The present invention relates to inkjet printers, and more particularly, to methods of making inkjet print heads.
Modern ink jet printers may produce photographic-quality images. An inkjet printer includes a number of orifices or nozzles spatially positioned in a printer cartridge. Ink is heated when an electrical pulse energizes a resistive element forming a thermal resistor. The ink resting above the thermal resistor is ejected through the orifice towards a printing medium, such as an underlying sheet of paper as a result of the applied electrical pulse.
The thermal resistor is typically formed as a thin film resistive material on a semiconductor substrate as part of a semiconductor chip, for example. Several thin film layers may be formed on the semiconductor chip, including a dielectric layer carried by the substrate, a resistive layer forming the thermal resistor, and an electrode layer that defines electrodes coupled to the resistive layer to which the pulse is applied to heat the thermal resistor and vaporize the ink.
A first phase of making a print head, which may include the components described above, may follow standard semiconductor processing techniques to form circuitry for controlling the inkjet print head. The control circuitry may be formed on a front side of a silicon wafer, for example, a silicon wafer having a <100> crystalline orientation and 675-725 micron thickness.
Once the circuit formation processing steps are completed, two additional phases for making a print head are typically followed. These phases are generally classified as micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) processing steps. One of these MEMS phases may include forming three-dimensional structures that function as inkjet chambers, which may be formed on the same side of the wafer as the control circuitry. The thermal resistor or heater, which is described above, may be carried by a floor of each inkjet chamber. Each inkjet chamber acts as a small room into which ink flows. A roof of each inkjet chamber typically includes an opening, which may be referred to as an orifice, bore, or nozzle plate, for example.
The other MEMS processing phase may include forming through-wafer ink channels to allow ink to flow from a reservoir or supply at the backside of the wafer to each inkjet chamber. This MEMS phase may be relatively expensive. For example, one method of forming the through-wafer ink channels is deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of silicon, which uses relatively expensive equipment and has a very low throughput. Another common method is laser cutting, which also uses relatively expensive equipment and has a very low throughput.
One technique for forming a through-wafer ink channel includes forming an ink feed slot in a substrate using a saw. More particularly, U.S. Pat. No. 7,966,728 to Buswell discloses using a circular cutting disk or saw positioned above a first surface of a substrate to cut a desired depth of the substrate.
A method of making a plurality of inkjet print heads may include forming, by sawing with a rotary saw blade, a plurality of continuous slotted recesses in a first surface of a wafer. The plurality of continuous slotted recesses may be arranged in parallel, spaced apart relation, and each continuous slotted recess may extend continuously across the first surface. The method may further include forming a plurality of discontinuous slotted recesses in a second surface of the wafer to be aligned and coupled in communication with the continuous slotted recesses to define a plurality of alternating through-wafer channels and residual slotted recess portions. The method may further include selectively filling the residual slotted recess portions to define a plurality of through-wafer ink channels. Accordingly, the inkjet print heads may be made more efficiently and with a reduced cost.
Forming the plurality of continuous slotted recesses may include forming the plurality of continuous slotted recesses before forming the plurality of discontinuous slotted recesses. In other embodiments, forming the plurality of discontinuous slotted recesses may include forming the plurality of discontinuous slotted recesses before forming the plurality of continuous slotted recesses.
Forming the plurality of discontinuous slotted recesses may include etching the plurality of discontinuous slotted recesses, for example. The method may further include forming a plurality of inkjet heaters and control circuitry on the wafer.
The method may further include forming at least one layer on the wafer to define a plurality of inkjet chambers. The at least one layer may have a plurality of inkjet orifices formed therein.
Filling may include filling with a dielectric material. The dielectric material may include a polymer, for example. The wafer may further include a silicon wafer.
A device aspect is directed to an inkjet print head that may include a silicon substrate having a plurality of continuous slotted recesses in a first surface. The plurality of continuous slotted recesses may be arranged in parallel, spaced apart relation, and each continuous slotted recess may extend continuously across the first surface. The silicon substrate may also have a plurality of discontinuous slotted recesses in a second surface aligned, and coupled in communication with the continuous slotted recesses to define a plurality of alternating through-wafer channels and residual slotted recess portions. The inkjet print head may also include a dielectric material filling the residual slotted recess portions to define a plurality of through-wafer ink channels.
The embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments are shown. The embodiments may, however, be in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout and prime notation is used to describe like elements in different embodiments.
Referring initially to
The orifices 24 are typically located at an inkjet print head 27 of the print head cartridge 20. In an example, the print head cartridge 20 may include 300 or more orifices 24, each orifice 24 having an associated inkjet chamber 30, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. During manufacture, many print heads 27 may be formed to be included on a single silicon wafer and separated. Such methods of making inkjet print heads are described in further detail below.
Referring now to the flowchart 60 in
At Block 66, the method includes forming discontinuous slotted recesses in a second surface of the wafer to be aligned and coupled in communication with the continuous slotted recesses to define alternating through-wafer channels and residual continuous slotted recess portions. The method further includes, at Block 68, selectively filling the residual continuous slotted recess portions to define a plurality of through-wafer ink channels 41 (
Referring now to the flowchart 80 in
The method also includes forming, at Block 86, a dielectric layer 47 and a substrate layer 48 on the wafer 30 to define inkjet chambers 49. In some embodiments, a single silicon substrate (i.e., layer) or second wafer may be formed on the wafer 30 to define the inkjet chambers 49. The substrate layer 48 has inkjet orifices 51 formed therein. Again, while a portion of a single inkjet print head 27 is illustrated, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the wafer 30 includes many inkjet print heads 27 as illustrated in
At Block 88, the method includes forming, by sawing with a rotary saw blade 31, continuous slotted recesses 32 in a first surface 33 of a wafer 30 (
The wafer 30 may be a silicon wafer or in some embodiments, a silicon substrate, for example. The continuous slotted recesses 32 are arranged in parallel, spaced apart relation. Each continuous slotted recess 32 extends continuously across the first surface 33 (
At Block 90, the method includes forming discontinuous slotted recesses 34 in a second surface 35 of the wafer 30 by etching. For example, the discontinuous slotted recesses 34 may be formed in the second surface 35 by a wet or dry or reactive ion etching, plasma etching, abrasive jet erosion, etc. Of course, the discontinuous slotted recesses 34 may be formed by other techniques.
The discontinuous slotted recesses 34 are formed to be aligned and coupled in communication with the continuous slotted recesses 32 to define alternating through-wafer channels 37 and residual slotted recess portions 38 (
The method includes, at Block 92, positioning a mask 36 over the through-wafer channels 37 (
The method further includes selectively filling the residual slotted recess portions 38 to define through-wafer ink channels 41 (Block 94 and
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the sawing reduces the overall strength of the wafer 30. Filling the residual slotted recess portions 38 with the dielectric material advantageously strengthens the wafer 40.
The through-wafer ink channels 41 are to be coupled to an ink supply 43, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art (
The cured polymer advantageously becomes part of the inkjet print head 27. Moreover, by filling the residual slotted recess portions 38, the wafer 30 may have increased strength, and may allow for easier processing of subsequent method steps, for example. It should be noted that for ease of explanation,
At Block 98, the wafer 30 is separated into inkjet print heads 27, for example, using silicon wafer dicing techniques as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The method ends at Block 100.
Referring now to the flowchart 80′ in
Many modifications and other embodiments will come to the mind of one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 13906466 | May 2013 | US |
Child | 14985984 | US |