Claims
- 1. A process of producing a product, comprising:
a) filling an interior of a mold with a mixture so that substantially all gas bubbles are displaced therefrom, the mixture comprising at least two components which can be phase separated by a phase separation agent into at least two phases; b) rotating said mold containing said mixture at an effective rotational velocity so that under rotation at least one of the phases deposits onto an inner surface of the mold; and c) forming said product by stabilizing said at least one of the phases deposited onto the inner surface of the mold.
- 2. The process according to claim 1 including removing said product from said mold.
- 3. The process according to claim 2 wherein of said at least two components, at least one is selected from the group consisting of the group of monomers and macromers and the other is at least one solvent, wherein said at least one of the phases that deposits onto the inner surface includes at least the monomer or macromer, and wherein the step of stabilizing said deposited phase includes gelation of the monomer or macromer by polymerization thereof.
- 4. The process according to claim 3 wherein said phase separation agent is selected from the group consisting of solution immiscibility, light, pH, initiation agents, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic and/or anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
- 5. The process according to claim 4 wherein said initiation agent is selected from the group consisting of free radical initiators, thermal and photo initiators, redox initiators, anionic, cationic or ring-opening initiators.
- 6. The process according to claim 1 wherein said at least two components includes at least one polymer dissolved in at least one solvent, and wherein said mixture is composed of at least two solutions, wherein said at least one of the phases that deposits on the inner surface includes at least the polymer, and wherein the step of stabilizing said deposited phase includes gelation thereof.
- 7. The process according to claim 6 wherein said phase separation agent is selected from the group consisting of solution immiscibility, light, change in pH, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic and/or anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
- 8. The process according to claim 6 wherein gelation is achieved by exposure to an agent selected from the group consisting of light, change in pH, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic and/or anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
- 9. The process according to claim 3 wherein said hollow mold is a cylindrical tube so that said product is a polymeric tube.
- 10. The process according to claim 9 wherein said cylindrical tube includes preselected surface features on said inner surface of the cylindrical tube.
- 11. The process according to claim 1 including inserting a porous structure into said mold prior to filling said mold with said mixture, and wherein said product is coated on an outer surface of said porous structure.
- 12. The process according to claim 3 wherein said mixture includes a cross-linking agent.
- 13. The process according to claims 12 wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of multifunctional ester, carbonate, multi-isocyanate, methacrylate or poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide or acrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide and preferably one of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EDMA), hexamethylene dimethacrylate (HDMA), poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, 1,5-hexadiene-3,4-diol (DVG), 2,3-dihydroxybutanediol 1,4-dimethacrylate (BHDMA), 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (BDMA), 1,5-hexadiene (HD) multi-functional star polymers of poly(ethylene oxide), bifunctional peptides, oligopeptidic crosslinkers, proteins and protein fragments, including enzyme degradable crosslinking agents, hydrolysable crosslinking agent, oligopeptidic crosslinking agents, nitrenes and exposure to light.
- 14. The process according to claim 3 wherein said monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, and derivatives thereof such as, but not limited to, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, 2-polyethylene glycol ethyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-chloroethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate; acrylamides and derivatives thereof including methacrylamide, hydroxypropyl methacrylamide, N,N-diethyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, 2-chloroethyl acrylamide, 2-nitrobutyl acrylamide; N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acenaphthalene, N-vinyl acetamide, phenyl-acetylene, acrolein, methyl acrolein, N-vinyl pyridine, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinyl methyl ketone, vinylidene chloride, styrene and derivatives thereof; propene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acryloyl chloride, allyl acetate, allyl chloride, allylbenzene, butadiene and derivatives thereof; N-vinyl caprolactam, N-vinyl carbazole, cinnamates and derivatives thereof; citraconimide and derivatives thereof; crotonic acid, diallyl phthalate, ethylene and derivatives thereof such as, but not limited to 1,1 diphenyl-ethylene, chlorotrifluoro-ethylene, dichloroethylene, tetrachloro-ethylene; fumarates and derivatives thereof; hexene and derivatives thereof; isoprene and derivatives thereof such as, but not limited to isopropenyl acetate, isopropenyl methyl ketone, isopropenylisocyanate; itaconate and derivatives thereof; itaconamide and derivatives thereof; diethyl maleate, 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl diethyl phosphate, vinyl phosphonates and derivatives thereof; maleic anhydride, maleimide, silicone monomers, and derivatives thereof; lactones, lactams, carbonates, and any combination thereof.
- 15. The process according to claim 3 wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of a neucleophilic, electrophilic or amphiphilic molecule selected from the group of water, alcohols, ethylene glycol, ethanol, acetone, poly(ethylene glycol) and derivatives thereof; solutions of poly(ethylene glycol), dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, alkanes and derivatives thereof; acetonitrile, acetic acid, benzene, acetic anhydride, benzyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, n-butanol, 2-chloroethanol, chloroform, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, di(ethylene glycol), di(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, 1,4 dioxane, N,N, dimethyl acetamide, N,N, dimethyl formamide, ethyl acetate, formaldehyde, n-heptane, hexachloroethane, hexane, isobutanol, isopropanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone, nitrobenzene, n-octane, n-pentanol, propyl acetate, propylene glycol, pyridene, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, trichloroethylene, o-xylene and p-xylene, a monomer, a macromer, a liquid crosslinking agent, or mixtures thereof.
- 16. The process according to claims 3 wherein said solvent solubilizes said monomer or macromer but not a polymer or crosslinked polymer formed from said monomer or macromer.
- 17. The process according to claims 3 wherein said at least one monomer or macromer is present in a range from about 0.001% by weight to about 75% by weight.
- 18. The process according to claims 3 wherein said at least one monomer or macromer is present in a range from about 0.001% by weight to about 60% by weight.
- 19. The process according to claim 6 wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polysulfone, peptide sequences, proteins and derivatives, oligopeptides, degradable polymer, collagen, gelatin, elastin, fibrin, fibronectin, laminin, polymethacrylates such as but not limited to poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethoxyethyl methacrylate), poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate); poly(vinyl acetate)s polyacetates, polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyanhydrides, polyamino acids including poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidinone), poly(vinyl actetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylamide), poly(caprolactone), poly(dioxanone) polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, copolymers of lactic and glycolic acids, and poly(trimethylene carbonate)s, poly(butadiene), polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, poly(chloroprene), neoprene, poly(isobutene), poly(isoprene), polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(oxymethylene), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(oxyethylene) poly(oxyterephthaloyl), polyamides such as but not limited to, poly[imino(1-oxohexamethylene)], poly(iminoadipoyl-iminohexamethalene), poly(iminohexamethylene-iminosebacoyl), poly[imino(1-oxododecamethylene)], cellulose, polysulfones, carbohydrates, polysaccharides and modified polysaccharids, such as hyaluronic acid, sodium hyaluronate, alginate, dextran and modified dextran, such as dextran-acrylates, including dex-lactate-HEMA, dex-GMA, dex-HEMA, agarose, chitosan and derivatives thereof; chitin, and mixtures thereof; starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and derivatives.
- 20. The process according to claim 1 including physically or chemically modifying the inner surface of the mold upon which pre-selected morphologies are induced into the wall of the said product by inducing beading or spreading of the separated liquid phase.
- 21. The process according to claim 20 with molecules including silanating agents.
- 22. The process according to claim 3 including the step of removing the solvent and including repeating steps a), b) and c), at least once to produce a multi-layered product.
- 23. The process according to claim 3 including the step of removing the solvent and including repeating steps a), b) and c), and wherein said mixture includes particles in step a) to produce a multi-layered product with constituents embedded in the wall of the product, and wherein the constituents include one or a combination of cells, proteins, peptides, enzymes, genes, vectors, growth factors, hormones, nucleotides, therapeutics, drugs and carbohydrates.
- 24. The process according to claim 23 wherein said constituents are embedded directly in the wall of the product.
- 25. The process according to claim 23 wherein said constituents are embedded in microspheres or nanoparticles which are embedded in the wall of the product.
- 26. The process according to claim 6 including the step of removing the solvent and including repeating steps a), b) and c), and wherein said mixture includes particles in step a) to produce a multi-layered product with particles embedded in the wall of the product, and wherein the particles include one or a combination of cells, proteins, peptides, enzymes, genes, vectors, growth factors, hormones, nucleotides, therapeutics, drugs and carbohydrates.
- 27. The process according to claim 26 wherein said constituents are embedded directly in the wall of the product.
- 28. The process according to claim 26 wherein said constituents are embedded in microspheres or nanoparticles which are embedded in the wall of the product.
- 29. The process according to claim 1 wherein prior to filling up said mold with said mixture, said inner surface of said mold is treated in such a way so as to increase adherence of the product deposited thereon during rotation.
- 30. The process according to claim 1 wherein prior to filling up said mold with said mixture, said inner surface of said mold is treated in such a way so as to prevent adherence of the product deposited thereon during rotation.
- 31. A product produced by a method comprising the steps of:
filling an interior of a mold with a mixture so that substantially all gas bubbles are displaced therefrom, the mixture comprising at least two components which can be phase separated by a phase separation agent into at least two phases; rotating said mold containing said mixture at an effective rotational velocity so that under rotation at least one of the phases deposits onto an inner surface of the mold; and forming said product by stabilizing said at least one of the phases deposited onto the inner surface of the mold.
- 32. The product according to claim 31 including removing said product from said mold.
- 33. The product according to claim 31 wherein said hollow mold is a cylindrical tube so that said product is a tube.
- 34. The product according to claim 31 wherein of said at least two components at least one is selected from the group consisting of the group of monomers and macromers and the other is at least one solvent, wherein said at least one of the phases that deposits onto the inner surface includes at least one of the monomer and macromer, and wherein the step of stabilizing said deposited phase includes gelation of the at least one of the monomer and macromer by polymerization thereof.
- 35. The product according to claim 34 wherein said phase separation agent is selected from the group consisting of solution immiscibility, polymer immiscibility, light, pH, initiation agents, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic and/or anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
- 36. The product according to claim 35 wherein said initiation agent is selected from the group consisting of free radical initiators, thermal and photo initiators, redox initiators, anionic, cationic or ring-opening initiators.
- 37. The product according to claim 34 wherein the product has a wall morphology that includes a porous structure, a gel structure or overlapping regions of porous/gel structure.
- 38. The product according to claim 34 wherein the product has a wall morphology that includes a predominantly gel morphology with porous channels running from a periphery to a lumenal side, resulting in spotting on an outer wall surface.
- 39. The product according to claim 31 wherein said at least two components includes at least one polymer dissolved in at least one solvent, and wherein said mixture is composed of at least two solutions, wherein said at least one of the phases that deposits on the inner surface includes at least the polymer, and wherein the step of stabilizing said deposited phase includes gelation thereof.
- 40. The product according to claim 39 wherein said phase separation agent is selected from the group consisting of solution immiscibility, light, change in pH, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic and/or anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
- 41. The product according to claim 39 wherein gelation is achieved by exposure to an agent selected from the group consisting of light, change in pH, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic and/or anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
- 42. The product according to claim 39 wherein the product has a wall morphology that includes a porous structure, a gel structure or overlapping regions of porous/gel structure.
- 43. The product according to claim 39 wherein the product has a wall morphology that includes a predominantly gel morphology with porous channels running from a periphery to a lumenal side, resulting in spotting on an outer wall surface.
- 44. The product according to claim 31 wherein said product is a multi-layered product produced by repeating steps a), b) and c), at least once to produce a multi-layered product.
- 45. The product according to claim 34 wherein the wall structure is used as a reservoir for the delivery of drugs, therapeutics, cells, cell products, genes, viral vectors, proteins, peptides, hormones, carbohydrates, growth factors, enzymes.
- 46. The product according to claim 39 wherein the wall structure is used as a reservoir for the delivery of drugs, therapeutics, cells, cell products, genes, viral vectors, proteins, peptides, hormones, carbohydrates, growth factors, enzymes.
- 47. The product according to claim 39 wherein the solution contains particles containing pre-selected constituents, and wherein the product includes said particles are distributed either uniformly or in a gradient within the wall structure of the product.
- 48. The product according to claim 39 wherein the particles are microspheres or nanospheres and said pre-selected constituents include enzymes, proteins, peptides, genes, vectors, growth factors, hormones, nucleotides, carbohydrates, drugs, therapeutics, or cells.
- 49. The product according to claim 39 wherein the cells include neurons, stem cells, stem cell derived cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, Schwann cells, astrocyte cells, microglia cells, or oligodendrocyte cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, bone marrow-derived cells, hematopoetic cells, glial cells, inflammatory cells, and immune system cells.
- 50. The product according to claim 39 wherein the particles are microspheres or nanospheres and said pre-selected constituents include enzymes, proteins, peptides, genes, vectors, growth factors, hormones, oligonucleotides, or cells.
- 51. The product according to claim 50 wherein the cells include neurons, stem cells, stem cell derived cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, Schwann cells, astrocyte cells, microglia cells, or oligodendrocyte cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, bone marrow-derived cells, hematopoetic cells, glial cells, inflammatory cells, and immune system cells.
- 52. The product according to claim 50 wherein the particles are degradable particles thereby releasing said constituents over time.
- 53. The process according to claim 1 including a step of inserting an object into the mold to be coated with wherein said object is coated with said at least one of the phases which is stabilized on said object.
- 54. The process according to claim 1 wherein the object is selected from the group consisting of meshes, scaffolds, stents, coils, aural drainage tubes, abdominal/gastrointestinal structural replacements, stents for abdominal aortic aneurysms and esophageal scaffolds and fibers that occupy a periphery of the mold.
- 55. The process according to claim 1 wherein said mold is made of a material suitable to act as a nerve guidance channel and wherein said product is coated on the interior surface thereof.
- 56. The process according to claim 1 wherein said product is made of a material suitable to act as a nerve guidance channel.
- 57. The product according to claim 31 wherein the process includes a step of inserting an object into the mold to be coated with wherein said product includes said object being coated with said at least one of the phases and which is stabilized on said object.
- 58. The process according to claim 3 wherein said step c) by stabilizing said at least one of the phases deposited onto the inner surface of the mold is achieved by one or a combination of gelation, exposure of the phase to light, change in pH, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic and/or anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
- 59. The process according to claim 6 wherein said step c) by stabilizing said at least one of the phases deposited onto the inner surface of the mold is achieved by one or a combination of gelation, exposure of the phase to light, change in pH, change in temperature, creation of a chemical product within the mold, changes in cationic and/or anionic concentrations, electric and magnetic fields.
- 60. The product produced in accordance with claim 31 for use as a coronary artery bypass graft, vascular graft, artificial fallopian tubes, a drainage implant for glaucoma, a drainage implant for the lachrymal duct, artificial tissues such as intestines, ligaments, tendons, nerve guidance channels, ureter and urethra replacements, aural drainage tubes, abdominal/gastrointestinal structural replacements, stents for aortic aneurysms, esophageal scaffolds, composite catheters, shunts, delivery matrices, coatings applied to pacemaker leads, implantable sensor wire leads, wires for interventional cardiology, and biosensors.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. utility patent application Ser. No. 10/169,948 filed on Jul. 11, 2002, which is a National Phase application claiming the benefit of PCT/CA01/00680 filed May 11, 2001 published in English, which further claims priority benefit from U.S. provisional patent application 60/203,910 filed May 12, 2000.
Provisional Applications (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
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60203910 |
May 2000 |
US |
Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
10169948 |
Jul 2002 |
US |
Child |
10365532 |
Feb 2003 |
US |