Patent Grant
7833905
The present invention concerns a technique for use in the manufacture of a semiconductor integrated circuit device; and, more in particular, it relates to a technique that is effective when applied to a step of forming, in an identical interconnection layer on a semiconductor substrate, plural interconnections at a narrow distance, which distance is smaller than the resolution limit for the exposure light used in a photolithography step employed in semiconductor manufacture.
Along with refinement of semiconductor integrated circuits, since the pattern size, for example, of electrode interconnections formed over semiconductor substrates have already reached the resolution limit of the exposure light used in the photolithographic step employed in semiconductor manufacture, a phase shift technique or a multiple exposure technique, which is capable of forming such interconnections at a pattern size smaller than the resolution limit of the exposure light, have been adopted.
The multiple exposure technique is a technique in which exposure is repeated plural times using plural sheets of photomasks, thereby transferring a pattern with a size smaller than the resolution limit of the exposure light to a photoresist film on a semiconductor substrate, as disclosed, for example, in the below-listed Patent Documents 1 to 3.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a quadplex exposure technique of conducting duplicate exposure to a photoresist film by using first and second photomasks, with the positions for a shield pattern and a phase shift pattern being replaced with each other, and then conducting exposure to the photoresist film by using third and fourth photomasks, with the positions for the patterns being different from those of the first and second photomasks and the positions for the shield pattern and the phase shift pattern being replaced with each other, thereby transferring a pattern at a size smaller than the resolution limit of the exposure light.
[Patent Document 1]
The multiple exposure technique of conducting exposure plural times with regard to an identical photoresist film using plural sheets of photomasks involves a problem in that the transfer accuracy of the pattern is lowered as the distance between each of the patterns transferred to the photoresist film becomes finer due to the effect of interference between lights with each other in the plural exposures. That is, the existent multiple exposure technique can refine the individual patterns so that they are smaller than the resolution limit of the exposure light, but it can not refine the distance between each of the patterns to a value smaller than the resolution limit of the exposure light.
For example, in a SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) that is under development by the present inventors, among six MISFETs (Metal Insulator Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) constituting a memory cell, two MISFETs are constituted as a vertical structure, and the two vertical MISFETs are arranged over the remaining four MISFETs, thereby decreasing the memory cell size.
In the SRAM described above, eight local interconnections, referred to as an intermediate conductive layer by the present inventors, are formed to one identical interconnection layer in the memory cell, and a MISFET in the lower layer and a MISFET in the upper layer are connected by way of a portion of the intermediate conductive layer.
For an SRAM having the structure described above, it is required to decrease the distance between each of the eight local interconnections formed over one identical layer to a value smaller than the resolution limit of the exposure light if the size of the memory cell is to be decreased. However, the distance between each of the local interconnections can not be decreased to a value smaller than the resolution limit of the exposure light by using the existent multiple exposure technique.
It is an object of present invention to provide a technique that is capable of reducing the memory size of an SRAM, thereby promoting an increase in the integration degree.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a technique that is capable of promoting refinement and achieving an increase in the integration degree of an LSI by reducing the distance between each of plural interconnections formed over one identical interconnection layer on a semiconductor substrate and of reducing the distance between each of plural through holes formed in one identical insulating film.
The foregoing and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become more apparent with reference to the descriptions provided in the present specification and the appended drawings.
Typical examples disclosed in the present application are described generally below.
A method of manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit device for forming plural interconnections in one identical interconnection layer on a semiconductor substrate according to the present invention comprises the steps of:
a) is a plan view of a main portion showing a method of forming interconnections representing the fourth embodiment of the invention;
b) is a cross sectional view taken along line F-F′ in
a) is a plan view of a main portion showing a method of forming interconnections representing the fourth embodiment of the invention;
b) is a cross sectional view of a main portion showing a method of forming interconnections representing the fourth embodiment of the invention;
a) is a plan view of a main portion showing a method of forming interconnections representing the fourth embodiment of the invention;
b) is a cross sectional view of a main portion showing a method of forming interconnections representing the fourth embodiment of the invention;
The present invention will be described more specifically by way of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. Throughout the drawings, those components having identical functions carry will be identified by the same reference numerals, and duplicate descriptions thereof will be omitted.
Among the six MISFETs constituting the memory cell (MC), the two transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2) and two driving MISFETs (DR1, DR2) are constituted each as an n-channel type MISFET. Further, the two vertical MISFETs (SV1, SV2) are constituted as with a p-channel type MISFET. The vertical MISFETs (SV1, SV2) correspond to a load MISFET in the well known complete CMOS type SRAM, but, as opposed to the usual load MISFET, it is constituted to have a vertical structure, as will be described below, and is formed over regions forming the MISFETs (DR1, DR2) and the transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2).
In the memory cell (MC), the driving MISFET (DR1) and the vertical MISFET (SV1) constitute a first inverter INV1, and the driving MISFET (DR2) and the vertical MISFET (SV2) constitute a second inverter INV2. The pair of inverters INV1 and INV2 are cross coupled in the memory cell (MC) to constitute a flip-flop circuit, which serves as a memory accumulating portion for storing one bit of information.
That is, the drain of the driving MISFET (DR1), the drain of the vertical MISFET (SV1), the gate of the driving MISFET (DR2) and the gate of the vertical MISFET (SV2) are electrically connected to each other, to constitute one accumulation node (A) of the memory cell. The drain of the driving MISFET (DR2), the drain of the vertical MISFET (SV2), the gate of the driving MISFET (DR1), and the gate of the vertical MISFET (SV1) are electrically connected to each other, to constitute the other accumulation node (B) of the memory cell.
One input/output terminal of the flip-flop circuit is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the transfer MISFET (TR1) and the other input/output terminal thereof is connected electrically to one of the source and the drain of the transfer MISFET (TR2). The other of the source and the drain of the MISFET (TR1) is electrically connected to one data line (BLT) in the pair of complementary data lines, while the other of the source and the drain of the transfer MISFET (TR2) is electrically connected to the other data line (BLB) in the pair of complementary data lines. Further, one end of the flip-flop circuit, that is, the source of the two vertical MISFETs (SV1, SV2) is electrically connected to a power supply voltage line (Vdd) for supplying a power supply voltage (Vdd) at a higher potential than the reference voltage (Vss), for example, 3 V, and the other end thereof, that is, the sources of the two driving MISFETs (DR1, DR2) are electrically connected to a reference voltage line (Vss) for supplying a reference voltage (Vss), for example, 0 V. The gate electrodes of the transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2) are electrically connected to the word line (WL). The memory cell (MC) stores information by putting one of the pair of accumulation nodes (A, B) to a High level and the other to a Low level.
The information storing, reading and writing operations in the memory cell (MC) are basically identical with those of the known complete CMOS type SRAM. That is, upon reading the information, for example, the power supply voltage (Vdd) is applied to a selected word line (WL) to turn the transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2) ON and the potential difference between the pair of accumulation nodes (A, B) is read on the complementary data lines (BLT, BLB). Further, upon writing information, for example, the power supply voltage (Vdd) is applied to a selected word line (WL) to turn the transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2) ON and one of the complementary data lines (BLT, BLB) is connected with the power supply voltage (Vdd) and the other of them is connected with the reference voltage (Vss) thereby turning the driving MISFETs (DR1, DR2) ON and OFF.
The SRAM of this embodiment is constituted with a memory array in which the plural memory cells are formed and a periphery circuit formed at the peripheral of the memory array. The peripheral circuit for the SRAM includes, for example, an X decoder circuit, a Y decoder circuit, a sense amplifier circuit, an input/output circuit and a logic circuit each constituted with an n-channel type MISFET and a p-channel type MISFET.
A method of manufacturing the SRAM described above will be described with reference to
At first, as shown in
Then, after ion implanting phosphorus (P) to a portion and ion implanting boron (B) to the other portion of the substrate 1, for example, the substrate 1 is subjected to a heat treatment to diffuse the impurities into the substrate 1 thereby forming a p-well 4 and a n-well 5 on the main surface of the substrate 1. As shown in the drawings, only the p-well 4 is formed but the n-well 5 is not formed to the substrate 1 for the memory array. On the other hand, the n-well 5 and a not illustrated p-well are formed to the substrate 1 for the peripheral circuit region.
Then, the substrate 1 is thermally oxidized to form a gate insulating film 6 comprising, for example, silicon oxide to the respective surfaces of the p-well 4 and the n-well 5.
Then, as shown in
The gate electrode 7A formed to the memory array constitutes a gate electrode for the transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2), and the gate electrode 7B constitutes the gate electrode for the driving MISFETs (DR1, DR2). Further, the gate electrode 7C formed in the peripheral circuit region constitutes the gate electrode for the p-channel type MISFET in the peripheral circuit. As shown in
The gate electrodes 7A, 7B and 7C are formed, for example, by forming an n-polycrystal silicon film on the gate insulating film 6 of the p-well 4, forming a p-polycrystal silicon film on the gate insulating film 6 of the n-well 5, and then depositing a silicon oxide film 8 as a cap insulating film over each of the n-polycrystal silicon film and the p-polycrystal silicon film, for example, by a CVD process. The n-polycrystal silicon film and the p-polycrystal silicon film are formed, for example, by depositing a non-doped polycrystal silicon film (or amorphous silicon film) over the gate insulating film 6 by a CVD process and then ion implanting phosphorus (or arsenic) to the polycrystal silicon film (or amorphous silicon film) over the p-well 4 and ion implanting boron into the non-doped polycrystal silicon film (or amorphous silicon film) over the n-well 5.
Then, the silicon oxide film 8 is patterned so as to be in a planar shape identical with the gate electrodes 7A, 7B and 7C by dry etching using a photoresist film as a mask and, successively, the n-polycrystal silicon film and the p-polycrystal silicon film are dry etched by using the patterned silicon oxide film 8 as a mask.
Then, as shown in
Then, a side wall spacer 13 comprising an insulating film is formed to the side wall for each of the gate electrodes 7A, 7B, 7C. The side wall spacer 13 is formed, for example, by depositing a silicon oxide film and a silicon nitride film over the substrate 1 by a CVD process and then anisotropically etching the silicon nitride film and the silicon oxide film. In this step, the silicon oxide film 8 covering the upper surface for each of the gate electrodes 7A, 7B and 7C, and the silicon oxide film (gate insulating film 6) over the surface of the substrate 1 are etched, thereby exposing the surface of each of the gate electrodes 7A, 7B, and 7C and the surface for each of the n−-semiconductor region 9 and the p−-semiconductor region 10.
Then, as shown in
Then, a Co silicide layer 18 is formed to the surface of the gate electrodes 7A, 7B, and 7C, and the surface of the source and the drain (n+-semiconductor region 14, p+-semiconductor region 15) respectively. The Co silicide layer 18 is formed, for example, by depositing a cobalt (Co) film over the substrate 1 by a sputtering method, successively applying a heat treatment to the substrate 1 to cause silicide reaction at the boundary between the Co film and the gate electrodes 7A, 7B, and 7C and at the boundary between the Co film and the substrate 1 and then etching to remove an unreacted Co film. By the steps described so far, the n-channel type transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2) and the driving MISFETs (DR1, DR2) are formed in the memory array and p-channel type MISFETs (Qp) and the not illustrated n-channel type MISFET are formed in the peripheral circuit region.
As shown in
Then, as shown in
Then, the silicon oxide film 20 and the silicon nitride film 19 are dry etched by using a photoresist film as a mask, thereby forming a contact hole 21 over the gate electrode 7B of the driving MISFETs (DR1, DR2), and contact holes 22 over the gate electrodes 7B of the transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2). Further, contact holes 23, 24, and 25 are formed over the source and the drain (n+-semiconductor region 14) of the transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2) and the driving MISFETs (DR1, DR2) respectively, and contact holes 26 and 27 are formed over the gate electrode 7C and the source and the drain (p+-semiconductor region 15) of the p-channel type MISFET (Qp) in the peripheral circuit region.
Then, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Further, among the trenches 31 to 35 formed to the memory array, the shortest distance (Da) between the trench 31 and the trench 32, and the shortest distance (Da) between the trench 31 and trench 33 shown in
In this case, when the patterns for the trenches 31 to 37 are intended to be transferred to the photoresist film by using an exposure apparatus using, as a light source, KrF (krypton fluoride) at a wavelength of 0.193 μm for instance, since each of the shortest distance (Da) or (Db) is smaller than the resolution limit for the exposure light, the pattern for the trench 31 and the pattern for the trench 32 or 33, as well as the pattern for the trench 32 or 33 and the pattern for the trench 34 are connected, not isolated from each other by the interference between the exposure lights. That is, in this case, the trenches 31 to 34 can not be isolated from each other. In view of the above, the trenches 31 to 37 are formed in this embodiment by using the following method.
As shown in
Then, after removing the photoresist film 38, as shown in
As described above, in this embodiment, in a case of forming the trenches 31 to 35 each at a distance closer to each other in one identical memory cell, the trenches 32 and 33 are at first formed by using the first photoresist film 38 transferred with the patterns for the two trenches 32 and 33 at a distance between them which is larger than the resolution limit for the exposure light, then the trenches 31, 34, and 35 are formed by using the second photoresist film 39 transferred with the patterns for the three trenches 31,34, and 35 with the distance between each of them being larger than the resolution limit to the exposure light. Alternatively, the trenches 31, 34, and 35 may be formed at first by using the photoresist film 39 and then the trenches 32 and 33 may be formed by using the photoresist film 38.
With the constitution described above, even in a case where the shortest distance (Da) between the trench 31, and the trench 32 or 33 or the shortest distance (Db) between the trench 32 or 33 and the trench 34 is smaller than the resolution limit for the exposure light, among the trenches 31 to 35 formed in one identical memory cell, all the trenches 31 to 35 can be formed at a good accuracy.
The trenches 36 and 37 formed in the peripheral circuit region generally have a larger distance between each other even in a case where they are connected with one MISFET compared with the trenches 31 to 35 formed in the memory array. Accordingly, the trenches 36 and 37 in the peripheral circuit region can be formed simultaneously upon formation of the trenches 32 and 33 in the memory array by dry etching using the first photoresist film 38, or upon formation of the trenches 31, 34, and 35 in the memory array by dry etching using the second photoresist film 39 as a mask. When it is intended to make the distance between the trenches 36 and 37 formed in the peripheral circuit region narrower than the resolution limit for the exposure light, this may be achieved by forming one of the trenches 36 and 37 upon forming the trenches 32 and 33 to the memory array by dry etching using the first photoresist film 38 as a mask and by forming the other of the trenches 36 and 37 upon forming the trenches 31, 34, and 35 in the memory array by dry etching using the second photoresist film 39 as a mask.
The trenches 31 to 35 can be formed also by the following method. At first, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Then, after removing the photoresist film 38, as shown in
As described above, the trenches 32 and 33 are formed at first to the silicon nitride film 40 by using the first photoresist film 38 transferred with the patterns for the two trenches 32 and 33 having a distance between each other larger than the resolution limit for the exposure light and then the trenches 31, 34, and 35 are formed to the silicon nitride film 40 by using the second photoresist film 39 transferred with the patterns for the three trenches 31, 34, and 35 having a distance between each other larger than the resolution limit for the exposure light. This can form the patterns for the trenches 31 to 35 to the silicon nitride film 40 at a good accuracy.
Then, after removing the photoresist film 39, the silicon oxide film 30 is dry etched by using the silicon nitride film 40 as a mask, as shown in
Then, as shown in
The method of forming the trenches 31 to 35 described above has an advantage capable of transferring the patterns for the trenches 31, 34, and 35 at a high accuracy to the second photoresist film 39 since the underlying step (step between the surface of the silicon nitride film 40 and the surface of the silicon oxide film 30) is small upon forming the second photoresist film 39 over the silicon nitride film 40. On the other hand, in the method of forming the trenches 31 to 35 shown in
Then, as shown in
Then, as shown in
The vertical MISFET (SV1) comprises a square columnar stack (Pi) formed by stacking a lower semiconductor layer (drain) 57, an intermediate semiconductor layer 58, and an upper semiconductor layer (source) 59, and a gate electrode 66 formed on the side wall of the stack (P1) by way of a gate insulating film 63. The lower semiconductor layer (drain) 57 of the vertical MISFET (SV1) is connected with the intermediate conductive layer 42 by way of a plug 55 and a barrier layer 48 formed therebelow and, further, it is electrically connected by way of the intermediate conductive layer 42 and plugs 28 and 28 therebelow to one of the source and the drain of the transfer MISFET (TR1), the n+-semiconductor region 14 as the drain of the driving MISFET (DR1), and the gate electrode 7B of the driving MISFET (DR2).
The vertical MISFET (SV2) comprises a square columnar stack (P2) formed by stacking a lower semiconductor layer (drain) 57, an intermediate semiconductor layer 58, and an upper semiconductor layer (source) 59, and a gate electrode 66 formed on the side wall of the stack (P2) by way of a gate insulating film 63. The lower semiconductor layer (drain) 57 of the vertical MISFET (SV2) is connected with the intermediate conductive layer 43 by way of a plug 55 and a barrier layer 48 formed therebelow and, further, it is electrically connected by way of the intermediate conductive layer 43 and plugs 28 and 28 therebelow to one of the source and the drain of the transfer MISFET (TR2), the n+-semiconductor region 14 as the source of the driving MISFET (DR2), and the gate electrode 7B of the driving MISFET (DR1).
In the vertical MISFET (SV1, SV2), the lower semiconductor layer 57 constitutes the drain, the intermediate semiconductor layer 58 constitutes the substrate (channel region), and the upper semiconductor layer 59 constitutes the source. Each of the lower semiconductor layer 57, the intermediate semiconductor layer 58, and the upper semiconductor layer 59 is constituted with a silicon film, the lower semiconductor layer 57 and the upper semiconductor layer 59 are p-doped and constituted with a p-silicon film. That is, the vertical MISFET (SV1, SV2) are constituted each with a p-channel type MISFET formed with the silicon film.
Then, as shown in
The gate electrode 66 for the vertical MISFET (SV1) is electrically connected by way of the gate extension electrode 51b, the plug 80, the intermediate conductive layer 43, and the plugs 28, 28 therebelow with one of the source and the drain for the transfer MISFET (TR2), the n+-semiconductor region 14 as the drain for the driving MISFET (DR2), and the gate electrode 7B for the driving MISFET (DR1). The gate electrode 66 for the vertical MISFET (SV2) is electrically connected by way of the gate extension electrode 51a, the plug 80, the intermediate conductive layer 42, and the plugs 28, 28 therebelow with one of the source and the drain for the transfer MISFET (TR1), the n+-semiconductor region 14 as the drain for the driving MISFET (DR2), and the gate electrode 7B for the driving MISFET (DR2).
The power supply voltage line (Vdd) 90 is electrically connected with the upper semiconductor layer (source) 59 of the vertical MISFET (SV1) and the upper semiconductor layer (source) 59 for the vertical MISFET (SV2).
The complementary data line BLT is electrically connected with the other of the source and the drain (n+-semiconductor region 14) of the transfer MISFET (TR1) and the complementary data line (BLB) is electrically connected with the other of the source and the drain (n+-semiconductor region 14) of the transfer MISFET (TR2).
Not illustrated word line (WL) and reference voltage line (Vss) are formed over the power supply voltage line (Vdd) 90 and the complementary data lines (BLT, BLB). The word line (WL) is electrically connected with the gate electrode 7A for the transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2) and the reference voltage line (Vss) is electrically connected with the n+-semiconductor region (source) 14 for the driving MISFETs (DR1, DR2). The word line (WL) and the reference voltage line (Vss) are constituted each, for example, with a metal film mainly comprising copper (Cu).
By the steps described so far, a memory cell (MC) constituted with the two transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2), two driving MISFETs (DR1, DR2), and two vertical MISFETs (SV1, SV2) is substantially completed. The structure and the manufacturing method for the memory cell (MC) are described specifically in Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-224254.
As described above, in this embodiment, upon forming the trenches 31 to 35 buried with the intermediate conductive layers 41 to 45 for connecting the transfer MISFETs (TR1, TR2) and the driving MISFETs (DR1, DR2), and the vertical MISFETs (SV1, SV2) formed thereover, the trenches 32 and 33, and the trenches 31, 34, and 35 are formed separately by twice etching using the first and the second photoresist films 38 and 39 as the masks.
With the constitution described above, since all the trenches 31 to 35 can be formed at a good accuracy even in a case where the shortest distance (Da) between the trench 31 and the trench 32 or 33, and the shortest distance (Db) between the trench 32, 33, and the trench 34 are made smaller than the resolution limit for the exposure light, it is possible to reduce the distance between each of the trenches 31 to 35 disposed in one identical memory cell, and the memory cell size of the SRAM can be reduced. Further, this can also increase the capacity of the SRAM or reduce the chip size of the SRAM.
According to this embodiment, the memory cell size of the SRAM can be reduced without using an expensive phase shift mask. Further, combination of the technique disclosed in this embodiment with the phase shift technique enables further reduction of the memory cell size.
This embodiment is applied to a method of forming plural interconnections each at a distance smaller than the resolution limit for the exposure lights in one identical interconnection layer.
As shown in
Then, as shown in
Then, after removing the photoresist films 73a and 73b, as shown in
Then, interconnections 71A, 71B, and 71C are formed by dry etching the W film 71 using the hard masks 72a and 72b and the photoresist film 74 as a mask as shown in
According to the method described above, plural interconnections 71A, 71B and 71C each having a distance (Sa, Sb) smaller than the resolution limit for the exposure light can be formed at a good accuracy.
The interconnections 71A, 71B, and 71C can also be formed by the following method. At first, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Then, after removing the photoresist films 73a and 73b, as shown in
Then, when the photoresist film 74 is removed, a first hard mask 76a comprising a stacked film of the silicon nitride film 72 and the silicon oxide film 75 and a second hard mask 76b comprising the silicon nitride film 72 are formed over the W film 71 as shown in
Then, as shown in
This embodiment is applied to a method of forming plural contact holes each at a distance smaller than the resolution limit for the exposure light to one identical insulating film.
At first, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Then, after removing the photoresist film 82, a second photoresist film 83 is formed over the silicon nitride film 81 and the silicon nitride film 81 over the n+-semiconductor region 14 is dry etched using the photoresist film 83 as a mask. Thus, a hole pattern 81b having the same shape as that of a contact hole is formed in the silicon nitride film 81 over the n+-semiconductor region 14 as shown in
Then, after removing the photoresist film 83, a contact hole 84 is formed in the silicon oxide film 20 over the gate electrode 7C, and a contact hole 85 is formed in the silicon oxide film 20 over the n+-semiconductor region 14 by dry etching using the silicon nitride film 81 formed with the hole patterns 81a and 81b as a mask as shown in
Then, as shown in
As described above, in this embodiment, in a case of forming the contact holes 84 and 85 in the silicon oxide film 20 using the silicon nitride film 81 formed with the hole patterns 81a and 81b as a mask, the hole pattern 81a and the hole pattern 81b are formed separately by twice etching using the first and the second photoresist films 82 and 83 as the mask.
Thus, since the distance between the hole pattern 81a and the hole pattern 81b can be decreased to be smaller than the resolution limit for the exposure light, the distance between the contact hole 84 over the gate electrode 7c and the contact hole 85 over the n+-semiconductor region 14 can be decreased to be smaller than the resolution limit for the exposure light and the MISFET can be refined.
This embodiment is applied to a method of forming interconnections in a memory hybridized logic device in which a central processing unit (CPU), an analog circuit, an input/output circuit (I/O), and a memory circuit (RAM, ROM) are integrated on the main surface of a semiconductor chip 100 for example, as shown in
At first, as shown in
Then, as shown in
Lattice-like lines shown by broken lines in
Then, after removing the photoresist film 105, as shown in
In the method of forming the first layer interconnections 107 described above, since the conductive film 104 is patterned by twice etching using two sheets of photomasks, the effect of interference between the exposure lights can be eliminated. That is, plural conductive films 104 are formed by using photolithographic steps several times by using plural sheets of photoresist masks. As a result, since the roundness on both ends of the first layer interconnections 107 is decreased, the amount of inward retraction for both ends of the first layer interconnections 107 can be decreased.
Thus, the width between the end of the first layer interconnections 107 and the channel (space=c, shown in
As shown in
Then, as shown in
In the method of forming the second layer interconnections 111 described above, since the conductive film is patterned by twice etching using the two sheets of photomasks by the same method as that used for the conductive layer 104, the effect caused by the interference between the exposure lights is eliminated. That is, plural conductive films are formed by photolithographic steps plural times by using plural sheets of photoresist masks. As a result, since the roundness on both ends of the second layer interconnections 111 is decreased, the amount of inward retraction for both ends of the second layer interconnections 111 can be decreased. This can reduce the width between the end of the second layer interconnections 111 and the channel (space=c, shown in
As has been described above, according to the method of forming interconnections in this embodiment, the amount of inward retraction for both ends of the first layer interconnections can be decreased by patterning the conductive film 104 for use in interconnections by twice etching using two sheets of photomasks.
This can reduce the width between the end of the first layer interconnection 107 and the channel (space=c, shown in
Further, the displacement amount between the end of the first layer interconnections 107 and the contact hole 109 formed thereover (displacement amount=b, shown in
On the other hand, in a case of patterning the conductive film 104 for use in interconnections by etching for once using a single sheet of photomask, the amount of inward retraction for the both ends of the first layer interconnections 107 is increased. Accordingly, for reliable connection between the first layer interconnection 107 and the plug 110 in the contact hole 109, since it is necessary to ensure a large displacement amount (b) between the end of the first layer interconnection 107 and the contact hole 109 formed thereover, it is difficult to reduce the distance S between the channels and improve the density of interconnections. That is, the distance S in the channel has to be made larger and improvement is difficult for the density of interconnections.
Further, the amount of inward retraction for both ends of the second layer interconnection 111 can be decreased by patterning the conduct film for use in interconnections by twice etching using two sheets of photomasks. This can reduce the width (space=c, in shown in
Further, the amount of inward retraction for both ends of the first layer interconnection 107 and the second layer interconnection 111 can be decreased by patterning the conductive film for use in interconnections by twice etching using two sheets of photomasks. Thus, since this can narrow the width between the end of the interconnection 107 or 111, and the channel (space=c, shown in
Although not illustrated, it will be apparent that the third or successive layer interconnections can also be formed in the same manner as that for the first layer interconnections 107 and the second layer interconnections 111.
Further, the first layer interconnections 107 (or second layer interconnections 111 ) may also be formed by the following method. At first, as shown in
Then, as shown in
According to the method of forming the interconnections described above, among a plural first layer interconnections 107 arranged on one identical channel, the displacement amount of inward retraction for the ends thereof can be decreased in the portions where the space between each other is narrow. This can reduce the width between the end of the first layer interconnection 107 and the channel (space=c, shown in
Further, since the provability that the contact holes 109 are arranged on the cross points of the channels adjacent with each other is generally low, the amount of data for the pattern formed to the second sheet of photomask is decreased by the method of forming the interconnections described above. This can shorten the time required for the manufacture of the second sheet of photomask.
In a case of patterning the conductive film 104 for use in interconnections by twice etching using two sheets of photomasks, KrF and ArF (argon fluoride) at a shorter wavelength than that can be used in combination as an exposure light source. That is, the first layer interconnections 107 or the second layer interconnections 111 may also be formed by patterning only the portions with a large space between each other by a lithographic step using KrF as an exposure light source and patterning portions with a narrow space between each other by a lithographic step using an ArF as an exposure light source. In this case, since it is possible to decrease the amount of use for the photoresist film for use in ArF of requiring higher cost compared with a case of forming the first layer interconnections 107 or the second layer interconnections 111 by twice lithographic steps using ArF as the exposure light source, the cost for manufacturing memory hybridized logic devices can be reduced.
The first layer interconnections 107 or the second layer interconnections 111 can also be formed by a method of using a hard mask like that shown in
Then, as shown in
Then, after removing the photoresist film 121, as shown in
As described above, by patterning the silicon nitride film 120 by twice etching using the two sheets of photomasks, the portions with a narrow space between each other can be isolated at a good accuracy.
Then, after removing the photoresist film 122, as shown in
According to the method of forming the interconnections described above, since the silicon nitride film 120 having a higher etching selectivity to the conductive film 104 compared with the photoresist film is used for the mask, the first layer interconnections 107 can be patterned at a higher accuracy. This can reduce the space between the ends of the first layer interconnections 107 adjacent to each other and dispose the plural contact holes 109 to the ends of the first layer interconnections 107 at a high density.
The method of forming the interconnections in this embodiment, as described above, is also applicable, for example, as shown in
According to the method of forming the interconnections in this embodiment, as described above, plural conductive films are formed by using photolithographic steps several times using plural sheets of photoresist masks.
Further, plural hard masks (silicon nitride film 120) are formed by using photolithographic steps plural times by using plural sheets of photoresist masks, and the plural first layer interconnections 107 or second layer interconnections 111 are formed by etching using the plural hard masks.
Further, plural interconnection patterns each in the shape of a straight pattern are formed from the conductive film by using the photolithographic step using the photoresist mask film for use in KrF, and plural interconnection patterns adjacent with each other are formed by using a photolithographic step using the photoresist mask film for use in ArF from the plural interconnection patterns each in the straight pattern. It will be apparent that the order may be replaced between the step of forming the interconnection pattern using the photolithographic steps by using the photoresist film for use in KrF and the step of forming the interconnection pattern using the photolithographic step by using the photoresist film for use in ArF.
The present invention has been described specifically with reference to the preferred embodiments but it will be apparent that the invention is not restricted to the embodiments described above but can be modified variously within a scope not departing the gist thereof.
For example, the memory cell of the SRAM shown in the Preferred Embodiments 1 to 3 may be used as a memory for the memory hybridized logic device shown in the Preferred Embodiment 4. Further, logic circuits such as a CPU may also be constituted with the peripheral circuit of the SRAM shown in the Preferred Embodiments 1 to 3. Further, the memory hybridized logic device shown in the Preferred Embodiment 4 may be constituted with a single logic device or a single memory. Further, the method of forming the interconnections shown in the Preferred Embodiment 4 is applicable also to the memory cell of the SRAM and the peripheral circuit thereof shown in the Preferred Embodiments 1 to 3.
Advantageous effects obtained by typical embodiments among those preferred embodiments disclosed in the present application are simply described below.
Since the distance between each of plurality intermediate conductive layers formed in one identical interconnection layer within an identical memory cell can be reduced to be smaller than the resolution limit for exposure light, interconnection or memory cell size can be decreased.
Further, the memory cell size for the SRAM can be decreased to promote increase in integration degree.
Further, refinement and higher degree integration for LSI can be promoted by reducing the distance between plurality interconnections formed in one identical interconnection layer or the distance between each of plural through holes formed in one identical insulating film over a semiconductor substrate.
Advantageous effects obtained by typical aspects of the invention among those disclosed in the present application are simply described below.
Increase in the integration degree for the semiconductor circuit device can be promoted.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003-153882 | May 2003 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation application of U.S. application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/146,599 filed Jun. 26, 2008 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,595,266, which is a continuation application of U.S. application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/265,292, filed Nov. 3, 2005 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,402,475, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/855,598, filed May 28, 2004 now U.S. Pat No. 7,109,126, which claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. JP 2003-153882 filed on May 30, 2003, the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12146599 | Jun 2008 | US |
| Child | 12435446 | US | |
| Parent | 11265292 | Nov 2005 | US |
| Child | 12146599 | US | |
| Parent | 10855598 | May 2004 | US |
| Child | 11265292 | US |
