Method of providing nutrition to adolescents

Abstract

A dietary composition comprising, based on total caloric content of the composition,a) a carbohydrate component which comprises from 50 to 65% of the total caloric content;b) a lipid component which comprises from 20 to 35% of the total caloric content; andc) an amino acid component which comprises from 10 to 20% of the total caloric content and which comprises specified amino acids and amounts thereof is useful providing nutrition to human adolescents.

Description

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to dietary compositions, useful for providing nutrition to a human adolescent for stimulating growth which comprise

a) a carbohydrate component which comprises from 50 to 65% of the total caloric content of said composition; b) a lipid component which comprises from 20 to 35% of the total caloric content of said composition; and c) an amino acid component which comprises from 10 to 20% of the total caloric content of said composition and which comprises 2.3 to 2.8% L-histidine, 6.1 to 7.4% L-soleucine, 8.5 to 10.2% L-leucine, 7.0 to 8.4% L-valine, 6.6 to 8.0% L-lysine, 3.1 to 3.8% L-methionine, 5.5 to 6.6% L-phenylalanine, 4.8 to 5.8% L-threonine, 1.7 to 2.1% L-tryptophan, 5.7 to 6.9% L-alanine, 6.2 to 7.5% L-arginine, 5.9 to 7.1% L-aspartic acid, 2.3 to 2.8% L-cystine, 12.9 to 15.5% L-glutamine, 3.8 to 4.6% L-glutamic acid, 3.2 to 3.9% glycine, 5.0 to 6.0% L-proline, 5.4 to 6.5% L-serine, and 4.0 to 4.8% L-tyrosine, all based on total weight of said amino acid component.

The compositions are useful for administering nutrition to adolescents particularly those ages 1 to 10 years, for diseases or conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, intractable diarrhea, lactose intolerance, short bowel syndrome, cystic fibrosis, cow's milk protein enteropathy or sensitivity, pre or post surgery, AIDS, malabsorption syndrome, gastroenteritis, GI fistula, and pancreatic disorder.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Providing proper nutrition to adolescents is important in growth and development. Nutrition is especially important to adolescents who are undergoing certain conditions or disease, and who are unable to consume food orally and must be fed enterally. Physicians have had to use baby formulas or modify existing adult enteral formulas to meet the needs of their adolescent patients. They have added fats and carbohydrates to increase the calories, lowered the protein content or reduced the water used in preparing powdered or concentrated varieties. These modifications do not provide for a well-balanced formula as the sodium and vitamins and minerals are not appropriate. Some physicians have added iron, vitamins and calcium, but again an appropriately balanced formula was not achieved. Thus, a strong need exists for improved enteral or oral formulas designed for the nutritional needs of adolescents.

Enteral food compositions containing essential amino acids, minerals and carbohydrates are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,697,287. U.S. Pat. No. 4,368,204 describes elemental nutritional compositions for pediatrics having a specific amino acid profile. However, the compositions of the prior art are not optimal for providing nutrition to human adolescents. These compositions are typically too high in osmolality and relatively low in amount of essential amino acids and other components required for growth.

The present invention overcomes deficiencies of the prior art compositions by providing an improved nutritional composition for adolescents which has an optimal amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid content, as well as a balanced mineral, vitamin and electrolyte content.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This invention provides compositions and a method of providing nutrition to human adolescents. The compositions of the invention comprise

a) a carbohydrate component which comprises from 50 to 65% of the total caloric content of said composition; b) a lipid component which comprises from 20 to 35% of the total caloric content of said composition; and c) an amino acid component which comprises from 10 to 20% of the total caloric content of said composition and which comprises 2.3 to 2.8% L-histidine, 6.1 to 7.4% L-isoleucine, 8.5 to 10.2% L-leucine, 7.0 to 8.4% L-valine, 6.6 to 8.0% L-lysine, 3.1 to 3.8% L-methionine, 5.5 to 6.6% L-phenylalanine, 4.8 to 5.8% L-threonine, 1.7 to 2.1% L-tryptophan, 5.7 to 6.9% L-alanine, 6.2 to 7.5% L-arginine, 5.9 to 7.1% L-aspartic acid, 2.3 to 2.8% L-cystine, 12.9 to 15.5% L-glutamine, 3.8 to 4.6% L-glutamic acid, 3.2 to 3.9% glycine, 5.0 to 6.0% L-proline, 5.4 to 6.5% L-serine, and 4.0 to 4.8% L-tyrosine, all based on total weight of said amino acid component.

The carbohydrate component of the composition of this invention comprises 50-65% of the total caloric content of the composition, more preferably from 60 to 65% of the total caloric content; most preferably about 63% of the total caloric content. Any carbohydrate conventionally used in nutritional compositions are useful in the composition of this invention, but preferably the carbohydrate component consist essentially of maltodextrin, modified starch or mixtures thereof. The carbohydrate component provides optional absorption of the carbohydrate by the gastro-intestinal tract of adolescent, particularly for those with malabsorption disorders. The carbohydrate component more preferably consist essentially of about 72-99% by weight maltodextrin and about 1-28% by weight modified starch. The carbohydrate component is preferably free of lactose (which may be a problem in adolescents with lactose intolerance) and preferably contains no sucrose or fructose.

The lipid component for the compositions of this invention comprises from 20 to 35% of the total caloric content of the composition, more preferably 20 to 30%, most preferably about 25%. Adequate lipid intake is important as a source of energy, essential fatty acids and carrier of fat soluble vitamins. Suitable lipids for use in the present invention include, any of the conventional saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, glycerides and other nutritionally acceptable fat sources known in the art, such as animal oils, fish oils, vegetable oils and synthetic lipids. Preferably the lipid component consists essentially of soybean oil, medium chain triglycerides, or mixtures thereof. More preferably, the lipid component consists of about 30% by weight soybean oil and about 70% by weight medium chain, triglycerides, based on total weight of said lipid component. Medium chain triglycerides have been shown to be well-utilized in clinical conditions where standard long chain dietary fats are malabsorbed. In addition, medium chain triglycerides contain fatty acid chains composed of six to ten linear carbon units. These triglycerides do not require emulsification with bile, are more rapidly and more easily hydrolyzed than long chain fats and the fatty acids are directly absorbed into the portal system. Soybean oil is preferred as an excellent source of linoleic and linolenic acids. The composition of the invention comprises about 4.3% of its total energy content as linoleic acid and about 0.6% linolenic acid giving a total of about 4.9% as essential fatty acids.

The lipid component is preferably added or included in the compositions of the invention in the form of dry granules encapsulated by carbohydrate. The encapsulated lipid can be prepared by adding the lipid to an aqueous carbohydrate slurry, homogenizing it, and spray drying it to form the dry granules. The encapsulated lipid provides improved emulsion stability to the compositions of the invention.

The amino acid component of the compositions of this invention comprises from 10 to 20% of the total caloric content of the composition, more preferably 10 to 15%, most preferably about 12%. The amino acid component comprises 2.3 to 2.8% L-histidine, 6.1 to 7.4% L-isoleucine, 8.5 to 10.2% L-leucine, 7.0 to 8.4% L-valine, 6.6 to 8.0% L-lysine, 3.1 to 3.8% L-methionine, 5.5 to 6.6% L-phenylalanine, 4.8 to 5.8% L-threonine, 1.7 to 2.1% L-tryptophan, 5.7 to 6.9% L-alanine, 6.2 to 7.5% L-arginine, 5.9 to 7.1% L-aspartic acid, 2.3 to 2.8% L-cystine, 12.9 to 15.5% L-glutamine, 3.8 to 4.6% L-glutamic acid, 3.2 to 3.9% glycine, 5.0 to 6.0% L-proline, 5.4 to 6.5% L-serine, and 4.0 to 4.8% L-tyrosine, all based on total weight of said amino acid component. More preferably the amino acid component comprises 2.4 to 2.6% L-histidine, 6.6 to 6.8% L-isoleucine, 9.2 to 9.5% L-leucine, 7.6 to 7.8% L-valine, 7.1 to 7.4% L-lysine, 3.3 to 3.5% L-methionine, 6.0 to 6.2% L-phenylalanine, 5.2 to 5.4% L-threonine, 1.8 to 2.0% L-tryptophan, 6.2 to 6.4% L-alanine, 6.7 to 6.9% L-arginine, 6.4 to 6.6% L-aspartic acid, 2.4 to 2.6% L-cystine, 14.0 to 14.5% L-glutamine, 4.1 to 4.3 L-glutamic acid, 3.4 to 3.6% glycine, 5.4 to 4.6% L-proline, 5.8 to 6.1% L-serine, and 4.3 to 4.5% L-tyrosine. Most preferably the amino acid component comprises about 2.5% L-histidine, 6.7% L-isoleucine, 9.4% -leucine, 7.7% L-valine, 7.3% L-lysine, 3.4% L-methionine, 6.1% L-phenylalanine, 5.3% L-threonine, 1.9% L-tryptophan, 6.3% L-alanine, 6.8% L-arginine, 6.5% L-aspartic acid, 2.5% L-cystine, 14.2% L-glutamine, 4.2% L-glutamic acid, 3.5% glycine, 5.5% L-proline, 5.9% L-serine, and 4.4% L-tyrosine.

The compositions of this invention preferably contain 100% free amino acids specially designed to provide a balance of amino acids for adolescents. This balance of amino acids is hypoallergenic in comparison to intact protein used in other formulas. Free amino acids may have a unique benefit in the dietary management of adolescents sensitive to intact protein and for feeding adolescents with severe and persistent diarrhea. The amino acid profile of the present compositions meets or exceeds the standard for high quality proteins established by the National Academy of Science-National Research Council. The preferred non-protein calorie to nitrogen ratio to 200:1 and total calorie to nitrogen ratio of 227:1 will meet the needs of adolescent patients. In general, protein requirements are increased during stress due to increased losses and greater needs for anabolism and tissue repair. Studies have shown the enteral fortification employing sufficient quantities of protein can accelerate the synthesis of visceral protein and promote positive nitrogen balance and host defense factors. However, excessive levels of protein are contra-indicated because of the resulting increase in renal solute load.

The amino acid component preferably comprises 11.2 to 11.5% by weight aromatic amino acid (such as phenlalanine and tyrosine) and 5.4 t 6.5% by weight sulfur-containing amino acids (such as methionine and cystine), based on total weight of the amino acid component. These are believed to be among the most important amino acids for growth in adolescents.

The compositions of the invention preferably contain L-carnitine and taurine. Adequate levels of L-carnitine are essential for lipid metabolism. The compositions preferably contain from about 0.01 to about 0.02% by weight based on total dry weight of the composition L-carnitine. Taurine is important for normal retinal development and in the synthesis of bile salts. Taurine also aids in improved fat absorption, growth and weight gain. The preferred compositions contain about 0.04 to 0.05% by weight taurine based on total dry weight of the composition.

The compositions of the invention can be in the form of a solid powder, this powder is subsequently dissolved or dispersed in juices, water or other aqueous based, non-protein medium. The solid powder form preferably has a caloric content from about 4-5, calories per gram of the composition. The compositions can also be in the form of a ready-to-use aqueous liquid which preferably has a caloric content of about 0.8 calorie per milliliter. The aqueous compositions of the invention preferably have an osmolality of about 300 to 400 mOsm per kilogram of water; more preferably about 350 to 370 mOsm/kg; most preferably about 360 mOsm/kg. Likewise, 0.22 grams of the dry powder composition in 1 gram of water has an osmolality of 300 to 400 mOsm.

Preferred compositions of the invention have the following formulation, based on total dry weight of the composition:

______________________________________Ingredient % by weight______________________________________Maltodextrin 42.5960 to 52.0618Modified starch 16.3556 to 19.9901Medium chain triglycerides 7.5770 to 9.2608Soybean oil 3.2834 to 4.0130Calcium glycerophosphate 2.8007 to 3.4231Magnesium gluconate 1.8886 to 2.3083L-glutamine 1.4374 to 1.7568L-lysine acetate 1.0375 to 1.2681L-leucine 0.9471 to 1.1576L-arginine acetate 0.9289 to 1.1354Potassium Chloride 0.7879 to 0.9630L-valine 0.7800 to 0.9533Citric acid 0.7428 to 0.9079L-isoleucine 0.6797 to 0.8307L-aspartic acid 0.6574 to 0.8035L-alanine 0.6351 to 0.7763L-phenylalanine 0.6128 to 0.7490L-serine 0.6017 to 0.7354Polyglycerol ester 0.5669 to 0.6929L-proline 0.5571 to 0.6809L-threonine 0.5348 to 0.6537L-tyrosine 0.4457 to 0.5448L-glutamic acid 0.4234 to 0.5175Potassium citrate 0.3580 to 0.4376Glycine 0.3566 to 0.4358L-histadine hydrochloride 0.3463 to 0.4233L-methionine 0.3454 to 0.4222Sodium citrate 0.2764 to 0.3378L-cystine 0.2563 to 0.3132Choline bitartrate 0.2386 to 0.2916L-tryptophan 0.1894 to 0.2315Sodium Phosphate dibasic 0.1818 to 0.2223Potassium sorbate 0.1746 to 0.2134Ascorbic acid 0.0938 to 0.1146Alpha tocopheryl acetate 0.0836 to 0.1021Beta carotene 0.0487 to 0.0595Taurine 0.0415 to 0.0507M-inositol 0.0338 to 0.0413Zinc sulfate 0.0178 to 0.0218Ferrous sulfate 0.0165 to 0.0201Niacinamide 0.0133 to 0.0162L-carnitine 0.0130 to 0.0158Biotin 0.0065 to 0.0079Copper gluconate 0.0047 to 0.0057Calcium pantothenate 0.0037 to 0.0046Vitamin A palmitate 0.0037 to 0.0045Manganese sulfate 0.0033 to 0.0041Vitamin D.sub.3 0.0032 to 0.0040Vitamin K.sub.1 0.0025 to 0.0031Cyanocobalamin 0.0020 to 0.0025Potassium Iodide 0.0018 to 0.0021Pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.0016 to 0.0020Folic acid 0.0013 to 0.0016Riboflavin 0.0012 to 0.0015Thiamine hydrochloride 0.0010 to 0.0013Chromic acetate monohydrate 0.00010 to 0.00011Sodium molybdate 0.00010 to 0.00011Sodium selenite anhydrous 0.000040 to 0.000044Total 100______________________________________

The most preferred composition comprises, based on total dry weight of the compositions:

______________________________________Maltodextrin 47.3289Modified starch 18.1728Medium chain triglycerides 8.4189Soybean oil 3.6482Calcium glycerophosphate 3.1119Magnesium gluconate 2.0985L-glutamine 1.5971L-lysine acetate 1.1528L-leucine 1.0524L-arginine acetate 1.0321Potassium Chloride 0.8755L-valine 0.8667Citric acid 0.8254L-isoleucine 0.7552L-aspartic acid 0.7305L-alanine 0.7057L-phenylalanine 0.6809L-serine 0.6686Polyglycerol ester 0.6299L-proline 0.6190L-threonine 0.5943L-tyrosine 0.4952L-glutamic acid 0.4705Potassium citrate 0.3978Glycine 0.3962L-histidine hydrochloride 0.3848L-methionine 0.3838Sodium citrate 0.3071L-cystine 0.2848Choline bitartrate 0.2651L-tryptophan 0.2105Sodium Phosphate dibasic 0.2021Potassium sorbate 0.1940Ascorbic acid 0.1042Alpha tocopheryl acetate 0.0929Beta carotene 0.0541Taurine 0.0461M-inositol 0.0375Zinc sulfate 0.0198Ferrous sulfate 0.0183Niacinamide 0.0147t-carnitine 0.0144Biotin 0.0072Copper gluconate 0.0052Calcium pantothenate 0.0042Vitamin A palmitate 0.0041Manganese sulfate 0.0037Vitamin D.sub.3 0.0036Vitamin K.sub.1 0.0028Cyanocobalamin 0.0023Potassium Iodide 0.0019Pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.0018Folic acid 0.0014Riboflavin 0.0013Thiamine hydrochloride 0.0012Chromic acetate monohydrate 0.0001Sodium molybdate 0.0001Sodium selenite anhydrous 0.00004Total 100______________________________________

The enteral nutritional compositions of this invention may be administered via a nasogastric, nasointestinal, esophagostomy, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy feeding tube. Because of its homogeneity and low viscosity, small bore feeding tubes (16 gauge catheter or #5 French tube) may be used to optimize patient tolerance. The diet should be given at room temperature by continuous drip technique, or using a suitable infusion pump. At the 0.8 calorie per ml dilution, the composition supplies most of the daily fluid requirement. Additional fluids should be given when necessary to maintain hydration and adequate urine output.

The compositions can also be administered orally, such as a flavored drink served chilled over ice. The compositions of the invention are useful for administering complete nutrition or nutritional supplement to adolescents preferably ages 1 to 18 years, more preferably ages 1 to 10 years, most preferably ages 1 to 6 years. The compositions provide at least 800 calories per day. The compositions are particularly useful for administering to an adolescent for diseases or conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, intractable diarrhea, lactose intolerance, short bowel syndrome, cystic fibrosis, cow's milk protein enteropathy or sensitivity, pre or post surgery, trauma, AIDS, malabsorption syndrome, gastroenteritis, GI fistula, and pancreatic disorder.

The following examples are presented to help demonstrate this invention. The examples are intended to be illustrative and not limitative.

EXAMPLE 1

A dietary composition (sample #8773) having an amino acid profile within the scope of the present invention was compared to a dietary composition containing casein as the standard protein source. These compositions had the following formulations:

______________________________________ Amount (wt. %)Ingredients Sample #8773 Casein Composition______________________________________Casein -- 11.14Amino Acid Mix* 11.70 --Cottonseed Oil 8.00 7.96Vitamin Mix 1.00 1.00Salt Mixture 5.00 4.81Non-nutritive fiber 1.00 1.00Corn starch 34.15 34.15Sucrose 34.15 35.59Water 5.00 4.35______________________________________*Amino acid mix comprises:Ingredient % by weight______________________________________L-glutamine 12.2L-leucine 8.0L-arginine acetate 7.9L-lysine acetate 8.8L-isoleucine 5.8L-valine 6.6L-phenylalanine 5.2L-methionine 2.9L-threonine 4.5L-tyrosine 3.8L-histidine hydrochloride 2.9L-aspartic acid 5.6L-proline 4.7L-tryptophan 1.6L-serine 5.1L-alanine 5.4glycine 3.0L-glutamic acid 3.6L-cystine 2.2______________________________________

The compositions were compared for Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) which is a measure of protein quality using laboratory rats. PER is determined by dividing the animal's weight gain by protein intake. Two groups of ten rats each were fed a diet, for 28 days, of Sample #8773 and the casein composition, respectively. Every seven days the rats were weighed and their food consumption was recorded. At the end of 28 days, the total weight gain and protein consumption of the two groups were calculated. These values were used to calculate the PER.

The results for the casein composition are presented in Table 1 and in Table 2 for Sample #8773 of the invention.

TABLE 1______________________________________(Casein Composition)______________________________________BODY WEIGHTS - GMSANIMAL WEEKS WT.NUMBER 0 1 2 3 4 GAIN______________________________________1 65 82 106 129 162 972 64 84 106 129 156 923 61 81 104 129 164 1034 62 78 99 119 155 935 65 89 119 144 183 1186 61 80 111 139 167 1067 62 80 102 129 158 968 63 87 113 135 173 1109 66 87 115 142 179 11310 64 91 124 152 189 125MEAN 63 84 110 135 169 105SD 1.77 4.38 7.92 9.63 11.90 11.16______________________________________FEED CONSUMPTION - GMSANIMAL WEEKS PRO-NUMBER 1 2 3 4 TOTAL TEIN PER*______________________________________1 69 97 96 98 360 36.0 2.692 75 88 96 95 354 35.4 2.603 69 86 89 103 347 34.7 2.974 72 81 87 114 354 35.4 2.635 81 101 109 121 412 41.2 2.866 73 96 109 106 384 38.4 2.767 74 84 101 112 371 37.1 2.598 80 89 94 116 379 37.9 2.909 78 98 102 120 398 39.8 2.8410 85 107 113 129 434 43.4 2.88MEAN 76 93 100 111 379 37.9 2.77SD 5.30 8.33 8.77 10.81 28.28 2.83 .138______________________________________ *PER = Protein Efficiency Ratio TABLE 2______________________________________(SAMPLE #8773)______________________________________BODY WEIGHTS - GMSANIMAL WEEKS WT.NUMBER 0 1 2 3 4 GAIN______________________________________1 64 105 163 216 272 2082 65 93 138 182 225 1603 63 91 133 179 231 1684 62 94 150 198 250 1885 60 86 128 164 202 1426 62 86 130 175 218 1567 61 87 129 177 222 1618 62 86 129 172 211 1499 60 89 139 190 241 18110 61 85 125 171 214 153MEAN 62 90 136 182 229 167SD 1.63 6.09 11.85 15.28 20.82 20.19______________________________________FEED CONSUMPTION - GMSANIMAL WEEKS PRO-NUMBER 1 2 3 4 TOTAL TEIN PER*______________________________________1 94 133 148 153 528 52.8 3.942 82 120 138 141 481 48.1 3.333 74 113 136 145 468 46.8 3.594 82 133 139 146 500 50.0 3.765 70 110 119 119 418 41.8 3.406 77 114 134 136 461 46.1 3.387 80 107 130 132 449 44.9 3.598 79 110 124 125 438 43.8 3.409 89 132 153 150` 524 52.4 3.4510 74 105 126 128 433 43.3 3.53MEAN 80 118 135 138 470 47.0 3.54SD 7.20 11.10 10.55 11.35 37.89 3.79 .191______________________________________

The results show that compositions having the amino acid profile of this invention have a significantly greater protein efficiency ratio than the conventional casein protein.

EXAMPLE 2

A dietary composition within the scope of this invention, (Sample A) was prepared and compared to a dietary composition described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,368,204 (Sample B).

Sample A of this invention had the following composition:

______________________________________Ingredient % by weight______________________________________Maltodextrin 47.3289Modified starch 18.1728Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) 8.4189Soybean oil 3.6482Calcium glycerophosphate 3.1119Magnesium gluconate 2.0985L-glutamine 1.5971L-lysine acetate 1.1528L-leucine 1.0524L-arginine acetate 1.0321Potassium Chloride 0.8755L-valine 0.8667Citric acid 0.8254L-isoleucine 0.7552L-aspartic acid 0.7305L-alanine 0.7057L-phenylalanine 0.6809L-serine 0.6686Polyglycerol ester 0.6299L-proline 0.6190L-threonine 0.5943L-tyrosine 0.4952L-glutamic acid 0.4705Potassium citrate 0.3978Glycine 0.3962L-histidine hydrochloride 0.3848L-methionine 0.3838Sodium citrate 0.3071L-cystine 0.2848Choline bitartrate 0.2651L-tryptophan 0.2105Sodium Phosphate dibasic 0.2021Potassium sorbate 0.1940Ascorbic acid 0.1042Alpha tocopheryl acetate 0.0929Beta carotene 0.0541Taurine 0.0461M-inositol 0.0375Zinc sulfate 0.0198Ferrous sulfate 0.0183Niacinamide 0.0147L-carnitine 0.0144Biotin 0.0072Copper gluconate 0.0052Calcium pantothenate 0.0042Vitamin A palmitate 0.0041Manganese sulfate 0.0037Vitamin D.sub.3 0.0036Vitamin K.sub.1 0.0028Cyanocobalamin 0.0023Potassium Iodide 0.0019Pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.0018Folic acid 0.0014Riboflavin 0.0013Thiamine hydrochloride 0.0012Chromic acetate monohydrate 0.0001Sodium molybdate 0.0001Sodium selenite anhydrous 0.00004Total 100______________________________________

The caloric content of Sample A was 12% amino acid 25% lipid and 63% carbohydrate.

Comparative Sample B had the following composition:

______________________________________Ingredient % by wt.______________________________________Dextrin 82.40478soybean oil 3.14522L-leucine 1.31575L-proline 1.27906L-alanine 1.25809L-lysine monohydrochloride 1.24367L-serine 1.15718L-glutamic acid 0.97895L-arginine 0.90818N-acetyl-L-tyrosine 0.70505L-valine 0.70374L-isoleucine 0.68015L-threonine 0.65001L-histidine hydrochloride 0.49799L-cystine hydrochloride monohydrate 0.41019L-phenylalanine 0.40626di-L-aspartic acid monomagnesium 0.35842L-aspartic acid monopotassium 0.35842glycine 0.29749Zinc sulfate heptahydrate 0.28137L-tryptophan 0.24375L-methionine 0.20837potassium sorbate 0.15726polysorbate 80 0.15412ferrous gluconate 0.05762choline bitatrate 0.03916ascorbic acid 0.03748soy lecithin 0.02202vitamin K 0.01922cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.00180tocopherol acetate 0.00722Niacinamide 0.00481Manganese sulfate pentahydrate 0.00285Calcium pantothenate 0.00260pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.00058retinol acetate 0.00049thiamine hydrochloride 0.00042folic acid 0.00010biotin 0.00009riboflavine sodium phosphate 0.00006ergocalciferol, D.sub.2 0.00001cyanocobalamin 0.000001Total 100______________________________________

The caloric content of Sample B was approximately 13% protein, 8% lipid and 79% carbohydrate.

Approximately 60-80 grams of Sample A and B, respectively, were dissolved in warm water to give 300 ml of solution. These solutions were prepared and visually evaluated by five individuals for instancy and solubility using a 5-point scale with 1=poor and 5=excellent. Instancy is defined as the amount of time with which the composition goes into solution and solubility is defined as quantity of insoluble particulates floating on the surface after the majority of the composition has gone into solution. The compositions were also visually evaluated for foaming, on the surface of the solution. The results of these evaluations are presented in Table 3.

TABLE 3______________________________________ Sample A Sample B (average rating)______________________________________Instancy 3.2 1.4Solubility 2.6 1.8Foaming none 4 millimeters______________________________________

Comparative Sample B exhibited lumps of product floating on the surface after mixing and there were no lumps of product floating on the surface for Sample A of the invention. Comparative Sample B had a white particulate layer form on the bottom of the solution after sitting approximately 5 minutes whereas Sample A had no such sediment.

EXAMPLE 3

The composition of this invention, (Sample A) and the comparative composition (Sample B) prepared in Example 2 were rated for protein quality according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Protein Quality Evaluation (1989), which is herein incorporated by reference. The compositions were given a score in comparison to egg having a score of 100 as the reference protein. The results of this scoring are presented in Table 4.

TABLE 4______________________________________ Sample A Sample B Reference Amino Amino Protein Acid % of Acid % of (Egg) value Reference value Ref.Amino acid (mg/g) (mg/g) Protein (mg/g) Protein______________________________________L-Histidine 22 23 105 24.3 110L-Isoleucine 54 61 113 45 83L-Leucine 86 85 99 87 101L-Lysine 70 66 94 65.8 94L-Methionine + L- 57 54 95 32.5 57cystineL-Phenylalanine + 93 95 102 64.8 70L-tyrosineL-Threonine 47 48 102 43 91L-Tryptophan 17 17 100 16.2 95L-Valine 66 70 106 46.5 70Chemical Score 100 94 57______________________________________

This scoring shows that the amino acid component of the composition of the present invention is of higher quality than that of the comparative prior art composition. The scoring means that there is a limiting amino acid in the composition of this invention which is 94% of the egg reference protein, whereas the limiting amino acid of the comparative composition is only 57% of the egg reference protein.

Claims

1. A method of providing nutrition to a human adolescent which comprises orally or enterally administering to said adolescent a dietary composition which comprises:

a) a carbohydrate component selected from the group consisting of maltodextrin, modified starch, and mixtures thereof, which comprises from 50 to 65% of the total caloric content of said composition;

b) a lipid component selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, medium chain triglycerides, and mixtures thereof, which comprises 20 to 35% of the total caloric content of said composition; and

c) an amino acid component which comprises from 10 to 20% of the total caloric content of said composition and which comprises 2.3 to 2.8% L-histidine, 6.1 to 7.4% L-isoleucine, 8.5 to 10.2% L-leucine, 7.0 to 8.4% L-valine, 6.6 to 8.0% L-lysine, 3.1 to 3.8% L-methionine, 5.5 to 6.6% L-phenylalanine, 4.8 to 5.8% L-threonine, 1.7 to 2.1% L-tryptophan, 5.7 to 6.9% L-alanine, 6.2 to 7.5% L-arginine, 5.9 to 7.1% L-aspartic acid, 2.3 to 2.8% L-cystine, 12.9 to 15.5% L-glutamine, 3.8 to 4.6% L-glutamic acid, 3.2 to 3.9% glycine, 5.0 to 6.0% L-proline, 5.4 to 6.5% L-serine, and 4.0 to 4.8% L-tyrosine, all abased on total weight of said amino acid component.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said carbohydrate component comprises about 63%, said lipid component comprises about 25% and said amino acid component comprises about 12% based on total caloric content of said composition.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said amino acid component comprises about 2.5% L-histidine, 6.7% L-isoleucine, 9.4 L-leucine, 7.7% L-valine, 7.3% L-lysine, 3.4% L-methionine, 6.1% L-phenylalanine, 5.3% L-threonine, 1.9% L-tryptophan, 6.3% L-alanine, 6.8% L-arginine, 6.5% L-aspartic acid, 2.5% L-cystine, 14.2% L-glutamine, 4.2% L-glutamic acid, 3.5% glycine, 5.5% L-proline, 5.9% L-serine and 4.4 L-tyrosine based on total weight of said amino acid component.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said lipid component consists of about 30% by weight soybean oil and about 70% by weight medium chain, triglycerides based on total weight of said lipid component.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition is dissolved or dispersed in a non-protein aqueous-based medium.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein said composition has a caloric density of about 0.8 calories/ml.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein said composition has an osmolality of 300 to 400 mOsm/kg water.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said adolescent is age 1 to 18 years.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein said adolescent is age 1 to 10 years.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition is administered orally.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition is administered enterally.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition provides at least 800 calories per day.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition comprises based on total dry weight of said composition:

______________________________________Ingredient % by weight______________________________________Maltodextrin 42.5960 to 52.0618Modified starch 16.3556 to 19.9901Med. chain triglycerides 7.5770 to 9.2608Soybean oil 3.2834 to 4.0130Calcium glycero- 2.8007 to 3.4231phosphateMagnesium gluconate 1.8886 to 2.3083L-glutamine 1.4374 to 1.7568L-lysine acetate 1.0375 to 1.2681L-leucine 0.9471 to 1.1576L-arginine acetate 0.9289 to 1.1354Potassium chloride 0.7879 to 0.9630L-valine 0.7800 to 0.9533Citric acid 0.7428 to 0.9079L-isoleucine 0.6797 to 0.8307L-aspartic acid 0.6574 to 0.8035L-alanine 0.6351 to 0.7763L-phenylalanine 0.6128 to 0.7490L-serine 0.6017 to 0.7354Polyglycerol ester 0.5669 to 0.6929L-proline 0.5571 to 0.6809L-threonine 0.5348 to 0.6537L-tyrosine 0.4457 to 0.5448L-glutamic acid 0.4234 to 0.5175Potassium citrate 0.3580 to 0.4376Glycine 0.3566 to 0.4358L-histidine hydro- 0.3463 to 0.4233chlorideL-methionine 0.3454 to 0.4222Sodium citrate 0.2764 to 0.3378L-cystine 0.2563 to 0.3132Choline bitartrate 0.2386 to 0.2916L-tryptophan 0.1894 to 0.2315Sodium Phosphate 0.1818 to 0.2223dibasicPotassium sorbate 0.1746 to 0.2134Ascorbic acid 0.0938 to 0.1146Alpha tocopheryl 0.0836 to 0.1021acetateBeta carotene 0.0487 to 0.0595Taurine 0.0415 to 0.0507M-inositol 0.0338 to 0.0413Zinc sulfate 0.0178 to 0.0218Ferrous sulfate 0.0165 to 0.0201Niacinamide 0.0133 to 0.0162L-carnitine 0.0130 to 0.0158Biotin 0.0065 to 0.0079Copper gluconate 0.0047 to 0.0057Calcium pantothenate 0.0037 to 0.0046Vitamin A palmitate 0.0037 to 0.0045Manganese sulfate 0.0033 to 0.0041Vitamin D.sub.3 0.0032 to 0.0040Vitamin K.sub.1 0.0025 to 0.0031Cyanocobalamin 0.0020 to 0.0025Potassium Iodide 0.0018 to 0.0021Pyridoxine hydro- 0.0016 to 0.0020chlorideFolic acid 0.0013 to 0.0016Riboflavin 0.0012 to 0.0015Thiamine hydro- 0.0010 to 0.0013chlorideChromic acetate 0.00010 to 0.00011monohydrateSodium molybdate 0.00010 to 0.00011Sodium selenite 0.000040 to 0.000044anhydrousTotal 100______________________________________

14. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition comprises based on total dry weight of said composition:

______________________________________Ingredient % by weight______________________________________Maltodextrin 47.3289Modified starch 18.1728Medium chain triglycerides 8.4189Soybean oil 3.6482Calcium glycero- 3.1119phosphateMagnesium gluconate 2.0985L-glutamine 1.5971L-lysine acetate 1.1528L-leucine 1.0524L-arginine acetate 1.0321Potassium Chloride 0.8755L-valine 0.8667Citric acid 0.8254L-isoleucine 0.7552L-aspartic acid 0.7305L-alanine 0.7057L-phenylalanine 0.6809L-serine 0.6686Polyglycerol ester 0.6299L-proline 0.6190L-threonine 0.5943L-tyrosine 0.4952L-glutamic acid 0.4705Potassium citrate 0.3978Glycine 0.3962L-histidine hydro- 0.3848chlorideL-methionine 0.3838Sodium citrate 0.3071L-cystine 0.2848Choline bitartrate 0.2651L-tryptophan 0.2105Sodium Phosphate 0.2021dibasicPotassium sorbate 0.1940Ascorbic acid 0.1042Alpha tocopheryl 0.0929acetateBeta carotene 0.0541Taurine 0.0461M-inositol 0.0375Zinc sulfate 0.0198Ferrous sulfate 0.0183Niacinamide 0.0147L-carnitine 0.0144Biotin 0.0072Copper gluconate 0.0052Calcium pantothenate 0.0042Vitamin A palmitate 0.0041Manganese sulfate 0.0037Vitamin D.sub.3 0.0036Vitamin K.sub.1 0.0028Cyanocobalamin 0.0023Potassium Iodide 0.0019Pyridoxine hydro- 0.0018chlorideFolic acid 0.0014Riboflavin 0.0013Thiamine hydro- 0.0012chlorideChromic acetate 0.0001monohydrateSodium molybdate 0.0001Sodium selenite 0.00004anhydrousTotal 100______________________________________