Method of producing L-lysine

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing L-lysine by cultivating a microorganism obtained by modifying a coryneform bacterium used for fermentative production of amino acids or the like by means of a technique based on genetic engineering.
L-Lysine, which is used as a fodder additive, is usually produced by a fermentative method by using an L-lysine-producing mutant strain belonging to the coryneform bacteria. Various L-lysine-producing bacteria known at present are those created by artificial mutation starting from wild type strains belonging to the coryneform bacteria.
As for the coryneform bacteria, there are disclosed a vector plasmid which is autonomously replicable in bacterial cells and has a drug resistance marker gene (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,514,502), and a method for introducing a gene into bacterial cells (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2-207791). There is also disclosed a possibility for breeding an L-threonine- or L-isoleucine-producing bacterium by using the techniques as described above (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,452,890 and 4,442,208). As for breeding of an L-lysine-producing bacterium, a technique is known, in which a gene participating in L-lysine biosynthesis is incorporated into a vector plasmid to amplify the gene in bacterial cells (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 56-160997).
Known genes for L-lysine biosynthesis include, for example, a dihydrodipicolinate reductase gene (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 7-75578) and a diaminopimelate dehydrogenase gene (Ishino, S. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 15, 3917 (1987)), which are cloned genes which participate in L-lysine biosynthesis, as well as a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 60-87788), a dihydrodipicolinate synthase gene (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-55149), and a diaminopimelate decarboxylase gene (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 60-62994), amplification of which affects L-lysine productivity.
As described above, certain successful results to improve L-lysine productivity have been obtained by means of amplification of genes for the L-lysine biosynthesis. However, amplification of some genes decreases growth speed of bacteria although the amplification improves L-lysine productivity, resulting in decrease of rate of L-lysine production.
No case has been reported in which growth is intended to be improved by enhancing a gene for L-lysine biosynthesis as well. In the present circumstances, no case is known for the coryneform bacteria, in which anyone has succeeded in remarkable improvement in L-lysine yield without restraining growth, by combining a plurality of genes for L-lysine biosynthesis.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to improve the L-lysine-producing ability without decreasing the growth speed of a coryneform bacterium, by enhancing a plurality of genes for L-lysine biosynthesis in combination in the coryneform bacteria.
When an objective substance is produced fermentatively by using a microorganism, the production speed, as well as the yield of the objective substance relative to an introduced material, is an extremely important factor. An objective substance may be produced remarkably inexpensively by increasing the production speed per a unit of fermentation equipment. Accordingly, it is industrially extremely important that the fermentative yield and the production speed are compatible with each other. The present invention proposes a solution for the problem as described above in order to fermentatively produce L-lysine by using a coryneform bacterium.
The principle of the present invention is based on the fact that the growth of a coryneform bacterium can be improved, and the L-lysine-producing speed thereof can be improved by enhancing both of a DNA sequence coding for a diaminopimelate dehydrogenase (a diaminopimelate dehydrogenase is hereinafter referred to as "DDC", and a gene coding for a DDC protein is hereinafter referred to as "lysA", if necessary), and a DNA sequence coding for a diaminopimelate decarboxylase (a diaminopimelate decarboxylase is hereinafter referred to as "DDH", and a gene coding for a DDH protein is hereinafter referred to as "ddh", if necessary) compared with the case in which these DNA sequences are each enhanced singly.
Namely, the present invention lies in a recombinant DNA autonomously replicable in cells of coryneform bacteria, comprising a DNA sequence coding for a diaminopimelate dehydrogenase and a DNA sequence coding for a diaminopimelate decarboxylase.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a coryneform bacterium harboring an enhanced DNA sequence coding for a diaminopimelate dehydrogenase and an enhanced DNA sequence coding for a diaminopimelate decarboxylase.
In still another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing L-lysine comprising the steps of cultivating the coryneform bacterium described above in a medium to allow L-lysine to be produced and accumulated in a culture, and collecting L-lysine from the culture.
The coryneform bacteria referred to in the present invention are a group of microorganisms as defined in Beraey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., p. 599 (1974), which are aerobic Gram-positive non-acid-fast rods having no spore-forming ability. The coryneform bacteria include bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, bacteria belonging to the genus Brevibacterium having been hitherto classified into the genus Brevibacterium but united as bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium at present, and bacteria belonging to the genus Brevibacterium closely relative to bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium.
According to the present invention, the L-lysine-producing ability of coryneform bacteria can be improved, and the growth speed can be also improved. The present invention can be applied to ordinary L-lysine-producing bacteria as well as strains with high L-lysine productivity.

BRIEF EXPLANATION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid p299LYSA carrying lysA.
FIG. 2 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pLYSAB carrying lysA and Brevi.-ori.
FIG. 3 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pPK4D carrying ddh and Brevi.-ori.
FIG. 4 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid p399DL carrying ddh and lysA.
FIG. 5 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pDL carrying ddh, lysA and Brevi.-ori.
FIG. 6 illustrates a process of construction of plasmids p399AKYB and p399AK9B each carrying mutant lysC.
FIG. 7 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pDPRB carrying dapB and Brevi.-ori.
FIG. 8 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pDPSB carrying dapA and Brevi.-ori.
FIG. 9 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pCRCAB carrying lysC, dapB and Brevi.-ori.
FIG. 10 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pCB carrying mutant lysC, dapB, and Brevi.-ori.
FIG. 11 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pAB carrying dapA, dapB and Brevi.-ori.
FIG. 12 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pCAB carrying mutant lysC, dapA, dapB, and Brevi.-ori.
FIG. 13 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pCABL carrying mutant lysC, dapA, dapB, lysA, and Brevi.-ori.
FIG. 14 illustrates a process of construction of a plasmid pCABDL carrying mutant lysC, dapB, ddh, lysA, and Brevi.-ori.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be explained in detail below.
<1> Preparation of genes for L-lysine biosynthesis used for the present invention
The genes for L-lysine biosynthesis used in the present invention can be obtained respectively by preparing chromosomal DNA from a bacterium as a DNA donor, constructing a chromosomal DNA library by using a plasmid vector or the like, selecting a strain harboring a desired gene from the library, and recovering, from the selected strain, recombinant DNA into which the gene has been inserted. The DNA donor for the gene for L-lysine biosynthesis used in the present invention is not specifically limited provided that the desired gene for L-lysine biosynthesis expresses an enzyme protein which functions in cells of coryneform bacteria. However, the DNA donor is preferably a coryneform bacterium.
Both of the genes of lysA and ddh originating from coryneform bacteria have known sequences. Accordingly, they can be obtained by performing amplification in accordance with the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR; see White, T. J. et al., Trends Genet., 5, 185 (1989)).
Each of the genes for L-lysine biosynthesis used in the present invention is obtainable in accordance with certain methods as exemplified below.
(1) Preparation of mutant lysA
lysA can be isolated from chromosome of a coryneform bacterium by preparing chromosomal DNA in accordance with, for example, a method of Saito and Miura (H. Saito and K. Miura, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 72, 619 (1963)), and amplifying lysA in accordance with the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR; see White, T. J. et al., Trends Genet., 5, 185 (1989)). The DNA donor is not specifically limited, however, it is exemplified by Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 strain.
In the coryneform bacteria, lysA forms an operon together with argS (arginyl-tRNA synthase gene), and lysA exists downstream from argS. Expression of lysA is regulated by a promoter existing upstream from argS (see Journal of Bacterioloav, Nov., 7356-7362 (1993)). DNA sequences of these genes are known for Corynebacterium glutamicum (see Molecular Microbiology, 4(11), 1819-1830 (1990); Molecular and General Genetics, 212, 112-119 (1988)), on the basis of which DNA primers for PCR can be prepared. Such DNA primers are specifically exemplified by DNA's of 23-mers respectively having nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in Sequence Listing (corresponding to nucleotide numbers 11 to 33 in a nucleotide sequence described in Molecular Microbiology, 4(11), 1819-1830 (1990)) and SEQ ID NO: 2 (corresponding to nucleotide numbers 1370 to 1392 in a nucleotide sequence described in Molecular and General Genetics, 212, 112-119 (1988)).
In Example described later on, a DNA fragment containing a promoter, argS, and lysA was used in order to enhance lysA. However, argS is not essential for the present invention. It is allowable to use a DNA fragment in which lysA is ligated just downstream from a promoter.
A nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment containing argS and lysA, and an amino acid sequence deduced to be encoded by the nucleotide sequence are exemplified in SEQ ID NO: 3. An example of an amino acid sequence encoded by argS is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, and an example of an amino acid sequence encoded by lysA is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5. In addition to DNA fragments coding for these amino acid sequences, the present invention can equivalently use DNA fragments coding for amino acid sequences substantially the same as the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, namely amino acid sequences having mutation based on, for example, substitution, deletion, or insertion of one or more amino acids provided that there is no substantial influence on the DDC activity.
DNA can be synthesized in accordance with an ordinary method by using DNA synthesizer model 380B produced by Applied Biosystems and using the phosphoamidite method (see Tetrahedron Letters (1981), 22, 1859). PCR can be performed by using DNA Thermal Cycler Model PJ2000 produced by Takara Shuzo, and using Taq DNA polymerase in accordance with a method designated by the supplier.
It is preferred that lysA amplified by PCR is ligated with vector DNA autonomously replicable in cells of E. coli and/or coryneform bacteria to prepare recombinant DNA, and the recombinant DNA is introduced into cells of E. coli beforehand. Such provision makes following operations easy. The vector autonomously replicable in cells of E. coli is preferably a plasmid vector which is preferably autonomously replicable in cells of a host, including, for example, pUC19, pUC18, pBR322, pHSG299, pHSG399, pHSG398, and RSF1010.
When a DNA fragment having an ability to allow a plasmid to be autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria is inserted into these vectors, they can be used as a so-called shuttle vector autonomously replicable in both E. coli and coryneform bacteria.
Such a shuttle vector includes the followings. Microorganisms harboring each of vectors and accession numbers in international depositary authorities are shown in parentheses.
pHC4: Escherichia coli AJ12617 (FERM BP-3532)
pAJ655: Escherichia coli AJ11882 (FERM BP-136) Corynebacterium glutamicum SR8201 (ATCC 39135)
pAJ1844: Escherichia coli AJ11883 (FERM BP-137) Corynebacterium glutamicum SR8202 (ATCC 39136)
pAJ611: Escherichia coli AJ11884 (FERM BP-138)
pAJ3148: Corynebacterium glutamicum SR8203 (ATCC 39137)
pAJ440: Bacillus subtilis AJ11901 (FERM BP-140)
These vectors are obtainable from the deposited microorganisms as follows. Cells collected at a logarithmic growth phase were lysed by using lysozyme and SDS, followed by separation from a lysate by centrifugation at 30,000.times.g to obtain a supernatant. Polyethylene glycol is added to the supernatant, followed by fractionation and purification by means of cesium chloride-ethidium bromide equilibrium density gradient centrifugation.
E. coli can be transformed by introducing a plasmid in accordance with, for example, a method of D. M. Morrison (Methods in Enzymology, 68, 326 (1979)) or a method in which recipient cells are treated with calcium chloride to increase permeability for DNA (Mandel, M. and Higa, A., J. Mol. Biol., 53, 159 (1970)).
(2) Preparation of ddh
A DNA fragment containing ddh can be prepared from chromosome of a coryneform bacterium by means of PCR. The DNA donor is not specifically limited, however, it is exemplified by Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 strain.
A DDH gene is known for Corynebacterium glutamicum (Ishino, S. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 15, 3917 (1987)), on the basis of which primers for PCR can be prepared. Such DNA primers are specifically exemplified by DNA's of 20-mers respectively having nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 6 and 7 in Sequence Listing. Synthesis of DNA, PCR, and preparation of a plasmid carrying obtained ddh can be performed in the same manner as those for lysA described above.
A nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment containing ddh and an amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence are illustrated in SEQ ID NO: 8. Only the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9. In addition to DNA fragments coding for this amino acid sequence, the present invention can equivalently use DNA fragments coding for amino acid sequences substantially the same as the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, namely amino acid sequences having mutation based on, for example, substitution, deletion, or insertion of one or more amino acids provided that there is no substantial influence on the DDH activity.
<2> Recombinant DNA and coryneform bacterium of the present invention
The coryneform bacterium of the present invention harbors a DNA sequence coding for diaminopimelate decarboxylase (lysA) and a DNA sequence coding for diaminopimelate dehydrogenase (ddh) which are enhanced. The term "a DNA sequence is enhanced" herein refers to the fact that the intercellular activity of an enzyme encoded by the DNA sequence is raised by, for example, increasing the copy number of a gene, using a strong promoter, using a gene coding for an enzyme having a high specific activity, or combining these means.
The coryneform bacterium to which the DNA sequences described above is an L-lysine-producing coryneform bacterium, examples of which include L-lysine-producing wild type strains and artificial mutant strains and coryneform bacteria enhanced in L-lysine productivity by genetic engineering. Even if the bacterium has low L-lysine productivity, the L-lysine productivity can be improved by enhancing lysA and ddh. If the bacterium has high L-lysine productivity, the L-lysine production efficiency can be more raised by enhancing lysA and ddh.
(1) L-Lysine-producing strain belonging to coryneform bacteria
Examples of the coryneform bacterium used to introduce lysA and ddh include, for example, the following lysine-producing strains:
Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum ATCC 13870;
Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum ATCC 15806;
Corynebacterium callunae ATCC 15991;
Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032;
(Brevibacterium divaricatum) ATCC 14020;
(Brevibacterium lactofermentum) ATCC 13869;
(Corynebacterium lilium) ATCC 15990;
(Brevibacterium flavum) ATCC 14067;
Corynebacterium melassecola ATCC 17965;
Brevibacterium saccharolyticum ATCC 14066;
Brevibacterium immariophilum ATCC 14068;
Brevibacterium roseum ATCC 13825;
Brevibacterium thiogenitalis ATCC 19240;
Microbacterium ammoniaphilum ATCC 15354;
Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes AJ12340 (FERM BP-1539).
Other than the bacterial strains described above, those usable as a host in which lysA and ddh are to be enhanced include, for example, mutant strains having an L-lysine-producing ability derived from the aforementioned strains. Such artificial mutant strains include the followings: S-(2-aminoethyl)-cysteine (hereinafter abbreviated as "AEC") resistant mutant strains (Brevibacterium lactofermentum AJ11082 (NRRL B-11470), Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 56-1914, 56-1915, 57-14157, 57-14158, 57-30474, 58-10075, 59-4993, 61-35840, 62-24074, 62-36673, 5-11958, 7-112437, and 7-112438); mutant strains which require an amino acid such as L-homoserine for their growth (Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 48-28078 and 56-6499); mutant strains which exhibit resistance to AEC and require amino acids such as L-leucine, L-homoserine, L-proline, L-serine, L-arginine, L-alanine, and L-valine (U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,708,395 and 3,825,472); L-lysine-producing mutant strains which exhibit resistance to DL-.alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam, .alpha.-amino-lauryllactam, aspartate-analog, sulfa drug, quinoid, and N-lauroylleucine; L-lysine-producing mutant strains which exhibit resistance to inhibitors of oxyaloacetate decarboxylase or respiratory system enzymes (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 50-53588, 50-31093, 52-102498, 53-9394, 53-86089, 55-9783, 55-9759, 56-32995 and 56-39778, and Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 53-43591 and 53-1833); L-lysine-producing mutant strains which require inositol or acetic acid (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 55-9784 and 56-8692); L-lysine-producing mutant strains which exhibit sensitivity to fluoropyruvic acid or temperature not less than 34.degree. C. (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 55-9783 and 53-86090); and production mutant strains belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium which exhibit resistance to ethylene glycol and produce L-lysine (U.S. Pat. No. 4,411,997).
(2) L-Lysine-producing coryneform bacteria having L-lysine productivity enhanced by genetic recombination
The L-lysine producing speed can be further improved by enhancing lysA and ddh, if the coryneform bacterium has been enhanced in L-lysine production by genetic engineering, for example, by introducing a gene coding for an enzyme having a mutation which causes desensitization in feedback inhibition, wild type of which enzyme is subjected to feedback inhibition among enzymes participating in L-lysine biosynthesis, or by enhancing a gene for L-lysine biosynthesis other than lysA and ddh.
The coryneform bacterium enhanced in L-lysine productivity includes a coryneform bacterium harboring a DNA sequence coding for an aspartokinase which is desensitized in feedback inhibition by L-lysine and L-threonine (an aspartokinase is hereinafter referred to as "AK", a gene coding for an AK protein is hereinafter referred to as "lysC", and a gene coding for an AK protein which is desensitized in feedback inhibition by L-lysine and L-threonine, if necessary), and an enhanced DNA sequence coding for a dihydrodipicolinate reductase (a dihydrodipicolinate reductase is hereinafter referred to as "DDPR", and a gene coding for a DDPR protein is hereinafter referred to as "dapB", if necessary), and the coryneform bacterium further harboring an enhanced DNA sequence coding for a dihydrodipicolinate synthase (a dihydrodipicolinate synthase is hereinafter referred to as "DDPS", and a gene coding for a DDPS protein is hereinafter referred to as "dapA", if necessary). Each of the genes for L-lysine biosynthesis used in the present invention is obtainable in accordance with certain methods as exemplified below.
(i) Preparation of mutant lysC
A DNA fragment containing mutant lysC can be prepared from a mutant strain in which synergistic feedback inhibition on the AK activity by L-lysine and L-threonine is substantially desensitized (International Publication No. WO 94/25605). Such a mutant strain can be obtained, for example, from a group of cells originating from a wild type strain of a coryneform bacterium subjected to a mutation treatment by applying an ordinary mutation treatment such as ultraviolet irradiation and treatment with a mutating agent such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The AK activity can be measured by using a method described by Miyajima, R. et al., The Journal of Biochemistry (1968), 63(2), 139-148. The most preferred as such a mutant strain is represented by an L-lysine-producing bacterium AJ3445 (FERM P-1944) derived by a mutation treatment from a wild type strain of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 (having its changed present name of Corynebacterium alutamicum).
Alternatively, mutant lysC is also obtainable by an in vitro mutation treatment of plasmid DNA containing wild type lysC. In another aspect, information is specifically known on mutation to desensitize synergistic feedback inhibition on AK by L-lysine and L-threonine (International Publication No. WO 94/25605). Accordingly, mutant lysC can be also prepared from wild type lysC on the basis of the information in accordance with, for example, the site-directed mutagenesis method.
A DNA fragment containing lysC can be prepared from chromosome of a coryneform bacterium by means of PCR. DNA primers are exemplified by single strand DNA's of 23-mer and 21-mer having nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 11 in Sequence Listing in order to amplify, for example, a region of about 1,643 bp coding for lysC based on a sequence known for Corynebacterium glutamicum (see Molecular Microbiology (1991), 5(5), 1197-1204; Mol. Gen. Genet. (1990), 224, 317-324). Synthesis of DNA, PCR, and preparation of a plasmid carrying obtained lysC can be performed in the same manner as those for lysA described above.
Wild type lysC is obtained when lysC is isolated from an AK wild type strain, while mutant lysC is obtained when lysC is isolated from an AK mutant strain in accordance with the method as described above.
An example of a nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment containing wild type lysC is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 in Sequence Listing. An amino acid sequence of .alpha.-subunit of a wild type AK protein is deduced from the nucleotide sequence, and is shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 in Sequence Listing together with the DNA sequence. Only the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 14. An amino acid sequence of .beta.-subunit of the wild type AK protein is deduced from the nucleotide sequence of DNA, and is shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 in Sequence Listing together with the DNA sequence. Only the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 16. In each of the subunits, GTG is used as an initiation codon, and a corresponding amino acid is represented by methionine. However, this representation refers to methionine, valine, or formylmethionine.
The mutant lysC used in the present invention is not specifically limited provided that it codes for AK in which synergistic feedback inhibition by L-lysine and L-threonine is desensitized. However, the mutant lysC is exemplified by one including mutation in which a 279th alanine residue as counted from the N-terminal is changed into an amino acid residue other than alanine and other than acidic amino acid in the .alpha.-subunit, and a 30th alanine residue is changed into an amino acid residue other than alanine and other than acidic amino acid in the .beta.-subunit in the amino acid sequence of the wild type AK. The amino acid sequence of the wild type AK specifically includes the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 in Sequence Listing as the .alpha.-subunit, and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16 in Sequence Listing as the .beta.-subunit.
Those preferred as the amino acid residue other than alanine and other than acidic amino acid include threonine, arginine, cysteine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, and valine residues.
The codon corresponding to an amino acid residue to be substituted is not specifically limited for its type provided that it codes for the amino acid residue. It is assumed that the amino acid sequence of possessed wild type AK may slightly differ depending on the difference in bacterial species and bacterial strains. AK's, which have mutation based on, for example, substitution, deletion, or insertion of one or more amino acid residues at one or more positions irrelevant to the enzyme activity as described above, can be also used for the present invention. Other AK's, which have mutation based on, for example, substitution, deletion, or insertion of other one or more amino acid residues, can be also used provided that no influence is substantially exerted on the AK activity, and on the desensitization of synergistic feedback inhibition by L-lysine and L-threonine.
An AJ12691 strain obtained by introducing a mutant lysc plasmid p399AK9B into an AJ12036 strain (FERM BP-734) as a wild type strain of Brevibacterium lactofermentum has been deposited on Apr. 10, 1992 under an accession number of FERM P-12918 in National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Ministry of International Trade and Industry (postal code: 305, 1-3, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan), transferred to international deposition based on the Budapest Treaty on Feb. 10, 1995, and deposited under an accession number of FERM BP-4999.
(ii) Preparation of dapB
A DNA fragment containing dapB can be prepared from chromosome of a coryneform bacterium by means of PCR. The DNA donor is not specifically limited, however, it is exemplified by Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 strain.
A DNA sequence coding for DDPR is known for Brevibacterium lactofermentum (Journal of Bacteriology, 175(9), 2743-2749 (1993)), on the basis of which DNA primers for PCR can be prepared. Such DNA primers are specifically exemplified by DNA's of 23-mers respectively having nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 22 in Sequence Listing. Synthesis of DNA, PCR, and preparation of a plasmid carrying obtained dapB can be performed in the same manner as those for lysC described above.
A nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment containing dapB and an amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence are illustrated in SEQ ID NO: 23. Only the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 24. In addition to DNA fragments coding for this amino acid sequence, the present invention can equivalently use DNA fragments coding for amino acid sequences substantially the same as the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, namely amino acid sequences having mutation based on, for example, substitution, deletion, or insertion of one or more amino acids provided that there is no substantial influence on the DDPR activity.
A transformant strain AJ13107 obtained by introducing a plasmid pCRDAPB carrying dapB obtained in Example described later on into E. coli JM109 strain has been internationally deposited since May 26, 1995 under an accession number of FERM BP-5114 in National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Ministry of International Trade and Industry (postal code: 305, 1-3, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan) based on the Budapest Treaty.
(iii) Preparation of dapA
A DNA fragment containing dapA can be prepared from chromosome of a coryneform bacterium by means of PCR. The DNA donor is not specifically limited, however, it is exemplified by Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 strain.
A DNA sequence coding for DDPS is known for Corynebacterium glutamicum (see Nucleic Acids Research, 18(21), 6421 (1990); EMBL accession No. X53993), on the basis of which DNA primers for PCR can be prepared. Such DNA primers are specifically exemplified by DNA's of 23-mers respectively having nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18 in Sequence Listing. Synthesis of DNA, PCR, and preparation of a plasmid carrying obtained dapA can be performed in the same manner as those for lysC described above.
A nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment containing dapA and an amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence are exemplified in SEQ ID NO: 23. Only the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 24. In addition to DNA fragments coding for this amino acid sequence, the present invention can equivalently use DNA fragments coding for amino acid sequences substantially the same as the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, namely amino acid sequences having mutation based on, for example, substitution, deletion, or insertion of one or more amino acids provided that there is no substantial influence on the DDPS activity.
A transformant strain AJ13106 obtained by introducing a plasmid pCRDAPA carrying dapA obtained in Example described later on into E. coli JM109 strain has been internationally deposited since May 26, 1995 under an accession number of FERM BP-5113 in National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Ministry of International Trade and Industry (postal code: 305, 1-3, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan) based on the Budapest Treaty.
In a specified embodiment, in order to enhance lysA and ddh in the L-lysine-producing coryneform bacterium as described above, the genes are introduced into the host by using a plasmid vector, transposon or phage vector or the like. Upon the introduction, it is expected to make enhancement to some extent even by using a low copy type vector. However, it is preferred to use a multiple copy type vector. Such a vector includes, for example, plasmid vectors, pAJ655, pAJ1844, pAJ611, pAJ3148, and pAJ440 described above. Besides, transposons derived from coryneform bacteria are described in International Publication Nos. WO 92/02627 and WO 93/18151; European Patent Publication No. 445385; Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 6-46867; Vertes, A. A. et al., Mol. Microbiol., 11, 739-746 (1994); Bonamy, C., et al., Mol. Microbiol., 14, 571-581 (1994); Vertes, A. A. et al., Mol. Gen. Genet., 245, 397-405 (1994); Jagar, W. et al., FEMS Microbiology Letters, 126, 1-6 (1995); Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 7-107976 and 7-327680 and the like.
A coryneform bacterium enhanced in lysA and ddh according to the present invention can be obtained, for example, by introducing, into a host coryneform bacterium, a recombinant DNA containing lysA and ddh and being autonomously replicable in cells of coryneform bacteria. The recombinant DNA can be obtained, for example, by inserting lysA and ddh into a vector such as plasmid vector, transposon or phage vector as described above.
Each of the genes of lysA and ddh may be successively introduced into the host by using different vectors respectively. Alternatively, two species of the genes may be introduced together by using a single vector. When different vectors are used, the genes may be introduced in any order, however, it is preferred to use vectors which have a stable sharing and harboring mechanism in the host, and which are capable of co-existing with each other.
In the case in which a plasmid is used as a vector, the recombinant DNA can be introduced into the host in accordance with an electric pulse method (Sugimoto et al., Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2-207791). Amplification of a gene using transposon can be performed by introducing a plasmid carrying a transposon into the host cell and inducing transposition of the transposon.
Also, when mutant lysC, dapA and dapB are introduced into coryneform bacterium, each of the genes and lysA and ddh may be successively introduced into the host by using different vectors respectively or, alternatively, two or more species of the genes may be introduced together by using a single vector.
<3> Method for producing L-lysine
L-Lysine can be efficiently produced by cultivating, in an appropriate medium, the coryneform bacterium comprising the enhanced genes for L-lysine biosynthesis as described above to allow L-lysine to be produced and accumulated in a culture, and collecting L-lysine from the culture.
The medium to be used is exemplified by an ordinary medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic ions, and optionally other organic components.
As the carbon source, it is possible to use sugars such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, molasses, and starch hydrolysate; and organic acids such as fumaric acid, citric acid, and succinic acid.
As the nitrogen source, it is possible to use inorganic ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium phosphate; organic nitrogen such as soybean hydrolysate; ammonia gas; and aqueous ammonia.
As organic trace nutrient sources, it is desirable to contain required substances such as vitamin B.sub.1 and L-homoserine or yeast extract or the like in appropriate amounts. Other than the above, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, iron ion, manganese ion and so on are added in small amounts, if necessary.
Cultivation is preferably carried out under an aerobic condition for about 30 to 90 hours. The cultivation temperature is preferably controlled at 25.degree. C. to 37.degree. C., and pH is preferably controlled at 5 to 8 during cultivation. Inorganic or organic, acidic or alkaline substances, or ammonia gas or the like can be used for pH adjustment. L-lysine can be collected from a culture by combining an ordinary ion exchange resin method, a precipitation method, and other known methods.

EXAMPLES
The present invention will be more specifically explained below with reference to Examples.
EXAMPLE 1: Preparation of lysA from Brevibacterium lactofermentum
<1> Preparation of lysA and construction of plasmid carrying lysA
A wild type strain ATCC 13869 of Brevibacterium lactofermentum was used as a chromosomal DNA donor. Chromosomal DNA was prepared from the ATCC 13869 strain in accordance with an ordinary method. A DNA fragment containing argS, lysA, and a promoter of an operon containing them was amplified from the chromosomal DNA in accordance with PCR. As for DNA primers used for amplification, synthetic DNA's of 23-mers having nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2 in Sequence Listing respectively were used in order to amplify a region of about 3.6 kb coding for arginyl-tRNA synthase and DDC on the basis of a sequence known for Corynebacterium glutamicum (see Molecular Microbiology, 4(11), 1819-1830 (1990); Molecular and General Genetics, 212, 112-119 (1988)).
DNA was synthesized in accordance with an ordinary method by using DNA synthesizer model 380B produced by Applied Biosystems and using the phosphoamidite method (see Tetrahedron Letters (1981), 22, 1859).
The gene was amplified by PCR by using DNA Thermal Cycler Model PJ2000 produced by Takara Shuzo, and using Taq DNA polymerase in accordance with a method designated by the supplier. pHSG399 was used as a cloning vector for the amplified gene fragment of 3,579 bp. pHSG399 was digested with a restriction enzyme SmaI (produced by Takara Shuzo), and was ligated with the DNA fragment containing amplified lysA. A plasmid obtained as described above, which had lysA originating from ATCC 13869, was designated as p399LYSA.
A DNA fragment containing lysA was extracted by digesting p399LYSA with KpnI (produced by Takara Shuzo) and BamHI (produced by Takara Shuzo). This DNA fragment was ligated with pHSG299 having been digested with KpnI and BamHI. An obtained plasmid was designated as p299LYSA. The process of construction of p299LYSA is shown in FIG. 1.
A DNA fragment (hereinafter referred to as "Brevi.-ori") having an ability to make a plasmid autonomously replicable in bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium was introduced into p299LYSA to prepare plasmids carrying lysA autonomously replicable in bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium. Brevi.-ori was prepared from a plasmid vector pHK4 containing Brevi.-ori and autonomously replicable in cells of both Escherichia coli and bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium. pHK4 was constructed by digesting pHC4 with KpnI (produced by Takara Shuzo) and BamHI (produced by Takara Shuzo), extracting a Brevi.-ori fragment, and ligating it with pHSG298 having been also digested with KpnI and BamHI (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 5-7491). pHK4 gives kanamycin resistance to a host. Escherichia coli HB101 harboring pHK4 was designated as Escherichia coli AJ13136, and deposited on Aug. 1, 1995 under an accession number of FERM BP-5186 in National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Ministry of International Trade and Industry (postal code: 305, 1-3, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan).
pHK4 was digested with a restriction enzyme BamHI, and cleaved ends were blunted. Blunt end formation was performed by using DNA Blunting kit (produced by Takara Shuzo) in accordance with a designated method. After the blunt end formation, a phosphorylated KpnI linker (produced by Takara Shuzo) was ligated to make modification so that the DNA fragment corresponding to the Brevi.-ori portion might be excised from pHK4 by digestion with only KpnI. This plasmid was digested with KpnI, and the generated Brevi.-ori DNA fragment was ligated with p299LYSA having been also digested with KpnI to prepare a plasmid carrying lysA autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. The prepared plasmid was designated as pLYSAB. The process of construction of pLYSAB is shown in FIG. 2.
<2> Determination of nucleotide sequence of lysA from Brevibacterium lactofermentum
Plasmid DNA of p299LYSA was prepared, and nucleotide sequence determination was performed in accordance with a method of Sanger et al. (for example, F. Sanger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 74, 5463 (1977)). A determined nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence deduced to be encoded by the nucleotide sequence are shown in SEQ ID NO: 3. Concerning the nucleotide sequence, an amino acid sequence encoded by argS and an amino acid sequence encoded by lysA are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 5 respectively.
EXAMPLE 2: Preparation of ddh from Brevibacterium lactofermentum
A ddh gene was obtained by amplifying the ddh gene from chromosomal DNA of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 in accordance with the PCR method by using two oligonucleotide primers (SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7) prepared on the basis of a known nucleotide sequence of a ddh gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum (Ishino, S. et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 15, 3917 (1987)). An obtained amplified DNA fragment was digested with EcoT22I and AvaI, and cleaved ends were blunted. After that, the fragment was inserted into a SmaI site of pMW119 to obtain a plasmid pDDH.
Next, pDDH was digested with SalI and EcoRI, followed by blunt end formation. After that, an obtained fragment was ligated with pUC18 having been digested with SmaI. A plasmid thus obtained was designated as pUC18DDH.
Brevi.-ori was introduced into pUC18DDH to construct a plasmid carrying ddh autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. pHK4 was digested with restriction enzymes KpnI and BamHI, and cleaved ends were blunted. Blunt end formation was performed by using DNA Blunting kit (produced by Takara Shuzo) in accordance with a designated method. After the blunt end formation, a phosphorylated PstI linker (produced by Takara Shuzo) was ligated so that it was inserted into a PstI site of pHSG299. A plasmid constructed as described above was designated as pPK4. Next, pUC18DDH was digested with XbaI and KpnI, and a generated fragment was ligated with pPK4 having been digested with KpnI and XbaI. Thus a plasmid carrying ddh autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria was constructed. This plasmid was designated as pPK4D. The process of construction of pPK4D is shown in FIG. 3.
EXAMPLE 3: Construction of Plasmid Carrying Both of ddh and lysA
The plasmid pUC18DDH carrying ddh was digested with EcoRI and then blunt-ended and further digested with XbaI to extract a DNA fragment containing ddh. This ddh fragment was ligated with the plasmid p399LYSA carrying lysA having been digested with BamHI and then blunt-ended and further having been digested with XbaI. An obtained plasmid was designated as p399DL. The process of construction of p399DL is shown in FIG. 4.
Next, Brevi.-ori was introduced into p399DL. pHK4 was digested with XbaI and BamHI, and cleaved ends were blunted. After the blunt end formation, a phosphorylated XbaI linker was ligated to make modification so that the DNA fragment corresponding to the Brevi.-ori portion might be excised from pHK4 by digestion with only XbaI. This plasmid was digested with XbaI, and the generated Brevi.-ori DNA fragment was ligated with p399DL having been also digested with XbaI to construct a plasmid containing ddh and lysA autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. The constructed plasmid was designated as pDL. The process of construction of pDL is shown in FIG. 5.
EXAMPLE 4: Preparation of Mutant lysC, dapA and dapB from Brevibacterium lactofermentum
<1> Preparation of Wild Type lysC Gene and Mutant lysC Gene from Brevibacterium lactofermentum (1) Preparation of wild type and mutant lysC's and preparation of plasmids carrying them
A strain of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869, and an L-lysine-producing mutant strain AJ3445 (FERM P-1944) obtained from the ATCC 13869 strain by a mutation treatment were used as chromosomal DNA donors. The AJ3445 strain had been subjected to mutation so that lysC was changed to involve substantial desensitization from concerted inhibition by lysine and threonine (Journal of Biochemistry, 68, 701-710 (1970)).
A DNA fragment containing lysC was amplified from chromosomal DNA in accordance with the PCR method (polymerase chain reaction; see White, T. J. et al., Trends Genet., 5, 185 (1989)). As for DNA primers used for amplification, single strand DNA's of 23-mer and 21-mer having nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 11 were synthesized in order to amplify a region of about 1,643 bp coding for lysC on the basis of a sequence known for Corynebacterium alutamicum (see Molecular Microbiology (1991), 5(5), 1197-1204; and Mol. Gen. Genet. (1990), 224, 317-324).
An amplified gene fragment of 1,643 kb was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. After that, the fragment excised from the gel was purified in accordance with an ordinary method, and it was digested with restriction enzymes NruI (produced by Takara Shuzo) and EcoRI (produced by Takara Shuzo).
pHSG399 (see Takeshita, S. et al., Gene (1987), 61, 63-74) was used as a cloning vector for the gene fragment. pHSG399 was digested with restriction enzymes SmaI (produced by Takara Shuzo) and EcoRI, and it was ligated with the amplified lysC fragment. DNA was ligated by using DNA ligation kit (produced by Takara Shuzo) in accordance with a designated method. Thus plasmids were prepared, in which the lysC fragments amplified from chromosomes of Brevibacterium lactofermentum were ligated with pHSG399 respectively. A plasmid carrying lysC from ATCC 13869 (wild type strain) was designated as p399AKY, and a plasmid carrying lysC from AJ3463 (L-lysine-producing bacterium) was designated as p399AK9.
Brevi.-ori was introduced into the prepared p399AKY and p399AK9 respectively to construct plasmids carrying lysC autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria.
pHK4 was digested with restriction enzymes KpnI and BamHI (produced by Takara Shuzo), and cleaved ends were blunted. Blunt end formation was performed by using DNA Blunting kit (produced by Takara Shuzo) in accordance with a designated method. After the blunt end formation, a phosphorylated BamHI linker (produced by Takara Shuzo) was ligated to make modification so that the DNA fragment corresponding to the Brevi.-ori portion might be excised from pHK4 by digestion with only BamHI. This plasmid was digested with BamHI, and the generated Brevi.-ori DNA fragment was ligated with p399AKY and p399AK9 having been also digested with BamHI to prepare plasmids carrying lysC autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria.
A plasmid carrying the wild type lysC gene originating from p399AKY was designated as p399AKYB, and a plasmid carrying the mutant lysC gene originating from p399AK9 was designated as p399AK9B. The process of construction of p399AK9B and p399AKYB is shown in FIG. 6. A strain AJ12691 obtained by introducing the mutant lysC plasmid p399AK9B into a wild type strain of Brevibacterium lactofermentum (AJ12036 strain, FERM BP-734) was deposited on Apr. 10, 1992 under an accession number of FERM P-12918 in National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Ministry of International Trade and Industry (postal code: 305, 1-3, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan), transferred to international deposition based on the Budapest Treaty on Feb. 10, 1995, and deposited under an accession number of FERM BP-4999.
(2) Determination of nucleotide sequences of wild type lysC and mutant lysC from Brevibacterium lactofermentum
The plasmid p399AKY containing the wild type lysC and the plasmid p399AK9 containing the mutant lysC were prepared from the respective transformants to determine nucleotide sequences of the wild type and mutant lysC's. Nucleotide sequence determination was performed in accordance with a method of Sanger et al. (for example, F. Sanger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 74, 5463 (1977)).
The nucleotide sequence of wild type lysC encoded by p399AKY is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 in Sequence Listing. On the other hand, the nucleotide sequence of mutant lysC encoded by p399AK9 had only mutation of one nucleotide such that 1051st G was changed into A in SEQ ID NO: 12 as compared with wild type lysC. It is known that lysC of Corynebacterium glutamicum has two subunits (.alpha., .beta.) encoded in an identical reading frame on an identical DNA strand (see Kalinowski, J. et al., Molecular Microbiology (1991) 5(5), 1197-1204). Judging from homology, it is expected that the gene sequenced herein also has two subunits (.alpha., .beta.) encoded in an identical reading frame on an identical DNA strand.
An amino acid sequence of the .alpha.-subunit of the wild type AK protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence of DNA is shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 together with the DNA sequence. Only the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 14. An amino acid sequence of the .beta.-subunit of the wild type AK protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence of DNA is shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 together with DNA. Only the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 16. In each of the subunits, GTG is used as an initiation codon, and a corresponding amino acid is represented by methionine. However, this representation refers to methionine, valine, or formylmethionine.
On the other hand, mutation on the sequence of mutant lysC means occurrence of amino acid residue substitution such that a 279th alanine residue of the .alpha.-subunit is changed into a threonine residue, and a 30th alanine residue of the .beta.-subunit is changed into a threonine residue in the amino acid sequence of the wild type AK protein (SEQ ID NOs: 14, 16).
<2> Preparation of dapB from Brevibacterium lactofermentum
(1) Preparation of dapB and construction of plasmid carrying dapB
A wild type strain ATCC 13869 of Brevibacterium lactofermentum was used as a chromosomal DNA donor. Chromosomal DNA was prepared from the ATCC 13869 strain in accordance with an ordinary method. A DNA fragment containing dapB was amplified from the chromosomal DNA in accordance with PCR. As for DNA primers used for amplification, DNA's of 23-mers having nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18 in Sequence Listing respectively were synthesized in order to amplify a region of about 2.0 kb coding for DDPR on the basis of a sequence known for Brevibacterium lactofermentum (see Journal of Bacteriolgy, 157(9), 2743-2749 (1993)). Synthesis of DNA and PCR were performed in the same manner as described in Example 1. pCR-Script (produced by Invitrogen) was used as a cloning vector for the amplified gene fragment of 2,001 bp, and was ligated with the amplified dapB fragment. Thus a plasmid was constructed, in which the dapB fragment of 2,001 bp amplified from chromosome of Brevibacterium lactofermentum was ligated with pCR-Script. The plasmid obtained as described above, which had dapB originating from ATCC 13869, was designated as pCRDAPB. A transformant strain AJ13107 obtained by introducing pCRDAPB into E. coli JM109 strain has been internationally deposited since May 26, 1995 under an accession number of FERM BP-5114 in National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Ministry of International Trade and Industry (postal code: 305, 1-3, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan) based on the Budapest Treaty.
A fragment of 1,101 bp containing a structural gene of DDPR was extracted by digesting pCRDAPB with EcoRV and SphI. This fragment was ligated with pHSG399 having been digested with HincII and SphI to prepare a plasmid. The prepared plasmid was designated as p399DPR.
Brevi.-ori was introduced into the prepared p399DPR to construct a plasmid carrying dapB autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. pHK4 was digested with a restriction enzyme KpnI (produced by Takara Shuzo), and cleaved ends were blunted. Blunt end formation was performed by using DNA Blunting kit (produced by Takara Shuzo) in accordance with a designated method. After the blunt end formation, a phosphorylated BamHI linker (produced by Takara Shuzo) was ligated to make modification so that the DNA fragment corresponding to the Brevi.-ori portion might be excised from pHK4 by digestion with only BamHI. This plasmid was digested with BamHI, and the generated Brevi.-ori DNA fragment was ligated with p399DPR having been also digested with BamHI to prepare a plasmid containing dapB autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. The prepared plasmid was designated as pDPRB. The process of construction of pDPRB is shown in FIG. 7.
(2) Determination of nucleotide sequence of dapB from Brevibacterium lactofermentum
Plasmid DNA was prepared from the AJ13107 strain harboring p399DPR, and its nucleotide sequence was determined in the same manner as described in Example 1. A determined nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence are shown in SEQ ID NO: 23. Only the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 24.
<3> Preparation of dapA from Brevibacterium lactofermentum
(1) Preparation of dapA and construction of plasmid carrying dapA
A wild type strain of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 was used as a chromosomal DNA donor. Chromosomal DNA was prepared from the ATCC 13869 strain in accordance with an ordinary method. A DNA fragment containing dapA was amplified from the chromosomal DNA in accordance with PCR. As for DNA primers used for amplification, DNA's of 23-mers having nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18 in Sequence Listing respectively were synthesized in order to amplify a region of about 1.5 kb coding for DDPS on the basis of a sequence known for Corynebacterium glutamicum (see Nucleic Acids Research, 18(21), 6421 (1990); EMBL accession No. X53993). Synthesis of DNA and PCR were performed in the same manner as described in Example 1. pCR1000 (produced by Invitrogen, see Bio/Technology, 9, 657-663 (1991)) was used as a cloning vector for the amplified gene fragment of 1,411 bp, and was ligated with the amplified dapA fragment. Ligation of DNA was performed by using DNA ligation kit (produced by Takara Shuzo) in accordance with a designated method. Thus a plasmid was constructed, in which the dapA fragment of 1,411 bp amplified from chromosome of Brevibacterium lactofermentum was ligated with pCR1000. The plasmid obtained as described above, which had dapA originating from ATCC 13869, was designated as pCRDAPA.
A transformant strain AJ13106 obtained by introducing pCRDAPA into E. coli JM109 strain has been internationally deposited since May 26, 1995 under an accession number of FERM BP-5113 in National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Ministry of International Trade and Industry (postal code: 305, 1-3, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan) based on the Budapest Treaty.
Brevi.-ori was introduced into the prepared pCRDAPA to construct a plasmid carrying dapA autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. pHK4 was digested with restriction enzymes KpnI and BamHI (produced by Takara Shuzo), and cleaved ends were blunted. Blunt end formation was performed by using DNA Blunting kit (produced by Takara Shuzo) in accordance with a designated method. After the blunt end formation, a phosphorylated SmaI linker (produced by Takara Shuzo) was ligated to make modification so that the DNA fragment corresponding to the Brevi.-ori portion might be excised from pHK4 by digestion with only SmaI. This plasmid was digested with SamI, and the generated Brevi.-ori DNA fragment was ligated with pCRDAPA having been also digested with SmaI to prepare a plasmid carrying dapA autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. This plasmid was designated as pDPSB. The process of construction of pDPSB(Km.sup.r) is shown in FIG. 8.
(2) Determination of nucleotide sequence of dapA from Brevibacterium lactofermentum
Plasmid DNA was prepared from the AJ13106 strain harboring pCRDAPA, and its nucleotide sequence was determined in the same manner as described in Example 1. A determined nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence are shown in SEQ ID NO: 19. Only the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 20.
<4> Construction of Plasmid Carrying Both of Mutant lysC and dapA
A plasmid carrying mutant lysC, dapA, and replication origin of coryneform bacteria was constructed from the plasmid pCRDAPA carrying dapA and the plasmid p399AK9B carrying mutant lysC and Brevi.-ori. p399AK9B was completely digested with SalI, and then it was blunt-ended. An EcoRI linker was ligated therewith to construct a plasmid in which the SalI site was modified into an EcoRI site. The obtained plasmid was designated as p399AK9BSE. The mutant lysC and Brevi.-ori were excised as one fragment by partially digesting p399AK9BSE with EcoRI. This fragment was ligated with pCRDAPA having been digested with EcoRI. An obtained plasmid was designated as pCRCAB. This plasmid is autonomously replicable in E. coli and coryneform bacteria, and it gives kanamycin resistance to a host, the plasmid carrying both of mutant lysC and dapA. The process of construction of pCRCAB is shown in FIG. 9.
<5> Construction of Plasmid Carrying Both of Mutant lysC and dapB
A plasmid carrying mutant lysC and dapB was constructed from the plasmid p399AK9 carrying mutant lysC and the plasmid p399DPR carrying dapB. A fragment of 1,101 bp containing a structural gene of DDPR was extracted by digesting p399DPR with EcoRV and SphI. This fragment was ligated with p399AK9 having been digested with SalI and then blunt-ended and having been further digested with SphI to construct a plasmid carrying both of mutant lysC and dapB. This plasmid was designated as p399AKDDPR.
Next, Brevi.-ori was introduced into the obtained p399AKDDPR. The plasmid pHK4 containing Brevi.-ori was digested with a restriction enzyme KpnI (produced by Takara Shuzo), and cleaved ends were blunted. Blunt end formation was performed by using DNA Blunting kit (produced by Takara Shuzo) in accordance with a designated method. After the blunt end formation, a phosphorylated BamHI linker (produced by Takara Shuzo) was ligated to make modification so that the DNA fragment corresponding to the Brevi.-ori portion might be excised from pHK4 by digestion with only BamHI. This plasmid was digested with BamHI, and the generated Brevi.-ori DNA fragment was ligated with p399AKDDPR having been also digested with BamHI to construct a plasmid carrying mutant lysC and dapB autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. The constructed plasmid was designated as pCB. The process of construction of pCB is shown in FIG. 10.
<6> Construction of Plasmid Carrying Both of dapA and dapB
The plasmid pCRDAPA carrying dapA was digested with KpnI and EcoRI to extract a DNA fragment containing dapA and the fragment was ligated with the vector plasmid pHSG399 having been digested with KpnI and EcoRI. An obtained plasmid was designated as p399DPS.
On the other hand, the plasmid pCRDAPB carrying dapB was digested with SacII and EcoRI to extract a DNA fragment of 2.0 kb containing a region coding for DDPR and the fragment was ligated with p399DPS having been digested with SacII and EcoRI to construct a plasmid carrying both of dapA and dapB. The obtained plasmid was designated as p399AB.
Next, Brevi.-ori was introduced into p399AB. pHK4 carrying Brevi.-ori was digested with a restriction enzyme BamHI (produced by Takara Shuzo), and cleaved ends were blunted. Blunt end formation was performed by using DNA Blunting kit (produced by Takara Shuzo) in accordance with a designated method. After the blunt end formation, a phosphorylated KpnI linker (produced by Takara Shuzo) was ligated to make modification so that the DNA fragment corresponding to the Brevi.-ori portion might be excised from pHK4 by digestion with only KpnI. This plasmid was digested with KpnI, and the generated Brevi.-ori DNA fragment was ligated with p399AB having been also digested with KpnI to construct a plasmid carrying dapA and dapB autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. The constructed plasmid was designated as pAB. The process of construction of pAB is shown in FIG. 11.
<7> Construction of Plasmid Carrying Mutant lysC, dapA, and dapB Together
p399DPS was digested with EcoRI and SphI followed by blunt end formation to extract a dapA gene fragment. This fragment was ligated with the p399AK9 having been digested with SalI and blunt-ended to construct a plasmid p399CA in which mutant lysC and dapA co-existed.
The plasmid pCRDAPB carrying dapB was digested with EcoRI and blunt-ended, followed by digestion with SacI to extract a DNA fragment of 2.0 kb comprising dapB. The plasmid p399CA carrying dapA and mutant lysC was digested with SpeI and blunt-ended, and was thereafter digested with SacI and ligated with the extracted dapB fragment to obtain a plasmid carrying mutant lysC, dapA, and dapB. This plasmid was designated as p399CAB.
Next, Brevi.-ori was introduced into p399CAB. The plasmid pHK4 carrying Brevi.-ori was digested with a restriction enzyme BamHI (produced by Takara Shuzo), and cleaved ends were blunted. Blunt end formation was performed by using DNA Blunting kit (produced by Takara Shuzo) in accordance with a designated method. After the blunt end formation, a phosphorylated KpnI linker (produced by Takara Shuzo) was ligated to make modification so that the DNA fragment corresponding to the Brevi.-ori portion might be excised from pHK4 by digestion with only KpnI. This plasmid was digested with KpnI, and the generated Brevi.-ori DNA fragment was ligated with p399CAB having been also digested with KpnI to construct a plasmid carrying mutant lysC, dapA, and dapB together autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. The constructed plasmid was designated as pCAB. The process of construction of pCAB is shown in FIG. 12.
<8> Construction of Plasmid Carrying Mutant lysC, dapA, dapB, and lysA Together
The plasmid p299LYSA carrying lysA was digested with KpnI and BamHI and blunt-ended, and then a lysA gene fragment was extracted. This fragment was ligated with pCAB having been digested with HpaI (produced by Takara Shuzo) and blunt-ended to construct a plasmid carrying mutant lysC, dapA, dapB, and lysA together autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. The constructed plasmid was designated as pCABL. The process of construction of pCABL is shown in FIG. 13. It is noted that the lysA gene fragment is inserted into a HpaI site in a DNA fragment containing the dapB gene in pCABL, however, the HpaI site is located upstream from a promoter for the dapB gene (nucleotide numbers 611 to 616 in SEQ ID NO: 23), and the dapB gene is not divided.
<9> Construction of Plasmid Carrying Mutant lysC, dapA, dapB, ddh, and lysA Together
pHSG299 was digested with XbaI and KpnI, and was ligated with p399DL carrying ddh and lysA having been digested with XbaI and KpnI. A constructed plasmid was designated as p299DL. p299DL was digested with XbaI and KpnI and blunt-ended. After the blunt end formation, a DNA fragment carrying ddh and lysA was extracted. This DNA fragment was ligated with the plasmid pCAB carrying mutant lysC, dapA, and dapB together having been digested with HpaI and blunt-ended to construct a plasmid carrying mutant lysC, dapA, dapB, lysA and ddh together autonomously replicable in coryneform bacteria. The constructed plasmid was designated as pCABDL. The process of construction of pCABDL is shown in FIG. 14.
EXAMPLE 5: Introduction of Plasmids Carrying Genes for L-Lysine Biosynthesis into L-Lysine-Producing Bacterium of Brevibacterium lactofermentum
The plasmids carrying the genes for L-lysine biosynthesis constructed as described above, namely pLYSAB(Cm.sup.r), pPK4D(Cm.sup.r), p399AK9B(Cm.sup.r), PDPSB(Km.sup.r), pDPRB(Cm.sup.r), pCRCAB(Km.sup.r), pAB(Cm.sup.r), pDL(Cm.sup.r), pCB(Cm.sup.r), pCAB(Cm.sup.r), pCABL(Cm.sup.r), and pCABDL(Cm.sup.r) were introduced into an L-lysine-producing bacterium AJ11082 (NRRL B-11470) of Brevibacterium lactofermentum respectively. AJ11082 strain has a property of AEC resistance. The plasmids were introduced in accordance with an electric pulse method (Sugimoto et al., Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2-207791). Transformants were selected based on drug resistance markers possessed by the respective plasmids. Transformants were selected on a complete medium containing 5 .mu.g/ml of chloramphenicol when a plasmid carrying a chloramphenicol resistance gene was introduced, or transformants were selected on a complete medium containing 25 .mu.g/ml of kanamycin when a plasmid carrying a kanamycin resistance gene was introduced.
EXAMPLE 6: Production of L-Lysine
Each of the transformants obtained in Example 5 was cultivated in an L-lysine-producing medium to evaluate its L-lysine productivity. The L-lysine-producing medium had the following composition. [L-Lysine-producing medium]
The following components other than calcium carbonate (per liter) were dissolved to make adjustment at pH 8.0 with KOH. The medium was sterilized at 115.degree. C. for 15 minutes, and calcium carbonate (50 g) having been separately sterilized in hot air in a dry state was added to the sterilized medium.
______________________________________Glucose 100 g(NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4 55 gKH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 1 gMgSO.sub.4 .multidot. 7H.sub.2 O 1 gBiotin 500 .mu.gThiamin 2000 .mu.gFeSO.sub.4 .multidot. 7H.sub.2 O 0.01 gMnSO.sub.4 .multidot. 7H.sub.2 O 0.01 gNicotinamide 5 mgProtein hydrolysate (Mamenou) 30 mlCalcium carbonate 50 g______________________________________
Each of the various types of the transformants and the parent strain was inoculated to the medium having the composition described above to perform cultivation at 31.5.degree. C. with reciprocating shaking. The amount of produced L-lysine after 40 or 72 hours of cultivation, and the growth after 72 hours (OD.sub.562) are shown in Table 1. In the table, lysC* represents mutant lysC. The growth was quantitatively determined by measuring OD at 560 nm after 101-fold dilution.
TABLE 1______________________________________Accumulation of L-Lysine after Cultivation for 40 or 72 Hours Amount of producedBacterial L-lysine (g/L) Growthstrain/ after after (OD.sub.562 /plasmid Introduced gene 40 hrs 72 hrs 101)______________________________________AJ11082 22.0 29.8 0.450AJ11082/pLYSAB lysA 19.8 32.5 0.356AJ11082/pPK4D ddh 19.0 33.4 0.330AJ11082/p399AK9B lysC* 16.8 34.5 0.398AJ11082/pDPSB dapA 18.7 33.8 0.410AJ11082/pDPRB dapB 19.9 29.9 0.445AJ11082/pCRCAB lysC*, dapA 19.7 36.5 0.360AJ11082/pAB dapA, dapB 19.0 34.8 0.390AJ11082/pDL lysA, ddh 23.3 31.6 0.440AJ11082/pCB lysC*, dapB 23.3 35.0 0.440AJ11082/pCAB lysC*, dapA, dapB 23.0 45.0 0.425AJ11082/pCABL lysC*, dapA, dapB, 26.2 46.5 0.379 lysAAJ11082/pCABDL lysC*, dapA, dapB, 26.5 47.0 0.409 lysA, ddh______________________________________
As shown above, when lysA, ddh, mutant lysC, dapA, or dapB was enhanced singly, the amount of produced L-lysine after 72 hours of cultivation was larger than or equivalent to that produced by the parent strain, however, the amount of produced L-lysine after 40 hours of cultivation was smaller than that produced by the parent strain. Namely, the L-lysine-producing speed was lowered in cultivation for a short period. Similarly, when mutant lysC and dapA, or dapA and dapB were enhanced in combination, the amount of produced L-lysine after 72 hours of cultivation was larger than that produced by the parent strain, however, the amount of produced L-lysine after 40 hours of cultivation was smaller than that produced by the parent strain. Thus the L-lysine-producing speed was lowered.
On the other hand, when only lysA and ddh were enhanced in combination, the growth was improved, the L-lysine-producing speed was successfully restored in the short period of cultivation, and the accumulated amount of L-lysine was also improved in cultivation for a long period.
Also, in the case of the strain in which dapB was enhanced together with mutant lysC, and in the case of the strain in which dapA as well as these genes were simultaneously enhanced, the growth was improved and the L-lysine-producing speed was increased compared with the parent strain. In the case of the strain in which these three genes were simultaneously enhanced, both of the L-lysine-producing speed and the amount of accumulated L-lysine were further improved by further enhancing lysA and ddh.
__________________________________________________________________________# SEQUENCE LISTING- (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:- (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 24- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 23 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid (A) DESCRIPTION: /desc=- #"Synthetic DNA"- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:# 23CGCG AGG- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 23 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid (A) DESCRIPTION: /desc=- #"Synthetic DNA"- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:# 23CGGC GAA- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 3579 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Brevibacteri - #um lactofermentum (B) STRAIN: ATCC 13869- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 533..2182- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 2188..3522- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:- GTGGAGCCGA CCATTCCGCG AGGCTGCACT GCAACGAGGT CGTAGTTTTG GT - #ACATGGCT 60- TCTGGCCAGT TCATGGATTG GCTGCCGAAG AAGCTATAGG CATCGCACCA GG - #GCCACCGA 120- GTTACCGAAG ATGGTGCCGT GCTTTTCGCC TTGGGCAGGG ACCTTGACAA AG - #CCCACGCT 180- GATATCGCCA AGTGAGGGAT CAGAATAGTG CATGGGCACG TCGATGCTGC CA - #CATTGAGC 240- GGAGGCAATA TCTACCTGAG GTGGGCATTC TTCCCAGCGG ATGTTTTCTT GC - #GCTGCTGC 300- AGTGGGCATT GATACCAAAA AGGGGCTAAG CGCAGTCGAG GCGGCAAGAA CT - #GCTACTAC 360- CCTTTTTATT GTCGAACGGG GCATTACGGC TCCAAGGACG TTTGTTTTCT GG - #GTCAGTTA 420- CCCCAAAAAG CATATACAGA GACCAATGAT TTTTCATTAA AAAGGCAGGG AT - #TTGTTATA 480- AGTATGGGTC GTATTCTGTG CGACGGGTGT ACCTCGGCTA GAATTTCTCC CC - # ATG 535# Met# 1- ACA CCA GCT GAT CTC GCA ACA TTG ATT AAA GA - #G ACC GCG GTA GAG GTT 583Thr Pro Ala Asp Leu Ala Thr Leu Ile Lys Gl - #u Thr Ala Val Glu Val# 15- TTG ACC TCC CGC GAG CTC GAT ACT TCT GTT CT - #T CCG GAG CAG GTA GTT 631Leu Thr Ser Arg Glu Leu Asp Thr Ser Val Le - #u Pro Glu Gln Val Val# 30- GTG GAG CGT CCG CGT AAC CCA GAG CAC GGC GA - #T TAC GCC ACC AAC ATT 679Val Glu Arg Pro Arg Asn Pro Glu His Gly As - #p Tyr Ala Thr Asn Ile# 45- GCA TTG CAG GTG GCT AAA AAG GTC GGT CAG AA - #C CCT CGG GAT TTG GCT 727Ala Leu Gln Val Ala Lys Lys Val Gly Gln As - #n Pro Arg Asp Leu Ala# 65- ACC TGG CTG GCA GAG GCA TTG GCT GCA GAT GA - #C GCC ATT GAT TCT GCT 775Thr Trp Leu Ala Glu Ala Leu Ala Ala Asp As - #p Ala Ile Asp Ser Ala# 80- GAA ATT GCT GGC CCA GGC TTT TTG AAC ATT CG - #C CTT GCT GCA GCA GCA 823Glu Ile Ala Gly Pro Gly Phe Leu Asn Ile Ar - #g Leu Ala Ala Ala Ala# 95- CAG GGT GAA ATT GTG GCC AAG ATT CTG GCA CA - #G GGC GAG ACT TTC GGA 871Gln Gly Glu Ile Val Ala Lys Ile Leu Ala Gl - #n Gly Glu Thr Phe Gly# 110- AAC TCC GAT CAC CTT TCC CAC TTG GAC GTG AA - #C CTC GAG TTC GTT TCT 919Asn Ser Asp His Leu Ser His Leu Asp Val As - #n Leu Glu Phe Val Ser# 125- GCA AAC CCA ACC GGA CCT ATT CAC CTT GGC GG - #A ACC CGC TGG GCT GCC 967Ala Asn Pro Thr Gly Pro Ile His Leu Gly Gl - #y Thr Arg Trp Ala Ala130 1 - #35 1 - #40 1 -#45- GTG GGT GAC TCT TTG GGT CGT GTG CTG GAG GC - #T TCC GGC GCG AAA GTG1015Val Gly Asp Ser Leu Gly Arg Val Leu Glu Al - #a Ser Gly Ala Lys Val# 160- ACC CGC GAA TAC TAC TTC AAC GAT CAC GGT CG - #C CAG ATC GAT CGT TTC1063Thr Arg Glu Tyr Tyr Phe Asn Asp His Gly Ar - #g Gln Ile Asp Arg Phe# 175- GCT TTG TCC CTT CTT GCA GCG GCG AAG GGC GA - #G CCA ACG CCA GAA GAC1111Ala Leu Ser Leu Leu Ala Ala Ala Lys Gly Gl - #u Pro Thr Pro Glu Asp# 190- GGT TAT GGC GGC GAA TAC ATT AAG GAA ATT GC - #G GAG GCA ATC GTC GAA1159Gly Tyr Gly Gly Glu Tyr Ile Lys Glu Ile Al - #a Glu Ala Ile Val Glu# 205- AAG CAT CCT GAA GCG TTG GCT TTG GAG CCT GC - #C GCA ACC CAG GAG CTT1207Lys His Pro Glu Ala Leu Ala Leu Glu Pro Al - #a Ala Thr Gln Glu Leu210 2 - #15 2 - #20 2 -#25- TTC CGC GCT GAA GGC GTG GAG ATG ATG TTC GA - #G CAC ATC AAA TCT TCC1255Phe Arg Ala Glu Gly Val Glu Met Met Phe Gl - #u His Ile Lys Ser Ser# 240- CTG CAT GAG TTC GGC ACC GAT TTC GAT GTC TA - #C TAC CAC GAG AAC TCC1303Leu His Glu Phe Gly Thr Asp Phe Asp Val Ty - #r Tyr His Glu Asn Ser# 255- CTG TTC GAG TCC GGT GCG GTG GAC AAG GCC GT - #G CAG GTG CTG AAG GAC1351Leu Phe Glu Ser Gly Ala Val Asp Lys Ala Va - #l Gln Val Leu Lys Asp# 270- AAC GGC AAC CTG TAC GAA AAC GAG GGC GCT TG - #G TGG CTG CGT TCC ACC1399Asn Gly Asn Leu Tyr Glu Asn Glu Gly Ala Tr - #p Trp Leu Arg Ser Thr# 285- GAA TTC GGC GAT GAC AAA GAC CGC GTG GTG AT - #C AAG TCT GAC GGC GAC1447Glu Phe Gly Asp Asp Lys Asp Arg Val Val Il - #e Lys Ser Asp Gly Asp290 2 - #95 3 - #00 3 -#05- GCA GCC TAC ATC GCT GGC GAT ATC GCG TAC GT - #G GCT GAT AAG TTC TCC1495Ala Ala Tyr Ile Ala Gly Asp Ile Ala Tyr Va - #l Ala Asp Lys Phe Ser# 320- CGC GGA CAC AAC CTA AAC ATC TAC ATG TTG GG - #T GCT GAC CAC CAT GGT1543Arg Gly His Asn Leu Asn Ile Tyr Met Leu Gl - #y Ala Asp His His Gly# 335- TAC ATC GCG CGC CTG AAG GCA GCG GCG GCG GC - #A CTT GGC TAC AAG CCA1591Tyr Ile Ala Arg Leu Lys Ala Ala Ala Ala Al - #a Leu Gly Tyr Lys Pro# 350- GAA GGC GTT GAA GTC CTG ATT GGC CAG ATG GT - #G AAC CTG CTT CGC GAC1639Glu Gly Val Glu Val Leu Ile Gly Gln Met Va - #l Asn Leu Leu Arg Asp# 365- GGC AAG GCA GTG CGT ATG TCC AAG CGT GCA GG - #C ACC GTG GTC ACC CTA1687Gly Lys Ala Val Arg Met Ser Lys Arg Ala Gl - #y Thr Val Val Thr Leu370 3 - #75 3 - #80 3 -#85- GAT GAC CTC GTT GAA GCA ATC GGC ATC GAT GC - #G GCG CGT TAC TCC CTG1735Asp Asp Leu Val Glu Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Al - #a Ala Arg Tyr Ser Leu# 400- ATC CGT TCC TCC GTG GAT TCT TCC CTG GAT AT - #C GAT CTC GGC CTG TGG1783Ile Arg Ser Ser Val Asp Ser Ser Leu Asp Il - #e Asp Leu Gly Leu Trp# 415- GAA TCC CAG TCC TCC GAC AAC CCT GTG TAC TA - #C GTG CAG TAC GGA CAC1831Glu Ser Gln Ser Ser Asp Asn Pro Val Tyr Ty - #r Val Gln Tyr Gly His# 430- GCT CGT CTG TGC TCC ATC GCG CGC AAG GCA GA - #G ACC TTG GGT GTC ACC1879Ala Arg Leu Cys Ser Ile Ala Arg Lys Ala Gl - #u Thr Leu Gly Val Thr# 445- GAG GAA GGC GCA GAC CTA TCT CTA CTG ACC CA - #C GAC CGC GAA GGC GAT1927Glu Glu Gly Ala Asp Leu Ser Leu Leu Thr Hi - #s Asp Arg Glu Gly Asp450 4 - #55 4 - #60 4 -#65- CTC ATC CGC ACA CTC GGA GAG TTC CCA GCA GT - #G GTG AAG GCT GCC GCT1975Leu Ile Arg Thr Leu Gly Glu Phe Pro Ala Va - #l Val Lys Ala Ala Ala# 480- GAC CTA CGT GAA CCA CAC CGC ATT GCC CGC TA - #T GCT GAG GAA TTA GCT2023Asp Leu Arg Glu Pro His Arg Ile Ala Arg Ty - #r Ala Glu Glu Leu Ala# 495- GGA ACT TTC CAC CGC TTC TAC GAT TCC TGC CA - #C ATC CTT CCA AAG GTT2071Gly Thr Phe His Arg Phe Tyr Asp Ser Cys Hi - #s Ile Leu Pro Lys Val# 510- GAT GAG GAT ACG GCA CCA ATC CAC ACA GCA CG - #T CTG GCA CTT GCA GCA2119Asp Glu Asp Thr Ala Pro Ile His Thr Ala Ar - #g Leu Ala Leu Ala Ala# 525- GCA ACC CGC CAG ACC CTC GCT AAC GCC CTG CA - #C CTG GTT GGC GTT TCC2167Ala Thr Arg Gln Thr Leu Ala Asn Ala Leu Hi - #s Leu Val Gly Val Ser530 5 - #35 5 - #40 5 -#45#GAA AAT TTC AAT GAA 2214 GCT ACA GTT#Thr Val Glu Asn Phe Asn Glut Ala# 5 1- CTT CCC GCA CAC GTA TGG CCA CGC AAT GCC GT - #G CGC CAA GAA GAC GGC2262Leu Pro Ala His Val Trp Pro Arg Asn Ala Va - #l Arg Gln Glu Asp Gly# 25- GTT GTC ACC GTC GCT GGT GTG CCT CTG CCT GA - #C CTC GCT GAA GAA TAC2310Val Val Thr Val Ala Gly Val Pro Leu Pro As - #p Leu Ala Glu Glu Tyr# 40- GGA ACC CCA CTG TTC GTA GTC GAC GAG GAC GA - #T TTC CGT TCC CGC TGT2358Gly Thr Pro Leu Phe Val Val Asp Glu Asp As - #p Phe Arg Ser Arg Cys# 55- CGC GAC ATG GCT ACC GCA TTC GGT GGA CCA GG - #C AAT GTG CAC TAC GCA2406Arg Asp Met Ala Thr Ala Phe Gly Gly Pro Gl - #y Asn Val His Tyr Ala# 70- TCT AAA GCG TTC CTG ACC AAG ACC ATT GCA CG - #T TGG GTT GAT GAA GAG2454Ser Lys Ala Phe Leu Thr Lys Thr Ile Ala Ar - #g Trp Val Asp Glu Glu# 85- GGG CTG GCA CTG GAC ATT GCA TCC ATC AAC GA - #A CTG GGC ATT GCC CTG2502Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp Ile Ala Ser Ile Asn Gl - #u Leu Gly Ile Ala Leu#105- GCC GCT GGT TTC CCC GCC AGC CGT ATC ACC GC - #G CAC GGC AAC AAC AAA2550Ala Ala Gly Phe Pro Ala Ser Arg Ile Thr Al - #a His Gly Asn Asn Lys# 120- GGC GTA GAG TTC CTG CGC GCG TTG GTT CAA AA - #C GGT GTG GGA CAC GTG2598Gly Val Glu Phe Leu Arg Ala Leu Val Gln As - #n Gly Val Gly His Val# 135- GTG CTG GAC TCC GCA CAG GAA CTA GAA CTG TT - #G GAT TAC GTT GCC GCT2646Val Leu Asp Ser Ala Gln Glu Leu Glu Leu Le - #u Asp Tyr Val Ala Ala# 150- GGT GAA GGC AAG ATT CAG GAC GTG TTG ATC CG - #C GTA AAG CCA GGC ATC2694Gly Glu Gly Lys Ile Gln Asp Val Leu Ile Ar - #g Val Lys Pro Gly Ile# 165- GAA GCA CAC ACC CAC GAG TTC ATC GCC ACT AG - #C CAC GAA GAC CAG AAG2742Glu Ala His Thr His Glu Phe Ile Ala Thr Se - #r His Glu Asp Gln Lys170 1 - #75 1 - #80 1 -#85- TTC GGA TTC TCC CTG GCA TCC GGT TCC GCA TT - #C GAA GCA GCA AAA GCC2790Phe Gly Phe Ser Leu Ala Ser Gly Ser Ala Ph - #e Glu Ala Ala Lys Ala# 200- GCC AAC AAC GCA GAA AAC CTG AAC CTG GTT GG - #C CTG CAC TGC CAC GTT2838Ala Asn Asn Ala Glu Asn Leu Asn Leu Val Gl - #y Leu His Cys His Val# 215- GGT TCC CAG GTG TTC GAC GCC GAA GGC TTC AA - #G CTG GCA GCA GAA CGC2886Gly Ser Gln Val Phe Asp Ala Glu Gly Phe Ly - #s Leu Ala Ala Glu Arg# 230- GTG TTG GGC CTG TAC TCA CAG ATC CAC AGC GA - #A CTG GGC GTT GCC CTT2934Val Leu Gly Leu Tyr Ser Gln Ile His Ser Gl - #u Leu Gly Val Ala Leu# 245- CCT GAA CTG GAT CTC GGT GGC GGA TAC GGC AT - #T GCC TAT ACC GCA GCT2982Pro Glu Leu Asp Leu Gly Gly Gly Tyr Gly Il - #e Ala Tyr Thr Ala Ala250 2 - #55 2 - #60 2 -#65- GAA GAA CCA CTC AAC GTC GCA GAA GTT GCC TC - #C GAC CTG CTC ACC GCA3030Glu Glu Pro Leu Asn Val Ala Glu Val Ala Se - #r Asp Leu Leu Thr Ala# 280- GTC GGA AAA ATG GCA GCG GAA CTA GGC ATC GA - #C GCA CCA ACC GTG CTT3078Val Gly Lys Met Ala Ala Glu Leu Gly Ile As - #p Ala Pro Thr Val Leu# 295- GTT GAG CCC GGC CGC GCT ATC GCA GGC CCC TC - #C ACC GTG ACC ATC TAC3126Val Glu Pro Gly Arg Ala Ile Ala Gly Pro Se - #r Thr Val Thr Ile Tyr# 310- GAA GTC GGC ACC ACC AAA GAC GTC CAC GTA GA - #C GAC GAC AAA ACC CGC3174Glu Val Gly Thr Thr Lys Asp Val His Val As - #p Asp Asp Lys Thr Arg# 325- CGT TAC ATC GCC GTG GAC GGA GGC ATG TCC GA - #C AAC ATC CGC CCA GCA3222Arg Tyr Ile Ala Val Asp Gly Gly Met Ser As - #p Asn Ile Arg Pro Ala330 3 - #35 3 - #40 3 -#45- CTC TAC GGC TCC GAA TAC GAC GCC CGC GTA GT - #A TCC CGC TTC GCC GAA3270Leu Tyr Gly Ser Glu Tyr Asp Ala Arg Val Va - #l Ser Arg Phe Ala Glu# 360- GGA GAC CCA GTA AGC ACC CGC ATC GTG GGC TC - #C CAC TGC GAA TCC GGC3318Gly Asp Pro Val Ser Thr Arg Ile Val Gly Se - #r His Cys Glu Ser Gly# 375- GAT ATC CTG ATC AAC GAT GAA ATC TAC CCA TC - #T GAC ATC ACC AGC GGC3366Asp Ile Leu Ile Asn Asp Glu Ile Tyr Pro Se - #r Asp Ile Thr Ser Gly# 390- GAC TTC CTT GCA CTC GCA GCC ACC GGC GCA TA - #C TGC TAC GCC ATG AGC3414Asp Phe Leu Ala Leu Ala Ala Thr Gly Ala Ty - #r Cys Tyr Ala Met Ser# 405- TCC CGC TAC AAC GCC TTC ACA CGG CCC GCC GT - #C GTG TCC GTC CGC GCT3462Ser Arg Tyr Asn Ala Phe Thr Arg Pro Ala Va - #l Val Ser Val Arg Ala410 4 - #15 4 - #20 4 -#25- GGC AGC TCC CGC CTC ATG CTG CGC CGC GAA AC - #G CTC GAC GAC ATC CTC3510Gly Ser Ser Arg Leu Met Leu Arg Arg Glu Th - #r Leu Asp Asp Ile Leu# 440- TCA CTA GAG GCA TAACGCTTTT CGACGCCTGA CCCCGCCCTT CA - #CCTTCGCC3562Ser Leu Glu Ala 445# 3579 G- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 550 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:- Met Thr Pro Ala Asp Leu Ala Thr Leu Ile Ly - #s Glu Thr Ala Val Glu# 15- Val Leu Thr Ser Arg Glu Leu Asp Thr Ser Va - #l Leu Pro Glu Gln Val# 30- Val Val Glu Arg Pro Arg Asn Pro Glu His Gl - #y Asp Tyr Ala Thr Asn# 45- Ile Ala Leu Gln Val Ala Lys Lys Val Gly Gl - #n Asn Pro Arg Asp Leu# 60- Ala Thr Trp Leu Ala Glu Ala Leu Ala Ala As - #p Asp Ala Ile Asp Ser# 80- Ala Glu Ile Ala Gly Pro Gly Phe Leu Asn Il - #e Arg Leu Ala Ala Ala# 95- Ala Gln Gly Glu Ile Val Ala Lys Ile Leu Al - #a Gln Gly Glu Thr Phe# 110- Gly Asn Ser Asp His Leu Ser His Leu Asp Va - #l Asn Leu Glu Phe Val# 125- Ser Ala Asn Pro Thr Gly Pro Ile His Leu Gl - #y Gly Thr Arg Trp Ala# 140- Ala Val Gly Asp Ser Leu Gly Arg Val Leu Gl - #u Ala Ser Gly Ala Lys145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Val Thr Arg Glu Tyr Tyr Phe Asn Asp His Gl - #y Arg Gln Ile Asp Arg# 175- Phe Ala Leu Ser Leu Leu Ala Ala Ala Lys Gl - #y Glu Pro Thr Pro Glu# 190- Asp Gly Tyr Gly Gly Glu Tyr Ile Lys Glu Il - #e Ala Glu Ala Ile Val# 205- Glu Lys His Pro Glu Ala Leu Ala Leu Glu Pr - #o Ala Ala Thr Gln Glu# 220- Leu Phe Arg Ala Glu Gly Val Glu Met Met Ph - #e Glu His Ile Lys Ser225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Ser Leu His Glu Phe Gly Thr Asp Phe Asp Va - #l Tyr Tyr His Glu Asn# 255- Ser Leu Phe Glu Ser Gly Ala Val Asp Lys Al - #a Val Gln Val Leu Lys# 270- Asp Asn Gly Asn Leu Tyr Glu Asn Glu Gly Al - #a Trp Trp Leu Arg Ser# 285- Thr Glu Phe Gly Asp Asp Lys Asp Arg Val Va - #l Ile Lys Ser Asp Gly# 300- Asp Ala Ala Tyr Ile Ala Gly Asp Ile Ala Ty - #r Val Ala Asp Lys Phe305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -#20- Ser Arg Gly His Asn Leu Asn Ile Tyr Met Le - #u Gly Ala Asp His His# 335- Gly Tyr Ile Ala Arg Leu Lys Ala Ala Ala Al - #a Ala Leu Gly Tyr Lys# 350- Pro Glu Gly Val Glu Val Leu Ile Gly Gln Me - #t Val Asn Leu Leu Arg# 365- Asp Gly Lys Ala Val Arg Met Ser Lys Arg Al - #a Gly Thr Val Val Thr# 380- Leu Asp Asp Leu Val Glu Ala Ile Gly Ile As - #p Ala Ala Arg Tyr Ser385 3 - #90 3 - #95 4 -#00- Leu Ile Arg Ser Ser Val Asp Ser Ser Leu As - #p Ile Asp Leu Gly Leu# 415- Trp Glu Ser Gln Ser Ser Asp Asn Pro Val Ty - #r Tyr Val Gln Tyr Gly# 430- His Ala Arg Leu Cys Ser Ile Ala Arg Lys Al - #a Glu Thr Leu Gly Val# 445- Thr Glu Glu Gly Ala Asp Leu Ser Leu Leu Th - #r His Asp Arg Glu Gly# 460- Asp Leu Ile Arg Thr Leu Gly Glu Phe Pro Al - #a Val Val Lys Ala Ala465 4 - #70 4 - #75 4 -#80- Ala Asp Leu Arg Glu Pro His Arg Ile Ala Ar - #g Tyr Ala Glu Glu Leu# 495- Ala Gly Thr Phe His Arg Phe Tyr Asp Ser Cy - #s His Ile Leu Pro Lys# 510- Val Asp Glu Asp Thr Ala Pro Ile His Thr Al - #a Arg Leu Ala Leu Ala# 525- Ala Ala Thr Arg Gln Thr Leu Ala Asn Ala Le - #u His Leu Val Gly Val# 540- Ser Ala Pro Glu Lys Met545 5 - #50- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 445 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:- Met Ala Thr Val Glu Asn Phe Asn Glu Leu Pr - #o Ala His Val Trp Pro# 15- Arg Asn Ala Val Arg Gln Glu Asp Gly Val Va - #l Thr Val Ala Gly Val# 30- Pro Leu Pro Asp Leu Ala Glu Glu Tyr Gly Th - #r Pro Leu Phe Val Val# 45- Asp Glu Asp Asp Phe Arg Ser Arg Cys Arg As - #p Met Ala Thr Ala Phe# 60- Gly Gly Pro Gly Asn Val His Tyr Ala Ser Ly - #s Ala Phe Leu Thr Lys# 80- Thr Ile Ala Arg Trp Val Asp Glu Glu Gly Le - #u Ala Leu Asp Ile Ala# 95- Ser Ile Asn Glu Leu Gly Ile Ala Leu Ala Al - #a Gly Phe Pro Ala Ser# 110- Arg Ile Thr Ala His Gly Asn Asn Lys Gly Va - #l Glu Phe Leu Arg Ala# 125- Leu Val Gln Asn Gly Val Gly His Val Val Le - #u Asp Ser Ala Gln Glu# 140- Leu Glu Leu Leu Asp Tyr Val Ala Ala Gly Gl - #u Gly Lys Ile Gln Asp145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Val Leu Ile Arg Val Lys Pro Gly Ile Glu Al - #a His Thr His Glu Phe# 175- Ile Ala Thr Ser His Glu Asp Gln Lys Phe Gl - #y Phe Ser Leu Ala Ser# 190- Gly Ser Ala Phe Glu Ala Ala Lys Ala Ala As - #n Asn Ala Glu Asn Leu# 205- Asn Leu Val Gly Leu His Cys His Val Gly Se - #r Gln Val Phe Asp Ala# 220- Glu Gly Phe Lys Leu Ala Ala Glu Arg Val Le - #u Gly Leu Tyr Ser Gln225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Ile His Ser Glu Leu Gly Val Ala Leu Pro Gl - #u Leu Asp Leu Gly Gly# 255- Gly Tyr Gly Ile Ala Tyr Thr Ala Ala Glu Gl - #u Pro Leu Asn Val Ala# 270- Glu Val Ala Ser Asp Leu Leu Thr Ala Val Gl - #y Lys Met Ala Ala Glu# 285- Leu Gly Ile Asp Ala Pro Thr Val Leu Val Gl - #u Pro Gly Arg Ala Ile# 300- Ala Gly Pro Ser Thr Val Thr Ile Tyr Glu Va - #l Gly Thr Thr Lys Asp305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -#20- Val His Val Asp Asp Asp Lys Thr Arg Arg Ty - #r Ile Ala Val Asp Gly# 335- Gly Met Ser Asp Asn Ile Arg Pro Ala Leu Ty - #r Gly Ser Glu Tyr Asp# 350- Ala Arg Val Val Ser Arg Phe Ala Glu Gly As - #p Pro Val Ser Thr Arg# 365- Ile Val Gly Ser His Cys Glu Ser Gly Asp Il - #e Leu Ile Asn Asp Glu# 380- Ile Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Thr Ser Gly Asp Ph - #e Leu Ala Leu Ala Ala385 3 - #90 3 - #95 4 -#00- Thr Gly Ala Tyr Cys Tyr Ala Met Ser Ser Ar - #g Tyr Asn Ala Phe Thr# 415- Arg Pro Ala Val Val Ser Val Arg Ala Gly Se - #r Ser Arg Leu Met Leu# 430- Arg Arg Glu Thr Leu Asp Asp Ile Leu Ser Le - #u Glu Ala# 445- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 20 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid (A) DESCRIPTION: /desc=- #"Synthetic DNA"- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:# 20 TCGG- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 20 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid (A) DESCRIPTION: /desc=- #"Synthetic DNA"- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:# 20 TTAG- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 1034 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Brevibacteri - #um lactofermentum (B) STRAIN: ATCC 13869- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 61..1020- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:- ATGCATCTCG GTAAGCTCGA CCAGGACAGT GCCACCACAA TTTTGGAGGA TT - #ACAAGAAC 60- ATG ACC AAC ATC CGC GTA GCT ATC GTG GGC TA - #C GGA AAC CTG GGA CGC 108Met Thr Asn Ile Arg Val Ala Ile Val Gly Ty - #r Gly Asn Leu Gly Arg# 15- AGC GTC GAA AAG CTT ATT GCC AAG CAG CCC GA - #C ATG GAC CTT GTA GGA 156Ser Val Glu Lys Leu Ile Ala Lys Gln Pro As - #p Met Asp Leu Val Gly# 30- ATC TTC TCG CGC CGG GCC ACC CTC GAC ACA AA - #G ACG CCA GTC TTT GAT 204Ile Phe Ser Arg Arg Ala Thr Leu Asp Thr Ly - #s Thr Pro Val Phe Asp# 45- GTC GCC GAC GTG GAC AAG CAC GCC GAC GAC GT - #G GAC GTG CTG TTC CTG 252Val Ala Asp Val Asp Lys His Ala Asp Asp Va - #l Asp Val Leu Phe Leu# 60- TGC ATG GGC TCC GCC ACC GAC ATC CCT GAG CA - #G GCA CCA AAG TTC GCG 300Cys Met Gly Ser Ala Thr Asp Ile Pro Glu Gl - #n Ala Pro Lys Phe Ala# 80- CAG TTC GCC TGC ACC GTA GAC ACC TAC GAC AA - #C CAC CGC GAC ATC CCA 348Gln Phe Ala Cys Thr Val Asp Thr Tyr Asp As - #n His Arg Asp Ile Pro# 95- CGC CAC CGC CAG GTC ATG AAC GAA GCC GCC AC - #C GCA GCC GGC AAC GTT 396Arg His Arg Gln Val Met Asn Glu Ala Ala Th - #r Ala Ala Gly Asn Val# 110- GCA CTG GTC TCT ACC GGC TGG GAT CCA GGA AT - #G TTC TCC ATC AAC CGC 444Ala Leu Val Ser Thr Gly Trp Asp Pro Gly Me - #t Phe Ser Ile Asn Arg# 125- GTC TAC GCA GCG GCA GTC TTA GCC GAG CAC CA - #G CAG CAC ACC TTC TGG 492Val Tyr Ala Ala Ala Val Leu Ala Glu His Gl - #n Gln His Thr Phe Trp# 140- GGC CCA GGT TTG TCA CAG GGC CAC TCC GAT GC - #T TTG CGA CGC ATC CCT 540Gly Pro Gly Leu Ser Gln Gly His Ser Asp Al - #a Leu Arg Arg Ile Pro145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- GGC GTT CAA AAG GCA GTC CAG TAC ACC CTC CC - #A TCC GAA GAC GCC CTG 588Gly Val Gln Lys Ala Val Gln Tyr Thr Leu Pr - #o Ser Glu Asp Ala Leu# 175- GAA AAG GCC CGC CGC GGC GAA GCC GGC GAC CT - #T ACC GGA AAG CAA ACC 636Glu Lys Ala Arg Arg Gly Glu Ala Gly Asp Le - #u Thr Gly Lys Gln Thr# 190- CAC AAG CGC CAA TGC TTC GTG GTT GCC GAC GC - #G GCC GAT CAC GAG CGC 684His Lys Arg Gln Cys Phe Val Val Ala Asp Al - #a Ala Asp His Glu Arg# 205- ATC GAA AAC GAC ATC CGC ACC ATG CCT GAT TA - #C TTC GTT GGC TAC GAA 732Ile Glu Asn Asp Ile Arg Thr Met Pro Asp Ty - #r Phe Val Gly Tyr Glu# 220- GTC GAA GTC AAC TTC ATC GAC GAA GCA ACC TT - #C GAC TCC GAG CAC ACC 780Val Glu Val Asn Phe Ile Asp Glu Ala Thr Ph - #e Asp Ser Glu His Thr225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- GGC ATG CCA CAC GGT GGC CAC GTG ATT ACC AC - #C GGC GAC ACC GGT GGC 828Gly Met Pro His Gly Gly His Val Ile Thr Th - #r Gly Asp Thr Gly Gly# 255- TTC AAC CAC ACC GTG GAA TAC ATC CTC AAG CT - #G GAC CGA AAC CCA GAT 876Phe Asn His Thr Val Glu Tyr Ile Leu Lys Le - #u Asp Arg Asn Pro Asp# 270- TTC ACC GCT TCC TCA CAG ATC GCT TTC GGT CG - #C GCA GCT CAC CGC ATG 924Phe Thr Ala Ser Ser Gln Ile Ala Phe Gly Ar - #g Ala Ala His Arg Met# 285- AAG CAG CAG GGC CAA AGC GGA GCT TTC ACC GT - #C CTC GAA GTT GCT CCA 972Lys Gln Gln Gly Gln Ser Gly Ala Phe Thr Va - #l Leu Glu Val Ala Pro# 300- TAC CTG CTC TCC CCA GAG AAC TTG GAC GAT CT - #G ATC GCA CGC GAC GTC1020Tyr Leu Leu Ser Pro Glu Asn Leu Asp Asp Le - #u Ile Ala Arg Asp Val305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -#20# 1034- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 320 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:- Met Thr Asn Ile Arg Val Ala Ile Val Gly Ty - #r Gly Asn Leu Gly Arg# 15- Ser Val Glu Lys Leu Ile Ala Lys Gln Pro As - #p Met Asp Leu Val Gly# 30- Ile Phe Ser Arg Arg Ala Thr Leu Asp Thr Ly - #s Thr Pro Val Phe Asp# 45- Val Ala Asp Val Asp Lys His Ala Asp Asp Va - #l Asp Val Leu Phe Leu# 60- Cys Met Gly Ser Ala Thr Asp Ile Pro Glu Gl - #n Ala Pro Lys Phe Ala# 80- Gln Phe Ala Cys Thr Val Asp Thr Tyr Asp As - #n His Arg Asp Ile Pro# 95- Arg His Arg Gln Val Met Asn Glu Ala Ala Th - #r Ala Ala Gly Asn Val# 110- Ala Leu Val Ser Thr Gly Trp Asp Pro Gly Me - #t Phe Ser Ile Asn Arg# 125- Val Tyr Ala Ala Ala Val Leu Ala Glu His Gl - #n Gln His Thr Phe Trp# 140- Gly Pro Gly Leu Ser Gln Gly His Ser Asp Al - #a Leu Arg Arg Ile Pro145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Gly Val Gln Lys Ala Val Gln Tyr Thr Leu Pr - #o Ser Glu Asp Ala Leu# 175- Glu Lys Ala Arg Arg Gly Glu Ala Gly Asp Le - #u Thr Gly Lys Gln Thr# 190- His Lys Arg Gln Cys Phe Val Val Ala Asp Al - #a Ala Asp His Glu Arg# 205- Ile Glu Asn Asp Ile Arg Thr Met Pro Asp Ty - #r Phe Val Gly Tyr Glu# 220- Val Glu Val Asn Phe Ile Asp Glu Ala Thr Ph - #e Asp Ser Glu His Thr225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Gly Met Pro His Gly Gly His Val Ile Thr Th - #r Gly Asp Thr Gly Gly# 255- Phe Asn His Thr Val Glu Tyr Ile Leu Lys Le - #u Asp Arg Asn Pro Asp# 270- Phe Thr Ala Ser Ser Gln Ile Ala Phe Gly Ar - #g Ala Ala His Arg Met# 285- Lys Gln Gln Gly Gln Ser Gly Ala Phe Thr Va - #l Leu Glu Val Ala Pro# 300- Tyr Leu Leu Ser Pro Glu Asn Leu Asp Asp Le - #u Ile Ala Arg Asp Val305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -#20- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 23 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid (A) DESCRIPTION: /desc=- #"Synthetic DNA"- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:# 23GTCA CTT- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 21 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid (A) DESCRIPTION: /desc=- #"Synthetic DNA"- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11:#21 CGGC C- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 1643 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Brevibacteri - #um lactofermentum (B) STRAIN: ATCC 13869- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:- TCGCGAAGTA GCACCTGTCA CTTTTGTCTC AAATATTAAA TCGAATATCA AT - #ATACGGTC 60- TGTTTATTGG AACGCATCCC AGTGGCTGAG ACGCATCCGC TAAAGCCCCA GG - #AACCCTGT 120- GCAGAAAGAA AACACTCCTC TGGCTAGGTA GACACAGTTT ATAAAGGTAG AG - #TTGAGCGG 180- GTAACTGTCA GCACGTAGAT CGAAAGGTGC ACAAAGGTGG CCCTGGTCGT AC - #AGAAATAT 240- GGCGGTTCCT CGCTTGAGAG TGCGGAACGC ATTAGAAACG TCGCTGAACG GA - #TCGTTGCC 300- ACCAAGAAGG CTGGAAATGA TGTCGTGGTT GTCTGCTCCG CAATGGGAGA CA - #CCACGGAT 360- GAACTTCTAG AACTTGCAGC GGCAGTGAAT CCCGTTCCGC CAGCTCGTGA AA - #TGGATATG 420- CTCCTGACTG CTGGTGAGCG TATTTCTAAC GCTCTCGTCG CCATGGCTAT TG - #AGTCCCTT 480- GGCGCAGAAG CTCAATCTTT CACTGGCTCT CAGGCTGGTG TGCTCACCAC CG - #AGCGCCAC 540- GGAAACGCAC GCATTGTTGA CGTCACACCG GGTCGTGTGC GTGAAGCACT CG - #ATGAGGGC 600- AAGATCTGCA TTGTTGCTGG TTTTCAGGGT GTTAATAAAG AAACCCGCGA TG - #TCACCACG 660- TTGGGTCGTG GTGGTTCTGA CACCACTGCA GTTGCGTTGG CAGCTGCTTT GA - #ACGCTGAT 720- GTGTGTGAGA TTTACTCGGA CGTTGACGGT GTGTATACCG CTGACCCGCG CA - #TCGTTCCT 780- AATGCACAGA AGCTGGAAAA GCTCAGCTTC GAAGAAATGC TGGAACTTGC TG - #CTGTTGGC 840- TCCAAGATTT TGGTGCTGCG CAGTGTTGAA TACGCTCGTG CATTCAATGT GC - #CACTTCGC 900- GTACGCTCGT CTTATAGTAA TGATCCCGGC ACTTTGATTG CCGGCTCTAT GG - #AGGATATT 960- CCTGTGGAAG AAGCAGTCCT TACCGGTGTC GCAACCGACA AGTCCGAAGC CA - #AAGTAACC1020- GTTCTGGGTA TTTCCGATAA GCCAGGCGAG GCTGCCAAGG TTTTCCGTGC GT - #TGGCTGAT1080- GCAGAAATCA ACATTGACAT GGTTCTGCAG AACGTCTCCT CTGTGGAAGA CG - #GCACCACC1140- GACATCACGT TCACCTGCCC TCGCGCTGAC GGACGCCGTG CGATGGAGAT CT - #TGAAGAAG1200- CTTCAGGTTC AGGGCAACTG GACCAATGTG CTTTACGACG ACCAGGTCGG CA - #AAGTCTCC1260- CTCGTGGGTG CTGGCATGAA GTCTCACCCA GGTGTTACCG CAGAGTTCAT GG - #AAGCTCTG1320- CGCGATGTCA ACGTGAACAT CGAATTGATT TCCACCTCTG AGATCCGCAT TT - #CCGTGCTG1380- ATCCGTGAAG ATGATCTGGA TGCTGCTGCA CGTGCATTGC ATGAGCAGTT CC - #AGCTGGGC1440- GGCGAAGACG AAGCCGTCGT TTATGCAGGC ACCGGACGCT AAAGTTTTAA AG - #GAGTAGTT1500- TTACAATGAC CACCATCGCA GTTGTTGGTG CAACCGGCCA GGTCGGCCAG GT - #TATGCGCA1560- CCCTTTTGGA AGAGCGCAAT TTCCCAGCTG ACACTGTTCG TTTCTTTGCT TC - #CCCGCGTT1620# 1643TGAA TTC- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 1643 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Brevibacteri - #um lactofermentum (B) STRAIN: ATCC 13869- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 217..1482- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13:- TCGCGAAGTA GCACCTGTCA CTTTTGTCTC AAATATTAAA TCGAATATCA AT - #ATACGGTC 60- TGTTTATTGG AACGCATCCC AGTGGCTGAG ACGCATCCGC TAAAGCCCCA GG - #AACCCTGT 120- GCAGAAAGAA AACACTCCTC TGGCTAGGTA GACACAGTTT ATAAAGGTAG AG - #TTGAGCGG 180#GTC GTA CAG 234AT CGAAAGGTGC ACAAAG GTG GCC CTG# Met Ala Leu Val Val Gln# 5 1- AAA TAT GGC GGT TCC TCG CTT GAG AGT GCG GA - #A CGC ATT AGA AAC GTC 282Lys Tyr Gly Gly Ser Ser Leu Glu Ser Ala Gl - #u Arg Ile Arg Asn Val# 20- GCT GAA CGG ATC GTT GCC ACC AAG AAG GCT GG - #A AAT GAT GTC GTG GTT 330Ala Glu Arg Ile Val Ala Thr Lys Lys Ala Gl - #y Asn Asp Val Val Val# 35- GTC TGC TCC GCA ATG GGA GAC ACC ACG GAT GA - #A CTT CTA GAA CTT GCA 378Val Cys Ser Ala Met Gly Asp Thr Thr Asp Gl - #u Leu Leu Glu Leu Ala# 50- GCG GCA GTG AAT CCC GTT CCG CCA GCT CGT GA - #A ATG GAT ATG CTC CTG 426Ala Ala Val Asn Pro Val Pro Pro Ala Arg Gl - #u Met Asp Met Leu Leu# 70- ACT GCT GGT GAG CGT ATT TCT AAC GCT CTC GT - #C GCC ATG GCT ATT GAG 474Thr Ala Gly Glu Arg Ile Ser Asn Ala Leu Va - #l Ala Met Ala Ile Glu# 85- TCC CTT GGC GCA GAA GCT CAA TCT TTC ACT GG - #C TCT CAG GCT GGT GTG 522Ser Leu Gly Ala Glu Ala Gln Ser Phe Thr Gl - #y Ser Gln Ala Gly Val# 100- CTC ACC ACC GAG CGC CAC GGA AAC GCA CGC AT - #T GTT GAC GTC ACA CCG 570Leu Thr Thr Glu Arg His Gly Asn Ala Arg Il - #e Val Asp Val Thr Pro# 115- GGT CGT GTG CGT GAA GCA CTC GAT GAG GGC AA - #G ATC TGC ATT GTT GCT 618Gly Arg Val Arg Glu Ala Leu Asp Glu Gly Ly - #s Ile Cys Ile Val Ala# 130- GGT TTT CAG GGT GTT AAT AAA GAA ACC CGC GA - #T GTC ACC ACG TTG GGT 666Gly Phe Gln Gly Val Asn Lys Glu Thr Arg As - #p Val Thr Thr Leu Gly135 1 - #40 1 - #45 1 -#50- CGT GGT GGT TCT GAC ACC ACT GCA GTT GCG TT - #G GCA GCT GCT TTG AAC 714Arg Gly Gly Ser Asp Thr Thr Ala Val Ala Le - #u Ala Ala Ala Leu Asn# 165- GCT GAT GTG TGT GAG ATT TAC TCG GAC GTT GA - #C GGT GTG TAT ACC GCT 762Ala Asp Val Cys Glu Ile Tyr Ser Asp Val As - #p Gly Val Tyr Thr Ala# 180- GAC CCG CGC ATC GTT CCT AAT GCA CAG AAG CT - #G GAA AAG CTC AGC TTC 810Asp Pro Arg Ile Val Pro Asn Ala Gln Lys Le - #u Glu Lys Leu Ser Phe# 195- GAA GAA ATG CTG GAA CTT GCT GCT GTT GGC TC - #C AAG ATT TTG GTG CTG 858Glu Glu Met Leu Glu Leu Ala Ala Val Gly Se - #r Lys Ile Leu Val Leu# 210- CGC AGT GTT GAA TAC GCT CGT GCA TTC AAT GT - #G CCA CTT CGC GTA CGC 906Arg Ser Val Glu Tyr Ala Arg Ala Phe Asn Va - #l Pro Leu Arg Val Arg215 2 - #20 2 - #25 2 -#30- TCG TCT TAT AGT AAT GAT CCC GGC ACT TTG AT - #T GCC GGC TCT ATG GAG 954Ser Ser Tyr Ser Asn Asp Pro Gly Thr Leu Il - #e Ala Gly Ser Met Glu# 245- GAT ATT CCT GTG GAA GAA GCA GTC CTT ACC GG - #T GTC GCA ACC GAC AAG1002Asp Ile Pro Val Glu Glu Ala Val Leu Thr Gl - #y Val Ala Thr Asp Lys# 260- TCC GAA GCC AAA GTA ACC GTT CTG GGT ATT TC - #C GAT AAG CCA GGC GAG1050Ser Glu Ala Lys Val Thr Val Leu Gly Ile Se - #r Asp Lys Pro Gly Glu# 275- GCT GCC AAG GTT TTC CGT GCG TTG GCT GAT GC - #A GAA ATC AAC ATT GAC1098Ala Ala Lys Val Phe Arg Ala Leu Ala Asp Al - #a Glu Ile Asn Ile Asp# 290- ATG GTT CTG CAG AAC GTC TCC TCT GTG GAA GA - #C GGC ACC ACC GAC ATC1146Met Val Leu Gln Asn Val Ser Ser Val Glu As - #p Gly Thr Thr Asp Ile295 3 - #00 3 - #05 3 -#10- ACG TTC ACC TGC CCT CGC GCT GAC GGA CGC CG - #T GCG ATG GAG ATC TTG1194Thr Phe Thr Cys Pro Arg Ala Asp Gly Arg Ar - #g Ala Met Glu Ile Leu# 325- AAG AAG CTT CAG GTT CAG GGC AAC TGG ACC AA - #T GTG CTT TAC GAC GAC1242Lys Lys Leu Gln Val Gln Gly Asn Trp Thr As - #n Val Leu Tyr Asp Asp# 340- CAG GTC GGC AAA GTC TCC CTC GTG GGT GCT GG - #C ATG AAG TCT CAC CCA1290Gln Val Gly Lys Val Ser Leu Val Gly Ala Gl - #y Met Lys Ser His Pro# 355- GGT GTT ACC GCA GAG TTC ATG GAA GCT CTG CG - #C GAT GTC AAC GTG AAC1338Gly Val Thr Ala Glu Phe Met Glu Ala Leu Ar - #g Asp Val Asn Val Asn# 370- ATC GAA TTG ATT TCC ACC TCT GAG ATC CGC AT - #T TCC GTG CTG ATC CGT1386Ile Glu Leu Ile Ser Thr Ser Glu Ile Arg Il - #e Ser Val Leu Ile Arg375 3 - #80 3 - #85 3 -#90- GAA GAT GAT CTG GAT GCT GCT GCA CGT GCA TT - #G CAT GAG CAG TTC CAG1434Glu Asp Asp Leu Asp Ala Ala Ala Arg Ala Le - #u His Glu Gln Phe Gln# 405- CTG GGC GGC GAA GAC GAA GCC GTC GTT TAT GC - #A GGC ACC GGA CGC TAA1482Leu Gly Gly Glu Asp Glu Ala Val Val Tyr Al - #a Gly Thr Gly Arg# 420- AGTTTTAAAG GAGTAGTTTT ACAATGACCA CCATCGCAGT TGTTGGTGCA AC - #CGGCCAGG1542- TCGGCCAGGT TATGCGCACC CTTTTGGAAG AGCGCAATTT CCCAGCTGAC AC - #TGTTCGTT1602# 1643 TTCC GCAGGCCGTA AGATTGAATT C- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 421 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14:- Met Ala Leu Val Val Gln Lys Tyr Gly Gly Se - #r Ser Leu Glu Ser Ala# 15- Glu Arg Ile Arg Asn Val Ala Glu Arg Ile Va - #l Ala Thr Lys Lys Ala# 30- Gly Asn Asp Val Val Val Val Cys Ser Ala Me - #t Gly Asp Thr Thr Asp# 45- Glu Leu Leu Glu Leu Ala Ala Ala Val Asn Pr - #o Val Pro Pro Ala Arg# 60- Glu Met Asp Met Leu Leu Thr Ala Gly Glu Ar - #g Ile Ser Asn Ala Leu# 80- Val Ala Met Ala Ile Glu Ser Leu Gly Ala Gl - #u Ala Gln Ser Phe Thr# 95- Gly Ser Gln Ala Gly Val Leu Thr Thr Glu Ar - #g His Gly Asn Ala Arg# 110- Ile Val Asp Val Thr Pro Gly Arg Val Arg Gl - #u Ala Leu Asp Glu Gly# 125- Lys Ile Cys Ile Val Ala Gly Phe Gln Gly Va - #l Asn Lys Glu Thr Arg# 140- Asp Val Thr Thr Leu Gly Arg Gly Gly Ser As - #p Thr Thr Ala Val Ala145 1 - #50 1 - #55 160- Leu Ala Ala Ala Leu Asn Ala Asp Val Cys Gl - #u Ile Tyr Ser Asp Val# 175- Asp Gly Val Tyr Thr Ala Asp Pro Arg Ile Va - #l Pro Asn Ala Gln Lys# 190- Leu Glu Lys Leu Ser Phe Glu Glu Met Leu Gl - #u Leu Ala Ala Val Gly# 205- Ser Lys Ile Leu Val Leu Arg Ser Val Glu Ty - #r Ala Arg Ala Phe Asn# 220- Val Pro Leu Arg Val Arg Ser Ser Tyr Ser As - #n Asp Pro Gly Thr Leu225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Ile Ala Gly Ser Met Glu Asp Ile Pro Val Gl - #u Glu Ala Val Leu Thr# 255- Gly Val Ala Thr Asp Lys Ser Glu Ala Lys Va - #l Thr Val Leu Gly Ile# 270- Ser Asp Lys Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala Lys Val Ph - #e Arg Ala Leu Ala Asp# 285- Ala Glu Ile Asn Ile Asp Met Val Leu Gln As - #n Val Ser Ser Val Glu# 300- Asp Gly Thr Thr Asp Ile Thr Phe Thr Cys Pr - #o Arg Ala Asp Gly Arg305 3 - #10 3 - #15 3 -#20- Arg Ala Met Glu Ile Leu Lys Lys Leu Gln Va - #l Gln Gly Asn Trp Thr# 335- Asn Val Leu Tyr Asp Asp Gln Val Gly Lys Va - #l Ser Leu Val Gly Ala# 350- Gly Met Lys Ser His Pro Gly Val Thr Ala Gl - #u Phe Met Glu Ala Leu# 365- Arg Asp Val Asn Val Asn Ile Glu Leu Ile Se - #r Thr Ser Glu Ile Arg# 380- Ile Ser Val Leu Ile Arg Glu Asp Asp Leu As - #p Ala Ala Ala Arg Ala385 3 - #90 3 - #95 4 -#00- Leu His Glu Gln Phe Gln Leu Gly Gly Glu As - #p Glu Ala Val Val Tyr# 415- Ala Gly Thr Gly Arg 420- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 1643 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Brevibacteri - #um lactofermentum (B) STRAIN: ATCC 13869- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 964..1482- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15:- TCGCGAAGTA GCACCTGTCA CTTTTGTCTC AAATATTAAA TCGAATATCA AT - #ATACGGTC 60- TGTTTATTGG AACGCATCCC AGTGGCTGAG ACGCATCCGC TAAAGCCCCA GG - #AACCCTGT 120- GCAGAAAGAA AACACTCCTC TGGCTAGGTA GACACAGTTT ATAAAGGTAG AG - #TTGAGCGG 180- GTAACTGTCA GCACGTAGAT CGAAAGGTGC ACAAAGGTGG CCCTGGTCGT AC - #AGAAATAT 240- GGCGGTTCCT CGCTTGAGAG TGCGGAACGC ATTAGAAACG TCGCTGAACG GA - #TCGTTGCC 300- ACCAAGAAGG CTGGAAATGA TGTCGTGGTT GTCTGCTCCG CAATGGGAGA CA - #CCACGGAT 360- GAACTTCTAG AACTTGCAGC GGCAGTGAAT CCCGTTCCGC CAGCTCGTGA AA - #TGGATATG 420- CTCCTGACTG CTGGTGAGCG TATTTCTAAC GCTCTCGTCG CCATGGCTAT TG - #AGTCCCTT 480- GGCGCAGAAG CTCAATCTTT CACTGGCTCT CAGGCTGGTG TGCTCACCAC CG - #AGCGCCAC 540- GGAAACGCAC GCATTGTTGA CGTCACACCG GGTCGTGTGC GTGAAGCACT CG - #ATGAGGGC 600- AAGATCTGCA TTGTTGCTGG TTTTCAGGGT GTTAATAAAG AAACCCGCGA TG - #TCACCACG 660- TTGGGTCGTG GTGGTTCTGA CACCACTGCA GTTGCGTTGG CAGCTGCTTT GA - #ACGCTGAT 720- GTGTGTGAGA TTTACTCGGA CGTTGACGGT GTGTATACCG CTGACCCGCG CA - #TCGTTCCT 780- AATGCACAGA AGCTGGAAAA GCTCAGCTTC GAAGAAATGC TGGAACTTGC TG - #CTGTTGGC 840- TCCAAGATTT TGGTGCTGCG CAGTGTTGAA TACGCTCGTG CATTCAATGT GC - #CACTTCGC 900- GTACGCTCGT CTTATAGTAA TGATCCCGGC ACTTTGATTG CCGGCTCTAT GG - #AGGATATT 960#GCA ACC GAC AAG TCC GAA 1008CC GGT GTC Met Glu Glu Ala Val Leu Thr Gly - # Val Ala Thr Asp Lys Ser Glu# 15- GCC AAA GTA ACC GTT CTG GGT ATT TCC GAT AA - #G CCA GGC GAG GCT GCC1056Ala Lys Val Thr Val Leu Gly Ile Ser Asp Ly - #s Pro Gly Glu Ala Ala# 30- AAG GTT TTC CGT GCG TTG GCT GAT GCA GAA AT - #C AAC ATT GAC ATG GTT1104Lys Val Phe Arg Ala Leu Ala Asp Ala Glu Il - #e Asn Ile Asp Met Val# 45- CTG CAG AAC GTC TCC TCT GTG GAA GAC GGC AC - #C ACC GAC ATC ACG TTC1152Leu Gln Asn Val Ser Ser Val Glu Asp Gly Th - #r Thr Asp Ile Thr Phe# 60- ACC TGC CCT CGC GCT GAC GGA CGC CGT GCG AT - #G GAG ATC TTG AAG AAG1200Thr Cys Pro Arg Ala Asp Gly Arg Arg Ala Me - #t Glu Ile Leu Lys Lys# 75- CTT CAG GTT CAG GGC AAC TGG ACC AAT GTG CT - #T TAC GAC GAC CAG GTC1248Leu Gln Val Gln Gly Asn Trp Thr Asn Val Le - #u Tyr Asp Asp Gln Val# 95- GGC AAA GTC TCC CTC GTG GGT GCT GGC ATG AA - #G TCT CAC CCA GGT GTT1296Gly Lys Val Ser Leu Val Gly Ala Gly Met Ly - #s Ser His Pro Gly Val# 110- ACC GCA GAG TTC ATG GAA GCT CTG CGC GAT GT - #C AAC GTG AAC ATC GAA1344Thr Ala Glu Phe Met Glu Ala Leu Arg Asp Va - #l Asn Val Asn Ile Glu# 125- TTG ATT TCC ACC TCT GAG ATC CGC ATT TCC GT - #G CTG ATC CGT GAA GAT1392Leu Ile Ser Thr Ser Glu Ile Arg Ile Ser Va - #l Leu Ile Arg Glu Asp# 140- GAT CTG GAT GCT GCT GCA CGT GCA TTG CAT GA - #G CAG TTC CAG CTG GGC1440Asp Leu Asp Ala Ala Ala Arg Ala Leu His Gl - #u Gln Phe Gln Leu Gly# 155- GGC GAA GAC GAA GCC GTC GTT TAT GCA GGC AC - #C GGA CGC TAAAGTTTTAA1490Gly Glu Asp Glu Ala Val Val Tyr Ala Gly Th - #r Gly Arg160 1 - #65 1 - #70- AGGAGTAGTT TTACAATGAC CACCATCGCA GTTGTTGGTG CAACCGGCCA GG - #TCGGCCAG1550- GTTATGCGCA CCCTTTTGGA AGAGCGCAAT TTCCCAGCTG ACACTGTTCG TT - #TCTTTGCT1610# 1643 GCCG TAAGATTGAA TTC- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 172 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16:- Met Glu Glu Ala Val Leu Thr Gly Val Ala Th - #r Asp Lys Ser Glu Ala# 15- Lys Val Thr Val Leu Gly Ile Ser Asp Lys Pr - #o Gly Glu Ala Ala Lys# 30- Val Phe Arg Ala Leu Ala Asp Ala Glu Ile As - #n Ile Asp Met Val Leu# 45- Gln Asn Val Ser Ser Val Glu Asp Gly Thr Th - #r Asp Ile Thr Phe Thr# 60- Cys Pro Arg Ala Asp Gly Arg Arg Ala Met Gl - #u Ile Leu Lys Lys Leu# 80- Gln Val Gln Gly Asn Trp Thr Asn Val Leu Ty - #r Asp Asp Gln Val Gly# 95- Lys Val Ser Leu Val Gly Ala Gly Met Lys Se - #r His Pro Gly Val Thr# 110- Ala Glu Phe Met Glu Ala Leu Arg Asp Val As - #n Val Asn Ile Glu Leu# 125- Ile Ser Thr Ser Glu Ile Arg Ile Ser Val Le - #u Ile Arg Glu Asp Asp# 140- Leu Asp Ala Ala Ala Arg Ala Leu His Glu Gl - #n Phe Gln Leu Gly Gly145 1 - #50 1 - #55 160- Glu Asp Glu Ala Val Val Tyr Ala Gly Thr Gl - #y Arg# 170- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 23 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid (A) DESCRIPTION: /desc=- #"Synthetic DNA"- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17:# 23TGGC AAC- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 23 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid (A) DESCRIPTION: /desc=- #"Synthetic DNA"- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18:# 23TGCG CAG- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 1411 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Brevibacteri - #um lactofermentum (B) STRAIN: ATCC 13869- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 311..1213- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19:- CTCTCGATAT CGAGAGAGAA GCAGCGCCAC GGTTTTTCGG TGATTTTGAG AT - #TGAAACTT 60- TGGCAGACGG ATCGCAAATG GCAACAAGCC CGTATGTCAT GGACTTTTAA CG - #CAAAGCTC 120- ACACCCACGA GCTAAAAATT CATATAGTTA AGACAACATT TTTGGCTGTA AA - #AGACAGCC 180- GTAAAAACCT CTTGCTCATG TCAATTGTTC TTATCGGAAT GTGGCTTGGG CG - #ATTGTTAT 240- GCAAAAGTTG TTAGGTTTTT TGCGGGGTTG TTTAACCCCC AAATGAGGGA AG - #AAGGTAAC 300- CTTGAACTCT ATG AGC ACA GGT TTA ACA GCT AAG AC - #C GGA GTA GAG CAC 349#Leu Thr Ala Lys Thr Gly Val Glu His# 10- TTC GGC ACC GTT GGA GTA GCA ATG GTT ACT CC - #A TTC ACG GAA TCC GGA 397Phe Gly Thr Val Gly Val Ala Met Val Thr Pr - #o Phe Thr Glu Ser Gly# 25- GAC ATC GAT ATC GCT GCT GGC CGC GAA GTC GC - #G GCT TAT TTG GTT GAT 445Asp Ile Asp Ile Ala Ala Gly Arg Glu Val Al - #a Ala Tyr Leu Val Asp# 45- AAG GGC TTG GAT TCT TTG GTT CTC GCG GGC AC - #C ACT GGT GAA TCC CCA 493Lys Gly Leu Asp Ser Leu Val Leu Ala Gly Th - #r Thr Gly Glu Ser Pro# 60- ACG ACA ACC GCC GCT GAA AAA CTA GAA CTG CT - #C AAG GCC GTT CGT GAG 541Thr Thr Thr Ala Ala Glu Lys Leu Glu Leu Le - #u Lys Ala Val Arg Glu# 75- GAA GTT GGG GAT CGG GCG AAC GTC ATC GCC GG - #T GTC GGA ACC AAC AAC 589Glu Val Gly Asp Arg Ala Asn Val Ile Ala Gl - #y Val Gly Thr Asn Asn# 90- ACG CGG ACA TCT GTG GAA CTT GCG GAA GCT GC - #T GCT TCT GCT GGC GCA 637Thr Arg Thr Ser Val Glu Leu Ala Glu Ala Al - #a Ala Ser Ala Gly Ala# 105- GAC GGC CTT TTA GTT GTA ACT CCT TAT TAC TC - #C AAG CCG AGC CAA GAG 685Asp Gly Leu Leu Val Val Thr Pro Tyr Tyr Se - #r Lys Pro Ser Gln Glu110 1 - #15 1 - #20 1 -#25- GGA TTG CTG GCG CAC TTC GGT GCA ATT GCT GC - #A GCA ACA GAG GTT CCA 733Gly Leu Leu Ala His Phe Gly Ala Ile Ala Al - #a Ala Thr Glu Val Pro# 140- ATT TGT CTC TAT GAC ATT CCT GGT CGG TCA GG - #T ATT CCA ATT GAG TCT 781Ile Cys Leu Tyr Asp Ile Pro Gly Arg Ser Gl - #y Ile Pro Ile Glu Ser# 155- GAT ACC ATG AGA CGC CTG AGT GAA TTA CCT AC - #G ATT TTG GCG GTC AAG 829Asp Thr Met Arg Arg Leu Ser Glu Leu Pro Th - #r Ile Leu Ala Val Lys# 170- GAC GCC AAG GGT GAC CTC GTT GCA GCC ACG TC - #A TTG ATC AAA GAA ACG 877Asp Ala Lys Gly Asp Leu Val Ala Ala Thr Se - #r Leu Ile Lys Glu Thr# 185- GGA CTT GCC TGG TAT TCA GGC GAT GAC CCA CT - #A AAC CTT GTT TGG CTT 925Gly Leu Ala Trp Tyr Ser Gly Asp Asp Pro Le - #u Asn Leu Val Trp Leu190 1 - #95 2 - #00 2 -#05- GCT TTG GGC GGA TCA GGT TTC ATT TCC GTA AT - #T GGA CAT GCA GCC CCC 973Ala Leu Gly Gly Ser Gly Phe Ile Ser Val Il - #e Gly His Ala Ala Pro# 220- ACA GCA TTA CGT GAG TTG TAC ACA AGC TTC GA - #G GAA GGC GAC CTC GTC1021Thr Ala Leu Arg Glu Leu Tyr Thr Ser Phe Gl - #u Glu Gly Asp Leu Val# 235- CGT GCG CGG GAA ATC AAC GCC AAA CTA TCA CC - #G CTG GTA GCT GCC CAA1069Arg Ala Arg Glu Ile Asn Ala Lys Leu Ser Pr - #o Leu Val Ala Ala Gln# 250- GGT CGC TTG GGT GGA GTC AGC TTG GCA AAA GC - #T GCT CTG CGT CTG CAG1117Gly Arg Leu Gly Gly Val Ser Leu Ala Lys Al - #a Ala Leu Arg Leu Gln# 265- GGC ATC AAC GTA GGA GAT CCT CGA CTT CCA AT - #T ATG GCT CCA AAT GAG1165Gly Ile Asn Val Gly Asp Pro Arg Leu Pro Il - #e Met Ala Pro Asn Glu270 2 - #75 2 - #80 2 -#85- CAG GAA CTT GAG GCT CTC CGA GAA GAC ATG AA - #A AAA GCT GGA GTT CTA1213Gln Glu Leu Glu Ala Leu Arg Glu Asp Met Ly - #s Lys Ala Gly Val Leu# 300- TAAATATGAA TGATTCCCGA AATCGCGGCC GGAAGGTTAC CCGCAAGGCG GC - #CCACCAGA1273- AGCTGGTCAG GAAAACCATC TGGATACCCC TGTCTTTCAG GCACCAGATG CT - #TCCTCTAA1333- CCAGAGCGCT GTAAAAGCTG AGACCGCCGG AAACGACAAT CGGGATGCTG CG - #CAAGGTGC1393#1411 TC- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 301 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:20:- Met Ser Thr Gly Leu Thr Ala Lys Thr Gly Va - #l Glu His Phe Gly Thr# 15- Val Gly Val Ala Met Val Thr Pro Phe Thr Gl - #u Ser Gly Asp Ile Asp# 30- Ile Ala Ala Gly Arg Glu Val Ala Ala Tyr Le - #u Val Asp Lys Gly Leu# 45- Asp Ser Leu Val Leu Ala Gly Thr Thr Gly Gl - #u Ser Pro Thr Thr Thr# 60- Ala Ala Glu Lys Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Ala Va - #l Arg Glu Glu Val Gly# 80- Asp Arg Ala Asn Val Ile Ala Gly Val Gly Th - #r Asn Asn Thr Arg Thr# 95- Ser Val Glu Leu Ala Glu Ala Ala Ala Ser Al - #a Gly Ala Asp Gly Leu# 110- Leu Val Val Thr Pro Tyr Tyr Ser Lys Pro Se - #r Gln Glu Gly Leu Leu# 125- Ala His Phe Gly Ala Ile Ala Ala Ala Thr Gl - #u Val Pro Ile Cys Leu# 140- Tyr Asp Ile Pro Gly Arg Ser Gly Ile Pro Il - #e Glu Ser Asp Thr Met145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Arg Arg Leu Ser Glu Leu Pro Thr Ile Leu Al - #a Val Lys Asp Ala Lys# 175- Gly Asp Leu Val Ala Ala Thr Ser Leu Ile Ly - #s Glu Thr Gly Leu Ala# 190- Trp Tyr Ser Gly Asp Asp Pro Leu Asn Leu Va - #l Trp Leu Ala Leu Gly# 205- Gly Ser Gly Phe Ile Ser Val Ile Gly His Al - #a Ala Pro Thr Ala Leu# 220- Arg Glu Leu Tyr Thr Ser Phe Glu Glu Gly As - #p Leu Val Arg Ala Arg225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Glu Ile Asn Ala Lys Leu Ser Pro Leu Val Al - #a Ala Gln Gly Arg Leu# 255- Gly Gly Val Ser Leu Ala Lys Ala Ala Leu Ar - #g Leu Gln Gly Ile Asn# 270- Val Gly Asp Pro Arg Leu Pro Ile Met Ala Pr - #o Asn Glu Gln Glu Leu# 285- Glu Ala Leu Arg Glu Asp Met Lys Lys Ala Gl - #y Val Leu# 300- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 23 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid (A) DESCRIPTION: /desc=- #"Synthetic DNA"- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21:# 23CCTG GAA- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 23 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid (A) DESCRIPTION: /desc=- #"Synthetic DNA"- (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22:# 23TTTT CTT- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#pairs (A) LENGTH: 2001 base (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA- (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Brevibacteri - #um lactofermentum (B) STRAIN: ATCC 13869- (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS (B) LOCATION: 730..1473- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23:- GGATCCCCAA TCGATACCTG GAACGACAAC CTGATCAGGA TATCCAATGC CT - #TGAATATT 60- GACGTTGAGG AAGGAATCAC CAGCCATCTC AACTGGAAGA CCTGACGCCT GC - #TGAATTGG 120- ATCAGTGGCC CAATCGACCC ACCAACCAGG TTGGCTATTA CCGGCGATAT CA - #AAAACAAC 180- TCGCGTGAAC GTTTCGTGCT CGGCAACGCG GATGCCAGCG ATCGACATAT CG - #GAGTCACC 240- AACTTGAGCC TGCTGCTTCT GATCCATCGA CGGGGAACCC AACGGCGGCA AA - #GCAGTGGG 300- GGAAGGGGAG TTGGTGGACT CTGAATCAGT GGGCTCTGAA GTGGTAGGCG AC - #GGGGCAGC 360- ATCTGAAGGC GTGCGAGTTG TGGTGACCGG GTTAGCGGTT TCAGTTTCTG TC - #ACAACTGG 420- AGCAGGACTA GCAGAGGTTG TAGGCGTTGA GCCGCTTCCA TCACAAGCAC TT - #AAAAGTAA 480- AGAGGCGGAA ACCACAAGCG CCAAGGAACT ACCTGCGGAA CGGGCGGTGA AG - #GGCAACTT 540- AAGTCTCATA TTTCAAACAT AGTTCCACCT GTGTGATTAA TCTCCAGAAC GG - #AACAAACT 600- GATGAACAAT CGTTAACAAC ACAGACCAAA ACGGTCAGTT AGGTATGGAT AT - #CAGCACCT 660- TCTGAATGGG TACGTCTAGA CTGGTGGGCG TTTGAAAAAC TCTTCGCCCC AC - #GAAAATGA 720- AGGAGCATA ATG GGA ATC AAG GTT GGC GTT CTC GGA - # GCC AAA GGC CGT 768#Gly Val Leu Gly Ala Lys Gly Arg# 10- GTT GGT CAA ACT ATT GTG GCA GCA GTC AAT GA - #G TCC GAC GAT CTG GAG 816Val Gly Gln Thr Ile Val Ala Ala Val Asn Gl - #u Ser Asp Asp Leu Glu# 25- CTT GTT GCA GAG ATC GGC GTC GAC GAT GAT TT - #G AGC CTT CTG GTA GAC 864Leu Val Ala Glu Ile Gly Val Asp Asp Asp Le - #u Ser Leu Leu Val Asp# 45- AAC GGC GCT GAA GTT GTC GTT GAC TTC ACC AC - #T CCT AAC GCT GTG ATG 912Asn Gly Ala Glu Val Val Val Asp Phe Thr Th - #r Pro Asn Ala Val Met# 60- GGC AAC CTG GAG TTC TGC ATC AAC AAC GGC AT - #T TCT GCG GTT GTT GGA 960Gly Asn Leu Glu Phe Cys Ile Asn Asn Gly Il - #e Ser Ala Val Val Gly# 75- ACC ACG GGC TTC GAT GAT GCT CGT TTG GAG CA - #G GTT CGC GCC TGG CTT1008Thr Thr Gly Phe Asp Asp Ala Arg Leu Glu Gl - #n Val Arg Ala Trp Leu# 90- GAA GGA AAA GAC AAT GTC GGT GTT CTG ATC GC - #A CCT AAC TTT GCT ATC1056Glu Gly Lys Asp Asn Val Gly Val Leu Ile Al - #a Pro Asn Phe Ala Ile# 105- TCT GCG GTG TTG ACC ATG GTC TTT TCC AAG CA - #G GCT GCC CGC TTC TTC1104Ser Ala Val Leu Thr Met Val Phe Ser Lys Gl - #n Ala Ala Arg Phe Phe110 1 - #15 1 - #20 1 -#25- GAA TCA GCT GAA GTT ATT GAG CTG CAC CAC CC - #C AAC AAG CTG GAT GCA1152Glu Ser Ala Glu Val Ile Glu Leu His His Pr - #o Asn Lys Leu Asp Ala# 140- CCT TCA GGC ACC GCG ATC CAC ACT GCT CAG GG - #C ATT GCT GCG GCA CGC1200Pro Ser Gly Thr Ala Ile His Thr Ala Gln Gl - #y Ile Ala Ala Ala Arg# 155- AAA GAA GCA GGC ATG GAC GCA CAG CCA GAT GC - #G ACC GAG CAG GCA CTT1248Lys Glu Ala Gly Met Asp Ala Gln Pro Asp Al - #a Thr Glu Gln Ala Leu# 170- GAG GGT TCC CGT GGC GCA AGC GTA GAT GGA AT - #C CCA GTT CAC GCA GTC1296Glu Gly Ser Arg Gly Ala Ser Val Asp Gly Il - #e Pro Val His Ala Val# 185- CGC ATG TCC GGC ATG GTT GCT CAC GAG CAA GT - #T ATC TTT GGC ACC CAG1344Arg Met Ser Gly Met Val Ala His Glu Gln Va - #l Ile Phe Gly Thr Gln190 1 - #95 2 - #00 2 -#05- GGT CAG ACC TTG ACC ATC AAG CAG GAC TCC TA - #T GAT CGC AAC TCA TTT1392Gly Gln Thr Leu Thr Ile Lys Gln Asp Ser Ty - #r Asp Arg Asn Ser Phe# 220- GCA CCA GGT GTC TTG GTG GGT GTG CGC AAC AT - #T GCA CAG CAC CCA GGC1440Ala Pro Gly Val Leu Val Gly Val Arg Asn Il - #e Ala Gln His Pro Gly# 235- CTA GTC GTA GGA CTT GAG CAT TAC CTA GGC CT - #G TAAAGGCTCA TTTCAGCAGC1493Leu Val Val Gly Leu Glu His Tyr Leu Gly Le - #u# 245- GGGTGGAATT TTTTAAAAGG AGCGTTTAAA GGCTGTGGCC GAACAAGTTA AA - #TTGAGCGT1553- GGAGTTGATA GCGTGCAGTT CTTTTACTCC ACCCGCTGAT GTTGAGTGGT CA - #ACTGATGT1613- TGAGGGCGCG GAAGCACTCG TCGAGTTTGC GGGTCGTGCC TGCTACGAAA CT - #TTTGATAA1673- GCCGAACCCT CGAACTGCTT CCAATGCTGC GTATCTGCGC CACATCATGG AA - #GTGGGGCA1733- CACTGCTTTG CTTGAGCATG CCAATGCCAC GATGTATATC CGAGGCATTT CT - #CGGTCCGC1793- GACCCATGAA TTGGTCCGAC ACCGCCATTT TTCCTTCTCT CAACTGTCTC AG - #CGTTTCGT1853- GCACAGCGGA GAATCGGAAG TAGTGGTGCC CACTCTCATC GATGAAGATC CG - #CAGTTGCG1913- TGAACTTTTC ATGCACGCCA TGGATGAGTC TCGGTTCGCT TTCAATGAGC TG - #CTTAATGC1973# 2001 GGCG ATGAACCG- (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:24:- (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:#acids (A) LENGTH: 248 amino (B) TYPE: amino acid (D) TOPOLOGY: linear- (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein- (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:24:- Met Gly Ile Lys Val Gly Val Leu Gly Ala Ly - #s Gly Arg Val Gly Gln# 15- Thr Ile Val Ala Ala Val Asn Glu Ser Asp As - #p Leu Glu Leu Val Ala# 30- Glu Ile Gly Val Asp Asp Asp Leu Ser Leu Le - #u Val Asp Asn Gly Ala# 45- Glu Val Val Val Asp Phe Thr Thr Pro Asn Al - #a Val Met Gly Asn Leu# 60- Glu Phe Cys Ile Asn Asn Gly Ile Ser Ala Va - #l Val Gly Thr Thr Gly# 80- Phe Asp Asp Ala Arg Leu Glu Gln Val Arg Al - #a Trp Leu Glu Gly Lys# 95- Asp Asn Val Gly Val Leu Ile Ala Pro Asn Ph - #e Ala Ile Ser Ala Val# 110- Leu Thr Met Val Phe Ser Lys Gln Ala Ala Ar - #g Phe Phe Glu Ser Ala# 125- Glu Val Ile Glu Leu His His Pro Asn Lys Le - #u Asp Ala Pro Ser Gly# 140- Thr Ala Ile His Thr Ala Gln Gly Ile Ala Al - #a Ala Arg Lys Glu Ala145 1 - #50 1 - #55 1 -#60- Gly Met Asp Ala Gln Pro Asp Ala Thr Glu Gl - #n Ala Leu Glu Gly Ser# 175- Arg Gly Ala Ser Val Asp Gly Ile Pro Val Hi - #s Ala Val Arg Met Ser# 190- Gly Met Val Ala His Glu Gln Val Ile Phe Gl - #y Thr Gln Gly Gln Thr# 205- Leu Thr Ile Lys Gln Asp Ser Tyr Asp Arg As - #n Ser Phe Ala Pro Gly# 220- Val Leu Val Gly Val Arg Asn Ile Ala Gln Hi - #s Pro Gly Leu Val Val225 2 - #30 2 - #35 2 -#40- Gly Leu Glu His Tyr Leu Gly Leu 245__________________________________________________________________________

Number	Name	Date
4861722	Sano et al.	Aug 1989
4980285	Sano et al.	Dec 1990
5426052	Flickinger et al.	Jun 1995

Number	Date	Country
0 435 132	Jul 1991	EPX
05284970	Nov 1993	JPX
WO 9516042	Jun 1995	WOX
WO 9640934	Dec 1996	WOX

Method of producing L-lysine

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US Referenced Citations (3)

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Non-Patent Literature Citations (7)

Entry
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 18, No. 71, (C-1162), Feb. 7, 1994, JP-5-284970, Nov. 2, 1993.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 95, No. 6, Jul. 31, 1995, JP-7-075579, Mar. 20, 1995.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 11, No. 159, (C-423), May 22, 1987, JP-61-289887, Dec. 19, 1986.
Schrumpf et al. (1991) A functionally split pathway for lysine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Bacteriology 173 (14): 4510-4516, Jan. 1991.
Sonntag et al. (1993) Flux partitioning in the split pathway of lysine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Quantification by carbon-13 and proton NMR spectroscopy. European Journal of Biochemistry 213 (3): 1325-1331, Jan. 1993.
S. Bonnassie et al, "Nucleotide sequence of the dapA gene from Cornyebacterium glutamicum", Oxford University Press, Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 18, No. 21, pp. 6421, Oct. 3, 1990.
A. Pisabarro et al, "A cluster of three genes (dapA, orf2, and dapB) of Brevilbacterium lactofermentum encodes dihydrokipicolinate synthase, dihydrodipicolinate reductase, and a third polypeptide of unknown function", Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 175, No. 9, pp. 2743-2749, May 1993.