Claims
- 1. The process for preparing a 3-methylenecepham sulfoxide of the formula ##STR58## by reacting a compound of the formula ##STR59## with a Lewis acid type Friedel-Crafts catalyst, a Bronsted proton acid type Friedel-Crafts catalyst or a metathetic cation-forming agent in a dry inert organic solvent, or dissolving such compound in a Bronsted acid selected from the group consisting of methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trilfuoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, or dichloroacetic acid; wherein in the above formulae
- R is a carboxylic acid protecting group;
- R' is R or hydrogen;
- R.sub.1 is (1) an imido group of the formula ##STR60## wherein R.sub.2 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenylene, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene, 1,2-phenylene, 1,2-cyclohexenylene; or
- 2.
- 2. an amido group of the formula ##STR61## wherein R.sub.3 is a. hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, halomethyl, cyanomethyl or 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl;
- b. benzyloxy, 4-nitrobenzyloxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, tert-butoxy, or 4-methoxybenzyloxy;
- c. the group R" wherein R" is phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, protected hydroxy, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy;
- d. an arylalkyl group of the formula
- R.sup.o -- (Q).sub.m --CH.sub.2 --
- wherein R.sup.o is R" as defined above, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl or 1,4-cyclohexadienyl, m is 0 or 1, and Q is O or S subject to the limitation that when m is 1, R.sup.o is R";
- e. a substituted arylalkyl group of the formula ##STR62## wherein R.sup.o is as defined above and W is protected hydroxy or protected amino;
- 3.
- 3. an imido group of the formula ##STR63## wherein R.sup.o and m are as defined hereinabove and R.sub.2 ' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy or trichloroethoxy; or R.sub.1 is
- 4.
- 4. an imidazolidinyl group of the formula ##STR64## wherein R.sup.o is as defined above and Y is acetyl or nitroso; and X is
- chloro or bromo;
- 2. a group of the formula --OR.sub.4 wherein R.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl) or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl;
- 3. a group of the formula -SR.sub.5 wherein R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, aryl or aryl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl); or
- 4. a group of the formula ##STR65## wherein a. R.sub.6 is hydrogen and R.sub.7 is hydrogen, R" is as defined hereinabove, or a group of the formula --NHR.sub.8 wherein R.sub.8 is aminocarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylaminocarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylcarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxycarbonyl or tosyl;
- b. R.sub.6 is --COOR.sub.9 or --COR.sub.9 and R.sub.7 is --NHCOOR.sub.9 or --NHCOR.sub.9 wherein R.sub.9 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or phenyl; or wherein
- c. R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded taken together form an imido group of the formula ##STR66## wherein R.sub.2 is as defined hereinabove; and when R6 is --COOR.sub.9 or --COR.sub.9 and R.sub.7 is --NHCOOR.sub.9 or --NHCOR.sub.9, R.sub.3 is additionally a heteroarylmethyl group of the formula R""CH.sub.2 -- wherein R"" is 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl or 5-isoxazolyl;
- with the limitations that when X is bromo, R.sub.1 is only an imido group of the formula ##STR67## when the cyclizing agent is a metathetic caton-forming agent or a Lewis acid, X is only chloro or bromo; and when R is an acid labile carboxylic acid protecting group, the product is a 3-methylenecepham-4-carboxylic
- acid sulfoxide. 2. The process of claim 1 wherein R is methyl, tert-butyl, benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkanoyloxymethyl, 2-iodoethyl, 4-nitrobenzyl, diphenylmethyl (benzhydryl), phenacyl, 4-halophenacyl, dimethylallyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, tri(C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl)silyl or
- succinimidomethyl. 3. The process of claim 2 wherein R is methyl,
- 2-iodoethyl, 4-nitrobenzyl, 4-halophenacyl and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl. 4. The process of claim 1 wherein a metal halide Lewis acid type catalyst or a metathetic cation-forming agent is employed.
- 5. The process of claim 4 wherein a metathetic cation-forming agent is employed.
- 6. The process of claim 5 wherein the metathetic cation-forming agent is an anhydrous silver salt.
- 7. The process of claim 6 wherein silver p-toluenesulfonate is employed.
- 8. The process of claim 7 wherein the reaction temperature is about 20.degree. to about 80.degree. C.
- 9. The process of claim 4 wherein a metal halide Lewis acid type catalyst is employed.
- 10. The process of claim 9 wherein the catalyst is aluminum chloride, stannic chloride, stannic bromide, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, antimony pentachloride, titanium tetrachloride, ferric chloride, gallium trichloride, zirconium tetrachloride, mercuric chloride or chromium trichloride.
- 11. The process of claim 9 wherein the inert organic solvent is an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent or a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent.
- 12. The process of claim 9 wherein the catalyst is stannic chloride, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zirconium tetrachloride or titanium tetrachloride.
- 13. The process of claim 9 wherein the reaction is effected with about 1:1 equivalents of the Friedel-Crafts catalyst in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent or a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of about 10.degree. to about 115.degree. C.
- 14. The process of claim 13 wherein stannic bromide, stannic chloride or antimony pentachloride is employed at a temperature of about 10.degree. to about 40.degree. C.
- 15. The process of claim 14 wherein the reaction is effected at room temperature with stannic chloride.
- 16. The process of claim 13 wherein the reaction is effected with aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, ferric chloride, gallium trichloride, zirconium tetrachloride, mercuric chloride or chromium trichloride at a temperature of about 40.degree. to about 115.degree. C.
- 17. The process of claim 13 wherein titanium tetrachloride is employed at a temperature of about 40.degree. to about 100.degree. C.
- 18. The process of claim 13 wherein X is chloro, R.sub.1 is an amido group of the formula ##STR68## and R.sub.3 is an arylalkyl group of the formula R.sup.o --(O).sub.m --CH.sub.2 --.
- 19. The process of claim 18 wherein the Friedel-Crafts catalyst is stannic chloride.
- 20. The process of claim 19 wherein R.sub.3 is benzyl, 2-thienylmethyl, or phenoxymethyl.
- 21. The process of claim 1 wherein a Bronsted proton acid type catalyst is employed.
- 22. The process of claim 21 wherein X is chloro or bromo.
- 23. The process of claim 21 wherein X is a group of the formula --OR.sub.4, a group of the formula --SR.sub.5 or a group of the formula ##STR69##
- 24. The process of claim 21 wherein the reaction is effected in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent or a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of about 70.degree. to about 115.degree. C.
- 25. The process of claim 24 wherein the Friedel-Crafts catalyst is a conjugate Friedel-Crafts acid catalyst of the type HMA.sub.4,6.
- 26. The process of claim 25 wherein the Friedel-Crafts catalyst is HBF.sub.4, HAlCl.sub.4, HAsF.sub.6 or HAlBr.sub.4.
- 27. The process of claim 24 wherein the Friedel-Crafts catalyst is an acidic chalcide.
- 28. The process of claim 27 wherein the catalyst is phosphorous pentoxide.
- 29. The process of claim 24 wherein the Bronsted proton acid catalyst is methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, perchloric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or fluorosulfonic acid.
- 30. The process of claim 29 wherein the Bronsted proton acid catalyst is methanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or polyphosphoric acid.
- 31. The process of claim 21 wherein the starting material is dissolved in methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid or dichloroacetic acid at room temperature and maintained in solution for about 10 to about 30 minutes.
- 32. The process of claim 31 wherein X is a group of the formula --OR.sub.4, a group of the formula --SR.sub.5 or a group of the formula ##STR70##
- 33. The process of claim 32 wherein R.sub.1 is an amido group of the formula ##STR71## and R.sub.3 is an arylalkyl group of the formula R.sup.o --(O).sub.m --CH.sub.2 --.
- 34. The process of claim 33 wherein methanesulfonic acid is employed as the cyclizing agent.
- 35. The process of claim 1 wherein R is benzhydryl, 4-methoxybenzyl, tert-butyl, or tri(C.sub.1 --C.sub.3 alkyl)silyl and R' is hydrogen.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 632,733 filed Nov. 19, 1975, now abandoned, which application was a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 536,280 filed Dec. 24, 1974, now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Name |
Date |
Kind |
3960851 |
Kukolja et al. |
Jun 1976 |
|
Continuation in Parts (2)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
632733 |
Nov 1975 |
|
Parent |
536280 |
Dec 1974 |
|