Patent Grant
11073159
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a centrifugal rotary machine and a centrifugal rotary machine.
Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-018760 filed on Feb. 5, 2019, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
A centrifugal compressor includes a rotation shaft which extends along an axis, a plurality of impellers which are attached to the rotation shaft, and a casing which covers the rotation shaft and the impeller from the outer peripheral side. A flow path which is repeatedly increased and decreased in diameter from one side to the other side in the axial direction is formed inside the casing. The flow path includes a diffuser flow path which extends from an exit of the impeller outward in the radial direction, a return bend portion which is turned by 180° from an outer radial end portion of the diffuser flow path and extends inward in the radial direction, and a guide flow path which extends from the return bend portion inward in the radial direction. A plurality of return vanes are provided inside the guide flow path so as to straighten the flow of the fluid. As a detailed example of such a return vane, one described in Utility Model Registration No. 3187468 is known.
The return vane described in Utility Model Registration No. 3187468 is curved from the circumferential direction toward the radial direction as it goes forward in the rotation direction of the impeller (the rotation shaft). Further, an exit angle of the return vane (an angle of the inner radial end surface formed with respect to the radial direction) is set to 0°. Accordingly, the flow of the fluid contacting the return vane from the outside in the radial direction is straightened and a swirling flow component included in the flow is removed. As a result, the head of the compressor is improved.
When the exit angle of the return vane is set to 0° as in Utility Model Registration No. 3187468, it is known that an operation range of the compressor decreases although the head is raised. Prior to using the centrifugal compressor in the field, there is also a requirement to retroactively enlarge this operation range. Thus, it is desired to develop a technique capable of easily and retroactively enlarging the operation range of the centrifugal compressor.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances and an object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a centrifugal rotary machine capable of easily and retroactively enlarging an operation range and a centrifugal rotary machine having an enlarged operation range.
An aspect of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a centrifugal rotary machine. The centrifugal rotary machine includes a rotation shaft rotatable around an axis, a plurality of impellers fixed to the rotation shaft, a casing provided with a diffuser flow path covering the impeller from the outside and extending from an outer peripheral side of the impeller outward in the radial direction, a return bend portion turning from an outer radial end portion of the diffuser flow path inward in the radial direction, and a guide flow path extending from the return bend portion inward in the radial direction, and a plurality of return vanes provided on the guide flow path at intervals in the rotation direction of the rotation shaft. The method of manufacturing a centrifugal rotary machine includes: fixing a return vane body having a virtual airfoil curved forward in the rotation direction as it goes inward in the radial direction and formed by a positive pressure surface recessed forward in the rotation direction and a negative pressure surface protruding forward in the rotation direction onto the guide flow path; and cutting a portion including an inner radial end portion of the return vane body from the positive pressure surface to the negative pressure surface so as to form a cut surface.
According to the above-described method, the cut surface is formed by cutting a portion including the inner radial end portion of the return vane from the positive pressure surface to the negative pressure surface by the cutting step. Accordingly, an exit angle of the return vane (an angle of the inner radial end surface formed with respect to the radial direction) can be set to be larger than an exit angle of the virtual airfoil. When the exit angle increases, a swirling flow component remains in the flow of the fluid having passed through the return vane. As a result, it is possible to enlarge the operation range of the centrifugal rotary machine. Further, in the above-described method, a cutting step is retroactively performed on the return vane attached to the casing through the fixing step. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain a centrifugal rotary machine having a desired operation range without manufacturing the return vane again.
In the method of manufacturing the centrifugal rotary machine, in the cutting step, the cut surface may be formed in a linear shape when viewed from the axial direction.
According to the above-described method, since the cut surface is formed in a linear shape, the exit angle of the return vane can be changed. That is, it is possible to adjust the operation range of the centrifugal rotary machine only by relatively simple machining.
In the method of manufacturing the centrifugal rotary machine, in the cutting step, the cut surface may be formed in an arc shape so as to be recessed forward in the rotation direction when viewed from the axial direction.
According to the above-described method, since the cut surface is formed in an arc shape, the flow of the fluid flowing along the cut surface is smoothly guided. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the possibility of separation or vortex in the flow.
In the method of manufacturing the centrifugal rotary machine, in the cutting step, the cut surface may be formed so as to form an angle of 10° or more with respect to the radial direction.
According to the above-described method, the cut surface forms an angle of 10° or more with respect to the radial direction. In other words, the exit angle forms an angle of 10° or more. Accordingly, it is possible to more actively cause a swirling flow component included in the flow of the fluid guided by the return vane to remain. As a result, it is possible to remarkably expand the operation range of the centrifugal rotary machine.
In the method of manufacturing the centrifugal rotary machine, in the cutting step, the cut surface may be formed so that a separation distance between the pair of return vanes adjacent to each other in the rotation direction is the smallest between outer radial end portions of the negative pressure surface of one return vane and the cut surface of the other return vane.
According to the above-described method, the separation distance between the return vanes is the smallest between the outer radial end portions of the negative pressure surface of one return vane and the cut surface of the other return vane. Accordingly, it is possible to more smoothly guide the flow of the fluid flowing between the return vanes.
The method of manufacturing the centrifugal rotary machine may further include: a connection curved surface forming step of forming a connection curved surface connecting the positive pressure surface and the cut surface in a curved surface shape after the cutting step.
According to the above-described method, since the positive pressure surface and the cut surface are connected in a curved surface shape by the connection curved surface, it is possible to reduce the possibility of separation or vortex in the flow of the fluid flowing along the connection curved surface.
A centrifugal rotary machine according to an aspect of the present invention is a centrifugal rotary machine including: a rotation shaft which is rotatable around an axis; a plurality of impellers which are fixed to the rotation shaft; a casing which is provided with a diffuser flow path covering the impeller from the outside and extending from an outer peripheral side of the impeller outward in the radial direction, a return bend portion turning from an outer radial end portion of the diffuser flow path inward in the radial direction, and a guide flow path extending from the return bend portion inward in the radial direction; and a plurality of return vanes which are provided on the guide flow path at intervals in the rotation direction of the rotation shaft, wherein the return vane includes a cut surface formed by cutting a portion including an inner radial end portion of a virtual airfoil curved forward in the rotation direction as it goes inward in the radial direction and formed by a positive pressure surface recessed forward in the rotation direction and a negative pressure surface protruding forward in the rotation direction from the positive pressure surface to the negative pressure surface.
According to the above-described configuration, the cut surface is formed by cutting a portion including the inner radial end portion of the return vane from the positive pressure surface to the negative pressure surface. Accordingly, an exit angle of the return vane (an angle of the inner radial end surface formed with respect to the radial direction) can be set to be larger than an exit angle of the virtual airfoil. As the exit angle increases, a swirling flow component remains in the flow of the fluid having passed through the return vane. As a result, it is possible to enlarge the operation range of the centrifugal rotary machine.
In the centrifugal rotary machine, the cut surface may be formed in a linear shape when viewed from the axial direction.
According to the above-described configuration, since the cut surface is formed in a linear shape, the exit angle of the return vane can be changed. That is, it is possible to adjust the operation range of the centrifugal rotary machine only by relatively simple machining.
In the centrifugal rotary machine, the cut surface may be formed in an arc shape so as to be recessed forward in the rotation direction when viewed from the axial direction.
According to the above-described configuration, since the cut surface is formed in an arc shape, the flow of the fluid flowing along the cut surface is smoothly guided. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the possibility of separation or vortex in the flow.
In the centrifugal rotary machine, the cut surface may form an angle of 10° or more with respect to the radial direction.
According to the above-described configuration, the cut surface forms an angle of 10° or more with respect to the radial direction. In other words, the exit angle forms an angle of 10° or more. Accordingly, it is possible to more actively cause a swirling flow component included in the flow of the fluid guided by the return vane to remain As a result, it is possible to remarkably expand the operation range of the centrifugal rotary machine.
In the centrifugal rotary machine, a separation distance between the pair of return vanes adjacent to each other in the rotation direction may be the smallest between outer radial end portions of the negative pressure surface of one return vane and the cut surface of the other return vane.
According to the above-described configuration, the separation distance between the return vanes is the smallest between the outer radial end portions of the negative pressure surface of one return vane and the cut surface of the other return vane. Accordingly, it is possible to more smoothly guide the flow of the fluid flowing between the return vanes.
The centrifugal rotary machine may further include: a connection curved surface which connects together the positive pressure surface and the cut surface in a curved surface shape.
According to the above-described configuration, since the positive pressure surface and the cut surface are connected in a curved surface shape by the connection curved surface, it is possible to reduce the possibility of separation or vortex in the flow of the fluid flowing along the connection curved surface.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method of manufacturing a centrifugal rotary machine capable of easily and retroactively expanding an operation range and a centrifugal rotary machine having an expanded operation range.
As shown in
The casing 3 is formed in a cylindrical shape which extends along an axis O. The rotation shaft 1 extends inside the casing 3 so as to penetrate along the axis O. Both end portions of the casing 3 in the direction of the axis O are respectively provided with a journal bearing 5 and a thrust bearing 6. The rotation shaft 1 is supported by the journal bearing 5 and the thrust bearing 6 so as to be rotatable around the axis O.
An intake port 7 which takes in air as a working fluid G from the outside is provided at one side of the casing 3 in the direction of the axis O. Further, an exhaust port 8 through which the working fluid G compressed inside the casing 3 is discharged is provided at the other side of the casing 3 in the direction of the axis O.
An inner space which allows the intake port 7 and the exhaust port 8 to communicate with each other and is repeatedly increased and decreased in diameter is formed inside the casing 3. This inner space accommodates a plurality of the impellers 4 and forms a part of the flow path 2. Additionally, in the following description, a location side of the intake port 7 on the flow path 2 will be referred to as an upstream side and a location side of the exhaust port 8 will be referred to as a downstream side.
A plurality of (six) impellers 4 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotation shaft 1 at intervals in the direction of the axis O. Each impeller 4 includes, as shown in
The disk 41 is formed so that the radial dimension gradually increases as it goes from one side to the other side in the direction of the axis O when viewed from a direction intersecting the axis O, whereby the disk is formed in a substantially conical shape.
The plurality of blades 42 are radially arranged outward in the radial direction about the axis O on the conical surface facing the upstream side in both surfaces of the disk 41 in the direction of the axis O. More specifically, these blades are formed by thin plates erected from the upstream surface of the disk 41 toward the upstream side. These blades 42 are curved from one side toward the other side in the circumferential direction when viewed from the direction of the axis O.
The upstream edge of the blade 42 is provided with the cover 43. In other words, the plurality of blades 42 are sandwiched by the cover 43 and the disk 41 from the direction of the axis O. Accordingly, a space is formed among the cover 43, the disk 41, and a pair of adjacent blades 42. This space forms a part (a compression flow path 22) of the flow path 2 to be described later.
The flow path 2 is a space which allows the impeller 4 with the above-described configuration to communicate with the inner space of the casing 3. In this embodiment, a description will be made such that each impeller 4 (each compression stage) is provided with one flow path 2. That is, in the centrifugal compressor 100, five flow paths 2 which are continuous from the upstream side toward the downstream side are formed so as to correspond to five impellers 4 except for the last impeller 4.
Each flow path 2 includes an intake flow path 21, a compression flow path 22, a diffuser flow path 23, and a guide flow path 25. Additionally,
In the first impeller 4, the intake flow path 21 is directly connected to the intake port 7. External air is taken into each flow path on the flow path 2 as the working fluid G by the intake flow path 21. More specifically, the intake flow path 21 is gradually curved from the direction of the axis O toward the outside in the radial direction as it goes from the upstream side toward the downstream side.
The intake flow path 21 of the second and subsequent impellers 4 communicates with the downstream end of the guide flow path 25 (to be described later) in the front (first) flow path 2. That is, the flow direction of the working fluid G having passed through the guide flow path 25 is changed so as to face the downstream side along the axis O as described above.
The compression flow path 22 is a flow path which is surrounded by the upstream surface of the disk 41, the downstream surface of the cover 43, and the pair of adjacent blades 42 in the circumferential direction. More specifically, the cross-sectional area of the compression flow path 22 gradually decreases from the inside toward the outside in the radial direction. Accordingly, the working fluid G flowing in the compression flow path 22 while the impeller 4 rotates is gradually compressed to become a high-pressure fluid.
The diffuser flow path 23 is a flow path which extends from the inside toward the outside in the radial direction of the axis O. The inner end portion of the diffuser flow path 23 in the radial direction communicates with the outer end portion of the compression flow path 22 in the radial direction.
The guide flow path is a flow path which turns the working fluid G going outward in the radial direction toward the inside in the radial direction so that the working fluid flows into the next impeller 4. The guide flow path is formed by a return bend portion 24 and a guide flow path 25.
The return bend portion 24 reverses the flow direction of the working fluid G flowing from the inside toward the outside in the radial direction through the diffuser flow path 23 toward the inside in the radial direction. One end side (upstream side) of the return bend portion 24 communicates with the diffuser flow path 23 and the other end side (downstream side) thereof communicates with the guide flow path 25. In the middle of the return bend portion 24, a portion located on the outermost side in the radial direction is a top portion. In the vicinity of the top portion, the inner wall surface of the return bend portion 24 is formed as a three-dimensional curved surface, so that the flow of the working fluid G is not disturbed.
The guide flow path 25 extends from the downstream end portion of the return bend portion 24 toward the inside in the radial direction. The outer end portion of the guide flow path 25 in the radial direction communicates with the return bend portion 24. The inner end portion of the guide flow path 25 in the radial direction communicates with the intake flow path 21 of the rear flow path 2 as described above.
Next, the return vane 50 will be described. A plurality of the return vanes 50 are provided inside the guide flow path 25. Specifically, as shown in
The return vane 50 has a wing shape in which an outer radial end portion is a leading edge 51 and an inner radial end portion is a trailing edge 52 when viewed from the direction of the axis O. The return vane 50 is curved toward the front side in the rotation direction R of the rotation shaft 1 as it goes from the leading edge 51 toward the trailing edge 52 (that is, from the outside toward the inside in the radial direction). The return vane 50 is curved so as to protrude toward the front side in the rotation direction R. A surface facing the front side of the return vane 50 in the rotation direction R is formed as a negative pressure surface 53 and a surface facing the rear side in the rotation direction R is formed as a pressure surface 54. When viewed from the direction of the axis O, a line having the same distance from the pressure surface 54 and the negative pressure surface 53 is a center line C.
In this embodiment, an exit angle α of the return vane 50 is inclined toward the front side in the rotation direction R. Here, the exit angle α means an acute angle formed by the center line C of the return vane 50 with respect to a reference line S passing through the trailing edge 52 and the axis O when viewed from the direction of the axis O. The exit angle α is the same between the return vanes 50 of the same stage. The exit angle α is desirably 10° or more and 45° or less.
Further, as shown enlarged in
As shown in
Further, as shown in
Subsequently, a method of manufacturing the centrifugal rotary machine according to the embodiment will be described with reference to
In the fixing step S1, a return vane 50 (return vane body) which will be processed and has the virtual airfoil V is fixed onto the guide flow path 25. Although not shown in detail, the return vane body is fixed to a wall surface of the guide flow path 25 by a bolt.
After the fixing step S1, the cutting step S2 is performed. In the cutting step S2, the cut surface 55 is formed by performing machining (cutting) on the return vane body fixed onto the guide flow path 25. Additionally, it is desirable to perform a checking step of checking whether an operation range reaches a predetermined desired operation range by a trial operation of the centrifugal compressor 100 if necessary between the fixing step S1 and the cutting step S2. When the desired operation range is not satisfied (that is, when the operation range needs to be enlarged), the cutting step S2 is performed. Further, in the cutting step S2, it is desirable to adjust the cutting amount so that the exit angle α of the processed return vane 50 is within the numerical range and the operation range becomes a desired value.
After the cutting step S2, the connection curved surface forming step S3 is performed. In the connection curved surface forming step S3, the connection curved surface 56 is formed. More specifically, the connection curved surface 56 having a curved surface shape is formed by chamfering a corner portion formed between the pressure surface 54 and the cut surface 55. As described above, all steps of the manufacturing method according to the embodiment are completed.
According to the above-described method, the cut surface 55 is formed by cutting a portion including the inner radial end portion of the return vane body from the pressure surface 54 to the negative pressure surface 53 by the cutting step S2. Accordingly, the exit angle α of the return vane 50 (an angle formed by the inner radial end surface with respect to the radial direction) can be set to be larger than the exit angle of the virtual airfoil V. As the exit angle α increases, a swirling flow component remains in the flow of the fluid that has passed through the return vane 50. As a result, the operation range of the centrifugal compressor 100 can be enlarged. Further, in the above-described method, the cutting step S2 is retroactively performed on the return vane body attached to the casing 3 in advance through the fixing step S1. Accordingly, it is possible to easily obtain the centrifugal compressor 100 having a desired operation range without manufacturing the return vane 50 again.
According to the above-described method and configuration, when the cut surface 55 is formed in an arc shape so as to protrude toward the front side in the rotation direction R, the flow of the fluid flowing along the cut surface 55 is smoothly guided. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the possibility of separation or vortex in the flow.
According to the above-described method and configuration, the cut surface 55 forms an angle of 10° or more with respect to the radial direction. In other words, the exit angle α forms an angle of 10° or more. Accordingly, it is possible to more actively cause a swirling flow component included in the flow of the fluid guided by the return vane 50 to remain. As a result, it is possible to remarkably enlarge the operation range of the centrifugal compressor 100.
According to the above-described method and configuration, the separation distance between the return vanes 50 is the smallest between the outer radial end portions of the negative pressure surface 53 of one return vane 50 and the cut surface 55 of the other return vane 50. Accordingly, it is possible to more smoothly guide the flow of the fluid flowing between the return vanes 50.
According to the above-described method and configuration, since the pressure surface 54 and the cut surface 55 are connected to each other in a curved surface shape by the connection curved surface 56, it is possible to reduce the possibility of separation or vortex in the flow of the fluid flowing along the connection curved surface 56.
As described above, the embodiment of the present invention has been described. Additionally, the above-described method and configuration can be modified and improved in various forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the cut surface 55 is formed in an arc shape has been described. However, the shape of the cut surface 55 is not limited thereto and as shown in
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| JP2019-018760 | Feb 2019 | JP | national |
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