Patent Grant
9926641
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a metal sheet having an alloy plated layer.
Heretofore, there has been known a method of forming an alloy plated layer comprising some metals such as nickel and cobalt on a metal sheet such as a steel sheet by means of electroplating (see Patent Document 1, for example).
[Patent Document 1] WO 1997/042667
A method of industrially manufacturing such a metal sheet having an alloy plated layer may ordinarily be such that a metal strip is continuously fed into a plating bath and electroplating is continuously performed in the plating bath. According to such a method, an alloy plated layer can be continuously formed on the metal strip. In such a method, however, concentrations of metal ions in the plating liquid included in the plating bath may have to be suppressed from varying in order to keep constant the composition of the alloy plated layer to be obtained by continuously forming the alloy plated layer.
A method of suppressing the variations of the concentrations of metal ions in the plating liquid included in the plating bath may be mentioned as a method in which metal salt compound powders are added to the plating liquid and dissolved therein in order to supplement metal ions consumed by forming the alloy plated layer, for example. However, this method may be difficult to continuously carry out the addition of powders. If the powders are preliminarily dissolved in water and the obtained liquids are continuously added, an adjustment may be necessary with consideration for the balance of liquid volumes when suppressing the variations of the concentrations of metal ions because in this case the water is also added to the plating liquid. In addition, even though the consumed metal ions can be supplemented, the counterpart anions also increase in the plating liquid as the metal salt compound powders are added. This may result in a trouble that a target composition and desired properties of the alloy plated layer cannot be obtained. Furthermore, such metal salt compound powders are expensive in general, leading to a problem in that the manufacturing cost will be high.
Another method of suppressing the variations of the concentrations of metal ions in the plating liquid included in the plating bath may be considered as a method in which plural anodes comprising respective metals that constitute the alloy plated layer are used as the anodes (positive electrodes). For example, when a nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer is formed, a method may be exemplified in which nickel electrodes and cobalt electrodes are used as the anodes, i.e., as supply sources for nickel and cobalt ions. According to this method, however, the ratio of nickel ions and cobalt ions to be supplied from these electrodes is determined depending on the number of nickel electrodes and the number of cobalt electrodes, and a problem may arise in that an alloy plated layer having a specific ratio can only be formed. In addition, this method requires a plurality of anodes to be used, and the electric current may have to be controlled for each anode. However, it may be considerably difficult to continue to uniformly flow an electric current through each anode, and a problem may arise in that the alloy plated layer cannot be stably formed.
Still another method of suppressing the variations of the concentrations of metal ions in the plating liquid included in the plating bath may be considered as a method in which pellets comprising an alloy of respective metals that constitute the alloy plated layer are used as the anode (positive electrode). However, there is a problem in that manufacturing of pellets comprising an alloy may not be easy, and in particular, manufacturing of alloy pellets containing a metal of a high melting point may be considerably difficult. In addition, the method using alloy pellets may require using the alloy pellets with a composition ratio depending on a desired alloy plated layer. Problems in this case may be that the alloy pellets are required to be prepared depending on the metal ratio of a desired alloy plated layer and that, when the desired alloy plated layer is changed, the alloy pellets filled in an anode basket may have to be entirely replaced, which will require complicated operation. Furthermore, the method using alloy pellets involves a problem in that the ratio of each metal dissolving from the alloy pellets (dissolution ratio) may not be stabilized depending on the kinds of metals that constitute the alloy pellets, so that the desired alloy plated layer cannot be formed.
The present invention has been made in consideration of such actual circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a metal sheet having an alloy plated layer in which method, when the metal sheet having the alloy plated layer is manufactured, the concentrations of metal ions in the plating liquid included in the plating bath can be suppressed from varying and the composition of the alloy plated layer to be obtained can thereby be stabilized.
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by, when passing a metal strip continuously through a plating bath, which comprises an anode and a plating liquid that contains two or more kinds of metal ions for forming the alloy plated layer, to perform electroplating in the plating bath, using an anode obtained by mixing two or more kinds of metal pellets for forming the alloy plated layer as the anode, and controlling a total surface area ratio of each metal pellet, so that a dissolution ratio of each metal pellet that constitutes the anode is constant, thereby to suppress the concentrations of the metal ions in the plating liquid from varying. The inventors have thus accomplished the present invention. Note that “each metal pellet” as used in the present invention refers to a metal pellet or metal pellets comprising each metal.
That is, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a metal sheet having an alloy plated layer. The method comprises a step of passing a metal strip continuously through a plating bath to perform electroplating in the plating bath. The plating bath comprises a plating liquid and an anode. The plating liquid contains two or more kinds of metal ions for forming the alloy plated layer. The method is characterized in that an anode obtained by mixing two or more kinds of metal pellets is used as the anode. The metal pellets are formed of respective metals that form the alloy plated layer. The method is also characterized in that a mixing ratio of each metal pellet that constitutes the anode is determined based on a total surface area ratio of each metal pellet in the anode so that a dissolution ratio of each metal pellet that constitutes the anode is a dissolution ratio corresponding to a weight ratio of each metal that constitutes the alloy plated layer.
The method of manufacturing of the present invention may be configured such that, when respective metals that form the alloy plated layer are represented by M1, M2, M3, . . . and Mn, the dissolution ratios (unit of %) of respective metal pellets that constitute the anode are represented by y(M1), y(M2), y(M3), . . . and y(Mn), and the weight ratios (unit of %) of respective metals that constitute the alloy plated layer are represented by z(M1), z(M2), z(M3), . . . and z(Mn), the mixing ratio of each metal pellet that constitutes the anode is determined based on the total surface area ratio of each metal pellet in the anode so that the dissolution ratio of each metal pellet that constitutes the anode satisfies a relationship of Expression (1) below for the weight ratio of each metal that constitutes the alloy plated layer in terms of each of the M1, M2, M3, . . . and Mn.
z(Mx)−21≤y(Mx)≤z(Mx)+21 (1)
(where Mx represents any of M1, M2, M3, . . . and Mn)
The method of manufacturing of the present invention may be configured such that, when the electroplating is performed in the plating bath while supplementing the metal pellets into the anode, a supplemental ratio of each metal pellet is set to a ratio corresponding to the weight ratio of each metal that constitutes the alloy plated layer.
The method of manufacturing of the present invention may be configured such that each metal pellet to be used has a representative length of 5 to 50 mm and a volume of 60 to 5,000 mm3.
The method of manufacturing of the present invention may be configured such that the alloy plated layer is a nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer and the anode is an anode obtained by mixing a nickel pellet and a cobalt pellet.
The method of manufacturing of the present invention may be configured such that a weight ratio z(Co) (unit of %) of cobalt in the alloy plated layer is within a range of 40≤z(Co)≤60, and the mixing ratios of the nickel pellet and the cobalt pellet that constitute the anode are determined such that a total surface area ratio x(Co) (unit of %) of the cobalt pellet satisfies Expressions (2) and (3) below in relation to the z(Co) and a dissolution ratio y(Co) (unit of %) of the cobalt pellet that constitutes the anode.
z(Co)−21≤y(Co)≤z(Co)+21 (2)
y(Co)=−0.8x(Co)2/100+1.8x(Co) (3)
According to the present invention, when a metal sheet having an alloy plated layer is manufactured, an anode obtained by mixing two or more kinds of metal pellets for forming the alloy plated layer is used as the anode to be used for the electroplating, and the total surface area ratio of each metal pellet is controlled. Therefore, the concentrations of metal ions in the plating liquid included in the plating bath can be suppressed from varying, and the composition of the alloy plated layer to be obtained can thereby be stabilized.
Embodiments according to the present invention will hereinafter be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in
Four anodes 70a to 70d are immersed in the plating bath 20. Among these four anodes 70a to 70d the anodes 70a and 71d are electrically connected to the rectifier 80a, and the anodes 70b and 70c are electrically connected to the rectifier 80b. Anode currents are thus supplied from the external power source (not shown) to the anodes 70a to 70d via the rectifiers 80a and 80b.
The current flows along the metal strip 10 due to the action of the conductor rolls 40 and 60. In this current flowing state, the metal strip 10 is carried into the plating liquid 30 in the plating bath 20 thereby to allow the four anodes 70a to 70d to act to perform alloy plating, and the alloy plated layers are formed on the metal strip 10.
In the present embodiment, the metal strip 10 is not particularly limited. Examples of the metal strip 10 to be used include various metals, such as steel sheet, tin-free steel, aluminum alloy sheet, zinc plated steel sheet, zinc-cobalt-molybdenum composite plated steel sheet, zinc-nickel alloy plated steel sheet, zinc-iron alloy plated steel sheet, alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, zinc-aluminum alloy plated steel sheet, zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy plated steel sheet, nickel plated steel sheet, copper plated steel sheet, and stainless steel sheet.
In the present embodiment, the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10 is also not particularly limited. In view of availability of metal pellets for forming the anodes 70a to 70d to be described later and the stability of the metal pellets, etc, examples of the alloy plated layer include nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer, nickel-tin alloy plated layer, nickel-zinc alloy plated layer, copper-nickel alloy plated layer, tin-zinc alloy plated layer, tin-copper alloy plated layer, tin-cobalt alloy plated layer, copper-zinc alloy plated layer, and copper-cobalt alloy plated layer. Among them, the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer is preferable because a high conductivity can be ensured when it is used for a container for batteries. In this case, it is preferred that the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer has a content ratio of cobalt (z(Co)) within a range of 40 to 60 wt % (40≤z(Co)≤60). The content ratio of cobalt being within the above range allows to ensure a high conductivity while preventing the dissolution of cobalt into an electrolytic liquid when the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer is used for a container for batteries.
An appropriate plating liquid may be used as the plating liquid 30 depending on the type and/or the alloy composition of the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10. There may ordinarily be used a plating liquid containing ions of respective metals that constitute the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10. For example, when the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10 is a nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer, the plating liquid 30 to be used may be a plating bath based on a Watts bath which contains nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, cobalt sulfate, and boric acid. The compounding amounts in this case may be within ranges of nickel sulfate: 10 to 300 g/L, nickel chloride: 20 to 60 g/L, cobalt sulfate: 10 to 250 g/L, and boric acid: 10 to 40 g/L. The present embodiment may be modified such that: a larger amount of the plating liquid 30 than the volume of the plating bath 20 is prepared; a part of the prepared plating liquid 30 is stored in a plating liquid bath (not shown) placed outside the plating bath 20; and electrolytic treatment is performed while circulating the plating liquid between the plating liquid bath and the plating bath 20.
In the present embodiment, an anode obtained by mixing two or more kinds of pellets of metals for forming the alloy plated layer on the metal strip 10 is used as each of the anodes 70a to 70d. That is, when the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10 comprises an alloy of two kinds of metals, i.e., a metal M1 and a metal M2, for example, a mixture of pellets of the metal M1 and pellets of the metal M2 may be used. Details of the anodes 70a to 70d will be described later.
The rectifiers 80a and 80b are not particularly limited. Known rectifiers may be used depending on the magnitudes of currents to be supplied to the conductor rolls 40 and 60 and the anodes 70a to 70d and/or the voltages.
According to the present embodiment, electroplating is performed for the metal strip 10 and the alloy plated layers are formed on the metal strip 10, as will be described below.
First, the metal strip 10 is carried into the plating bath 20 by means of the conductor roll 40, and further carried, in the plating liquid 30 in the plating bath 20, between the anodes 70a and 70b immersed in the plating liquid 30. When passing through between the anodes 70a and 70b, the metal strip 10 faces the anodes 70a and 70b, and a direct current applied from the external power source via the conductor rolls 40 and 60 acts to perform electroplating so 15 that the formation of the alloy plated layers is performed.
After the anodes 70a and 70b act to perform electroplating, the metal strip 10 is turned to the reverse traveling direction by means of the sink roll 50 before being carried between the anodes 70c and 70d immersed in the plating liquid 30. When passing through between the anodes 70c and 70d, the metal strip 10 faces the anodes 70c and 70d, and the direct current applied from the external power source via the conductor rolls 40 and 60 acts to perform electroplating so that further formation of the alloy plated layers is performed. The metal strip 10 is then pulled out by the conductor roll 60. According to the present embodiment, the alloy plated layers are thus formed on both sides of the metal strip 10.
The present embodiment may be further provided with a bath to perform a pretreatment such as strike plating before the electroplating is performed in the plating bath 20, and/or an electrolytic liquid rinsing bath to rinse away the plating liquid 30 attached to the metal strip 10 after the electroplating is performed in the plating bath 20.
The anodes 70a to 70d used in the present embodiment will then be described in detail. In the present embodiment, an anode obtained by mixing two or more kinds of pellets of metals for forming the alloy plated layer on the metal strip 10 is used as each of the anodes 70a to 70d. Specifically, when the alloy plated layer comprises an alloy of two kinds of metals, i.e., a metal M1 and a metal M2, an anode basket may be used after being filled with a mixture of pellets of the metal M1 and pellets of the metal M2. More specifically, when the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10 is a nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer, for example, each of the anodes 70a to 70d can be configured by filling an anode basket with a mixture of nickel pellets and cobalt pellets.
When the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10 comprises an alloy of three or more kinds of metals (e.g., an alloy of M1, M2 and M3), each of the anodes 70a to 70d may be configured using metal pellets corresponding to these three or more kinds of metals.
In the present embodiment, a mixing ratio of each of plural kinds of metal pellets to be used as the anodes 70a to 70d may be determined as below. That is, a total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d may be obtained so that a dissolution ratio of each kind of metal pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d is a dissolution ratio corresponding to a weight ratio of each metal that constitutes the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10, and the mixing ratio of each kind of metal pellets to be used as the anodes 70a to 70d may be determined on the basis of the total surface area ratio.
More specific determination method for the mixing ratio of each kind of metal pellets may preferably be as follows. Now assume that: respective metals that form the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10 are represented by M1, M2, M3, . . . and Mn; the dissolution ratios (unit of %) of respective kinds of metal pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d are represented by y(M1), y(M2), y(M3), . . . and y(Mn); and the weight ratios (unit of %) of respective metals that constitute the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10 are represented by z(M1), z(M2), z(M3), . . . and z(Mn).
In the present embodiment, the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets in 10 the anodes 70a to 70d may be obtained so that the dissolution ratio of each kind of metal pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d satisfies a relationship of Expression (1) below for the weight ratio of each metal that constitutes the alloy plated layer in terms of each of the M1, M2, M3, . . . and Mn, and the mixing ratio of each kind of metal pellets to be used as the anodes 70a to 70d may be determined on the basis of the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets.
z(Mx)−21≤y(Mx)≤z(Mx)+21 (1)
(where M1 represents any of M1, M2, M3, . . . and Mn)
It is thus preferred in the present embodiment that the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets in the anodes 70a to 70d is obtained so as to satisfy the above Expression (1), and the mixing ratio of each kind of metal pellets to be used as the anodes 70a to 70d is determined on the basis of the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets. More preferred is that the relationship of Expression (4) below is satisfied, and further preferred is that the relationship of Expression (5) below is satisfied.
z(Mx)−11≤y(Mx)≤z(Mx)+11 (4)
z(Mx)−5≤y(Mx)≤z(Mx)+5 (5)
(where Mx represents any of M1, M2, M3, . . . and Mn)
According to the present embodiment, by performing control as the above, the amounts of metal ions of M1, M2 and M3 consumed in the plating liquid 30 due to the formation of the alloy plated layers on the metal strip 10 can be approximately the same as the amounts of metal ions of M1, M2 and M3 supplied from the anodes. This allows the ratio and the content ratio of metal ions of each of the M1, M2, M3, . . . and Mn contained in the plating liquid 30 to be constant. Consequently, the composition of the alloy plating formed on the metal strip 10 can be stabilized.
Here, according to the present embodiment, the dissolution ratio of each kind of metal pellets can be controlled by the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets in the anodes 70a to 70d. That is, the dissolution ratio of each kind of metal pellets depends on the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets in the anodes 70a to 70d. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets in the anodes 70a to 70d is controlled thereby to control the dissolution ratio of each kind of metal pellets. This allows the metal ion concentrations in the plating bath 20 to be constant, so that the composition of the alloy plated layer formed on the metal strip 10 can be stabilized.
The dissolution ratio of each kind of metal pellets as used herein refers to a weight ratio of each metal dissolved by the anode currents and can be calculated from the ion balance in the plating reaction.
The total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets as used herein refers to a ratio of the surface area of each kind of metal pellets to the surface area of all the metal pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d. That is, when the anodes 70a to 70d comprise nickel pellets and cobalt pellets, for example, the total surface area ratio of cobalt is represented by a ratio of the surface area of all the cobalt pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d to the sum of the surface area of all the nickel pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d and the surface area of all the cobalt pellets. For example, when the specific surface area of nickel pellets is represented by SNi [cm2/g] and the compounding amount of the nickel pellets is represented by ANi [g], the surface area of all the nickel pellets can be represented by ANi×SNi [cm2]. When the specific surface area of cobalt pellets is represented by SCo [cm2/g] and the compounding amount of the cobalt pellets is represented by ACo [g], the surface area of all the cobalt pellets can be represented by ACo×SCo [cm2]. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets calculated from the compounding amount and the specific surface area may be controlled so that the dissolution ratio of each kind of metal pellets corresponds to a metal ratio (weight ratio) in the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10. This allows the metal ion concentrations in the plating liquid 30 to be constant, so that the composition of the alloy plated layer formed on the metal strip 10 can be stabilized.
In the present embodiment, when the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10 is a nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer, the weight ratio of cobalt may preferably be 40 to 60 wt %, i.e., the weight ratio z(Co) (unit of %) of cobalt in the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer may preferably be within a range of 40≤z(Co)≤60. In this case, it is preferred that the mixing ratios (weight ratios) of the nickel pellets and the cobalt pellets are as follows.
That is, when the total surface area ratio (unit of %) of the cobalt pellets contained in the anodes 70a to 70d is represented by x(Co), and the dissolution ratio (unit of %) of the cobalt pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d is represented by y(Co), the mixing ratios of the nickel pellets and the cobalt pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d may preferably be determined such that the x(Co) satisfies Expressions (2) and (3) below in relation to the z(Co) and the y(Co).
z(Co)−21≤y(Co)≤z(Co)+21 (2)
y(Co)=−0.8x(Co)2/10+1.8x(Co) (3)
Here, when the total surface area ratio (unit of %) of the nickel pellets contained in the anodes 70a to 70d is represented by x(Ni), and the dissolution ratio (unit of %) of the nickel pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d is represented by y(Ni), and the weight ratio (unit of %) of nickel in the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer is represented by z(Ni), the following equations will be satisfied in general: x(Co)+x(Ni)=100; y(Co)+y(Ni)=100; and z(Co)+z(Ni)=100.
According to the present embodiment, the total surface area ratio x(Co) of the cobalt pellets contained in the anodes 70a to 70d may be controlled so that the dissolution ratio y(Co) of the cobalt pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d satisfies the above Expressions (2) and (3), thereby to allow the ratios and the content ratios of nickel ions and cobalt ions contained in the plating liquid 30 to be constant. Consequently, the composition of the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer formed on the metal strip 10 can be stabilized. In view of further stabilizing the composition of the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer, it is more preferred that Expression (6) below is satisfied, and further preferred is that Expression (7) below is satisfied.
z(Co)−11≤y(Co)≤z(Co)+11 (6)
z(Co)−5≤y(Co)≤z(Co)+5 (7)
The above Expression (2) is a relational expression representing a relationship between the dissolution ratio y(Co) of the cobalt pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d and the weight ratio z(Co) of cobalt in the alloy plated layer. According to a knowledge of the present inventors, by setting the y(Co) to satisfy the above Expression (2) (more preferably the above Expression (6), and further preferably the above Expression (7)) in relation to the z(Co), the ratios and the content ratios of nickel ions and cobalt ions contained in the plating liquid 30 can be constant thereby to stabilize the composition of the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer formed on the metal strip 10.
The above Expression (3) is a relational expression representing a relationship between the dissolution ratio y(Co) of the cobalt pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d and the total surface area ratio x(Co) of the cobalt pellets contained in the anodes 70a to 70d. According to a knowledge of the present inventors, when the weight ratio z(Co) of cobalt in the alloy plated layer is within a range of 40≤z(Co)≤60, the y(Co) and the x(Co) satisfy the above Expression (3). Therefore, according to the present embodiment, a target dissolution ratio y(Co) of the cobalt pellets may be obtained on the basis of the above Expression (2); the obtained dissolution ratio y(Co) of the cobalt pellets may be used to obtain a target total surface area ratio x(Co) of the cobalt pellets in accordance with the above Expression (3); and the mixing ratios (weight ratios) of the nickel pellets and the cobalt pellets can be determined on the basis of the obtained total surface area ratio x(Co) of the cobalt pellets.
For example, when the weight ratio z(Co) of cobalt in the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer is set to z(Co)=50 (i.e., 50 wt %), the dissolution ratio y(Co) of the cobalt pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d may preferably be within a range of 29≤y(Co)≤71 from the above Expression (2), more preferably within a range of 39≤y(Co)≤61 from the above Expression (6), and further preferably within a range of 45≤y(Co)≤55 from the above Expression (7). In this case, the total surface area ratio x(Co) of the cobalt pellets contained in the anodes 70a to 70d may preferably be within a range of 17.5≤x(Co)≤51.0 from the above Expressions (2) and (3), more preferably within a range of 24.3≤x(Co)≤41.6 from the above Expressions (3) and (6), and further preferably within a range of 28.6≤x(Co)≤36.5 from the above Expressions (3) and (7).
Thus, as apparent from the specific numerical ranges when the weight ratio z(Co) of cobalt in the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer is set to z(Co)=50, for example, in order to form a stable alloy plated layer in the present embodiment, the mixing ratios (weight ratios) of the metal pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d may have to be in a relationship that satisfies the above expressions rather than corresponding necessarily to the metal ratios (weight ratios) of the alloy plated layer. According to the present embodiment, the total surface area ratio x(Co) of the cobalt pellets may be obtained so as to satisfy the above expressions, and the mixing ratios (weight ratios) of the nickel pellets and the cobalt pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d may be obtained on the basis of the obtained total surface area ratio x(Co) of the cobalt pellets. A method of obtaining the mixing ratios (weight ratios) of the nickel pellets and the cobalt pellets from the total surface area ratio x(Co) of the cobalt pellets may be mentioned as a method of using values of the surface areas per unit weight of the nickel pellets and the cobalt pellets.
The above description is exemplified mainly with reference to the case in which the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer is formed on the metal strip 10, but the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the shape and the mixing ratio of each of the plural kinds of metal pellets used as the anodes 70a to 70d may be within the above-described ranges. However, it may be inevitable that the metal pellets used as the anodes 70a to 70d are dissolved and consumed as the plating process proceeds, in general.
In particular, when the densities of respective kinds of metal pellets are not significantly different and the target dissolution ratios are the same (1:1), the variations in the total surface area ratios of the respective kinds of metal pellets due to consumption can be suppressed and a stable alloy plated layer can thereby be formed if the respective kinds of metal pellets have the same shape and the same size. Therefore, it is preferred that the respective kinds of metal pellets have the same shape and the same size. However, even if metal pellets having the same shape and the same size are not available, or the densities of metals that constitute the respective kinds of metal pellets are different, or the target dissolution ratios are not the same (1:1), it is not necessarily required to use metal pellets having the same shape and the same size. In such a case, it is preferred to select and use metal pellets having shapes and sizes that can reduce the variations in the total surface area ratios of the respective kinds of metal pellets due to consumption. In particular, by adjusting the shapes and the sizes of the respective kinds of metal pellets, the variation in the surface area of each metal pellet due to consumption can be predicted even if the respective kinds of metal pellets do not necessarily have the same shape and the same size. Therefore, if such variations in the surface areas are synchronized between the respective kinds of metal pellets, the variations in the total surface area ratios of the respective kinds of metal pellets due to consumption can be effectively suppressed, and a stable alloy plated layer can thereby be formed.
In addition to the above method, according to the present embodiment, also by regularly supplementing the respective kinds of metal pellets at predetermined ratios in order to supplement the consumed metal pellets as will be described later, it is possible to suppress the variations in the total surface area ratios of the respective kinds of metal pellets due to the effect of the metal pellets which have already been consumed.
In the present embodiment, with consideration for stabilizing the composition of the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10, it is preferred that the current density when performing the electroplating is 1 to 40 A/dm2 and the pH of the plating liquid 30 is 1.5 to 5. It is also preferred that the temperature of the plating liquid 30 (bath temperature) is 40° C. to 80° C. If the current density when performing the electroplating is unduly high or unduly low, or the pH of the plating liquid 30 is unduly high or unduly low, or the temperature of the plating liquid 30 is unduly high or unduly low, the composition of the alloy plated layer to be formed may possibly be unstable.
In the present embodiment, as the plating process proceeds, the respective kinds of metal pellets will be dissolved and consumed. Therefore, it is preferred to regularly supplement the respective kinds of metal pellets into the anode basket. The supplemental ratio of each kind of metal pellets when supplementing the metal pellets may preferably be, but is not particularly limited to, a ratio corresponding to the weight ratio of each metal that constitutes the alloy plated layer. For example, the alloy plated layer to be formed on the metal strip 10 is a nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer with a content ratio of cobalt of 50 wt %, the ratio of each kind of metal pellets may be set such that a weight ratio of “nickel pellets:cobalt pellets” is 1:1. In particular, each kind of metal pellets in the anodes 70a to 70d dissolves with a weight ratio corresponding to the composition ratio of the alloy plated layer to be formed. Therefore, when supplementing the metal pellets according to the present embodiment, the supplement may preferably be performed with a ratio corresponding to the weight ratio of each metal that constitutes the alloy plated layer, thereby to allow the alloy plated layer to be formed stably. Thus, when supplementing the metal pellets according to the present embodiment, each kind of metal pellets may be supplemented with a ratio corresponding to the weight ratio of each metal that constitutes the alloy plated layer. Therefore, even if the metal pellets are consumed as the plating proceeds, the metal pellets can be readily supplemented.
The timing of performing the supplement of metal pellets is not particularly limited. However, if the metal pellets dissolve to reduce the total surface area, i.e., the surface area of all the metal pellets that constitute the anodes 70a to 70d decreases, the current density of the anodes or the cathode may deviate from a set range. Therefore, the pellets may preferably be supplemented continuously.
In the present embodiment, the metal pellets to be used as the anodes 70a to 70d are not particularly limited, but each metal pellet to be used may preferably have a representative length (which refers to the diameter in a case of spherical pellets, or in a case of other shape, refers to the maximum length of the shape) of 5 to 50 mm (preferably 5 to 40 mm) and a volume of 60 to 5,000 mm3. According to the present embodiment, by using the pellets having such representative length and volume, the metal pellets can be continuously supplemented with desired weight ratios when supplementing the metal pellets, while stabilizing the total surface area ratios without significant variations. Moreover, the specific surface area can be suppressed from varying due to consumption thereby to suppress the variation in the total surface area of each kind of metal pellets, and the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets can thus be suppressed from varying. Furthermore, by using the pellets having such representative length and volume, the metal pellets added during the supplement can suppress the variation in the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets due to the effect of the metal pellets which have already been consumed, and a sufficient stability can thus be obtained.
In particular, if the representative length of the metal pellets is unduly large, the total surface area significantly varies when the metal pellets are added for supplement, so that the total surface area is unlikely to be stable, because the weight and the surface area of each metal pellet are large. In particular, when metal pellets having different sizes are used as the respective kinds of metal pellets, if the supplement of the metal pellets is performed in terms of the weight ratios as described above, the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets readily varies, which may be undesirable. In such circumstances, as a result of intensive studies with consideration for the plating rate and the size of anode basket which are industrially available; the size of the metal strip 10 to be plated with coating; and the scale of the plant, the inventors have found that the metal pellets having a representative length and a volume within the above ranges can be used thereby to suppress the variations in the total surface areas and the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets due to the supplement. Therefore, in view of suppressing such variations in the total surface areas and the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets due to the supplement, it is preferred in the present embodiment to use the metal pellets having a representative length and a volume within the above ranges.
However, if the size or volume of the metal pellets to be used (the initial size before being consumed) is unduly large, the difference between the specific surface area of the initial metal pellets before being consumed and that of the metal pellets after being consumed will be large. This may cause the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets to considerably vary due to consumption. As a result of the above, the composition of the alloy plated layer to be formed will be unstable, which may not be desirable. In addition, unduly large representative length of the metal pellets may make it difficult to fill the anode basket with the metal pellets with no spaces so that the filling rate is reduced, and there will possibly be hollow spaces in which no pellets exist. In this case, the solubility into the plating liquid 30 may also deteriorate.
If, on the other hand, the representative length is unduly small or the volume is unduly small, the pellets may bound or drop when filling the anode basket, causing poor handling ability, and the pellets may come out from the mesh of the anode basket and get jammed to project between the anode basket and an anode bag which is provided outside the anode basket. Unduly large representative length may make it difficult to fill the anode basket with the metal pellets with no spaces so that the filling rate is reduced, and there will possibly be hollow spaces in which no pellets exist. In this case, the solubility into the plating liquid 30 may also deteriorate.
In contrast, by using the metal pellets having a representative length of 5 to 50 mm and a volume of 60 to 5,000 mm3, the metal pellets can be continuously supplemented with desired weight ratios when supplementing the metal pellets, while stabilizing the total surface area ratios without significant variations. Moreover, the specific surface area can be suppressed from varying due to consumption thereby to suppress the variation in the total surface area of each kind of metal pellets. Furthermore, by using the metal pellets having such representative length and volume, the metal pellets added during the supplement can suppress the variation in the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets due to the effect of the metal pellets which have already been consumed, and a sufficient stability can thus be obtained.
In the present embodiment, the shape of metal pellets used for the anodes 70a to 70d is not particularly limited, but there may preferably be used spherical, ellipsoidal, cylindrical, coin-like or other such shapes. In particular, by using the metal pellets of such a shape to fill the anodes 70a to 70d, even when the metal pellets are consumed (dissolved) and become small as the electroplating proceeds, the initial shape can be maintained to some extent of size. In addition, when dissolution further proceeds, the shape of metal pellets comes finally to spherical shape, and hence, calculation or prediction of the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets due to consumption can be easily performed. This may be advantageous because the total surface area ratio of each kind of metal pellets can be easily stabilized.
In the present embodiment, metal salt compound powder may appropriately be added to the plating liquid in order to adjust the concentration of the plating liquid. Preferably, the additive amount of the metal salt compound powder may appropriately be set within a range that does not impair the action and effect of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, when the alloy plated layer is formed on the metal strip 10 by means of electroplating, an anode obtained by mixing two or more kinds of metal pellets for forming the alloy plated layer is used as each of the anodes (positive electrodes) 70a to 70d. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the metal ion concentrations in the plating liquid included in the plating bath can be suppressed from varying. This allows the alloy plated layer to be formed stably on the metal strip 10. In particular, according to the present embodiment, there may not occur a trouble that the counterpart anions increase, which would occur when employing a method of adding metal salt compound powders to the plating liquid and dissolving them in the plating liquid. It is therefore possible to effectively prevent the problem in association with the above trouble, i.e., the problem in that a target composition and desired properties of the plated film cannot be stably obtained.
In addition, according to the present embodiment, by varying the compounding ratios of the metal pellets for forming the alloy plated layer, the dissolution ratios of the anodes can be finely set. This allows the alloy plated layer to have an alloy composition which can be finely selected from a wide variety of composition ranges.
In particular, when a nickel-cobalt alloy plated layer is formed, there may be exemplified a method in which nickel electrodes and cobalt electrodes are used as anodes and these electrodes act as supply sources for nickel ions and cobalt ions. This method may involve problems as below.
For example, as shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In addition, in the examples shown in
To overcome such a problem, as shown in
In contrast, according to the present embodiment, the compounding ratios of respective kinds of metal pellets for forming the alloy plated layer can be varied thereby to finely set the dissolution ratios of the anodes. In addition, the ratio of metal ions supplied from each anode can be even. Therefore, the troubles as in the above examples shown in
The present invention will hereinafter be more specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
First, a steel strip (thickness of 0.2 mm and width of 200 mm) having a chemical composition as below was prepared:
C: 0.039 wt/%, Mn: 0.02 wt %, Si: 0.22 wt %, P: 0.016 wt %, S: 0.008 wt %, and the balance: Fe and unavoidable impurities.
After electrolytic degreasing, water washing, acid washing with sulfuric acid, and further water washing for the prepared steel strip in this order, a process was performed to continuously form nickel-cobalt alloy plated layers on the surfaces of the steel strip using the plating line shown in
Specifically, the process was performed to continuously form the nickel-cobalt alloy plated layers under a condition of a current density for each of the anodes 70a to 70d: 10 A/dm2 and plating time: 8 hours, while stirring 2 L of the plating liquid 30.
An anode obtained by filling an anode basket with a mixture of 1,469 g of spherical nickel pellets (specific surface area: 0.6 cm2/g, diameter: 10.7 mm) and 733 g of coin-like cobalt pellets (specific surface area: 0.6 cm2/g, diameter in a surface perpendicular to the thickness direction: 34.0 mm) was used as each of the anodes 70a to 70d. Namely, an anode of nickel pellets (x(Ni)):cobalt pellets (x(Co))=66.7:33.3 (surface area ratio) was used.
In the present Example, the plating liquid as below was used as the plating liquid 30:
bath composition: nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, and boric acid with the contents of nickel ion concentration: 65.4 g/L and cobalt ion concentration: 12.6 g/L;
pH: 3.5 to 5.0; and
bath temperature: 60° C.
In the present Example, the stability of the plating liquid was evaluated by measuring the nickel ion concentration and the cobalt ion concentration in the plating liquid every 1 hour during 8 hours of the plating process. Measurement results of the nickel ion concentration and the cobalt ion concentration during 8 hours of the plating process are shown in
Nickel-cobalt alloy plated layers were continuously formed on a steel strip by performing the electroplating like in Example 1 except for using an anode obtained by filling an anode basket with a mixture of 974 g of spherical nickel pellets (specific surface area: 0.6 cm2/g, diameter: 10.7 mm) and 985 g of coin-like cobalt pellets (specific surface area: 0.6 cm2/g, diameter in a surface perpendicular to the thickness direction: 34.0 mm) as each of the anodes 70a to 70d (nickel pellets (x(Ni)):cobalt pellets (x(Co))=49.7:50.3 (surface area ratio)). Measurement results of the nickel ion concentration and the cobalt ion concentration during 8 hours of the plating process are shown in
Nickel-cobalt alloy plated layers were continuously formed on a steel strip by performing the electroplating like in Example 1 except for using an anode obtained by filling an anode basket with a mixture of 1,684 g of spherical nickel pellets (specific surface area: 0.6 cm2/g, diameter: 10.7 mm) and 558 g of coin-like cobalt pellets (specific surface area: 0.6 cm2/g, diameter in a surface perpendicular to the thickness direction: 34.0 mm) as each of the anodes 70a to 70d (nickel pellets (x(Ni)):cobalt pellets (x(Co))=75.1:24.9 (surface area ratio)). In Example 3, the plating process time was changed from 8 hours to 6 hours. Measurement results of the nickel ion concentration and the cobalt ion concentration during 6 hours of the plating process are shown in
Nickel-cobalt alloy plated layers were continuously formed on a steel strip by performing the electroplating like in Example 1 except for using an anode obtained by filling an anode basket only with 2,222 g of spherical nickel pellets (specific surface area: 0.6 cm2/g, diameter: 10.7 mm) as each of the anodes 70a to 70d. Measurement results of the nickel ion concentration and the cobalt ion concentration during 8 hours of the plating process are shown in
Nickel-cobalt alloy plated layers were continuously formed on a steel strip by performing the electroplating like in Example 1 except for using an anode obtained by filling an anode basket only with 1,738 g of coin-like cobalt pellets (specific surface area: 0.6 cm2/g, diameter in a surface perpendicular to the thickness direction: 34.0 mm) as each of the anodes 70a to 70d. Measurement results of the nickel ion concentration and the cobalt ion concentration during 8 hours of the plating process are shown in
As shown in
In contrast, as shown in
Table 1 shows a relationship among the total surface area ratio x(Co) of the cobalt pellets in the anodes 70a to 70d, the dissolution ratio y(Co) of the cobalt pellets, and evaluation results of the stability of the plating liquid. In Table 1, the stability of the plating liquid was evaluated with the criteria below. That is, the evaluation was conducted with the criteria below on the basis of the degree of instability during 6 hours of each metal ion concentration (g/L) that constitutes the plating liquid (i.e., the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value during 6 hours). As the degree of instability is small, the plating liquid can be evaluated to be stable.
A: The degree of instability is not larger than 5 g/L and the deviation from the initial value is within ±3.5 g/L.
B: The degree of instability is not larger than 5 g/L and the deviation from the initial value is beyond ±3.5 g/L.
C: The degree of instability is not larger than 8 g/L.
D: The degree of instability is larger than 8 g/L.
As apparent from the results of Table 1, it can be confirmed that Examples 1 to 3, in particular Examples 1 and 3, are excellent in the stability of the plating liquid.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-227647 | Oct 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/072954 | 8/28/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014/061352 | 4/24/2014 | WO | A |
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| European Search report dated May 30, 2016 in application No. 13847766.6 is provided; pp. 1-8. |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20150247254 A1 | Sep 2015 | US |
