous band (or bundle) of filaments. Typically, the tow is drawn directly from the bale (i.e., de-baling) for subsequent processing. Therefore, it is important that the tow can be drawn from the bale without difficulty. Moreover, these bales should be stackable which typically means that these bales should have flat or substantially flat surfaces.
In the production of the tow bale, it is necessary to compact (or press) the tow to form the bale. Tow compaction, which is performed in a press, can lead to several problems. One such problem is bales with rounded (i.e., ‘not flat’ or ‘crowned’) tops and bottoms. This is a problem, during storage, handling, and shipping, because the rounded bales can not be stacked easily and have a tendency to tip. Another problem arising during compaction is that the tow can become entangled (i.e., the layers of tow are intermingled). This is a problem, during de-baling of the tow, because the entangled tow may not be easily removed from the bale.
In the recent past, several in the cellulose acetate industry have addressed the problem of rounded bales.
In US Patent Publication No. 2005/0161358, a bale with substantially flat sides (i.e., the top and bottom) is made by a technique in which the compressed tow is packaged in an air-tight wrap. When the tow expands, after release of the pressure on the tow, the tow springs back, somewhat, creating a vacuum within the air-tight wrap. The internal pressure created by the vacuum is enough to keep the sides substantially flat.
In US Patent Publication No. 2004/0159658, a bale with substantially flat sides (i.e., the top and bottom) is made by a technique in which the compressed tow is packaged in an air-tight wrap and then a vacuum (i.e., from an external source) is drawn within the wrapped tow.
In US Patent Publication No. 2006/0243142, a bale with substantially flat sides (i.e., top and bottom) is made by a technique where the tow is compressed between two protruding surfaces. These protruding surfaces may be convex, ellipsoidal, spherical, polyhedral (i.e., tetrahedral or pyramidal) or have curved or straight linear profiles. US Patent Publication No. 2006/0243142 at Paragraph [0036] and
In US Patent Publication No. 2006/0249406, a bale with substantially flat sides (i.e., the top and bottom) is made by a technique where the tow is compressed between two platens with convex surfaces. The convex surfaces are a smooth surface, e.g., continuous, faceted, or stepped. US Patent Publication No. 2006/0249406, Paragraph [0022] and
There is a need for a method to make bales of cellulose acetate tow that have substantially flat sides (e.g., the top and bottom) and which the tow may be easily de-baled.
For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings a form that is presently preferred; it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
A method for baling a cellulose acetate tow is disclosed. The method includes the following steps: laying the cellulose acetate tow into a can; pressing the laid tow with a press having a first platen and a second platen, each platen facing each other, each platen having a contoured face, the contoured face having at least three sloped portions, a first sloped portion located adjacent a peripheral edge of the platen having a first slope, a second sloped portion located adjacent the first sloped portion having a second slope, and a third sloped portion located adjacent the second sloped portion having a third slope, wherein the first slope is greater that the second slope, and the second slope is greater that the third slope; and packaging and securing the pressed tow; whereby the pressed tow having substantially flat surfaces.
Referring to the figures where like numerals indicate like parts, there is shown in
Bales of cellulose acetate tow may have dimensions in the range of 30 inches (76 cm) to 60 inches (152 cm) in height, 46 inches (117 cm) to 56 inches (142 cm) in length and 35 inches (89 cm) to 45 inches (114 cm) in width. Bales of cellulose acetate typically range in weight from 900 pounds (408 Kg) to 2100 pounds (953 Kg).
Referring to
Generally, tow 32 is laid into a can at a remote location (not shown). Then, the tow 32 is transferred from the can and set into the press 30 within the press walls 34 and between dressed platens (dressed refers to wrapping 14 or a portion of the wrapping 14). The lower surface of the tow 32 rests atop the dressed lower platen 36. The upper surface of the tow 32 in can 34 is engaged by the dressed upper platen 38 as that platen is lowered to compress the tow 32. The platens 36 and 38 are discussed in greater detail below. It is understood that that the lower platen 36 may be the active platen and the upper platen 38 may be the stationary platen. The press 30 then compresses the tow for a given period of time (discussed in greater detail below). After compression, pressure on the bale is released (e.g., by retracting the platens), and the compressed bale is allowed to expand from 2 to 25% of its maximum compressed height. The expanded bale is fully wrapped and strapping is applied. This wrapped and strapped bale has flat or substantially flat surfaces and the tow may be easily de-baled.
It has been determined that bales of tow with flat or substantially flat surfaces and that may be easily de-baled may be made as follows:
In the first embodiment, the height of the platen, see
In the second embodiment, the height of the platen, see
In the foregoing illustration of the second embodiment, the platens 36 and 38 where made of wood (e.g., pine). However, the platens may be made of other materials, for example a synthetic material (e.g., nylon, polyester) or a metal (e.g., steel). If the platens are made of these latter materials, then the height (H5) may be 3 inches (7.6 cm) or less.
The foregoing may be further illustrated by the following examples:
Several fiber bale samples, as described herein below in detail, were prepared, and the growth of the top surface of each fiber bale sample was measured to determine the percent reduction in bale crown compared to the control. The percent reduction is calculated from the height difference between a control bale made from a flat platen and a trial bale made from a convex platen. The bale height is measured using a level at the highest point on the bale surface and measuring the distance from ground. The bales were then opened and tested for fiber removal performance. The number of defects during removal were then counted and given a fault index rating. The fault index rating is a visual quality check of the fiber during de-baling before processing. Over a set period of time, for example 5-10 minutes, the fiber is observed leaving the bale prior to entering the downstream equipment. The test is typically conducted at high speeds to magnify the potential for defects, for example 600 meters/minute. The rating is based on the length of the defects times a multiplier. Table I shows the scale and multipliers.
The preferred bale would have the highest percent crown reduction with the lowest fault index. The results of the aforementioned test are shown below in Table II. The conditions for producing fiber bale samples were varied based on productivity and Time at Target Bale Pressure desired. Fiber bale sample 1 was produced using standard flat platens, and fiber bale sample 2-8 was produced using bale platens (wooden) made according to instant invention.
The present invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit and the essential attributes thereof, and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicated the scope of the invention.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/892,959 filed Mar. 5, 2007.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 159378 | Baldwin | Feb 1875 | A |
| 206658 | Blossom | Aug 1878 | A |
| 705134 | Pope et al. | Jul 1902 | A |
| 2947241 | Guenther et al. | Aug 1960 | A |
| 2947242 | Guenther et al. | Aug 1960 | A |
| 3063363 | Lamb | Nov 1962 | A |
| 3351992 | Carter | Nov 1967 | A |
| 3683795 | Harris | Aug 1972 | A |
| 3991670 | Stromberg | Nov 1976 | A |
| 4092912 | Simich | Jun 1978 | A |
| 4162603 | Stromberg | Jul 1979 | A |
| 4324176 | McCormick | Apr 1982 | A |
| 4366751 | Spaller, Jr. | Jan 1983 | A |
| 4393767 | Dutfield | Jul 1983 | A |
| 4577752 | Meredith, Jr. | Mar 1986 | A |
| 5701723 | Simpson | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5732531 | deSilva et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5852969 | Anthony | Dec 1998 | A |
| 6474226 | Sutton et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 20040159658 | McLaughlin et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20050161358 | Kern | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20060243142 | Mullins et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060249406 | Sanderson et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 29615598 | Feb 1997 | DE |
| 896228 | May 1962 | GB |
| 2004-34062 | Aug 2005 | JP |
| WO 0232238 | Apr 2002 | WO |
| WO 03089309 | Oct 2003 | WO |
| WO 2006115973 | Nov 2006 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080216674 A1 | Sep 2008 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60892959 | Mar 2007 | US |
