Patent Grant
6841529
The present invention relates to a method of preparing fabric conditioning compositions. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of preparing fabric softening compositions comprising an ester-linked quaternary ammonium compound, a fatty complexing agent and a perfume.
It is well known to provide liquid fabric conditioning compositions which soften in the rinse cycle.
Such compositions comprise less than 7.5% by weight of softening active, in which case the composition is defined as “dilute”, from about 7.5% to about 30% by weight of active in which case the compositions are defined as “concentrated” or more than about 30% by weight of active, in which case the composition is defined as “super-concentrated”.
Concentrated and super-concentrated compositions are desirable since these require less packaging and are therefore environmentally more compatible than dilute or semi-dilute compositions.
A problem frequently associated with concentrated and superconcentrated compositions, as defined above, is that the product is not stable, especially when stored at high temperatures. Instability can manifest itself as a thickening of the product upon storage, even to the point that the product is no longer pourable.
The problem of thickening upon storage is particularly apparent in concentrated and superconcentrated fabric softening compositions comprising an ester-linked quaternary ammonium fabric softening material having one or more fully saturated alkyl chains.
A further problem known to affect concentrated and super-concentrated fabric softening compositions comprising an ester-linked quaternary ammonium fabric softening material having one or more fully saturated alkyl chains is that the initial viscosity of a fully formulated composition can be very high, up to a point that the composition is substantially unpourable.
However, it is desirable to use ester-linked compounds due to their inherent biodegradability and to use substantially fully saturated quaternary ammonium fabric softening compounds due to their excellent softening capabilities and because they are more stable to oxidative degradation (which can lead to malodour generation) than partially saturated or fully unsaturated quaternary ammonium softening compounds.
Of the types of ester-linked quaternary ammonium materials known, it is desirable to use those based on triethanolamine which produce at least some mono-ester linked component and at least some tri-ester linked component since the raw material has a low melting temperature which enables the manufacturing process of the composition to occur at low temperatures. This reduces difficulties associated with high temperature handling, transport and processing of the raw material and compositions produced therefrom.
It is further desirable to incorporate a perfume into fabric conditioning compositions in order to provide a pleasing aroma when dispensing the product, as well as on wet fabrics treated with the product and on dry fabrics thereafter.
However, a problem commonly encountered when incorporating perfumes into fabric treatment compositions is instability of the product both initially and upon storage.
It is believed that this is because perfumes often contain a wide range of ingredients some of are incompatible with the other ingredients therein. In particular, it is believed that this is because perfumes contain a wide range of ingredients some of which interact with the softener active material to induce phase (structural) changes leading to product viscosity instability.
The problem of instability in fabric conditioning compositions due to perfume has previously been addressed in various ways.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,644 discloses a means of controlling the liquid viscosity of rinse conditioner compositions by mixing perfume with a surfactant having an HLB greater than 12 and then adding this to a base.
EP-A1-658616 discloses a method for fragrancing rinse conditioner composition liquids having improved stability by premixing perfume with a high HLB polyethoxylated alcohol or cholesterol.
EP-A1-466235 discloses incorporating perfume into a detergent product by combining the perfume with one or more nonionic emulsifiers to form a structured emulsion.
WO-A1-01/46360 discloses a method of improving the viscosity stability upon storage of a fabric softening composition comprising (a) 0.5% to 30% by weight of at least one ester-linked quaternary ammonium fabric softening compound, (b) perfume, and (c) an alkoxylated nonionic surfactant by the inclusion in the composition of at least one oily sugar derivative in a weight ratio of softening compound to sugar derivative in the range 30:1 to 1:1.
The present invention seeks to address one or more of the above-mentioned problems, and, to give one or more of the above-mentioned benefits desired by consumers.
It has surprisingly been found that, in a fabric conditioning composition comprising a quaternary ammonium softening material having substantially fully saturated alkyl chains, at least some mono-ester linked component and at least some tri-ester linked component, and a fatty compound (hereinafter referred to as “fatty complexing agents”), the addition of perfume at a particular temperature during the manufacture of the fabric conditioning composition significantly improves the stability and initial viscosity of the composition
According to the present invention there is provided:
There is also provided a method for treatment of fabrics comprising contacting a composition formed by the above-mentioned method with fabrics in a laundry treatment process.
In the context of the present invention, the term “comprising” means “including” or “consisting of”. That is the steps, components, ingredients, or features to which the term “comprising” refers are not exhaustive.
The compositions prepared according to the method of the present invention are preferably rinse conditioner compositions, more preferably aqueous rinse conditioner compositions for use in the rinse cycle of a domestic laundry process.
Quaternary Ammonium Fabric Softening Material
The fabric conditioning material used in the compositions comprises one or more quaternary ammonium materials comprising a mixture of mono-ester linked, di-ester linked and tri-ester linked compounds.
By mono-, di- and tri-ester linked components, it is meant that the quaternary ammonium softening material comprises, respectively, a quaternary ammonium compound comprising a single ester-link with a fatty hydrocarbyl chain attached thereto, a quaternary ammonium compound comprising two ester-links each of which has a fatty hydrocarbyl chain attached thereto, and a quaternary ammonium compound comprising three ester-links each of which has a fatty hydrocarbyl chain attached thereto.
Below is shown typical levels of mono-, di- and tri-ester linked components in a fabric softening material used in the compositions.
The level of the mono-ester linked component of the quaternary ammonium material used in the compositions of the invention is preferably between 8 and 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the raw material in which the quaternary ammonium material is supplied.
The level of the tri-ester linked component is preferably between 20 and 50% based on the total weight of the raw material in which the quaternary ammonium material is supplied.
The level of the tri-ester linked component is preferably between 20 and 50% by weight, based on the total weight of quaternary ammonium material.
Preferably, the average chain length of the alkyl or alkenyl group is at least C14, more preferably at least C16. Most preferably at least half of the chains have a length of C18.
It is generally preferred if the alkyl or alkenyl chains are predominantly linear.
The preferred ester-linked quaternary ammonium cationic softening material for use in the invention is represented by formula (I):
wherein each R is independently selected from a C5-35 alkyl or alkenyl group, R1 represents a C1-4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group or a C2-4 alkenyl group,
Especially preferred materials within this class are di-alkyl and di-alkenyl esters of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate. Commercial examples of compounds within this formula are Tetranyl® AHT-1 (di-hardened tallowyl ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 85% active), L1/90 (partially hardened tallow ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 90% active), and L5/90 (palm ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 90% active), all ex Kao corporation), Rewoquat WE18 and WE20 (both are partially hardened tallow ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 90% active), both ex Goldschmidt Corporation and Stepantex VK-90 (partially hardened tallow ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 90% active), ex Stepan Company).
Iodine Value of the Parent Fatty Acyl Group or Acid
The iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compound or acid from which the quaternary ammonium fabric softening material is formed is from 0 to 20, preferably from 0 to 5, more preferably from 0 to 2. Most preferably the iodine value of the parent fatty acid or acyl group from which the quaternary ammonium fabric softening material is formed is from 0 to 1. That is, it is preferred that the alkyl or alkenyl chains are substantially fully saturated.
If there is any unsaturated quaternary ammonium fabric softening material present in the composition, the iodine value, referred to above, represents the mean iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compounds or fatty acids of all of the quaternary ammonium materials present.
In the context of the present invention, iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compound or acid from which the fabric softening material formed, is defined as the number of grams of iodine which react with 100 grams of the compound.
In the context of the present invention, the method for calculating the iodine value of a parent fatty acyl compound/acid comprises dissolving a prescribed amount (from 0.1-3 g) into about 15 ml chloroform. The dissolved parent fatty acyl compound/fatty acid is then reacted with 25 ml of iodine monochloride in acetic acid solution (0.1M). To this, 20 ml of 10% potassium iodide solution and about 150 ml deionised water is added. After addition of the halogen has taken place, the excess of iodine monochloride is determined by titration with sodium thiosulphate solution (0.1M) in the presence of a blue starch indicator powder. At the same time a blank is determined with the same quantity of reagents and under the same conditions. The difference between the volume of sodium thiosulphate used in the blank and that used in the reaction with the parent fatty acyl compound or fatty acid enables the iodine value to be calculated.
The quaternary ammonium fabric softening material of formula (I) is present in an amount from 2.5 to 80% by weight of quaternary ammonium material (active ingredient) based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably 5 to 60% by weight, most preferably 10 to 40% by weight, e.g. 12.5-25% by weight.
Excluded Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Quaternary ammonium fabric softening materials which are free of ester linkages or, if ester-linked, do not comprise at least some mono-ester component and some tri-ester component are excluded from the scope of the present invention. For instance, quaternary ammonium compounds having the following formulae are excluded:
wherein R1, R2, T, n and X− are as defined above; and
where R1 to R4 are not interrupted by ester-links, R1 and R2 are C8-28 alkyl or alkenyl groups; R3 and R4 are C1-4 alkyl or C2-4 alkenyl groups and X− is as defined above.
Fatty Complexing Agent
The compositions comprise a fatty complexing agent.
Especially suitable fatty complexing agents include fatty alcohols and fatty acids. Of these, fatty alcohols are most preferred.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the mono-ester quaternary ammonium species of compound (a) complexes with the fatty complexing material thereby contributing to the surprising reduction in the viscosity of the concentrated composition.
It is also believed that the higher mono-ester levels present in compositions comprising quaternary ammonium materials based on TEA may destabilise the composition through depletion flocculation. By using the fatty complexing material to complex with the mono-ester component, depletion flocculation is significantly reduced.
In other words, the fatty component at the increased levels, as required by the present invention, “neutralises” the mono-ester component of the quaternary ammonium material.
The applicants also believe that that the complexing of the mono-ester linked component (which does not contribute to softening) with the fatty complexing material thereby provides a material which does contribute to softening.
Preferred fatty acids include hardened tallow fatty acid (available under the tradename Pristerene, ex Uniqema).
Preferred fatty alcohols include hardened tallow alcohol (available under the tradenames Stenol and Hydrenol, ex Cognis and Laurex CS, ex Albright and Wilson) and behenyl alcohol, a C22 chain alcohol, available as Lanette 22 (ex Henkel).
The fatty complexing agent is preferably present in an amount greater than 0.2% to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. More preferably, the fatty component is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 10%, even more preferably from 0.8 to 5%, most preferably from 1 to 4% by weight, e.g. 1.51 to 3.8% by weight.
The weight ratio of the mono-ester component of the quaternary ammonium fabric softening material to the fatty complexing agent is preferably from 5:1 to 1:5, more preferably 4:1 to 1:4, most preferably 3:1 to 1:3, e.g. 2:1 to 1:2.
Calculation of Mono-Ester Linked Component of the Quaternary Ammonium Material
The quantitative analysis of mono-ester linked component of the quaternary ammonium material is carried out through the use of Quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy with inverse gated 1H decoupling scheme.
The sample of known mass of the quaternary ammonium raw material is first dissolved in a known volume of CDCl3 along with a known amount of an assay material such as naphthalene. A 13C NMR spectrum of this solution is then recorded using both an inverse gated decoupling scheme and a relaxation agent. The inverse gated decoupling scheme is used to ensure that any Overhauser effects are suppressed whilst the relaxation agent is used to ensure that the negative consequences of the long t1 relaxation times are overcome (ie adequate signal-to-noise can be achieved in a reasonable timescale).
The signal intensities of characteristic peaks of both the carbon atoms in the quaternary ammonium material and the naphthalene are used to calculate the concentration of the mono-ester linked component of the quaternary ammonium material. In the quaternary ammonium material, the signal represents the carbon of the nitrogen-methyl group on the quaternary ammonium head group. The chemical shift of the nitrogen-methyl group varies slightly due to the different degree of esterification; characteristic chemical shifts for the mono-, di- and tri-ester links are 48.28, 47.97 and 47.76 ppm respectively. Any of the peaks due to the napthalene carbons that are free of interference from other components can then be used to calculate the mass of mono-ester linked component present in the sample as follows:
MassMQ(mg/ml)=(massNaph×IMQ×NNaph×MMQ)/(INaph×NMQ×MNaph)
where MassMQ=mass mono-ester linked quaternary ammonium material in mg/ml, massNaph=mass naphthalene in mg/ml, I=peak intensity, N=number of contributing nuclei and M=relative molecular mass. The relative molecular mass of naphthalene used is 128.17 and the relative molecular mass of the mono-ester linked component of the quaternary ammonium material is taken as 526.
The weight percentage of mono-ester linked quaternary ammonium material in the raw material can thus be calculated:
% of mono-ester linked quaternary ammonium material in the raw material=(massMQ/massHT-TEA)×100
where massHT-TEA=mass of the quaternary ammonium material and both massMQ and massHT-TEA are expressed as mg/ml.
For a discussion of the NMR technique, see “100 and More Basic NMR Experiments”, S Braun, H-O Kalinowski, S Berger, 1st edition, pages 234-236.
Nonionic Surfactant
It is preferred that the compositions further comprise a nonionic surfactant. Typically these can be included for the purpose of stabilising the compositions.
Suitable nonionic surfactants include addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids and fatty amines.
Any of the alkoxylated materials of the particular type described hereinafter can be used as the nonionic surfactant.
Suitable surfactants are substantially water soluble surfactants of the general formula:
R—Y—(C2H4O)z—C2H4OH
where R is selected from the group consisting of primary, secondary and branched chain alkyl and/or acyl hydrocarbyl groups; primary, secondary and branched chain alkenyl hydrocarbyl groups; and primary, secondary and branched chain alkenyl-substituted phenolic hydrocarbyl groups; the hydrocarbyl groups having a chain length of from 8 to about 25, preferably 10 to 20, e.g. 14 to 18 carbon atoms.
In the general formula for the ethoxylated nonionic surfactant, Y is typically:
—O—, —C(O)O—, —C(O)N(R)— or —C(O)N(R)R—
in which R has the meaning given above or can be hydrogen; and Z is at least about 8, preferably at least about 10 or 11.
Preferably the nonionic surfactant has an HLB of from about 7 to about 20, more preferably from 10 to 18, e.g. 12 to 16.
Examples of nonionic surfactants follow. In the examples, the integer defines the number of ethoxy (EO) groups in the molecule.
A. Straight-Chain, Primary Alcohol Alkoxylates
The deca-, undeca-, dodeca-, tetradeca-, and pentadecaethoxylates of n-hexadecanol, and n-octadecanol having an HLB within the range recited herein are useful viscosity/dispersibility modifiers in the context of this invention. Exemplary ethoxylated primary alcohols useful herein as the viscosity/dispersibility modifiers of the compositions are C18 EO(10); and C18 EO(11). The ethoxylates of mixed natural or synthetic alcohols in the “tallow” chain length range are also useful herein. Specific examples of such materials include tallow alcohol-EO(11), tallow alcohol-EO(18), and tallow alcohol-EO (25), coca alcohol-EO(10), coco alcohol-EO(15), coco alcohol-EO(20) and coco alcohol-EO(25).
B. Straight-Chain, Secondary Alcohol Alkoxylates
The deca-, undeca-, dodeca-, tetradeca-, pentadeca-, octadeca-, and nonadeca-ethoxylates of 3-hexadecanol, 2-octadecanol, 4-eicosanol, and 5-eicosanol having an HLB within the range recited herein are useful viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers in the context of this invention. Exemplary ethoxylated secondary alcohols useful herein as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the compositions are: C16 EO(11); C20 EO(11); and C16 EO(14).
C. Alkyl Phenol Alkoxylates
As in the case of the alcohol alkoxylates, the hexa- to octadeca-ethoxylates of alkylated phenols, particularly monohydric alkylphenols, having an HLB within the range recited herein are useful as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the instant compositions. The hexa- to octadeca-ethoxylates of p-tri-decylphenol, m-pentadecylphenol, and the like, are useful herein. Exemplary ethoxylated alkylphenols useful as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the mixtures herein are: p-tridecylphenol EO(11) and p-pentadecylphenol EO(18).
As used herein and as generally recognized in the art, a phenylene group in the nonionic formula is the equivalent of an alkylene group containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. For present purposes, nonionics containing a phenylene group are considered to contain an equivalent number of carbon atoms calculated as the sum of the carbon atoms in the alkyl group plus about 3.3 carbon atoms for each phenylene group.
D. Olefinic Alkoxylates
The alkenyl alcohols, both primary and secondary, and alkenyl phenols corresponding to those disclosed immediately hereinabove can be ethoxylated to an HLB within the range recited herein and used as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of the instant compositions.
E. Branched Chain Alkoxylates
Branched chain primary and secondary alcohols which are available from the well-known “OXO” process can be ethoxylated and employed as the viscosity and/or dispersibility modifiers of compositions herein.
F. Polyol Based Surfactants
Suitable polyol based surfactants include sucrose esters such sucrose monooleates, alkyl polyglucosides such as stearyl monoglucosides and stearyl triglucoside and alkyl polyglycerols.
The above nonionic surfactants are useful in the present compositions alone or in combination, and the term “nonionic surfactant” encompasses mixed nonionic surface active agents.
The nonionic surfactant is present in an amount from 0.01 to 10%, more preferably 0.1 to 5%, most preferably 0.35 to 3.5%, e.g. 0.5 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
Perfume
The compositions of the invention comprise one or more perfumes.
The perfumes usually comprise a mixture of different perfume ingredients. In the context of the present invention, the perfumes comprise ingredients consisting essentially of aroma chemicals.
The hydrophobicity of the perfume is measured by ClogP. ClogP is calculated using the “ClogP” program (calculation of hydrophobicities as logP (oil/water)) version 4.01, available from Daylight Chemical Information Systems Inc of Irvine Calif., USA.
It is well known that perfume is provided as a mixture of various components.
It is preferred that at least a quarter (by weight) or more, preferably a half or more of the perfume components have a ClogP of 2.0 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, most preferably 4.5 or more, e.g. 10 or more.
Suitable perfumes having a ClogP of 3 or more are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,137.
The perfume is preferably present in an amount from 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, most preferably 0.5 to 4.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
Liquid Carrier
The liquid carrier employed in the instant compositions is preferably water due to its low cost relative availability, safety, and environmental compatibility. The level of water in the liquid carrier is more than about 50%, preferably more than about 80%, more preferably more than about 85%, by weight of the carrier. The level of liquid carrier is greater than about 50%, preferably greater than about 65%, more preferably greater than about 70%. Mixtures of water and a low molecular weight, e.g. <100, organic solvent, e.g. a lower alcohol such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol are useful as the carrier liquid. Low molecular weight alcohols including monohydric, dihydric (glycol, etc.) trihydric (glycerol, etc.), and polyhydric (polyols) alcohols are also suitable carriers for use in the compositions of the present invention.
Co-Active Softeners
Co-active softeners for the cationic surfactant may also be incorporated in an amount from 0.01 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 10%, based on the total weight of the composition. Preferred co-active softeners include fatty esters, and fatty N-oxides.
Preferred fatty esters include fatty monoesters, such as glycerol monostearate. If GMS is present, then it is preferred that the level of GMS in the composition, is from 0.01 to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.
Polymeric Viscosity Control Agents
It is useful, though not essential, if the compositions comprise one or more polymeric viscosity control agents. Suitable polymeric viscosity control agents include nonionic and cationic polymers, such as hydrophobically modified cellulose ethers (e.g. Natrosol Plus, ex Hercules), cationically modified starches (e.g. Softgel BDA and Softgel BD, both ex Avebe). A particularly preferred viscosity control agent is a copolymer of methacrylate and cationic acrylamide available under the tradename Flosoft 200 (ex SNF Floerger).
Nonionic and/or cationic polymers are preferably present in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt %, more preferably 0.02 to 4 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.
Further Optional Ingredients
Other optional nonionic softeners, bactericides, soil-releases agents may also be incorporated in the compositions of the invention.
The compositions may also contain one or more optional ingredients conventionally included in fabric conditioning compositions such as pH buffering agents, perfume carriers, fluorescers, colourants, hydrotropes, antifoaming agents, antiredeposition agents, polyelectrolytes, enzymes, optical brightening agents, anti-shrinking agents, anti-wrinkle agents, anti-spotting agents, antioxidants, sunscreens, anti-corrosion agents, drape imparting agents, anti-static agents, ironing aids and dyes.
Product Form
In its undiluted state at ambient temperature the product comprises an aqueous liquid.
The compositions are preferably aqueous dispersions of the quaternary ammonium softening material.
Product Use
The composition is preferably used in the rinse cycle of a home textile laundering operation, where, it may be added directly in an undiluted state to a washing machine, e.g. through a dispenser drawer or, for a top-loading washing machine, directly into the drum. Alternatively, it can be diluted prior to use. The compositions may also be used in a domestic hand-washing laundry operation.
It is also possible, though less desirable, for the compositions of the present invention to be used in industrial laundry operations, e.g. as a finishing agent for softening new clothes prior to sale to consumers.
Method of Preparing Fabric Conditioning Compositions
The compositions of the invention may be prepared according to any suitable method as long as the perfume is added at a temperature at or above the melting temperature of the co-melt (i.e. above the temperature at which the co-melt is fully melted).
Preferably the perfume and the mixture to which the perfume is added are both above the melting temperature of the co-melt when the perfume is added.
Most preferably, the perfume is co-melted with the quaternary ammonium softening material and the fatty complexing agent prior to mixing the co-melt with heated water.
For instance, in a first preferred method, the quaternary ammonium material, fatty complexing agent, nonionic stabilising agent and perfume are heated together until a co-melt is formed. Water is then heated and the co-melt is added to water with stirring. The mixture is then allowed to cool and optional ingredients are added with stirring if necessary to achieve a homogeneous mixture.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. Further modifications will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.
Samples of the invention are represented by a number. Comparative samples are represented by a letter.
All values are % by weight of the active ingredient unless stated otherwise.
Stability Evaluation
Samples 1 and A to C were prepared by co-melting the quaternary ammonium fabric softening material, nonionic surfactant and fatty complexing, followed by adding the co-melt to water at 70° C. in a 3 litre vessel while mixing. The vessel was then cooled to about 30° C. before passing the content of the vessel once (1 batch volume) into a Yanke and Kunkel mill and subjecting the content to high shear milling.
In sample A, the perfume was added during the cooling stage once the contents had reached 50° C.
In sample B, the perfume was added during the cooling stage once the contents had reached 30° C.
In sample C, the perfume was added after the milling stage. In sample 1, the perfume was added into the initial co-melt.
aTetranyl AHT-1 (ex Kao). A di-hardened tallowyl ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate 85% active (ex Kao)
bLaurex CS (ex Albright and Wilson)
cGenapol C200 (ex Clariant)
The viscosity of the samples upon storage was measured over a period of weeks and the results are given below. The viscosity measurements were taken at both 20s−1 and 106s−1 at 25° C. using a Haake Rotoviscometer RV20 and NV cup and bob.
The results demonstrate that, upon high temperature storage for 4 weeks, the composition prepared according to the method of the invention had a viscosity which did not thicken undesirably (and even decreased slightly) during storage whereas the compositions prepared according to the comparative methods either gelled or had substantially increased viscosities.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0121805 | Sep 2001 | GB | national |
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|---|---|---|
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20030114337 A1 | Jun 2003 | US |
