Patent Grant
7729349
The present invention relates to a method of transmitting data from a sender to a number of recipients in a system with a multilayer protocol architecture, in which the data are divided for organizational purposes into data packets having header data and payload data, a transmitting and/or receiving unit and a communication system.
The term data is understood within the present invention to refer to not only any form of information and/or message but also information which is essentially promotional or unsolicited; that is, in particular, an offer, an advertisement or promotion for a product innovation and consumer information in some other form.
In the case of many services and applications offered in known modern communication systems, information is to be transmitted not only to one mobile radio user but also to two or more mobile radio users. Examples of such services and applications are newsgroups on the Internet, video conferences, video on demand, distributed applications and many more. When messages are transmitted to various users, it is possible to send a copy of the data separately to each recipient. Although this technique is simple to implement using what are known as unicast connections, it is unsuitable for large groups. Since, when sending to N recipients, the same message is essentially transmitted over N individual connections and, in the process, sent repeatedly over common connection paths, this method requires a very high bandwidth.
The present invention is, therefore, directed toward providing a method, a transmitting and/or receiving unit and a communication system which make it possible to send messages to a targeted group of recipients without significant additional administrative effort and with a low transmission bandwidth requirement.
A method according to the present invention is distinguished by the fact that the transmission of data in the form of a point-to-multipoint transmission, in particular in a mobile radio system, is carried out by adding to packet data which are being sent to multicast groups control data for the identification of a specific multicast group. In this way, according to the present invention, a message transmission intended only for a specific group is sent only once to conserve system resources. Although the transmission path over a general channel allows all mobile radio users or mobile radio stations which can possibly be reached to receive this message transmission, it is read only by members of a desired group, since, according to the present invention, it is identified for this group.
In an embodiment, a multicast group is identified by added control data, so that the mobile radio stations find out to which multicast group a specific data packet has been sent. Consequently, a control, or additional monitoring, of the data flows is achieved in a simple way and is not required outside the mobile radio stations as user terminals.
Preferably, using UMTS or a similar standard, further processing of the data received is instigated in a control layer MAC of a receiving mobile radio station on the basis of a comparison of added control data with a multicast group number of its own only if the numbers coincide. This conserves resources in the receivers by preventing further processing of information which is not intended for the respective recipient outside a specific group, and is consequently also generally not readable.
The control data are preferably added in a control layer of the sender. In a known multilayer protocol architecture, this is in particular the MAC layer. Consequently, a respective control layer in the transmitter and at the receivers, here what is known as the MAC layer, is entrusted with the task of processing, i.e. adding or analyzing, control data according to the present invention. This is particularly meaningful, since the MAC layer already has the task of identifying mobile radio telephones in the case of packet data transmissions on general channels. It can therefore be extended according to the present invention without any problems.
The data packets for multicast or enhanced broadcast are transmitted over the already existing transport channel, in particular the transport channel FACH, using a new logical channel.
Alternatively, the data packets for multicast or enhanced broadcast are transmitted over a combination already used or known in a data transmission system from a logical channel which is also projected onto a transport channel FACH. Preferably, the logical channel and a transport channel assigned in accordance with standard requirements, for example DTCH, is used for this. In a further embodiment, the data packets for multicast or enhanced broadcast are transmitted over an already used combination of the logical channel DTCH, projected onto a transport channel DSCH.
In an alternative embodiment, the data packets for multicast or enhanced broadcast are transmitted over a new transport channel, which is given for example the name MCH.
In a particularly advantageous way, the method is performed in accordance with the UMTS standard. Consequently, a forthcoming mobile radio system is equipped with resource-conserving mechanisms in a way compatible with a standard stipulated to this extent. Among applications which can be used, including under UMTS, are promotional transmissions, announcements from information groups through to a transmission of services such as are known from the broadcast sector. Then, devices in the form of transmitting and/or receiving units or communication systems can also be achieved, utilizing the advantages mentioned above.
Additional features and advantages of the present invention are described in, and will be apparent from, the following Detailed Description of the Invention and the Figures.
The illustration of
The actual transmission of all the data consequently takes place over what are known as the physical channels. Among the physical channels, a distinction is drawn between general channels and dedicated channels. The general channels may, in this case, be used by a number of mobile radio stations at the same time, whereas only data for a specific mobile radio station are transmitted on the dedicated channels.
Above the physical layer there is the MAC layer. On the network side, the MAC layer is in the Radio Network Controller RNC control unit of the radio network. One task of the MAC layer is, for example, to multiplex the logical channels above the MAC layer onto the transport channels below the MAC layer. Furthermore, the MAC layer is responsible for the identification of the users if data are sent on shared channels. The physical layer is then connected to the MAC layer via the transport channels. On the transmitter side, the MAC layer in this case passes on the data via these transport channels to the physical layer, which sends the data packets over the physical channels. On the receiving side, the data packets are then passed on by the physical layer to the MAC layer over the transport channels.
Above the MAC layer there is the RLC layer, one of the tasks of which is the segmentation or assembly of packet data, data flow control and the provision of automatic requests to repeat a transmission, or Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) mechanisms. The RLC layer is connected to the MAC layer via logical channels. The logical channels in this case indicate which type of data are to be transported, a distinction being made, for example, between control data and payload data.
Above the RLC there is then, in the control layer C-Plane, what is known as the Radio Resource Control or RRC layer, which is responsible, for example, for the allocation of resources.
In the user plane U-Plane, above RLC, there are also the Broadcast/Multicast Control or BMC layer and the Packet Data Convergence Protocol or PDCP layer. These are currently arranged in parallel. The BMC layer is responsible for the control of the Cell Broadcast Service or CBS service. One of the responsibilities of the PDCP layer is the compression of control data, known as header compression.
The layers RLC, RRC, PDCP and BMC are not particularly significant for the present invention. They have only been presented to provide a complete representation of the layer model according to
If, according to the prior art, packet data are sent over general channels, in particular from a network or UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, UTRAN for short, to a mobile radio station, the MAC layer adds control data to the data packet in the Radio Network Controller RNC. On the basis of these control data, the MAC layer can detect in a receiver, that is a mobile radio station, whether or not the data packets are intended for it. The illustration of
Within the control data, a TCTF field indicates over which type of logical channel the MAC layer has received the data packets if they are to be passed on via a general transport channel FACH to the physical layer. Table 1 presents the TCTF values for the general transport channel FACH:
Possible logical channels which can be transmitted via FACH are accordingly:
Some values of the field TCTF have so far not yet been occupied. A C/T field, likewise represented in
The field “UE-ID type” indicates which identity is being used for the identification of the mobile radio station. In principle, this field consequently indicates the size of the “UE-ID” field. The UE-ID type field includes 2 bits, with 2 values so far not occupied, as table 2 shows:
In the field “UE-ID”, the actual identity of the mobile radio station for which the data are being transmitted is transmitted. A Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier C-RNTI and a User Radio Network Temporary Identifier U-RNTI are consequently the types of identities of the mobile radio stations possible here. C-RNTI in this case has a length of 16 bits, U-RNTI is 32 bits long.
The data packet is then transmitted over general physical channels, such as the Secondary Common Control Physical Channel S-CCPCH, to all the mobile radio stations within a cell. Each mobile radio station then passes the data packets on over the general transport channel FACH to the MAC layer. The MAC layer firstly analyzes the field “UE-ID type” and determines from it which type of mobile radio station identity was used. Subsequently, the MAC layer reads from the field “UE-ID” the identity of the mobile radio station for which the data packet was intended. The MAC layer compares this identity with the actual identity. If the identities coincide, the data packet is passed via the corresponding logical channel to the RLC layer. If the identities do not coincide, the data packet is rejected and erased from all the memories.
Within the method described above, a multiplexed dispatch or dispatch of messages from one sender to a defined group of recipients is still not possible. Currently, what is known as a multicast service is specified for the UMTS. In this service, users can log on for a specific group via their mobile radio station. They are then sent data packets intended for this group. To keep the volume of data sent within a cell as small as possible, it is desirable to send the packets over a shared channel to all the users and/or mobile radio stations of this group. When doing so, it must be noted that a number of different groups may be offered in one cell, but not all the users and/or mobile radio stations in the cell belong to all the groups at the same time.
For the present invention it is further assumed that data packets for different groups are to be transmitted over the same shared physical channel and transport channel.
A key to the present invention is the adding of control data to packet data which are being sent to multicast groups. The control data are intended, according to the present invention, to identify the multicast group in order to enable the mobile radio stations to find out to which group a specific data packet has been sent.
In particular, it is intended, according to an embodiment of the present invention, for the MAC layer to add these control data. This is particularly meaningful, since the MAC layer already has the task of identifying mobile radio telephones in the case of packet data transmissions on general channels, as described above.
After reception of a data packet which has been sent to a multicast group, according to the present invention the mobile radio stations will check on the basis of the identification of the multicast group sent at the same time in the control information whether the packet was sent to a multicast group to which the mobile radio station belongs. If the mobile radio station does not belong to the corresponding multicast group, the mobile radio station is intended, according to the present invention, to erase the data packet. To relieve the receivers, a mobile radio station will only pass on the data packet to the higher layer RLC if this mobile radio station belongs to the corresponding multicast group.
Within the present invention, a distinction is made in principle between three cases for the implementation of this method:
For this exemplary embodiment, it is assumed that the mobile radio stations MS1 and MS2 belong to the multicast group A and the mobile radio stations MS3 and MS4 belong to the group B. It is also assumed that the packet data for both groups are transmitted over the same general physical channel S-CCPCH and that the physical layer of the mobile radio stations passes the packet data on over the general transport channel FACH to the MAC layer. For this case, data can also be sent via the FACH to individual mobile radio stations.
The network setup is represented in the illustration of
It is now assumed that a data packet is to be sent to the multicast group A. In the illustration of
The MAC-PDU is represented in the illustration of
According to the present invention, the “MC-ID” field contains the information by which the multicast group can be identified. If there are several possibilities for the identification of the multicast group, a further field “MC-ID type” may be additionally added, indicating the type of multicast group identification. This may be meaningful, for example, if a multicast group can be identified either via a UMTS-specific identity or, alternatively, addressing according to the Internet protocol IP can be used. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the “MC-ID type” field may also simply indicate the length of the “MC-ID” field; for example, if only data for two multicast groups are being transmitted over the same general physical and transport channel, an “MC-ID” field of 1 bit would be adequate, whereas, for three or four multicast groups, an “MC-ID” field of 2 bits in length would be necessary, etc.
For this exemplary embodiment, it is assumed hereafter that the “MC-ID” field is always of the same length and that there is only one type of identification, and the field “MC-ID type” is consequently not used. It is, therefore, also not represented in the illustration of
The MC-PDU is then passed on over the general transport channel FACH for the transmission of multicast data to the physical layer, which sends the data packet over the general physical channel S-CCPCH to the mobile radio stations MS1-MS4. Each of the 4 mobile radio stations receives the data packet on the general physical channel and passes the packet on over the general transport channel FACH to the MAC layer, as represented in the illustration of
The mobile radio stations MS1 and MS2 belong to the multicast group A, to which the data packet was also sent. MS1 and MS2 were notified of the multicast group identity for the multicast group A when logging onto the multicast group A or, if the multicast group identity is restricted to certain areas (for example a number of cells), on entry into the corresponding area. The same applies to MS3 and MS4, which however were notified of the multicast group identity B. According to the present invention, MS1-4 then compare the multicast group identity contained in the data packet with the stored identity. MS1 and MS2 establish that the same identity is concerned and remove the MC-ID field before the MAC-SDU is passed on via the logical channel MC-CTCH1 to the RLC layer. MS3 and MS4 establish that the multicast group identity contained in the data packet does not coincide with the stored identity and, according to the present invention, erase the data packet instead of passing it on to the RLC layer. The RLC layers in MS1 and MS2 subsequently pass on the data packet via the connection V1 to the BMC layer, which finally passes it on to the higher layers.
Re: Case 2:
It is again assumed that the mobile radio stations MS1 and MS2 belong to the multicast group A and the mobile radio stations MS3 and MS4 belong to the group B. Using the logical channel DTCH, two variants are now investigated:
For variant a) of this exemplary embodiment it is assumed that the data packets for both groups are transmitted over the same general physical channel S-CCPCH1 and that the physical layer of the mobile radio stations passes the packet data on via the general transport channel FACH1 to the MAC layer. Here it is possible, for example, to send data to individual mobile radio stations.
For variant b) of this exemplary embodiment it is assumed that the packet data for both groups are transmitted over the same general physical channel or Physical Downlink Shared Channel PDSCH and that the physical layer of the mobile radio stations passes the packet data on via the general transport channel or Downlink Shared Channel DSCH to the MAC layer. In this case, too, it is possible, for example, also to send data to individual mobile radio stations.
The network setup is represented in the illustration of
It is now assumed that a data packet is to be sent to the multicast group A. In
According to the present invention, the value range of the field “UE-ID type” has been extended by a further value “MC-ID”, which indicates that the address in the “UE-ID” field does not concern an identity of a mobile radio station but an identification of a multicast group. The field “UE-ID type” is then set to this new value and an identification for the multicast group A is entered in the field “UE-ID”.
Only in the case of variant a) does the TCTF field indicate as before that the logical channel over which the MAC layer has received the data packet is a DTCH. The C/T field is not used in this exemplary embodiment, since it is assumed that only one logical channel is projected onto the FACH or DSCH and consequently no multiplexing information is necessary.
If there are several possibilities for the identification of the multicast group, the second not yet occupied value of the field UE-ID type could also be additionally used.
For this exemplary embodiment, however, it is assumed hereafter that only one value is used. The MC-PDU is then passed on in variant a) via the general transport channel FACH, in variant b) via the DSCH, for the transmission of multicast data to the physical layer, which sends the data packet over the general physical channel S-CCPCH to the mobile radio stations MS1-MS4. Each of the four mobile radio stations receives the data packet on the general physical channel and passes the packet on over the general transport channel FACH or DSCH to the MAC layer, as represented in the illustration of
The MAC layer establishes through the field UE-ID type that the field “UE-ID” contains an identification of a multicast group. The MAC layer then deduces from the field “UE-ID” the multicast group to which this packet was sent. Then the MAC layer compares the field value with the multicast group identity stored in the mobile radio station. The mobile radio stations MS1 and MS2 belong to the multicast group A, to which the data packet was also sent. MS1 and MS2 were notified of the multicast group identity for the multicast group A when logging onto the multicast group A or, if the multicast group identity is restricted to certain areas (for example, a number of cells), on entry into the corresponding area. The same applies to MS3 and MS4, which, however, were notified of the multicast group identity B. According to the present invention, MS1-4 then compare the multicast group identity contained in the data packet with their own stored identity. MS1 and MS2 establish that the same identity is concerned and remove all the control data before the MAC-SDU is passed on via the logical channel DTCH to the RLC layer. MS3 and MS4 establish that the multicast group identity contained in the data packet does not coincide with the stored identity. According to the present invention, MS3 and MS4 erase the data packet instead of passing it on to the higher RLC layer.
The RLC layers in MS1 and MS2 subsequently pass on the data packet via the connection V1 to the BMC layer, which finally passes it on to the higher layers.
Re: Case 3:
It is also again assumed for this exemplary embodiment that the mobile radio stations MS1 and MS2 belong to the multicast group A and the mobile radio stations MS3 and MS4 belong to the group B. It is also assumed that the packet data for both groups are transmitted over the same general physical channel Ph1 and that the physical layer of the mobile radio stations passes the packet data on over a previously non-existent general transport channel to the MAC layer. In this case, the configuration of the general physical channel and of the transport channel are to be made known only to those mobile radio stations which belong to one or more multicast groups. Consequently, mobile radio stations which do not belong to at least one multicast group do not receive the data packets for multicast groups.
The network setup is the same as in the previous cases. The mobile radio stations MS1-4 are connected via the already mentioned general physical channel Ph1 to the base station BS1. It is then also assumed that a data packet is to be sent to the multicast group A. In
The data packet is passed in RNC1 from the BMC layer via a connection V1 to the layer RLC lying under it. The RLC layer possibly processes the RLC-SDU before the data packet is passed on to the MAC layer as an RLC-PDU via a logical channel, in this exemplary embodiment the CTCH. The RLC-PDU consequently corresponds to the MAC-SDU. Then, according to the present invention, the MAC layer adds control data to the MAC-SDU, with the aid of which data the receivers can determine for which multicast group the data packet is intended. The MAC-PDU is represented in the illustration of
If there are several possibilities for the identification of the multicast group, here, too, a further field “MC-ID type” may again be additionally added. For this exemplary embodiment, however, it is again assumed hereafter that the “MC-ID” field is always of the same length and that there is only one type of identification, and the field “MC-ID type” is consequently not used. Since for this case a new transport channel is used for the transmission of multicast data packets, onto which only the CTCH is projected, it is not necessary to identify the logical channel; for example with the TCTF field.
The MC-PDU is then passed on via a general channel for the transmission of multicast data packets, in this exemplary embodiment multicast channel MCH, to the physical layer, which sends the data packet over the general physical channel Ph1 to the mobile radio stations MS1-MS4. Each of the four mobile radio stations receives the data packet on the general physical channel and passes the packet, as represented in the illustration of
The MAC layer of the mobile radio stations then deduces from the field MC-ID the multicast group to which this packet was sent and compares it with the multicast group identity stored in the mobile radio station. The mobile radio stations MS1 and MS2 belong to the multicast group A, to which the data packet was also sent. MS1 and MS2 were notified of the multicast group identity for the multicast group A when logging onto the multicast group A or, if the multicast group identity is restricted to certain areas (for example a number of cells), on entry into the corresponding area. The same applies to MS3 and MS4 which, however, were notified of the multicast group identity B.
According to the present invention, the mobile stations MS1-4 then compare the multicast group identity contained in the data packet with the stored identity. MS1 and MS2 establish that the same identity is concerned and remove the MC-ID field before the MAC-SDU is passed on via the logical channel CTCH to the RLC layer. MS3 and MS4 establish that the multicast group identity contained in the data packet does not coincide with the stored identity and, according to the present invention, erase the data packet instead of passing it on to the RLC layer. The RLC layers in MS1 and MS2 subsequently pass on the data packet via the connection V1 to the BMC layer, which finally passes it on to the higher layers.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, those of skill in the art will recognize that changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the hereafter appended claims.
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