Patent Application
20120142579
The instant disclosure relates to methods of making compositions comprising glycerol esters and a fabric softening active. Methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.
Consumer fabric care compositions are often formulated to provide improved fabric feel and freshness, and static control. Fabric softening active in a fabric care composition may deliver softness and static control to treated fabrics, as well as delivering perfume to give a freshness benefit. Unfortunately, existing fabric softening actives and fabric care compositions may suffer from a variety of disadvantages. Fabric softening actives are typically very hydrophobic and must be converted from a melt into an aqueous dispersion that is pourable, disperses in rinse water, and deposits on fabric. And, biodegradable fabric softening actives may suffer from chemical and physical instability, which requires formulation at a very narrow pH range. Consequently, fabric softening actives are often difficult to process and difficult to formulate into stable fabric softening compositions. The process for converting softening active into an aqueous dispersion requires high energy input and stringent process control. Fabric softening formulations sometimes require the use of additives or viscosity modifiers to stabilize the formulations, which results in higher cost and a more complicated formula. And, current fabric softening actives are often incompatible with other benefit actives, such as cationic polymers and perfumes. Finally, current fabric care compositions may be messy to use, particularly during dosing, when the composition tends to drip down the side of the dosing cap.
Thus, there is a need in the art to provide fabric care actives and compositions having improved attributes with respect to one or more of the aforementioned problems. Also, given the concern for environmentally compatible consumer products, there remains the need for fabric care agents having an improved biodegradeability profile. Finally, there is a need to provide a less messy fabric care formulation.
The use of polyhydric alcohol esters in fabric care compositions to address one or more of the needs discussed above is known. It has been discovered, however, that certain polyhydric alcohol esters, namely glycerol esters, may provide additional benefits, such as better fabric feel. It has also been discovered that additional benefits may be achieved by adding a mixture of glycerol esters directly to fabric softener active and then combining the mixture of glycerol esters and softener active with water. Furthermore, direct addition of glycerol esters to the fabric softening active eliminates a step in the process by eliminating the need to emulsify glycerol ester, e.g., with a non-ionic surfactant and cetyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride.
The present invention attempts to solve one more of the needs described above by providing, in one aspect of the invention, a method of making a fabric care composition comprising the steps of:
Another aspect of the invention provides a method of making a fabric care composition comprising the steps of:
wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of fatty acid ester moieties comprising carbon chains having a carbon chain length of from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms; —OH; and combinations thereof;
Another aspect of the invention provides a method of making a fabric care composition comprising the steps of:
Still other aspects of the invention include methods of using fabric care compositions made according to the method described above and treating fabric with these fabric care compositions.
As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” when used in a claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described.
As used herein, the terms “include,” “includes,” and “including” are meant to be non-limiting.
Glycerol esters may also be referred to as glycerides or glyceryl esters. A glycerol monester is the same as a monoglyceride and a monoacylglycerol. A glycerol diester is the same as a diglyceride or a diacylglycerol. And, a glycerol triester is the same as a triglyceride or a triacylglycerol.
The term “glycerol monoester” as used herein includes both isomers of glycerol monester and the term “glycerol diester” includes both isomers of glycerol diester. A glycerol monester molecule contains only one fatty acid residue and exists in two isomeric forms:
A glycerol diester contains two fatty acid residues and exists in two isomeric forms:
Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are in reference to the active portion of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources of such components or compositions.
It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
The methods of making fabric care compositions, which comprise glycerol ester and a fabric softening active (FSA), described herein generally comprise the steps of: mixing a fabric softener active with a mixture of glycerol esters to form a first mixture; combining the first mixture with water and, optionally, a salt to form a second mixture; combining the second mixture with a material selected from a delivery enhancing agent, e.g., cationic polymer, an antifoam agent, a chelant, a preservative, a structurant, a silicone, a phase stabilizing polymer, a perfume, a perfume microcapsule, a dispersant, or a combination thereof to form the liquid fabric care composition. The glycerol ester mixture and the FSA may each be melted prior to mixing, such that a glycerol ester melt and a FSA melt are mixed to form a first mixture (glycerol ester/FSA co-melt). Alternatively, the glycerol ester mixture and the FSA may each be provided as a solid component, e.g., pellets, mixed, and then melted to form a first mixture (glycerol ester/FSA co-melt). Alternatively still, the glycerol ester mixture may be melted to form a glycerol ester melt, the FSA may be melted to form a FSA melt, and the two melts may be simultaneously combined with water to form an aqueous mixture. When combining the glycerol ester melt and the FSA melt or the first mixture (glycerol ester/FSA co-melt) with water and, optionally, salt, the salt is typically dissolved in the water and the water is at a temperature of about 5° C. to about 100° C., alternatively about 5° C. to about 80° C., alternatively 80° C. to about 100° C., typically about 100° C. The salt may be selected from calcium chloride and sodium chloride. Water may be added to the glycerol ester melt and the FSA melt, simultaneously, to form an aqueous mixture or water may be added to the first mixture to form a second mixture. Alternatively, the glycerol ester melt and the FSA melt may be simultaneously added to water to form an aqueous mixture or the first mixture may be added to water to form a second mixture. In a further alternative, the salt may be added separate from the water.
This mixture of glycerol ester, FSA, optionally, salt, and water is then typically further processed before combining it with a material selected from a delivery enhancing agent, an antifoam agent, a chelant, a preservative, a structurant, a silicone, a phase stabilizing polymer, a perfume, a perfume microcapsule, a dispersant or a combination thereof to form the liquid fabric care composition. One method of processing the mixture of glycerol ester, FSA, and water to form a liquid fabric care composition is milling. For example, a molten organic premix of a fabric softener active, a mixture of glycerol ester, and, optionally, other organic materials, except cationic polymer and preferably not perfume, is prepared and dispersed into a water seat comprising water at about 80-100° C. High shear milling, e.g., milling at 2000-6000 rpm, for 30 seconds to 5 minutes, is conducted at a temperature of about 80-100° C. The dispersion may optionally be fed through a dynamic orifice by a pipe (or other such conduit) under feed pressure. The dynamic orifice comprises a valve, wherein the valve can be changed from a fixed first position to a fixed second position all the while feeding the composition through the dynamic orifice. Adjusting the valve (and thus the opening) can quickly and predictably accommodate changes in manufacturing operating conditions. The dynamic orifice and the use thereof are further described in the publication of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/779,098. The dispersion is then cooled to ambient temperature. The composition may be further milled after cooling to control viscosity and particle size of the dispersion. As a preferred method, perfume is added at ambient temperature, less than about 35° C.
Typically, a material selected from a delivery enhancing agent, e.g., a cationic polymer, an antifoam agent, a chelant, a preservative, a structurant, a silicone, a phase stabilizing polymer, a perfume, a perfume microcapsule, dispersant, or a combination thereof is added to the dispersion after the dispersion has been cooled to ambient temperatures, e.g., less than 35° C. The cationic polymer is preferably added after ingredients such as perfumes, and silicones may be added before or after cationic polymers.
Another method of processing the mixture of glycerol ester, FSA, and water to form a liquid fabric care composition is by mixing the components of the composition using cavitation. Cavitation refers to the process of forming vapor bubbles in a liquid. This can be done in a number of manners, such as through the use of a swiftly moving solid body (as an impeller), hydrodynamically, or by high-frequency sound waves. When the bubbles collapse further downstream from the forming location, they release a certain amount of energy, which can be utilized for making chemical or physical transformations.
One particular method for producing hydrodynamic cavitation uses an apparatus known as a liquid whistle. Liquid whistles are described in Chapter 12 “Techniques of Emulsification” of a book entitled Emulsions—Theory and Practice, 3rd Ed., Paul Becher, American Chemical Society and Oxford University Press, NY, N.Y., 2001. An example of a liquid whistle is a SONOLATOR® high pressure homogenizer, which is manufactured by Sonic Corp. of Stratford, Conn., U.S.A.
Processes using liquid whistles have been used for many years. The apparatuses have been used as in-line systems, single or multi-feed, to instantly create fine, uniform and stable emulsions, dispersions, and blends in the chemical, personal care, pharmaceutical, and food and beverage industries. Liquids enter the liquid whistle under very high operating pressures, in some cases up to 1000 bar. By operating pressure, it is understood to mean the pressure of the liquid(s) as it enters the liquid whistle device. This ensures efficient mixing of the liquids within the apparatus. Such operating pressures may be achieved by using, for example, a Sonolator® High Pressure Homogenizer.
Lower operating pressures may be used, while achieving the same degree of mixing, by mixing a fabric softening active in liquid form with a second liquid composition using an apparatus comprising two or more orifices arranged in series. More specifically, a liquid fabric softening composition comprising a fabric softening active and a mixture of glycerol esters may be made using a process comprising the steps of: taking an apparatus 100 (
The liquid fabric softening active/glycerol ester composition comprises a fabric softening active, as described below, a glycerol ester mixture, as described below, and, optionally, a solvent. The glycerol ester mixture is thereby added to the FSA before the FSA is hydrated, e.g., mixed with the second liquid composition. The liquid fabric softening active/glycerol ester composition is introduced into the apparatus 100 through the first inlet 1A. In certain embodiments, the fabric softening active is present at a concentration between 15% and 95% by weight of the fabric softening active/glycerol ester composition, preferably between 20% and 60% by weight of the fabric softening active/glycerol ester composition, more preferably between 30% and 55% by weight of the fabric softening active/composition. In certain embodiments, the glycerol ester mixture is present at a concentration between about 15% and 95% by weight of the fabric softening active/glycerol ester composition, preferably between 20% and 60% by weight of the fabric softening active/glycerol ester composition, more preferably between 30% and 55% by weight of the fabric softening active/composition. In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from ethanol or isopropanol. The solvent may optionally contain a diluent such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, naturally derived oils, e.g., tallow fat, coconut oil. In some embodiments, there is no solvent or diluent. In some embodiments, the liquid fabric softening active/glycerol ester composition is added in a molten form. The liquid fabric softening active/glycerol ester composition is preferably heated to a temperature between 70° C. and 90° C. in order to make it molten.
The second liquid composition comprises water (hence, it hydrates the liquid fabric softening active/glycerol ester composition when the liquid fabric softening active/glycerol ester and the second liquid composition pass through the apparatus 100 at the desired flow rate) and may comprise any of the general types of materials that appear in liquid fabric softening compositions known in the art. For example, the second liquid composition may comprise salt, e.g., NaCl, CaCl2, silicone compounds, perfumes, encapsulated perfumes, dispersing agents, stabilizers, pH control agents, colorants, brighteners, dyes, odor control agent, pro-perfumes, cyclodextrin, solvents, soil release polymers, preservatives, antimicrobial agents, chlorine scavengers, anti-shrinkage agents, fabric crisping agents, spotting agents, anti-oxidants, anti-corrosion agents, bodying agents, drape and form control agents, smoothness agents, static control agents, wrinkle control agents, sanitization agents, disinfecting agents, germ control agents, mold control agents, mildew control agents, antiviral agents, anti-microbials, drying agents, stain resistance agents, soil release agents, malodor control agents, fabric refreshing agents, chlorine bleach odor control agents, dye fixatives, dye transfer inhibitors, color maintenance agents, color restoration/rejuvenation agents, anti-fading agents, whiteness enhancers, anti-abrasion agents, wear resistance agents, fabric integrity agents, anti-wear agents, defoamers and anti-foaming agents, rinse aids, UV protection agents, sun fade inhibitors, insect repellents, pro-biotics, pre-biotics, anti-allergenic agents, enzymes, flame retardants, water proofing agents, fabric comfort agents, water conditioning agents, shrinkage resistance agents, stretch resistance agents, structurants, chelants, electrolytes, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the second liquid composition comprises silicone compounds. The second liquid composition may also be heated or unheated. In one embodiment, the temperature of the second liquid composition is between 40° C. and 70° C. The pH of the second liquid composition should be adjusted such that the final resultant liquid fabric softening composition has the desired pH. The pH may be adjusted using a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid or formic acid. The second liquid composition is introduced into the apparatus 100 through the second inlet 1B.
The process described above is further discussed in the U.S. patent application claiming the benefit of Provisional Application No. 61/294,533.
According to the present invention, a method of making a fabric care composition, which comprises a fabric softening active and glycerol esters, is provided. Liquid fabric care compositions, e.g., fabric softening compositions (such as those contained in DOWNY or LENOR), comprise a fabric softening active. One class of fabric softener actives includes cationic surfactants. Liquid fabric softeners may be described as a concentrated polydispersion of particles made of cationic surfactant. The particles are spherical vesicles of cationic surfactant. The vesicles may act as carriers for perfumes. Imperfections in processing conditions and in softener active compositions can result in incomplete and/or undesirable vesicle formation, e.g., larger than desired vesicles or lamellar sheets. It is believed that these undesirable structures may contribute to high initial rheology, rheology growth with age (thickening upon storage so the fabric softener is no longer pourable), and/or physical instabilities. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the addition of glycerol ester to the cationic surfactant, before the cationic surfactant is hydrated, results in formation of a gel network microstructure of the cationic surfactant and the glycerol ester that leads to ordered structures with high yield stresses and shear thinning properties (e.g., pourable). A composition prepared by this method comprises a dispersed gel network phase comprising a cationic surfactant and a glycerol ester.
The term “gel network” refers to a lamellar or vesicular semi-crystalline phase that comprises at least one surfactant and at least one fatty amphiphile and solvent. The lamellar or vesicular phase comprises bi-layers made up of a first layer comprised of cationic surfactant and a fatty amphiphile, such as glycerol ester, alternating with a second layer comprising the solvent (eg water). For the lamellar crystalline phase to form, the co-actives must be dispersed in solvent. Solid crystalline refers to the structure of the lamellar or vesicular phase which forms at a temperature below the chain melt temperature of the cationic surfactant and glycerol ester. The chain melt temperature may be measured by Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC).
The gel network structures the fabric softening composition by providing the desired rheology or viscosity, and thickening the composition. As a result, the composition is physically stable at zero-shear and has shear thinning properties that enable the composition to be dispensed by pouring from a bottle or cap or dispensing in a washing machine. This structuring of the composition by inducing a semi-crystalline lamellar phase (e.g., gel network) may be accomplished without the use of a polymeric structuring agent, thereby simplifying the formulation. Polymer structuring agents may, however, be used in addition to the gel network.
Gel Networks are further described by G.M. Ecceleston, “Functions of Mixed Emulsifiers and Emulsifying Waxes in Dermatological Lotions and Creams”, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physiochem and Eng Aspects 123-124 (1997) 169-82.
Examples of cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium compounds. Exemplary quaternary ammonium compounds include alkylated quaternary ammonium compounds, ring or cyclic quaternary ammonium compounds, aromatic quaternary ammonium compounds, diquaternary ammonium compounds, alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compounds, amidoamine quaternary ammonium compounds, ester quaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof. A final fabric softening composition (suitable for retail sale) will comprise from about 1.5% to about 50%, alternatively from about 1.5% to about 30%, alternatively from about 3% to about 25%, alternatively from about 3 to about 15%, of fabric softening active by weight of the final composition. Fabric softening compositions, and components thereof, are generally described in US 2004/0204337. In one embodiment, the fabric softening composition is a so called rinse added composition. In such an embodiment, the composition is substantially free of detersive surfactants, alternatively substantially free of anionic surfactants. In another embodiment, the pH of the fabric softening composition is acidic, for example between about pH 2 and about pH 5, alternatively between about pH 2 to about pH 4, alternatively between about pH 2 and about pH 3. The pH may be adjusted with the use of hydrochloric acid or formic acid.
In yet another embodiment, the fabric softening active is DEEDMAC (e.g., ditallowoyl ethanolester dimethyl ammonium chloride). DEEDMAC means mono and di-fatty acid ethanol ester dimethyl ammonium quaternaries, the reaction products of straight chain fatty acids, methyl esters and/or triglycerides (e.g., from animal and/or vegetable fats and oils such as tallow, palm oil and the like) and methyl diethanol amine to form the mono and di-ester compounds followed by quaternization with an alkylating agent.
In one aspect, the fabric softener active is a bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammonium chloride fatty acid ester having an average chain length of the fatty acid moieties of from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms, and an Iodine Value (IV), calculated for the free fatty acid, of from 15 to 25, alternatively from 18 to 22, alternatively from about 19 to about 21, alternatively combinations thereof. The Iodine Value is the amount of iodine in grams consumed by the reaction of the double bonds of 100 g of fatty acid, determined by the method of ISO 3961.
In certain aspects, the fabric softening active comprises a compound of formula (I):
wherein R1 and R2 is each independently a C15-C17, and wherein the C15-C17 is unsaturated or saturated, branched or linear, substituted or unsubstituted. This fabric softening active is further described in the publication of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/752,209
In some aspects, the fabric softening active comprises a bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammonium methylsulphate fatty acid ester having a molar ratio of fatty acid moieties to amine moieties of from 1.85 to 1.99, an average chain length of the fatty acid moieties of from 16 to 18 carbon atoms and an iodine value of the fatty acid moieties, calculated for the free fatty acid, of from 0.5 to 60. This fabric softening active is further described in the publication of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/752,220.
In some aspects, the fabric softening active comprises, as the principal active, compounds of the formula
{R4-m−N+−[(CH2)n−Y−R1]m}A− (1)
wherein each R substituent is either hydrogen, a short chain C1-C6, preferably C1-C3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, and the like, poly (C2-3 alkoxy), preferably polyethoxy, benzyl, or mixtures thereof; each m is 2 or 3; each n is from 1 to about 4, preferably 2; each Y is —O—(O)C—, —C(O)—O—, —NR—C(O)—, or —C(O)—NR—; the sum of carbons in each R1, plus one when Y is —O—(O)C— or —NR—C(O)—, is C12-C22, preferably C14-C20, with each R1 being a hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl group, and A− can be any softener-compatible anion, preferably, chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, and nitrate, more preferably chloride or methyl sulfate;
In some aspects, the fabric softening active has the general formula:
[R3N+CH2CH(YR1)(CH2YR1)]A−
wherein each Y, R, R1, and A− have the same meanings as before. Such compounds include those having the formula:
[CH3]3N(+)[CH2CH(CH2O(O)CR1)O(CR1]Cl(−) (2)
wherein each R is a methyl or ethyl group and preferably each R1 is in the range of C15 to C19. As used herein, when the diester is specified, it can include the monoester that is present.
These types of agents and general methods of making them are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,180, Naik et al., issued Jan. 30, 1979, which is incorporated herein by reference. An example of a preferred DEQA (2) is the “propyl” ester quaternary ammonium fabric softener active having the formula 1,2-di(acyloxy)-3-trimethylammoniopropane chloride.
In some aspects, the fabric softening active has the formula:
[R4-m−N+−R1m]A+ (3)
wherein each R, R1, and A− have the same meanings as before.
In some aspects, the fabric softening active has the formula:
wherein each R, R1, and A− have the definitions given above; each R2 is a C1-6 alkylene group, preferably an ethylene group; and G is an oxygen atom or an —NR— group;
In some aspects, the fabric softening active has the formula:
wherein R1, R2 and G are defined as above.
In some aspects, the fabric softening active is a condensation reaction product of fatty acids with dialkylenetriamines in, e.g., a molecular ratio of about 2:1, said reaction products containing compounds of the formula:
R1—C(O)—NR—R2—NH—R3—NH—C(O)—R1 (6)
wherein R1, R2 are defined as above, and each R3 is a C1-6 alkylene group, preferably an ethylene group and wherein the reaction products may optionally be quaternized by the additional of an alkylating agent such as dimethyl sulfate. Such quaternized reaction products are described in additional detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,296,622, issued Mar. 22, 1994 to Uphues et al., which is incorporated herein by reference;
In some aspects, the preferred fabric softening active has the formula:
[R1—C(O)—NR—R2—N(R)2—R3—NR—C(O)—R1]+A− (7)
wherein R, R1, R2, R3 and A− are defined as above;
In some aspects, the fabric softening active is a reaction product of fatty acid with hydroxyalkylalkylenediamines in a molecular ratio of about 2:1, said reaction products containing compounds of the formula:
R1—C(O)—NH—R2—N(R3OH)—C(O)—R1 (8)
wherein R1, R2 and R3 are defined as above;
In some aspects, the fabric softening active has the formula:
wherein R, R1, R2, and A− are defined as above.
Non-limiting examples of compound (1) are N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N-(2 hydroxyethyl) N-methyl ammonium methylsulfate.
Non-limiting examples of compound (2) is 1,2 di(stearoyl-oxy) 3 trimethyl ammoniumpropane chloride.
Non-limiting examples of Compound (3) are dialkylenedimethylammonium salts such as dicanoladimethylammonium chloride, di(hard)tallowedimethylammonium chloride dicanoladimethylammonium methylsulfate. An example of commercially available dialkylenedimethylammonium salts usable in the present invention is dioleyldimethylammonium chloride available from the Evonik Corporation under the trade name Adogen® 472 and dihardtallow dimethylammonium chloride available from Akzo Nobel Arquad 2HT75.
A non-limiting example of Compound (4) is 1-methyl-1-stearoylamidoethyl-2-stearoylimidazolinium methylsulfate wherein R1 is an acyclic aliphatic C15-C17 hydrocarbon group, R2 is an ethylene group, G is a NH group, R5 is a methyl group and A− is a methyl sulfate anion, available commercially from the Witco Corporation under the trade name Varisoft®.
A non-limiting example of Compound (5) is 1-tallowylamidoethyl-2-tallowylimidazoline wherein R1 is an acyclic aliphatic C15-C17 hydrocarbon group, R2 is an ethylene group, and G is a NH group.
A non-limiting example of Compound (6) is the reaction products of fatty acids with diethylenetriamine in a molecular ratio of about 2:1, said reaction product mixture containing N,N″-dialkyldiethylenetriamine with the formula:
R1—C(O)—NH—CH2CH2—NH—CH2CH2—NH—C(O)—R1
wherein R1—C(O) is an alkyl group of a commercially available fatty acid derived from a vegetable or animal source, such as Emersol® 223LL or Emersol® 7021, available from Henkel Corporation, and R2 and R3 are divalent ethylene groups.
A non-limiting example of Compound (7) is a difatty amidoamine based softener having the formula:
[R1—C(O)—NH—CH2CH2—N(CH3)(CH2CH2OH)—CH2CH2—NH—C(O)—R1]+CH3SO4
wherein R1—C(O) is an alkyl group, available commercially from the Witco Corporation e.g. under the trade name Varisoft® 222LT.
An example of Compound (8) is the reaction products of fatty acids with N-2-hydroxyethylethylenediamine in a molecular ratio of about 2:1, said reaction product mixture containing a compound of the formula:
R1—C(O)—NH—CH2CH2—N(CH2CH2OH)—C(O)—R1
wherein R1—C(O) is an alkyl group of a commercially available fatty acid derived from a vegetable or animal source, such as Emersol® 223LL or Emersol® 7021, available from Henkel Corporation.
An example of Compound (9) is the diquaternary compound having the formula:
wherein R1 is derived from fatty acid, and the compound is available from Witco Company.
It will be understood that combinations of softener actives disclosed above are suitable for use in this invention.
In the cationic nitrogenous salts herein, the anion A−, which is any softener compatible anion, provides electrical neutrality. Most often, the anion used to provide electrical neutrality in these salts is from a strong acid, especially a halide, such as chloride, bromide, or iodide. However, other anions can be used, such as methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, formate, sulfate, carbonate, and the like. Chloride and methylsulfate are preferred herein as anion A. The anion can also, but less preferably, carry a double charge in which case A− represents half a group.
According to the present invention, a method of making a fabric care composition, which comprises a fabric softening active and a mixture glycerol esters, is provided.
In some aspects, the mixture of glycerol esters contains glycerol diester, glycerol monoester, and glycerol triester in a weight ratio of about 4:6 to about 99.9:0.1 glycerol diester to glycerol mono- and triester. In some aspects, the ratio of glycerol diester to glycerol mono- and triester is about 4:6 to about 8:2, alternatively about 6:4 to about 9:1, alternatively 7:3 to about 99.9:0.1. In some aspects, the glycerol ester component is not a mixture and comprises pure diglyceride.
The synthetic methods used to produce glycerol esters generally yield a mixture of products—glycerol, glycerol monoester, glycerol diester, and glycerol triester. Applicants have discovered that mixtures of glycerol esters comprising an increased concentration of glycerol diester, e.g., at least about 40%, have improved properties, for example, softening, formulation viscosity, biodegradability, or performance of delivery of a perfume benefit. Applicants have found that glycerol monoesters, which are more soluble in water than glycerol diesters, tend to be washed away rather than deposit on fabric, in a wash or rinse cycle. Applicants have also found that glycerol triesters, which are highly hydrophobic and insoluble in water, tend to be difficult to emulsify and formulate and are less effective than glycerol diesters in regard to fabric softening. Glycerol diesters are less likely to wash away in a wash or rinse cycle and can easily be emulsified and formulated into a product for fabric softening. Without being bound to theory, it is believed that the hydroxyl groups of glycerol diester molecules hydrogen bond and assemble on fabric, thereby providing improved softening to the fabric.
Glycerol esters may be obtained by a number of known synthetic methods, including an esterification reaction and a glycerolysis reaction, which are described below. The reactions are performed under the production conditions known in the art. An acidic catalyst may be used in the esterification reaction. Acidic catalysts include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. Esterification may also take place without a catalyst.
Esterification
In the esterification reaction above, R is as defined above. The molar ratio of glycerol to fatty acid may be selected in such a manner that the reaction yields an increased concentration of glycerol diester, versus glycerol, glycerol monoester, and glycerol triester. For example, when using stearic acid as the fatty acid, a mole ratio of 33% glycerol and 67% stearic acid will statistically yield a mixture of glycerol, glycerol monostearate, glycerol distearate, and glycerol tristearate at a weight percent ratio of 0.5%:12.5%:44.2%:42.8%.
In addition to glycerol, other polyhydric alcohols may also be used in the esterification reaction to yield various polyhydric alcohol esters. For example, erythritol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, or sorbitan may be used. These polyhydric alcohols may be used either alone or in the form of a mixture of at least two of them.
Examples of the fatty acids to be used in the above method include capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid; and fatty acids obtained from unhardened or hardened animal fats (for example, beef tallow and lard), palm oil, rapeseed oil and fish oil. These fatty acids may be used either alone or in the form of a mixture of at least two of them.
Glycerolysis/Transesterification
In the glycerolysis/transesterification reaction above, R is as defined above. In the reaction, glycerol triester, glycerol diester, and/or glycerol monoester is reacted with glycerol. Various basic catalysts may be used in the glycerolysis/transesterification reaction, including NaOH, KOH, NaOCH3, KOCH3 or the like. Acid catalysts may also be used. As with the esterification reaction described above, the molar ratio of the reactants in the glycerolysis/transesterification reaction may be selected in such a manner that the reaction yields an increased concentration of glycerol diester, versus glycerol, glycerol monoester, and glycerol triester.
In addition to glycerol monoester, glycerol diester, glycerol triester, and glycerol, other fatty acid esters and other polyhydric alcohols may be used to yield various polyhydric alcohol esters. Examples of the fatty acid esters that can be used in the glycerolysis/transesterification reaction include esters of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, xylitol, sorbitol and sorbitan with the fatty acids described above in the esterification reaction. Examples of other polyhydric alcohols are also described above the esterification reaction.
Other synthetic methods for making glycerol esters are known, including an interesterification reaction. Additional synthetic methods used to produce glycerol esters and other polyhydric alcohol esters are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,498,350, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Furthermore, there are additional methods of increasing the yield of glycerol diester, versus glycerol, glycerol monoester, and glycerol triester. As noted above, the molar ratio of the reactants in the above-described reactions may be selected in such a manner that the reaction yields an increased concentration of glycerol diester, versus glycerol, glycerol monoester, and glycerol triester. Additionally, a diglyceride-enriched product may be produced via distillation, crystallization, solvent extraction, or chromatography of reaction products. Specialized catalysts, e.g., lipase, may also be used to produce a diglyceride-enriched product. Finally, a diglyceride-enriched product may be produced through careful control of reaction conditions, e.g., temperature, mole ratio, time, mixing conditions, and the use of parallel processes such as distillation, in any of the synthesis methods used to produce glycerol ester.
In one aspect, the fabric softening composition may comprise, based on total weight of the composition, from about 2% to about 50%, or from about 4% to about 40%, or from about 4% to about 30% of a mixture of glycerol esters.
The disclosed compositions may include additional components. The following is a non-limiting list of suitable additional components.
Delivery Enhancing Agent
The compositions may comprise a “delivery enhancing agent.” As used herein, such term refers to any polymer or combination of polymers that significantly enhance the deposition of the fabric care benefit agent onto the fabric during laundering. In one aspect, the fabric treatment composition may comprise from about 0.01% to about 10%, from about 0.05 to about 5%, or from about 0.15 to about 3% of a deposition aid. Suitable deposition aids are disclosed in, for example, the U.S. publication of patent application Ser. No. 12/080,358.
In order to drive the fabric care benefit agent onto the fabric, the net charge of the delivery enhancing agent is preferably positive in order to overcome the repulsion between the fabric care benefit agent and the fabric since most fabrics are comprised of textile fibers that have a slightly negative charge in aqueous environments. Examples of fibers exhibiting a slightly negative charge in water include but are not limited to cotton, rayon, silk, wool, etc.
Preferably, the delivery enhancing agent is a cationic or amphoteric polymer. The amphoteric polymers of the present invention will also have a net cationic charge, i.e. the total cationic charges on these polymers will exceed the total anionic charge. The cationic charge density of the polymer ranges from about 0.05 milliequivalents/g to about 23 milliequivalents/g. The charge density is calculated by dividing the number of net charge per repeating unit by the molecular weight of the repeating unit. In one embodiment, the charge density varies from about 0.05 milliequivants/g to about 8 milliequivalents/g. The positive charges could be on the backbone of the polymers or the side chains of polymers.
Nonlimiting examples of deposition enhancing agents are cationic or amphoteric polysaccharides, proteins and synthetic polymers.
a. Cationic Polysaccharides:
Cationic polysaccharides include but not limited to cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic guar gum derivatives, chitosan and derivatives and cationic starches. Cationic polysacchrides have a molecular weight from about 50,000 to about 2 million, preferably from about 100,000 to about 1,500,000.
One group of preferred cationic polysaccharides is shown below:
wherein R1, R2, R3 are each independently H, C1-24 alkyl (linear or branched),
wherein n is from about 0 to about 10; Rx is H, C1-24 alkyl (linear or branched) or
or mixtures thereof, wherein Z is a water soluble anion, preferably chloride, bromide iodide, hydroxide, phosphate sulfate, methyl sulfate and acetate; R5 is selected from H, or C1-C6 alkyl or mixtures thereof; R7, R8 and R9 are selected from H, or C1-C28 alkyl, benzyl or substituted benzyl or mixtures thereof.
R4 is H or —(P)m—H, or mixtures thereof; wherein P is a repeat unit of an addition polymer formed by a cationic monomer. In one embodiment, the cationic monomer is selected from methacrylamidotrimethylammonium chloride, dimethyl diallyl ammonium having the formula:
which results in a polymer or co-polymer having units with the formula:
wherein Z′ is a water-soluble anion, preferably chloride, bromide iodide, hydroxide, phosphate sulfate, methyl sulfate and acetate or mixtures thereof and m is from about 1 to about 100. Alkyl substitution on the saccharide rings of the polymer ranges from about 0.01% to 5% per sugar unit, more preferably from about 0.05% to 2% per glucose unit, of the polymeric material.
Preferred cationic polysaccahides include cationic hydroxyalkyl celluloses. Examples of cationic hydroxyalkyl cellulose include those with the INCI name Polyquaternium10 such as those sold under the trade names Ucare Polymer JR 30M, JR 400, JR125, LR 400 and LK 400 polymers; Polyquaternium 67 sold under the trade name Softcat SK™, all of which are marketed byAmerchol Corporation Edgewater N.J.; and Polyquaternium 4 sold under the trade name Celquat H200 and Celquat L-200 available from National Starch and Chemical Company, Bridgewater, N.J. Other preferred polysaccharides include hydroxyethyl cellulose or hydroxypropylcellulose quaternized with glycidyl C12-C22 alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. Examples of such polysaccahrides include the polymers with the INCI names Polyquaternium 24 sold under the trade name Quaternium LM 200, PG-Hydroxyethylcellulose Lauryldimonium Chloride sold under the trade name Crodacel LM, PG-Hydroxyethylcellulose Cocodimonium Chloride sold under the trade name Crodacel QM and, PG-Hydroxyethylcellulose stearyldimonium Chloride sold under the trade name Crodacel QS and alkyldimethylammonium hydroxypropyl oxyethyl cellulose.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cationic polymer comprises cationic starch. These are described by D. B. Solarek in Modified Starches, Properties and Uses published by CRC Press (1986) and in U.S. Pat. No. 7,135,451, col. 2, line 33—col. 4, line 67. In another embodiment, the cationic starch of the present invention comprises amylose at a level of from about 0% to about 70% by weight of the cationic starch. In yet another embodiment, when the cationic starch comprises cationic maize starch, said cationic starch comprises from about 25% to about 30% amylose, by weight of the cationic starch. The remaining polymer in the above embodiments comprises amylopectin.
A third group of preferred polysaccahrides are cationic galactomanans, such as cationic guar gums or cationic locust bean gum. Example of cationic guar gum is a quaternary ammonium derivative of Hydroxypropyl Guar sold under the trade name Jaguar C13 and Jaguar Excel available from Rhodia, Inc of Cranburry N.J. and N-Hance by Aqualon, Wilmington, Del.
b. Synthetic Cationic Polymers
Cationic polymers in general and their method of manufacture are known in the literature. For example, a detailed description of cationic polymers can be found in an article by M. Fred Hoover that was published in the Journal of Macromolecular Science-Chemistry, A4(6), pp 1327-1417, October, 1970. The entire disclosure of the Hoover article is incorporated herein by reference. Other suitable cationic polymers are those used as retention aids in the manufacture of paper. They are described in “Pulp and Paper, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Volume III edited by James Casey (1981). The Molecular weight of these polymers is in the range of 2000-5 million. The synthetic cationic polymers of this invention will be better understood when read in light of the Hoover article and the Casey book, the present disclosure and the Examples herein.
i. Addition Polymers
Synthetic polymers include but are not limited to synthetic addition polymers of the general structure
wherein R1, R2, and Z are defined herein below. Preferably, the linear polymer units are formed from linearly polymerizing monomers. Linearly polymerizing monomers are defined herein as monomers which under standard polymerizing conditions result in a linear or branched polymer chain or alternatively which linearly propagate polymerization. The linearly polymerizing monomers of the present invention have the formula:
however, those of skill in the art recognize that many useful linear monomer units are introduced indirectly, inter alia, vinyl amine units, vinyl alcohol units, and not by way of linearly polymerizing monomers. For example, vinyl acetate monomers once incorporated into the backbone are hydrolyzed to form vinyl alcohol units. For the purposes of the present invention, linear polymer units may be directly introduced, i.e. via linearly polymerizing units, or indirectly, i.e. via a precursor as in the case of vinyl alcohol cited herein above.
Each R1 is independently hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, —ORa, or —C(O)OR, wherein Ra is selected from hydrogen, and C1-C24 alkyl and mixtures thereof. Preferably R1 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, or —ORa. or —C(O)ORa
Each R2 is independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, C1-C12 alkyl, —ORa, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, carbocyclic, heterocyclic, and mixtures thereof. Preferred R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, and mixtures thereof.
Each Z is independently hydrogen, halogen; linear or branched C1-C30 alkyl, nitrilo, N(R3)2—C(O)N(R3)2; —NHCHO (formamide);
—OR3, —O(CH2)nN(R3)2, —O(CH2)nN+(R3)3X−. —C(O)OR4; —C(O)N—(R3)2
—C(O)O(CH2)nN(R3)2, —C(O)O(CH2)nN+(R3)3X−, —OCO(CH2)nN(R3)2, —OCO(CH2)nN+(R3)3X−,
—C(O)NH—(CH2)nN(R3)2, —C(O)NH(CH2)nN+(R3)3X−, —(CH2)nN(R3)2, —(CH2)nN+(R3)3X−,
Z can also be selected from non-aromatic nitrogen heterocycle comprising a quaternary ammonium ion, heterocycle comprising an N-oxide moiety, an aromatic nitrogen containing heterocyclic wherein one or more or the nitrogen atoms is quaternized; an aromatic nitrogen containing heterocycle wherein at least one nitrogen is an N-oxide; or mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of addition polymerizing monomers comprising a heterocyclic Z unit includes 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-vinylimidazole, quaternized vinyl imidazole, 2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene-1,2-epoxide, and 2-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine N-oxide, 4-vinylpyridine 4-vinylpyridine N-oxide.
A non-limiting example of a Z unit which can be made to form a cationic charge in situ is the —NHCHO unit, formamide. The formulator can prepare a polymer or co-polymer comprising formamide units some of which are subsequently hydrolyzed to form vinyl amine equivalents.
The polymers and co-polymers of the present invention comprise Z units which have a cationic charge or which result in a unit which forms a cationic charge in situ. When the co-polymers of the present invention comprise more than one Z unit, for example, Z1, Z2, . . . Zn units, at least about 1% of the monomers which comprise the co-polymers will comprise a cationic unit.
The polymers or co-polymers of the present invention can comprise one or more cyclic polymer units which are derived from cyclically polymerizing monomers. Cyclically polymerizing monomers are defined herein as monomers which under standard polymerizing conditions result in a cyclic polymer residue as well as serving to linearly propagate polymerization. Preferred cyclically polymerizing monomers of the present invention have the formula:
wherein each R4 is independently an olefin comprising unit which is capable of propagating polymerization in addition to forming a cyclic residue with an adjacent R4 unit; R5 is C1-C12 linear or branched alkyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, and mixtures thereof; X is a water soluble anion.
Non-limiting examples of R4 units include allyl and alkyl substituted allyl units. Preferably the resulting cyclic residue is a six-member ring comprising a quaternary nitrogen atom.
R5 is preferably C1-C4 alkyl, preferably methyl.
An example of a cyclically polymerizing monomer is dimethyl diallyl ammonium having
which results in a polymer or co-polymer having units with the formula:
wherein preferably the index z is from about 10 to about 50,000.
Nonlimiting examples of preferred polymers according to the present invention include copolymers made from one or more cationic monomers selected from the group consisting
And optionally a second monomer selected from a group consisting of acrylamide, N,N-dialkyl acrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N-dialkylmethacrylamide, C1-C12 alkyl acrylate, C1-C12 hydroxyalkyl acrylate, polyalkylene glyol acrylate, C1-C12 alkyl methacrylate, C1-C12 hydroxyalkyl methacrylate, polyalkylene glycol methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, vinyl formamide, vinyl acetamide, vinyl alkyl ether, vinyl pyridine, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl imidazole and derivatives, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, acrylamidopropylmethane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and their salts
The polymer may optionally be cross-linked. Crosslinking monomers include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycoldiacrylatate, divinylbenzene, butadiene.
Preferred cationic monomers include N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate, N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAM), [2-(methacryloylamino)ethyl]tri-methylammonium chloride (QDMAM), N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPA), N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA), acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), quaternized vinyl imidazole and diallyldimethylammonium chloride and derivatives thereof.
Preferred second monomers include acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, C1-C4 alkyl acrylate, C1-C4 hydroxyalkylacrylate, vinyl formamide, vinyl acetate, and vinyl alcohol. Most preferred nonionic monomers are acrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), hydroxypropyl acrylate and derivative thereof,
The most preferred synthetic polymers are poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(acrylamide-methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride), poly(acrylamide-co-N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), poly(acrylamide-co-N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), poly(hydroxyethylacrylate-co-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), poly(hydroxpropylacrylate-co-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), poly(hydroxpropylacrylate-co-methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride), poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid), poly(acrylamide-methacrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid),
ii. Polyethyleneimine and its Derivatives
These are commercially available under the trade name Lupasol ex. BASF AG of Ludwigschaefen, Germany. In one embodiment, the polyethylene derivative is an amide derivative of polyetheyleneimine sold under the trade name Lupoasol SK. Also included are alkoxylated polyethleneimine; alkyl polyethyleneimine and quaternized polyethyleneimine.
iii. Polyamidoamine-Epichlorohydrin (PAE) Resins
PAE resins are condensation products of polyalkylenepolyamine with polycarboxylc acid. The most common PAE resins are the condensation products of diethylenetriamine with adipic acid followed by a subsequent reaction with epichlorohydrin. They are available from Hercules Inc. of Wilmington Del. under the trade name Kymene or from BASF A.G. under the trade name Luresin. These polymers are described in Wet Strength resins and their applications edited by L. L. Chan, TAPPI Press(1994).
The deposition assisting polymer has a charge density of about 0.01 to about 23.0 milliequivalents/g (meq/g) of dry polymer, preferably about 0.05 to about 8 meq/g. For polymers with amine monomers, the charge density depends on the pH of the carrier. For these polymers, charge density is measured at a pH of 7.
The weight-average molecular weight of the polymer will generally be between 10,000 and 5,000,000, preferably from 100,000 to 2,000,000 and even more preferably from 200,000 and 1,500,000, as determined by size exclusion chromatography relative to polyethyleneoxide standards with RI detection. The mobile phase used is a solution of 20% methanol in 0.4M MEA, 0.1 M NaNO3, 3% acetic acid on a Waters Linear Ultrandyrogel column, 2 in series. Columns and detectors are kept at 40° C. Flow is set to 0.5 mL/min.
In another aspect, the delivery enhancing agent may comprise at least one polymer formed from the polymerisation of a) a water soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or blend of monomers comprising at least one cationic monomer and at least one non-ionic monomer;
wherein the cationic monomer is a compound according to formula (I):
wherein:
RI is chosen from hydrogen or methyl, preferably hydrogen;
R2 is chosen hydrogen, or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably hydrogen;
R3 is chosen C1-C4 alkylene, preferably ethylene;
R4, R5, and R6 are each independently chosen from hydrogen, or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably methyl;
X is chosen from —O—, or —NH—, preferably —O—; and
Y is chosen from Cl, Br, I, hydrogensulfate, or methosulfate, preferably Cl.
wherein the non-ionic monomer is a compound of formula (II):
wherein:
R7 is chosen from hydrogen or methyl, preferably hydrogen;
R8 is chosen from hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably hydrogen; and
R9 and R10 are each independently chosen from hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl, preferably methyl, b) at least one cross-linking agent in an amount from 0.5 ppm to 1000 ppm by the weight of component a), and c) at least one chain transfer agent in the amount of greater than 10 ppm relative to component a), preferably from 1200 ppm to 10,000 ppm, more preferably from 1,500 ppm to 3,000 ppm (as described in the U.S. patent application claiming the benefit of Provisional Application No. 61/320,032).
One aspect of the invention provides for fabric care compositions comprising a silicone. The term silicone is used herein in the broadest sense to include a silicone or silicone comprising compound that imparts a desirable benefit to fabric (upon using a fabric care composition of the present invention). “Silicone” preferably refers to emulsified and/or microemulsified silicones, including those that are commercially available and those that are emulsified and/or microemulsified in the composition, unless otherwise described.
In one embodiment, the silicone is a polydialkylsilicone, alternatively a polydimethyl silicone
(polydimethyl siloxane or “PDMS”), or a derivative thereof. In another embodiment, the silicone is chosen from an aminofunctional silicone, alkyloxylated silicone, ethoxylated silicone, propoxylated silicone, ethoxylated/propoxylated silicone, quaternary silicone, or combinations thereof. Levels of silicone in the fabric care composition may include from about 0.01% to about 20%, alternatively from about 0.1% to about 10%, alternatively from about 0.25% to about 5%, alternatively from about 0.4% to about 3%, alternatively from about 1% to about 5%, alternatively from about 1% to about 4%, alternatively from about 2% to about 3%, by weight of the fabric care composition.
Some non-limiting examples of silicones that are useful in the present invention include aminofunctional silicones as disclosed in the US application claiming the benefit of Provisional Application No. 61/221,670.
Some non-limiting examples of silicones that are useful in the present invention are: non-volatile silicone fluids such as polydimethyl siloxane gums and fluids; volatile silicone fluid which can be a cyclic silicone fluid of the formula [(CH3)2 SIO]n where n ranges between about 3 to about 7, preferably about 5, or a linear silicone polymer fluid having the formula (CH3)3 SiO[(CH3)2SiO]mSi(CH3)3 where m can be 0 or greater and has an average value such that the viscosity at 25° C. of the silicone fluid is preferably about 5 centistokes or less.
One type of silicone that may be useful in the composition of the present invention is polyalkyl silicone with the following structure:
A—(Si(R2)—O—[Si(R2)—O—]q—Si(R2)—A
The alkyl groups substituted on the siloxane chain (R) or at the ends of the siloxane chains (A) can have any structure as long as the resulting silicones remain fluid at room temperature.
Each R group preferably is alkyl, hydroxy, or hydroxyalkyl group, and mixtures thereof, having less than about 8, preferably less than about 6 carbon atoms, more preferably, each R group is methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy group, and mixtures thereof. Most preferably, each R group is methyl. Aryl, alkylaryl and/or arylalkyl groups are not preferred. Each A group which blocks the ends of the silicone chain is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, propoxy, and mixtures thereof, preferably methyl. q is preferably an integer from about 7 to about 8,000.
One type of silicones include polydimethyl siloxanes and preferably those polydimethyl siloxanes having a viscosity of from about 10 to about 1000,000 centistokes at 25° C. Mixtures of volatile silicones and non-volatile polydimethyl siloxanes are also preferred. Preferably, the silicones are hydrophobic, non-irritating, non-toxic, and not otherwise harmful when applied to fabric or when they come in contact with human skin. Further, the silicones are compatible with other components of the composition are chemically stable under normal use and storage conditions and are capable of being deposited on fabric.
Other useful silicone materials, may include materials of the formula:
HO—[Si(CH3)2—O]x—{Si(OH)[(CH2)3—NH—(CH2)2—NH2]O}y—H
wherein x and y are integers which depend on the molecular weight of the silicone, preferably having a viscosity of from about 10,000 cst to about 500,000 est at 25° C. This material is also known as “amodimethicone”. Although silicones with a high number, e.g., greater than about 0.5 millimolar equivalent of amine groups can be used, they are not preferred because they can cause fabric yellowing.
Similarly, silicone materials which may be used correspond to the formulas:
(R1)aG3-a—Si—(—OSiG2)n—(OSiGb(R1)2-b)m—O—SiG3-a(R1)a
wherein G is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, OH, and/or C1-5 alkyl; a denotes 0 or an integer from 1 to 3; b denotes 0 or 1; the sum of n+m is a number from 1 to about 2,000; R1 is a monovalent radical of formula CpH2p L in which p is an integer from 2 to 4 and L is selected from the group consisting of:
R3—N+(CH3)2—Z—[Si(CH3)2—O]f—Si(CH3)2—Z—N+(CH3)2—R3.2CH3COO−
wherein
In the formulas herein, each definition is applied individually and averages are included.
Another silicone material may include those of the following formula:
(CH3)3—Si—[OSi(CH3)2]n—{—O—Si(CH3)[(CH2)3—NH—(CH2)2—NH2]}mOSi(CH3)3
wherein n and m are the same as before. The preferred silicones of this type are those which do not cause fabric discoloration.
Further non-limiting examples of silicones that are useful in the present invention include silicone polyethers with urethane as disclosed in the U.S. publication of Ser. No. 12/752,860.
In one embodiment, the silicone is an organosiloxane polymer. Non-limiting examples of such silicones include U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,815,069; 7,153,924; 7,321,019; 7,427,648.
Alternatively, the silicone material can be provided as a moiety or a part of a non-silicone molecule. Examples of such materials are copolymers containing silicone moieties, typically present as block and/or graft copolymers. Further examples of such materials are disclosed in the U.S. patent application claiming the benefit of Provisional Application No. 61/320,133 and the U.S. patent application claiming the benefit of Provisional Application No. 61/320,141.
One aspect of the invention provides for fabric care compositions comprising a perfume. As used herein the term “perfume” is used to indicate any odoriferous material that is subsequently released into the aqueous bath and/or onto fabrics contacted therewith. The perfume will most often be liquid at ambient temperatures. A wide variety of chemicals are known for perfume uses, including materials such as aldehydes, ketones, and esters. More commonly, naturally occurring plant and animal oils and exudates comprising complex mixtures of various chemical components are known for use as perfumes. The perfumes herein can be relatively simple in their compositions or can comprise highly sophisticated complex mixtures of natural and synthetic chemical components, all chosen to provide any desired odor. Examples of perfumes are described, for example, in US 2005/0202990 A 1, from paragraphs 47 to 81. Examples of neat perfumes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,500,138; 5,500,154; 6,491,728; 5,500,137 and 5,780,404. Perfume fixatives and/or perfume carrier materials may also be included. US 2005/0202990 A1, from paragraphs 82-139. Suitable perfume delivery systems, methods of making certain perfume delivery systems and the uses of such perfume delivery systems are disclosed in USPA 2007/0275866 A1. In one embodiment, the fabric care composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 5%, alternatively from about 0.5% to about 3%, or from about 0.5% to about 2%, or from about 1% to about 2% neat perfume by weight of the fabric care composition.
In one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprises perfume oil encapsulated in a perfume microcapsule (PMC), preferable a friable PMC. Suitable perfume microcapsules may include those described in the following references: US 2003-215417 A1; US 2003-216488 A1; US 2003-158344 A 1; US 2003-165692 A1; US 2004-071742 A 1; US 2004-071746 A1; US 2004-072719 A 1; US 2004-072720 A1; EP 1393706 A 1; US 2003-203829 A 1; US 2003-195133 A1; US 2004-087477 A1; US 2004-0106536 A1; US 2008-0305982 A1; US 2009-0247449 A 1; U.S. Pat. No. 6,645,479; U.S. Pat. No. 6,200,949; U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,842; U.S. Pat. No. 4,882,220; U.S. Pat. No. 4,917,920; U.S. Pat. No. 4,514,461; U.S. Pat. No. 4,234,627; U.S. Pat. No. 4,081,384; U.S. RE 32713; U.S. Pat. No. 4,234,627; U.S. Pat. No. 7,119,057. In another embodiment, the perfume microcapsule comprises a friable microcapsule. In another embodiment, the shell comprising an aminoplast copolymer, esp. melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde or cross-linked melamine formaldehyde or the like. Capsules may be obtained from Appleton Papers Inc., of Appleton, Wis. USA. Formaldehyde scavengers may also be used.
The compositions may optionally contain from about 0.01% to about 10%, or from about 2% to about 7%, or from about 3% to about 5%, by weight the composition, of a fatty acid, wherein, in one aspect, the fatty acid may comprise from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms. The fatty acid may comprise from about 1 to about 10 ethylene oxide units in the hydrocarbon chain. Suitable fatty acids may be saturated and/or unsaturated and can be obtained from natural sources such a plant or animal esters (e.g., palm kernel oil, palm oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, safflower oil, tall oil, castor oil, tallow and fish oils, grease, or mixtures thereof), or synthetically prepared (e.g., via the oxidation of petroleum or by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide via the Fisher Tropsch process). Examples of suitable saturated fatty acids for use in the compositions include capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic and behenic acid. Suitable unsaturated fatty acid species include: palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and ricinoleic acid. Examples of fatty acids are saturated C12 fatty acid, saturated C12-C14 fatty acids, and saturated or unsaturated C12 to C18 fatty acids, and mixtures thereof.
The compositions may contain from about 0.1%, to about 10%, by weight of dispersants. Suitable water-soluble organic materials are the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid may contain at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms. The dispersants may also be alkoxylated derivatives of polyamines, and/or quaternized derivatives thereof such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,597,898, 4,676,921, 4,891,160, 4,659,802 and 4,661,288.
The dispersants may also be materials according to Formula (I):
wherein R1 is C6 to C22 alkyl, branched or unbranched, alternatively C12 to C18 alkyl, branched or unbranched. R2 is nil, methyl, or —(CH2CH2O)y, wherein y is from 2 to 20. When R2 is nil, the Nitrogen will be protonated. x is also from 2 to 20. Z is a suitable anionic counterion, preferably selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, and nitrate, more preferably chloride or methyl sulfate.
In one embodiment, the dispersant is according to Formula (II):
wherein x is from 2 to 20, and wherein R1 is C6 to C22 alkyl, branched or unbranched, preferably C12 to C18 alkyl, branched or unbranched, and wherein n is 1 or 2. When n is 2, there is an anion. Z is a suitable anionic counterion, preferably selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, and nitrate, more preferably chloride or methyl sulfate. When n is 1, there is no anion present under acidic conditions. An example of such a material is alkyl polyglycol ether ammonium methylchloride sold under the product name, for example, Berol 648 from Akzo Nobel.
In another embodiment, the dispersant is one according to Formula (III):
wherein x and y are each independently selection from 2 to 20, and wherein RI is C6 to C22 alkyl, branched or unbranched, preferably unbranched. In one embodiment, X+Y is from 2 to 40, preferably from 10 to 20. Z is a suitable anionic counterion, preferably chloride or methyl sulfate. An example of such a material is cocoalkylmethyl ethoxylated ammonium chloride sold under the product name, for example, ETHOQUAD C 25 from Akzo Nobel.
Another aspect of the invention provides for a method of making a perfumed fabric care composition comprising the step of adding the concentrated perfume composition of the present invention to a composition comprising one or more fabric softening actives, wherein preferably the composition comprising the fabric softening active is free or substantially free of a perfume.
The concentrated perfume composition is combined with the composition comprising fabric softening active(s) such that the final fabric softener composition comprises at least 1.5%, alternatively at least 1.7%, or 1.9%, or 2%, or 2.1%, or 2.3%, or 2.5%, or 2.7% or 3%, or from 1.5% to 3.5%, or combinations thereof, of concentrated perfume composition by weight of the final fabric softener composition.
The perfumed fabric care composition comprises a weight ratio of perfume to amphiphile of at least 3 to 1, alternatively 4:1, or 5:1, or 6:1, or 7:1, or 8:1, or 9:1, or 10:1, alternatively not greater than 100:1, respectively.
Compositions of the present invention may contain a structurant or structuring agent. Suitable levels of this component are in the range from about 0.01% to 10%, preferably from 0.01% to 5%, and even more preferably from 0.01% to 3% by weight of the composition. The structurant serves to stabilize silicone polymers and perfume microcapsules in the inventive compositions and to prevent it from coagulating and/or creaming. This is especially important when the inventive compositions have fluid form, as in the case of liquid or the gel-form fabric enhancer compositions.
Structurants suitable for use herein can be selected from gums and other similar polysaccharides, for example gellan gum, carrageenan gum, xanthan gum, Diutan gum (ex. CP Kelco) and other known types of structurants such as Rheovis CDE (ex. BASF), Alcogum L-520 (ex. Alco Chemical), and Sepigel 305 (ex. SEPPIC).
One preferred structurant is a crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizing agent, more preferably still, a trihydroxystearin, hydrogenated oil or a derivative thereof.
Without intending to be limited by theory, the crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizing agent is a nonlimiting example of a “thread-like structuring system” (“thread-like structuring systems” are described in detail in Solomon, M. J. and Spicer, P. T., “Microstructural Regimes of Colloidal Rod Suspensions, Gels, and Glasses,” Soft Matter (2010)). “Thread-like Structuring System” as used herein means a system comprising one or more agents that are capable of providing a physical network that reduces the tendency of materials with which they are combined to coalesce and/or phase split. Examples of the one or more agents include crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizing agents and/or hydrogenated jojoba. Surfactants are not included within the definition of the thread-like structuring system. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the thread-like structuring system forms a fibrous or entangled threadlike network. The thread-like structuring system has an average aspect ratio of from 1.5:1, preferably from at least 10:1, to 200:1.
The thread-like structuring system can be made to have a viscosity of 0.002 m2/s (2,000 centistokes at 20° C.) or less at an intermediate shear range (5 s−1 to 50 s−1) which allows for the pouring of the fabric enhancer composition out of a standard bottle, while the low shear viscosity of the product at 0.1 s−1 can be at least 0.002 m2/s (2,000 centistokes at 20° C.) but more preferably greater than 0.02 m2/s (20,000 centistokes at 20° C.). A process for the preparation of a thread-like structuring system is disclosed in WO 02/18528.
Other preferred structurants are uncharged, neutral polysaccharides, gums, celluloses, and polymers like polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides, polyacrylates and co-polymers, and the like.
The compositions may also include from about 0.0001%, from about 0.01%, from about 0.05% by weight of the compositions to about 10%, about 2%, or even about 1% by weight of the compositions of one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinyl imidazoles or mixtures thereof.
The compositions may contain less than about 5%, or from about 0.01% to about 3% of a chelant such as citrates; nitrogen-containing, P-free aminocarboxylates such as ethylenediamine disuccinate (EDDS), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA); aminophosphonates such as diethylenetriamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid and, ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonic acid; nitrogen-free phosphonates e.g., HEDP; and nitrogen or oxygen containing, P-free carboxylate-free chelants such as compounds of the general class of certain macrocyclic N-ligands such as those known for use in bleach catalyst systems.
The compositions may also comprise a brightener (also referred to as “optical brightener”) and may include any compound that exhibits fluorescence, including compounds that absorb UV light and reemit as “blue” visible light. Non-limiting examples of useful brighteners include: derivatives of stilbene or 4,4′-diaminostilbene, biphenyl, five-membered heterocycles such as triazoles, pyrazolines, oxazoles, imidiazoles, etc., or six-membered heterocycles (coumarins, naphthalamide, s-triazine, etc.). Cationic, anionic, nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic brighteners can be used. Suitable brighteners include those commercially marketed under the trade name Tinopal-UNPA-GX® by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation (High Point, N.C.).
Examples of other suitable components include alkoxylated benzoic acids or salts thereof such as trimethoxy benzoic acid or a salt thereof (TMBA); zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactants; enzyme stabilizing systems; coating or encapsulating agent including polyvinylalcohol film or other suitable variations, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose derivatives, starch, modified starch, sugars, PEG, waxes, or combinations thereof; soil release polymers; suds suppressors; dyes; colorants; salts such as sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride; photoactivators; hydrolyzable surfactants; preservatives; anti-oxidants; anti-shrinkage agents; other anti-wrinkle agents; germicides; fungicides; color speckles; colored beads, spheres or extrudates; sunscreens; fluorinated compounds; clays; pearlescent agents; luminescent agents or chemiluminescent agents; anti-corrosion and/or appliance protectant agents; alkalinity sources or other pH adjusting agents; solubilizing agents; processing aids; pigments; free radical scavengers, and combinations thereof. Suitable materials include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,705,464, 5,710,115, 5,698,504, 5,695,679, 5,686,014 and 5,646,101.
In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a concentrated fabric care potion that comprises a mixture of glycerol esters and a fabric softening active. The concentrated fabric care potion can be shipped safely from a remote facility to a new market safely and economically. The concentrated fabric care potion may also be easily hydrated with low, if any, capital investment in the new market. The concentrated fabric care potion may also be hydrated to an effective single rinse fabric care composition.
In some aspects, the concentrated fabric care potion consists essentially of or consists of a fabric softener active and a mixture of glycerol esters, wherein each glycerol ester in the mixture of glycerol esters has the structure of Formula I
wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of fatty acid ester moieties comprising carbon chains having a carbon chain length of from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms; —OH; and combinations thereof;
wherein the mixture of glycerol esters contains diglycerides, monoglycerides, and triglycerides in a weight ratio of about 4:6 to about 100:0 diglycerides to mono- and triglycerides; and
The concentrated fabric care potion generally comprises from about 1% to about 99%, alternatively from about 60% to about 98%, alternatively from about 75% to about 98%, of said fabric softening active by weight of the potion and from about 1% to about 99%, alternatively from about 60% to about 98%, alternatively from about 75% to about 98%, of said mixture of glycerol esters by weight of the composition.
In some aspects, the concentrated fabric care potion is substantially free of water. In certain aspects, the concentrated fabric care potion comprises less than about 6% water, alternatively less than about 3% water, alternatively less than about 1% water.
In another aspect, the concentrated fabric care potion is free or substantially free of adjunct ingredients. Non-limiting examples of an adjunct ingredient includes a perfume, dye, suds suppressor, or mixture thereof.
Another aspect of the invention provides for a method of making a fabric softener composition comprising the step of adding water to a concentrated fabric care potion of the present invention. In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of adding one or more adjunct ingredients. In one embodiment, the fabric softener composition is a single rinse fabric softener composition.
The fabric care compositions of the present invention may be used to treat fabric by administering a dose to a laundry washing machine or directly to fabric (e.g., spray). The compositions may be administered to a laundry washing machine during the rinse cycle or at the beginning of the wash cycle, typically during the rinse cycle. The fabric care compositions of the present invention may be used for handwashing as well as for soaking and/or pretreating fabrics. The fabric care composition may be in the form of a powder/granule, a bar, a pastille, foam, flakes, a liquid, a dispersible substrate, or as a coating on a dryer added fabric softener sheet. The composition may be administered to the washing machine as a unit dose or dispensed from a container (e.g., dispensing cap) containing multiple doses. An example of a unit dose is a composition encased in a water soluble polyvinylalcohol film.
The following non-limiting examples are illustrative. Percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified. While particular aspects have been illustrated and described, other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
200.0 g of Hydrofol 20 fatty acid (available from Evonik Industries), 33.5 g of glycerol and 3.5 g of para-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate are placed into 500 ml of toluene and refluxed for 16 hours while a stoichiometric amount of liberated water is continuously removed via a Dean-Stark apparatus. Nearly all of the toluene is removed under reduced pressure. About 500 ml of 2-propanol is added to the product and it is mostly removed under reduced pressure to yield an off-white solid at 98% in 2-propanol. Gas chromatography indicates about 1/80/10 monoglyceride/diglyceride/triglyceride weight ratio.
4000 g of Hydrofol 20 fatty acid (available from Evonik Industries), 670 g of glycerol and 69 g of para-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate are heated, under reduced pressure to remove water, for 16 hours at 120° C., yielding an off-white solid.
700.0 g of fully hydrogenated tallow (available from Ed Miniat Inc.), 37.4 g of glycerol and 0.8 g of sodium metal are heated for 16 hours at 130° C. The reaction is cooled to 80° C. and 3 g of acetic acid is added, yielding an off-white solid on cooling. Gas chromatography indicates about 4/55/41 monoglyceride/diglyceride/triglyceride weight ratio.
The following are non-limiting examples of the fabric care compositions of the present invention.
a N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride.
bGDE from Example 3.
cGDE from Example 1.
dCTMAC = cetyl trimethylammonium chloride
ePoly(ethylene imine) Epomin P1050 (ex Nippon Shokubai)
f Silicone antifoam agent available from Dow Corning ® under the trade name DC2310.
gDiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
h Perfume microcapsules available ex Appleton
a N,N-di(tallowoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride
b Reaction product of fatty acid with methyldiethanolamine in a molar ratio 1.5:1, quaternized with methylchloride, resulting in a 1:1 molar mixture of N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride and N-(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,-hydroxyethyl N,N dimethyl ammonium chloride.
c The reaction product of fatty acid with an iodine value of 20 with methyl/diisopropylamine in a molar ratio from about 1.86 to 2.1 fatty acid to amine and quaternized with methyl sulfate.
dGDE from Example 3.
eGDE from Example 1.
fCationic high amylose maize starch available from National Starch under the trade name HYLON VII ®.
gCationic polymer available from Ciba ® under the name Rheovis ® CDE.
h Perfume microcapsules available ex Appleton
i Copolymer of ethylene oxide and terephthalate having the formula described in US 5,574,179 at col. 15, lines 1-5, wherein each X is methyl, each n is 40, u is 4, each RI is essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties, each R2 is essentially ethylene, 1,2-propylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.
j SILFOAM ® SE 39 from Wacker Chemie AG.
k Diethylene triarnine pentaacetic acid.
l Koralonem ™ B-119 available from Dow.
m Silicone antifoam agent available from Dow Corning ® under the trade name DC2310.
n Polyethylene imines available from BASF under the trade name Lupasol ® or from Nippon Shokubai under the tradename Epomin ®
o Sedipur CL 541 or Sedipur CL544 from BASF
p Cationic acrylate acrylamide copolymer as described on page 25-26.
q Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion from Dow Corning ® under the trade name DC346.
r Non-ionic surfactant, such as TWEEN 20 ™ or TAE80 (tallow ethoxylated alcohol, with average degree of ethoxylation of 80), or cationic surfactant as Berol 648 and Ethoquad ® C 25 from Akzo Nobel.
s Organosiloxane polymer condensate made by reacting hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI), and a,w silicone diol and 1,3-propanediamine, N′-(3-(dimethylamino)propy1)-N,N-dimethyl-Jeffcat Z130) or N-(3-dimethylaminopropy1)-N,N diisopropanolamine (Jeffcat ZR50) commercially available from Wacker Silicones, Munich, Germany.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/418,626 filed Dec. 1, 2010, U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/418,594 filed December 1,2010, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/418,603 filed Dec. 1, 2010.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61418626 | Dec 2010 | US | |
| 61418594 | Dec 2010 | US | |
| 61418603 | Dec 2010 | US |
