Claims
- 1. A method of preparing an anti-fouling coating, the method comprising:
soaking polymeric gel beads in the presence of a solution including a solvent and a biocide to swell the beads and absorb both the solvent and the biocide therein; evaporating the solvent; rinsing any biocide of the surface of the beads; and mixing the beads in a coating material.
- 2. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the beads have a diameter of less than 200 μm.
- 3. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the beads have a diameter of less than 50 μm.
- 4. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the polymeric gel beads are made of polystyrene.
- 5. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the polystyrene beads are crosslinked with divinylbenzene.
- 6. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the solvent dissolves the biocide and swells the gel beads.
- 7. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 6 in which the solvent is chosen from the group consisting of xylene, acetone, benzene, toluene, chloroform, dichloroform, dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran.
- 8. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 7 in which the biocide is a 30 percent solution of 4,5-dichloro-2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in xylene.
- 9. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 7 in which the biocide is SEA-NINE™ 211.
- 10. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 7 in which the biocide is IRGAROL® 1051.
- 11. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the biocide is copper.
- 12. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the biocide is a mixture of copper and SEA-NINE™ 211.
- 13. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the biocide is a mixture of copper and IRGAROL® 1051.
- 14. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which 20 percent or more of the biocide is encapsulated in the gel beads.
- 15. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which 20 percent or more of SEA-NINE™ 211 is encapsulated in the gel beads.
- 16. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the gel beads are chosen such that they remain collapsed when exposed to seawater or paint formulations.
- 17. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the release rate of the biocide from the gel beads mixed in the protective coating is less than 10 μg/cm2/day.
- 18. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the release rate of a chosen biocide from the gel beads mixed in the protective coating is sufficient to inhibit the attachment of fouling organisms to the surface of a marine vessel.
- 19. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the effective lifetime of the anti-fouling coating is in the range of 5 to 7 years.
- 20. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the coating is paint.
- 21. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the anti-fouling coating is applied to the hull of a sea vessel.
- 22. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 1 in which the coating is applied to floating platforms, seawater piping systems, and other fixed structures located near the surface of the sea.
- 23. A method of preparing an anti-fouling coating, the method comprising:
soaking polymeric gel beads in the presence of a solution including a solvent and a biocide to swell the beads and absorb both the solvent and the biocide therein; evaporating the solvent; and mixing the beads in a protective coating.
- 24. A method of preparing an anti-fouling coating, the method comprising:
choosing polymeric gel beads which remain collapsed when exposed to seawater and paint formulations; soaking the polymeric beads in the presence of a solution including a solvent and a biocide to swell the beads and absorb both the solvent and the biocide therein; evaporating the solvent to collapse the beads; and mixing the beads in a coating material.
- 25. A method of preparing an anti-fouling coating, the method comprising:
encapsulating a biocide in polymeric gel beads; and mixing the beads in a protective coating.
- 26. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 25 in which the coating is paint.
- 27. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 25 in which the coating is applied to the hull of a sea vessel.
- 28. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 25 in which the coating is applied to the hull of floating platforms, seawater piping systems, and other fixed structures located near the surface of the sea.
- 29. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 25 in which the release rate of the biocide from the gel beads mixed in the protective coating is less than 10 μg/cm2/day.
- 30. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 25 in which the release rate of a chosen biocide from the gel beads mixed in a protective coating is sufficient to inhibit the attachment of fouling organisms to the surface of a marine vessel.
- 31. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 25 in which the effective lifetime of the anti-fouling coating is in the range of 5 to 7 years.
- 32. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating, the method comprising:
synthesizing gel beads in the presence of a biocide to encapsulate the biocide in the beads; evaporating any solvents; and mixing the beads in a protective coating.
- 33. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 in which gel beads are polymeric network cross-linked beads.
- 34. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 further including the step of washing the polymeric beads to remove biocide from the surface of the beads.
- 35. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 further including the step of grinding the polymeric beads to a diameter of less than 50 μm.
- 36. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 in which the biocide is solid.
- 37. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 36 in which the biocide is copper.
- 38. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 36 in which the biocide is 4,5-dichloro-2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
- 39. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 36 in which the biocide is IRGAROL® 1051.
- 40. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 in which the biocide is SEA-NINE™ 211 in xylene.
- 41. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 in which the biocide is IRGAROL® 1051 in chloroform.
- 42. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 in which the polymeric gel beads are synthesized by free-radical polymerization.
- 43. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 42 in which the monomers are chosen such that the monomers interact by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, van der Waals interaction, or hydrophobic interactions.
- 44. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 38 in which the monomers are chosen from the group consisting of MAPTA-Cl, AMPS, methacrylic acid, dimethylacrylamide, and N-isopropylacrylamide.
- 45. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 in which the release rate of the biocide from the gel beads mixed in the protective coating is less than 10 μg/cm2/day.
- 46. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 in which the release rate of a chosen biocide from the gel beads mixed in the protective coating is sufficient to inhibit the attachment of fouling organisms to the surface of a marine vessel.
- 47. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 in which the effective lifetime of the anti-fouling coating is in the range of 5 to 7 years.
- 48. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 in which the coating is applied to the hull of a sea vessel.
- 49. The method of preparing an anti-fouling coating of claim 32 in which the coating is applied to the hull of floating platforms, seawater piping systems, and other fixed structures located near the surface of the sea.
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority of Provisional Application No. 60/305,944 filed Jul. 17, 2001, incorporated by reference herein.
GOVERNMENT RIGHTS
[0002] This invention was made with U.S. Government support under Contract Nos. N00014-96-C-0355; N00014-98-C-0083; and N00014-00-M-0196 awarded by the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Va. 22217. The Government may have certain rights in the subject invention.
Provisional Applications (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
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60305944 |
Jul 2001 |
US |