Patent Application
20070149085
This invention relates to a method of making a cathode-ray tube having an internal conductive coating.
Cathode-ray tubes usually have a conductive internal coating on the interior walls, which functions to carry a high potential applied at the anode button. A common internal coating consists essentially of particulate graphite, particulate iron oxide, and an alkali silicate binder. Typically, the conductive internal coatings are applied to the walls of the tube by spraying, brushing, or flowcoating an aqueous coating composition. The coatings are dried and then baked in air. The tube is later exhausted and hermetically sealed. Subsequently, under some conditions of operation, arcs may be produced in the tube in the vicinity of the electron-gun mount assembly. Associated with these arcs is a surge of current in the internal coating which may damage external circuit components that are connected to the coating. It is desirable to limit the amount of arcing current passed by the internal conductive coating, at least to levels that do not damage any of the external circuit components.
Internal conductive coatings were initially applied by brushing or spraying. Both of these coating processes have the drawback of yielding coatings which can shed a detrimental quantity of particulate matter. Particulate matter has a propensity of causing arcing inside CRTs during tube operation and processing.
Some cathode ray tube manufacturers had begun to use flowcoating processes, because they gives rise to coating that shed fewer particles than traditionally applied coatings. Additionally, flowcoating is less wasteful than spraying since the runoff is collected and used to coat subsequent funnels. Essentially, flowcoating is a more target specific application method, yielding less waste.
Although the flowcoating process has the above-stated advantages over other application processes for the conductive internal coating, evaluation of flowcoating formulations have revealed they require careful process control and that even dilutions of concentrated flowcoating formulations have limited pot life. When stored in a concentrated dispersion, the flowcoating formulations only have a shelf life of up to about six months.
The commercial flowcoating formulations consist of a nonconducting oxide such as iron oxide or titanium dioxide, graphite, and a silicate binder. The oxides are typically milled in the presence of a dispersing agent and over time soluble silicate in the dispersion bridges the oxide particles causing flocculation. Up to this point only expensive forms of iron oxide made from the pyrolysis of iron pentacarbonyl give rise to a non-flocculating dispersion. Further, no commonly available calcined iron oxides has exhibited good dispersion stability.
As such, the need exists for a flowcoating, internal conductive coating formulation which does not easily flocculate.
The invention incorporates a method of manufacturing a CRT that comprises the application of an internal conductive coating formulation by a flowcoating process on a portion of an interior surface of a funnel and on an interior portion of a neck of the CRT. The formulation comprises iron oxide, graphite, a silicate, a copolymer, surfactant and water. The applied flowcoating formulation is dried on the portion of the interior surface of the funnel and on the interior portion of said neck, thereby forming a internal conductive coating which functions to carry a high potential applied at the anode button to the internal components of the CRT. In a preferred embodiment, the copolymer is a maleic copolymer.
The cathode-ray tube (CRT) illustrated in
The internal conductive coating according to the invention is applied by a flowcoating process. Flowcoating is advantageous because it is a low shear process. As such, flowcoating gives rise to films that shed fewer particles than those coatings applied by the traditional brushed or sprayed coatings. Particles tend to cause arcing that shortens tube life. Additionally, flowcoating is less wasteful than spraying since the runoff is collected and used to coat subsequent funnels. Further, flowcoating is a more target oriented application method than spraying, because during flowcoating the formulation is directly applied to only those areas of the CRT where the internal conductive coating 37 is intended to stay. The spray application on the other hand usually requires shielding to avoid inevitable errand portions of the sprayed formulation from landing on areas of the tube which are not the intended target of the spray. For these reasons tube manufacturers have been moving to flowcoating.
In spite of the known advantages of flowcoating, flowing coating formulations do require careful process control. Thus far, flowcoating formulations have exhibited limited pot life following dilution. As mentioned above, even when they are stored as a concentrate, they have a shelf life of only about six months. Various experiments using dispersing and antiflocculation agents exhibited flocculation when containing a calcined iron oxide and a soluble silicate. It is believed that the binding of silicate chains to acidic sites on the iron oxide particles causes bridging flocculation when the concentration ratio of iron oxide to silicate is less than some threshold value. A plausible explanation is that flocculation is caused by bridging between positively charged sites on the different iron oxide particles by long, negatively charged silicate polymers. Apparently this binding is quite strong. Various experiments with many materials (i.e., aqueous dispersions containing iron oxide, graphite and silicates) have failed to inhibit this binding. However, at a high ratio of silicate to iron oxide, no bridging occurs because many silicate molecules cover the iron oxide surface, which likely changes the charge on the iron oxide particles to a net negative charge. As such, when the silicate to iron oxide ratio is high a good coating may be obtained, but the tradeoff is that with such higher ratios formulation viscosities increase which can yield thicker coatings. Coatings too thick can be prone to flaking.
The invention incorporates as a feature an aqueous dispersion of iron oxide, graphite, a maleic copolymer and a soluble silicate. The presence of the maleic copolymers have extended the shelf life of flowcoating formulations, wherein no flocculation occurs. Additionally the internal conductive coatings formed from these formulations have the requisite electrical, mechanical, and cosmetic properties. In one embodiment of the invention, shown as Example 1, the formulation in concentrated form includes the following components:
Features of the invention incorporate potassium silicate as the soluble silicate. Other features of the invention include a maleic copolymer as the copolymer that has a negative charge in aqueous media. Further embodiments include iron oxide or titanium dioxide as the metal oxide. Other embodiments include a lignosulphonate as the surfactant
Specific embodiments of the invention incorporate the following example formulations:
Superior Graphite 5090 Powder is available from Superior Graphite Co., Chicago, Ill. Asbury Graphite UF-440 Powder is available from Asbury Graphite Mills, Inc., Ashbury, N.J. Aquatreat AR-980 is available from ALCO Chemical, Chattanooga, Tenn. PQ Kasil 1 and Kasil 88 are available from PQ Corp., Valley Forge, Pa. Marasperse CBOS is available from Lignbtech, Greenwich, Conn.
Kraftsperse 1251 is available from Mead Westvaco Corp., Charleston, S.C. Surfynol DF-110L is available from Air Products and Chemicals, Allentown, Pa.
Tamol 850 and Tamol SN are available from Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
In the above embodiments, the formulations resist flocculation, wherein it is believed that negatively charged copolymer molecules tightly adsorbed onto the iron oxide surface prevent silicate binding. The formulations and dilution thereof have exhibited excellent stability in not exhibiting flocculation. Concentrated formulations having solid levels up to 40% and pH below 13.5 have been stable.
The formulations which are actually applied to the funnel 25 are made by diluting the concentrated formulations with water to the extent that the solids concentration is 5 to 30% less than that of the concentrated formulations. Typical viscosities of the concentrated formulations are 40-70 cps in this invention. Typical viscosities of the diluted formulations are 15-30 cps. The formulations in diluted form can include the following:
graphite at 2.8-6.65 wt. %,
metal oxide at 6.3-20.9 wt. %,
copolymer at 0.7-4.75 wt. %,
caustic material at 0.7-5.7 wt. %,
silicate at 18.9-43.7 wt. %,
surfactant at 0.35-4.75 wt. %, and
water at 21-70.2 wt. %.
A positive feature of these formulation is that they are easy to prepare and can be sand milled or high-speed milled in a horizontal mill in continuous flow mode.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/524,956, entitled “Improved Stability Flow Coating Containing Iron Oxide and Maleic Colpolymer” and filed Nov. 25, 2004, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US04/38016 | 11/15/2004 | WO | 5/22/2006 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60524956 | Nov 2003 | US |
