Claims
- 1. A method of making a composite polymer of a molecularly doped polymer comprising:
mixing a liquid polymer precursor with molecular dopant forming a molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture; flash evaporating the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture forming a composite vapor; and cryocondensing the composite vapor on a cool substrate forming a cryocondensed composite molecularly doped polymer precursor layer and cross linking the cryocondensed composite molecularly doped polymer precursor layer thereby forming a layer of the composite polymer of the molecularly doped polymer.
- 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein flash evaporating comprises:
supplying a continuous liquid flow of the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture into a vacuum environment at a temperature below both the decomposition temperature and the polymerization temperature of the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture; continuously atomizing the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture into a continuous flow of droplets; and continuously vaporizing the droplets by continuously contacting the droplets on a heated surface having a temperature at or above a boiling point of the liquid polymer precursor and of the molecular dopant, but below a pyrolysis temperature, forming the composite vapor.
- 3. The method as recited in claim 2 wherein the molecular dopant has a boiling point below a temperature of the heated surface.
- 4. The method as recited in claim 2 wherein the droplets are selected from molecular dopant alone, molecular dopant surrounded by liquid polymer precursor, or liquid polymer precursor alone.
- 5. The method as recited in claim 2 wherein the droplets range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 50 micrometers.
- 6. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein flash evaporating comprises:
supplying a continuous liquid flow of the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture into a vacuum environment at a temperature below both the decomposition temperature and the polymerization temperature of the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture; and continuously directly vaporizing the liquid flow of the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture by continuously contacting the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture on a heated surface having a temperature at or above a boiling point of the liquid polymer precursor and of the molecular dopant, but below a pyrolysis temperature, forming the composite vapor.
- 7. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the molecular dopant is selected from light emitting molecular dopants, and charge transporting molecular dopants, and combinations thereof.
- 8. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the molecular dopant is selected from molecular dopant which is soluble in the polymer precursor, molecular dopant which is insoluble in the polymer precursor, and molecular dopant which is partially soluble in the polymer precursor, and combinations thereof.
- 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the molecular dopant is selected from organic solids, and organic liquids, and combinations thereof.
- 10. The method as recited in claim 9 wherein the molecular dopant is an organic solid selected from metal 8-quinolinolato chelates, triaryl amine derivatives, and quinacridone derivatives, and combinations thereof.
- 11. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the molecular dopant is soluble in the polymer precursor and wherein the molecular dopant is selected from metal tris (N-R 8-quinolinolato) chelates, wherein N is the substituent position and is between 2 and 7, and wherein R is H, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a fluorinated hydrocarbon group; and substituted tertiary aromatic amines; and combinations thereof.
- 12. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein the molecular dopant is sufficiently small that the settling rate of the molecular dopant within the liquid molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture is several times greater than the amount of time to transport a portion of the liquid molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture from a reservoir to an atomization nozzle.
- 13. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising agitating the liquid molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture.
- 14. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the polymer precursor is selected from (meth)acrylate polymer precursors, styrene polymer precursors, methyl styrene polymer precursors, epoxy polyamine polymer precursors, and phenolic polymer precursors, and combinations thereof.
- 15. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the polymer precursor is a (meth)acrylate polymer precursors selected from polyethylene glycol diacrylate 200, polyethylene glycol diacrylate 400, polyethylene glycol diacrylate 600, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol monoacrylate, and caprolactone acrylate, and combinations thereof.
- 16. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the cross linking is selected from radiation cross linking, ultraviolet cross linking, x-ray cross linking, electron beam cross linking, glow discharge ionization cross linking, and spontaneous thermally induced cross linking.
- 17. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising passing the composite vapor past a glow discharge electrode prior to cryocondensing.
- 18. An organic optoelectronic device comprising:
a first electrode; a hole transport layer; a luminescent layer; an active layer; and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the layers selected from the group consisting of the hole transport layer, the active layer, and the electron transport layer, and combinations thereof, comprises a crosslinked molecularly doped polymer layer.
- 19. The organic optoelectronic device of claim 18, further comprising a charge injection layer.
- 20. The organic optoelectronic device of claim 18, further comprising a hole blocking layer.
- 21. The organic optoelectronic device of claim 18, wherein the first electrode comprises a transparent conductive oxide.
- 22. The organic optoelectronic device of claim 18, wherein the second electrode comprises a metal cathode.
- 23. The organic optoelectronic device of claim 18, wherein the active layer is selected from light emitting layers, light absorbing layers, and electric current generating layers.
- 24. The organic optoelectronic device of claim 18, wherein the hole transport layer is the molecularly doped polymer layer and wherein a molecular dopant is selected from tertiary aromatic amines.
- 25. The organic optoelectronic device of claim 18, wherein the active layer is the molecularly doped polymer layer and wherein a molecular dopant is selected from metal (8-quinolinolato) chelates, quinacridone derivatives, and triaryl amine derivatives.
- 26. The organic optoelectronic device of claim 18, wherein the electron transport layer is the molecularly doped polymer layer and wherein a molecular dopant is selected from metal (8-quinolinolato) chelates.
- 27. A method of making an organic optoelectronic device comprising:
depositing a first electrode adjacent a substrate; depositing a hole transport layer adjacent the first electrode; depositing an active layer adjacent the hole transport layer; depositing an electron transport layer adjacent the active layer; and depositing a second electrode adjacent the electron transport layer, wherein at least one of the layers selected from the group consisting of the hole transport layer, the active layer, and the electron transport layer, and combinations thereof, comprises a crosslinked molecularly doped polymer layer.
- 28. The method of claim 27 wherein the molecularly doped polymer layer is made by:
mixing a liquid polymer precursor with molecular dopant forming a molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture; flash evaporating the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture forming a composite vapor; and cryocondensing the composite vapor on a cool substrate forming a cryocondensed composite molecularly doped polymer precursor layer and cross linking the cryocondensed composite molecularly doped polymer precursor layer thereby forming a layer of the composite polymer of the molecularly doped polymer.
- 29. The method of claim 27, further comprising depositing a charge injection layer adjacent to the first electrode before the hole injection layer is deposited.
- 30. The method of claim 27, further comprising depositing a hole blocking layer adjacent to the electron transport layer before the second electrode is deposited.
- 31. The method of claim 27, wherein the first electrode comprises a transparent conductive oxide.
- 32. The method of claim 27, wherein the second electrode comprises a metal cathode.
- 33. The method of claim 27, wherein the active layer is selected from light emitting layers, light absorbing layers, and electric current generating layers.
- 34. The method of claim 27, wherein the hole transport layer is the molecularly doped polymer layer and wherein a molecular dopant is selected from tertiary aromatic amines.
- 35. The method of claim 27, wherein the active layer is the molecularly doped polymer layer and wherein a molecular dopant is selected from metal (8-quinolinolato) chelates, quinacridone derivatives, and triaryl amine derivatives.
- 36. The method of claim 27, wherein the electron transport layer is the molecularly doped polymer layer and wherein a molecular dopant is selected from metal (8-quinolinolato) chelates.
- 37. The method as recited in claim 28, wherein flash evaporating comprises:
supplying a continuous liquid flow of the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture into a vacuum environment at a temperature below both the decomposition temperature and the polymerization temperature of the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture; continuously atomizing the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture into a continuous flow of droplets; and continuously vaporizing the droplets by continuously contacting the droplets on a heated surface having a temperature at or above a boiling point of the liquid polymer precursor and of the molecular dopant, but below a pyrolysis temperature, forming the composite vapor.
- 38. The method as recited in claim 37, wherein the molecular dopant has a boiling point below a temperature of the heated surface.
- 39. The method as recited in claim 37, wherein the droplets are selected from molecular dopant alone, molecular dopant surrounded by liquid polymer precursor, or liquid polymer precursor alone.
- 40. The method as recited in claim 37 wherein the droplets range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 50 micrometers.
- 41. The method as recited in claim 28 wherein flash evaporating comprises:
supplying a continuous liquid flow of the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture into a vacuum environment at a temperature below both the decomposition temperature and the polymerization temperature of the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture; and continuously directly vaporizing the liquid flow of the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture by continuously contacting the molecularly doped polymer precursor mixture on a heated surface having a temperature at or above a boiling point of the liquid polymer precursor and of the molecular dopant, but below a pyrolysis temperature, forming the composite vapor.
Parent Case Info
[0001] This application is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 09/212,926, entitled “Method of Making Light Emitting Polymer Composite Material” filed Dec. 16, 1998.
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09212926 |
Dec 1998 |
US |
Child |
09835505 |
Apr 2001 |
US |